A method and apparatus for suppressing interbed multiples
By performing shot-receiver offset processing and adaptive subtraction techniques on seismic data, the problem of low efficiency in interlayer multiple suppression was solved, achieving efficient multiple suppression and improving the fidelity of seismic data and the ability to identify lithological targets.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHINA NAT PETROLEUM CORP
- Filing Date
- 2022-06-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-26
AI Technical Summary
The effect and efficiency of interlayer multiple wave suppression in existing technologies have not yet reached the ideal level, especially in high-efficiency lithological exploration of medium and deep layers, where the fidelity and reliability of seismic data are difficult to meet high-quality requirements.
By grouping the gather data of the entire gun-receiver distance into different gun-receiver distance ranges, a pseudo-self-excited and self-received data volume is formed. Strong reflection interfaces are picked up, the propagation path of multiple waves is simulated, and adaptive subtraction technology is used to process the multiple wave model data to achieve targeted suppression.
It significantly reduces computational load and hardware resource requirements, improves the efficiency of multiple wave suppression, enhances the fidelity and reliability of seismic data, and can accurately reflect the characteristics of underground strata and lithological targets.
Smart Images
Figure CN117369001B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to a method and apparatus for suppressing interlayer multiples, belonging to the technology for suppressing interlayer multiples in the field of seismic exploration. Background Technology
[0002] In recent years, with the continuous improvement of oil and gas exploration and development technologies, the field of oil and gas exploration has developed from structural to structural + lithological composite traps. In particular, the field of high-efficiency lithological exploration in medium and deep formations has received increasing attention, and obtaining high-quality seismic data is increasingly anticipated. In particular, the identification and prediction of lithological exploration targets have very high requirements for the fidelity of seismic data.
[0003] However, during the entire propagation process of seismic waves from excitation to reception, various factors such as the Earth's surface and strong reflecting interfaces affect the waves. During propagation, the waves oscillate back and forth between the surface and strong reflecting interfaces, forming multiple waves. This leads to a decrease in the fidelity and reliability of mid-to-deep strata. Therefore, seismic data processing requires multiple wave suppression to improve the fidelity of seismic data, ensuring that the processed seismic data accurately reflects the characteristics of underground strata and lithological targets. However, the effectiveness and efficiency of multiple wave suppression in current technologies still need improvement. Summary of the Invention
[0004] In view of the technical defects and drawbacks existing in the prior art, the embodiments of the present invention provide a method and apparatus for interlayer multiple wave suppression that overcomes or at least partially solves the above problems.
[0005] An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for suppressing interlayer multiple waves, comprising:
[0006] The gather data of the full gun-receiver distance are grouped according to the predetermined gun-receiver distance range to obtain multiple gather data of the gun-receiver distance.
[0007] The gather data of the gun-receiver distance are horizontally superimposed to form pseudo self-excited and self-received data volumes corresponding to different gun-receiver distances.
[0008] Pick up the strong reflection interface that generates multiple waves from the pseudo-self-excited and self-receiving data volume;
[0009] Based on the collected propagation paths of inter-layer multiples at the strong reflection interface, predict the inter-layer multiple model data corresponding to different shot-receiver distances; and
[0010] The seismic data corresponding to each shot-receiver distance is adaptively subtracted from the corresponding multiple model data to obtain the suppressed multiple data for each shot-receiver distance.
[0011] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the program, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method.
[0012] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the above-described method when executing the program.
[0013] Another embodiment of the present invention provides an interlayer multiple wave suppression device, comprising:
[0014] The gather grouping module is used to group the gather data of the entire gun-receiver distance according to the predetermined gun-receiver distance range to obtain multiple gather data of different gun-receiver distances.
[0015] The overlay processing module is used to perform horizontal overlay processing on the gather data of the sub-shot-receiver distance to form pseudo self-excited and self-received data volumes corresponding to different shot-receiver distances.
[0016] The interface pickup module is used to pick up the strong reflection interface that generates multiple waves from the pseudo-self-excited and self-receiving data volume.
[0017] The model prediction module is used to predict inter-layer multiple model data corresponding to different shot-receiver distances based on the propagation path of the inter-layer multiples simulated at the picked-up strong-reflection interface; and
[0018] The data subtraction module is used to adaptively subtract the seismic data corresponding to each shot-receiver distance from the corresponding multiple wave model data to obtain the suppressed multiple wave data corresponding to each shot-receiver distance.
[0019] The method described in this embodiment uses targeted suppression parameters to suppress multiple waves based on the complexity of the multiple waves within a fixed shot-receiver distance range. This method is highly targeted and flexible in use, which can significantly reduce the amount of computation. At the same time, it only requires the hardware resources of conventional operations to perform multiple wave suppression, thereby improving the efficiency of multiple wave suppression.
[0020] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures described in the written description, claims, and drawings.
[0021] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description
[0022] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:
[0023] Figure 1 This is an example diagram of the common center point gather before the full gun-receiver offset;
[0024] Figure 2 This is an example diagram of the common reflection point gather after full gun-receiver offset;
[0025] Figures 3(a) to 3(c) Example diagrams showing the overlay profiles of gathers at three separate shot-receiver distances;
[0026] Figures 4(a) to 4(c) Examples of multiple waves corresponding to the gather stacking profiles of the three separate shot-receiver offsets are shown respectively;
[0027] Figures 5(a) to 5(c) The cross-sectional views after multiple wave suppression are shown for the three shot-receiver distances.
[0028] Figure 6(a) is a cross-sectional view before multiple suppression at full gun-receiver distance; Figure 6(b) is a cross-sectional view after multiple suppression at full gun-receiver distance.
[0029] Figure 7 This is a flowchart of the interlayer multiple wave suppression method described in this embodiment;
[0030] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the interlayer multiple wave suppression device described in this embodiment. Detailed Implementation
[0031] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
[0032] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numerals in different drawings denote the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present invention. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of the invention as detailed in the appended claims.
[0033] Technical Terminology Explanation:
[0034] SRME technology: Surface-Related Multiple Elimination; Shot-Receiver Distance: the distance between the shot point and the receiver.
[0035] Seismic traces: Seismic traces consist of energy within a certain frequency range. Fourier transform (Sheriff and Geldart) can decompose a signal into different sine waves, whose amplitude and phase vary with frequency. Recording seismic waves at each observation point requires passing through three basic stages: a detector, an amplification system, and a recording system; these together are collectively called a "seismic trace."
[0036] CMP gathers: Collections of seismic traces with common middle points. During seismic data acquisition, when the reflection interface is horizontal, different traces can always be found in different shot point gathers along the seismic line. They all originate from a common point on the subsurface interface. By extracting traces with common middle points from different shot gathers, a new set is formed, namely the CMP gather.
[0037] CRP gathers are collections of seismic traces containing common reflection points. Similarly, traces from different shot collections that share common reflection points are extracted to form a new collection, namely, CRP gathers.
[0038] The inventors of this patent discovered through research that seismic signals, during propagation, oscillate repeatedly with the Earth's surface and multiple strong reflective interfaces, generating multiple waves. The complexity of these multiple waves is influenced by various factors, including the spatial distribution of strong seismic interfaces and the thickness of these interfaces. Full-course multiple waves formed between the Earth's surface and strong reflective interfaces typically exhibit long periods and significant velocity differences from the primary wave. The industry has theoretically studied and practically applied high-precision oscillation transformation to suppress this type of multiple wave, with good suppression results. However, high-precision oscillation transformation is not effective in suppressing interlayer multiple waves formed by wave oscillations between multiple strong reflective interfaces. These multiple waves have short periods and velocities not significantly different from the primary wave. For this type of multiple wave, the industry typically uses extended SRME combined with post-stack multiple wave suppression technology. Extended SRME technology, based on the actual wave propagation path, involves all data ranges generating multiple waves during multiple wave prediction. The computational load is related to the number of downlink reflection points for each trace. This method has a complete technical process and is currently one of the more advanced techniques in China. However, it requires a large amount of computation, significant hardware resources, and a high signal-to-noise ratio for the seismic data.
[0039] Therefore, this embodiment provides a novel method for suppressing inter-layer multiples by shot-receiver offset. The core idea is to process the pre- or post-migration gather data by shot-receiver offset, forming pseudo-self-excited and self-received data volumes corresponding to different shot-receiver offsets. For each set of pseudo-self-excited and self-received data volumes, multiple prediction parameters are experimentally selected to predict the multiple model data related to each set of shot-receiver offsets. Then, an adaptive subtraction technique is used to adaptively subtract the pseudo-self-excited and self-received data volumes corresponding to each set of shot-receiver offsets from their respective multiple model data, obtaining the seismic data after multiple suppression for each set of shot-receiver offsets. Finally, through superposition processing, all the seismic data corresponding to all shot-receiver offsets after multiple suppression are superimposed to generate full-shot-receiver offset superimposed data, completing the full-shot-receiver offset inter-layer multiple suppression.
[0040] like Figure 7 As shown, the method may include the following steps:
[0041] Step 100: Perform pre-stack migration processing on the gather data of the full shot-receiver distance.
[0042] Here, "pre-stack" refers to the data before the stacking process; "full shot-receiver offset" gather data refers to gather data before subsequent shot-receiver offset processing. For example, taking a 3D seismic survey area in a basin in western China as an example, this 3D survey area adopted wide azimuth and high-density acquisition, resulting in a huge amount of raw data, reaching 70TB. Due to the desert surface and weak excitation and reception energy, the signal-to-noise ratio of the raw gathers was extremely low. The underlying Jurassic strata in this area contain multiple strong coal seams, and the spatial distribution of the coal seams is relatively complex and the thickness distribution is uneven. Therefore, the development of interlayer multiples is difficult to achieve using previous multiple suppression techniques.
[0043] Figure 1 The data is from the gathers before the work area offset. It can be seen that the signal-to-weight ratio is extremely low, making it impossible to distinguish between primary and secondary waves. Figure 2 This is the common reflection point gather after the offset of the work area. It can be seen that the signal-to-noise ratio of the gather has been improved after the offset, and it can basically distinguish between primary and secondary waves.
[0044] It should be noted that this step is not mandatory. If the amount of gather data in a certain area is small and the signal-to-noise ratio is high enough to distinguish between primary and secondary waves, then the offset processing in this step can be omitted. As long as it is a single-coverage data volume (i.e., a pseudo-self-excited and self-received data volume), it is acceptable.
[0045] Step 200: Group the gather data of the full gun-receiver distance according to the predetermined gun-receiver distance range to obtain multiple gather data of the gun-receiver distance.
[0046] The shot-receiver offset range can be determined comprehensively based on factors such as multiple transit time, data signal-to-noise ratio, and the computing power of the equipment. Multiple transit time and data signal-to-noise ratio can be obtained by analyzing seismic data. Specifically, if step 100 above is performed, the migrated gather data is grouped; if step 100 is not performed, the unmigrated gather data is grouped. This grouping process can also be called shot-receiver offset processing.
[0047] Step 300: The gather data of the sub-shot-receiver distances are horizontally superimposed to form pseudo self-excited and self-received data volumes corresponding to different shot-receiver distance ranges.
[0048] In this context, self-excited and self-received refers to seismic records obtained by excitation and reception at the same point. In this case, the incident and outgoing seismic rays are consistent, and the multiples are only related to the data in this trace. Because the post-stack data is not truly self-excited and self-received, it is called "pseudo". Since the influence of the shot-receiver distance is eliminated, the multiples of the post-stack data are only related to the post-stack data in this trace, so it is called pseudo self-excited and self-received data volume.
[0049] For example, Figure 3 shows a gather overlay profile with three different shot-receiver distances, where the shot-receiver distance in Figure 3(a) is 0–3k, in Figure 3(b) it is 3–4k, and in Figure 3(c) it is 4–5k.
[0050] Step 400: Pick up the strong reflection interface that generates multiple waves from the pseudo-self-excited and self-received data volume.
[0051] Specifically, by analyzing the source and propagation path of multiple waves generated by each set of shot-receiver distance data, the strong reflection interface that generates multiple waves can be picked out on the pseudo-self-excited and self-received data volume.
[0052] Step 500: Based on the picked strong reflection interface, simulate the propagation path of inter-layer multiples and predict the inter-layer multiple model data corresponding to different shot-receiver distances.
[0053] For example, Figure 4 shows the multiple wave model data corresponding to the gather stacking profiles of three shot-receiver offsets, where the shot-receiver offsets in Figure 4(a) are 0–3k, in Figure 4(b) are 3–4k, and in Figure 4(c) are 4–5k.
[0054] Step 600: Adaptively subtract the seismic data corresponding to each shot-receiver distance from the corresponding multiple wave model data to obtain the suppressed multiple wave data corresponding to each shot-receiver distance.
[0055] Specifically, adaptive subtraction can be achieved using an adaptive subtraction technique. Adaptive subtraction is based on the standard ab, adjusting b according to the characteristics of a. If b contains something from a, the subtraction occurs; if b contains something from a but not from a, the subtraction does not occur, thus avoiding the generation of -b.
[0056] For example, Figure 5 shows cross-sectional views after multiple wave suppression at three different shot-receiver offsets. In Figure 5(a), the shot-receiver offset is 0–3k; in Figure 5(b), it is 3–4k; and in Figure 5(c), it is 4–5k.
[0057] Step 700: Combine the multiple suppression data corresponding to each gun-receiver distance into multiple suppression data for the entire gun-receiver distance.
[0058] Specifically, the seismic data corresponding to all shot-receiver offsets after the suppression of multiples are merged to generate full shot-receiver offset superimposed data, thereby completing the full shot-receiver offset multiple suppression.
[0059] For example, as shown in Figure 6, Figure 6(a) is a cross-sectional view before multiple suppression at full gun-receiver distance; Figure 6(b) is a cross-sectional view after multiple suppression at full gun-receiver distance.
[0060] The method described in this embodiment performs shot-receiver offset processing on pre-stack data. For data within a fixed shot-receiver offset range, targeted suppression parameters are used to suppress multiples based on the complexity of the multiples. This method is highly targeted and flexible in use. It can be applied to pre- and post-migration gather data, significantly reducing the amount of computation. It is suitable for low signal-to-noise ratio data, and only requires conventional hardware resources for multiple suppression, thus improving the efficiency of multiple suppression.
[0061] The method described in this embodiment achieved good results in the processing of 3D seismic data in a certain block of a basin in western China. This area is mainly desert with a relatively simple surface structure. The underlying Jurassic strata contain multiple strong coal seams with a complex spatial distribution and uneven thickness. Multiples are well-developed. Conventional multiple processing procedures effectively remove long-period full-length multiples, but have little effect on suppressing short-period inter-layer multiples. The characteristics of the Permian and Triassic strata affected by multiples are unclear, and the seismic data cannot accurately reflect the underground strata, resulting in strong interpretability issues. By using the method described in this embodiment for multiple suppression at shot intervals, inter-layer multiples in the Permian and Triassic strata are effectively suppressed, improving seismic data quality, reducing data interpretability, and achieving the expected effect of inter-layer multiple suppression.
[0062] Another embodiment of the present invention provides an inter-layer multiple suppression device, capable of achieving the above-mentioned inter-layer multiple suppression, such as... Figure 8 As shown, the device includes at least: a gather grouping module 10, an overlay processing module 20, an interface picking module 30, a model prediction module 40, and a data subtraction module 50. Its working principle is as follows:
[0063] The gather grouping module 10 groups the gather data of the entire shot-receiver distance according to a predetermined shot-receiver distance range to obtain multiple gather data of different shot-receiver distances; the overlay processing module 20 performs horizontal overlay processing on the gather data of different shot-receiver distances to form pseudo-self-excited and self-received data volumes corresponding to different shot-receiver distances; the interface picking module 30 picks the strong reflection interface that generates multiples from the pseudo-self-excited and self-received data volume; the model prediction module 40 simulates the propagation path of inter-layer multiples based on the picked strong reflection interface and predicts the inter-layer multiple model data corresponding to different shot-receiver distances; the data subtraction module 50 adaptively subtracts the seismic data corresponding to each shot-receiver distance from the corresponding multiple model data to obtain the suppressed multiple data corresponding to each shot-receiver distance.
[0064] Optionally, the device may further include: an offset processing module 60, which performs pre-stack offset processing on the gather data of the full shot-receiver distance before stacking; and then the gather grouping module 10 groups the gather data offset by the offset processing module 60.
[0065] Optionally, the device may further include: a data merging module 70, used to merge the multiple suppression data corresponding to each shot-receiver distance obtained by the data subtraction module 50 into multiple suppression data for the entire shot-receiver distance.
[0066] The specific functions and technical effects of each module in this device can be found in the relevant content of the above method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.
[0067] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present invention can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage and optical storage) containing computer-usable program code.
[0068] This invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.
[0069] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.
[0070] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.
[0071] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for suppressing interlayer multiple waves, characterized in that, include: The gather data of the full gun-receiver distance are grouped according to the predetermined gun-receiver distance range to obtain multiple gather data of the gun-receiver distance. The gather data of the gun-receiver distance are horizontally superimposed to form pseudo self-excited and self-received data volumes corresponding to different gun-receiver distances. Pick up the strong reflection interface that generates multiple waves from the pseudo-self-excited and self-receiving data volume; Based on the acquired propagation paths of inter-layer multiples simulated at the strong reflection interface, predict the inter-layer multiple model data corresponding to different shot-receiver distances; and The seismic data corresponding to each shot-receiver distance is adaptively subtracted from the corresponding multiple model data to obtain the multiple suppressed data corresponding to each shot-receiver distance. The multiple suppression data corresponding to each gun-receiver distance are merged into multiple suppression data for the entire gun-receiver distance.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The gather data of the full shot-receiver distance is subjected to pre-stack offset processing, and the offset gather data is then grouped as described above.
3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shot-receiver distance range is determined based on one or more of the following combinations: multiple wave time difference, data signal-to-noise ratio, and computer computing power.
4. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the program is executed by the processor, it implements the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 3.
5. A computer device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the program, it implements the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 3.
6. An interlayer multiple wave suppression device, characterized in that, include: The gather grouping module is used to group the gather data of the entire gun-receiver distance according to the predetermined gun-receiver distance range to obtain multiple gather data of different gun-receiver distances. The overlay processing module is used to perform horizontal overlay processing on the gather data of the sub-shot-receiver distance to form pseudo self-excited and self-received data volumes corresponding to different shot-receiver distances. The interface pickup module is used to pick up the strong reflection interface that generates multiple waves from the pseudo-self-excited and self-receiving data volume. The model prediction module is used to simulate the propagation path of inter-layer multiples based on the picked strong reflection interface and predict the inter-layer multiple model data corresponding to different shot-receiver distances. The data subtraction module is used to adaptively subtract the seismic data corresponding to each shot-receiver offset from the corresponding multiple model data to obtain the suppressed multiple data for each shot-receiver offset; and The data merging module is used to merge the multiple suppression data corresponding to each gun-receiver distance into multiple suppression data for the entire gun-receiver distance.
7. The apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, Also includes: The offset processing module is used to perform pre-stack offset processing on the gather data of the full shot-receiver offset. The gather grouping module is used to group the gather data after it has been offset by the offset processing module.