Helmets and devices for helmets

Abstract

A helmet (1) comprising: an outer shell (2); a head cradle (20) configured to rest on the top of the head of a wearer of the helmet, wherein the head cradle is suspended within the outer shell such that, in use, an air gap is provided between the head cradle and the outer shell; a head cradle cover (30) covering a first surface of the head cradle and at least partially surrounding the head cradle; wherein a low friction interface is provided between the head cradle cover and the first surface of the head cradle.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present invention relates to helmets and apparatuses for helmets. BACKGROUND

[0002] Impact protection devices are generally intended to reduce the energy transmitted by an impact to an object, such as a person to be protected. This can be achieved by energy-absorbing devices, energy-redirecting devices, or combinations thereof. Energy-absorbing devices can comprise energy-absorbing materials, such as foam materials, or structures configured to elastically and / or plastically deform in response to an impact. Energy-redirecting devices can comprise structures configured to slide, shear, or otherwise move in response to an impact.

[0003] Impact protection devices include protective apparel for protecting a wearer of the protective apparel. Protective apparel comprising energy-absorbing devices and / or energy-redirecting devices are known. For example, such devices are widely used in protective headwear, such as helmets.

[0004] Examples of helmets comprising energy-absorbing devices and energy-redirecting devices include WO 2001 / 045526 and WO 2011 / 139224 (the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference). In particular, these helmets comprise at least one layer formed of an energy-absorbing material and at least one layer that can move relative to the head of a wearer of the helmet under an impact.

[0005] Implementing moving parts in a helmet is challenging. For example, it can be challenging to ensure that the friction between moving parts under an impact can be overcome to allow sufficient relative movement between the parts. It is challenging to ensure that the helmet can be relatively easily manufactured and assembled.

[0006] It is an object of the present invention to provide a helmet that at least partially addresses some of the problems described above. SUMMARY

[0007] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a helmet comprising:

[0008] a shell; a head mount configured to sit on the top of the head of a wearer of the helmet, wherein the head mount is suspended within the shell such that, in use, an air gap is provided between the head mount and the shell; a head mount cover covering a first surface of the head mount and at least partially enclosing the head mount; wherein a low-friction interface is provided between the head mount cover and the first surface of the head mount.

[0009] Optionally, the head cradle cover is deformable such that the head cradle cover can move relative to the head cradle at the low friction interface. Optionally, the head cradle cover comprises a first layer arranged to cover a first surface of the head cradle. Optionally, the first layer comprises a fabric. Optionally, the fabric is stretchable.

[0010] Optionally, the head cradle cover comprises a second layer arranged to at least partially cover a second surface of the head cradle on a side of the head cradle opposite the first surface, and connected to the first layer. Optionally, the second layer comprises a fabric. Optionally, the fabric is stretchable.

[0011] Optionally, the head cradle cover comprises a third layer arranged between the first layer and the first surface of the head cradle, a portion of the low friction interface being provided by the third layer. Optionally, the third layer comprises a low friction material. Optionally, the low friction material is PC, TPU or nylon. Alternatively, the low friction material is a fabric. Optionally, the first and third layers of the head cradle cover comprise tricot fabric, and are arranged such that the tricot directions are perpendicular to each other, thereby forming a low friction interface therebetween. Optionally, the tricot fabric is tricot fabric.

[0012] Optionally, the head cradle comprises a plurality of straps configured to extend across the top of the head of a helmet wearer and connect to connection points on the outer shell. Optionally, the head cradle comprises a plurality of straps extending between an opposing pair of connection points. Optionally, at least two straps are connected to each other. Optionally, the head cradle cover surrounds each strap. Optionally, the head cradle cover comprises a central region and a plurality of arms extending outwardly from the central region, the plurality of arms being positioned to correspond to the plurality of straps, the central region being positioned to correspond to a convergence or intersection location of the straps.

[0013] Optionally, the head cradle is located within the head cradle cover, and the head cradle cover comprises an opening through which the head cradle can be inserted and / or removed.

[0014] Optionally, the head cradle cover is provided as a single piece.

[0015] Optionally, the head cradle cover is formed from a plurality of separate sections.

[0016] Optionally, the head cradle comprises a head ring configured to engage at least a forehead of a helmet wearer; and

[0017] The head cradle cover comprises a frontal region configured to cover the head ring.

[0018] Optionally, the head cradle cover comprises one or more pads disposed on a surface of the head cradle cover facing the head of the helmet wearer.

[0019] Optionally, in the absence of an impact on the helmet, the separation between the shell and the head cradle at a location corresponding to the top of the head of the wearer provided by the air gap is at least 10mm, optionally at least 15mm, optionally at least 20mm, optionally at least 30mm, optionally at least 40mm.

[0020] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a head cradle cover for use with a helmet, the helmet comprising a shell and a head cradle, the head cradle being configured to rest on the top of the head of a wearer of the helmet, wherein the head cradle is suspended within the shell such that, in use, an air gap is provided between the head cradle and the shell; the head cradle cover being configured to cover a first surface of the head cradle and at least partially surround the head cradle; the head cradle cover being configured to provide a low friction interface between the head cradle cover and the first surface of the head cradle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0022] Figure 1 A cross-section through a first example helmet is shown schematically;

[0023] Figure 2 A cross-section through a second example helmet is shown schematically;

[0024] Figure 3 A cross-section through a third example helmet is shown schematically;

[0025] Figure 4 A cross-section through a fourth example helmet is shown schematically;

[0026] Figure 5 A first example head cradle is shown schematically;

[0027] Figure 6 A second example head cradle is shown schematically;

[0028] Figure 7 A third example head cradle is shown schematically;

[0029] Figure 8 An example head cradle cover is shown schematically;

[0030] Figure 9 An example helmet comprising a head cradle cover is shown schematically;

[0031] Figure 10 A cross-section through an example head cradle cover is shown schematically;

[0032] Figure 11A cross-section through an example head cradle cover is schematically illustrated;

[0033] Figure 12 A cross-section through an example head cradle cover is schematically illustrated;

[0034] Figure 13 A cross-section through an example head cradle cover is schematically illustrated;

[0035] Figure 14 An example head cradle cover is schematically illustrated;

[0036] Figure 15 A cross-section through an example head cradle cover is schematically illustrated;

[0037] Figure 16 A cross-section through an example head cradle cover is schematically illustrated;

[0038] Figure 17 A cross-section through an example head cradle cover is schematically illustrated;

[0039] Figure 18 A cross-section through an example head cradle cover is schematically illustrated;

[0040] Figure 19 A cross-section through an example head cradle cover is schematically illustrated. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] It should be noted that the drawings are schematic, the proportions of the thickness of the various layers and / or any gap between the layers depicted in the figures can be exaggerated or reduced for the sake of clarity, and can of course be adapted as required and desired.

[0042] Reference is made below to Figures 1 to 4 general features of example helmets are described.

[0043] Figures 1 to 4 An example helmet 1 is shown which comprises an outer layer 2 or shell. The purpose of the outer layer 2 can be to provide rigidity to the helmet. This helps to disperse impact energy to a larger area of the helmet 1. The outer layer 2 can also provide protection against objects which can puncture the helmet 1. Thus, the outer layer 2 can be a relatively strong and / or rigid layer, for example compared to the energy absorbing layer 3. The outer layer 2 can be a relatively thin layer, for example compared to the energy absorbing layer 3.

[0044] The outer layer 2 can be formed from a relatively strong and / or rigid material. Preferred such materials include polymeric materials such as polycarbonate (PC), polyvinylchloride (PVC), high density polyethylene (HDPE) or acrylonitrile butadienestyrene (ABS). Advantageously, the polymeric material can be fibre reinforced using materials such as glass fibre, Aramid, Twaron, carbon fibre and / or Kevlar.

[0045] As shown in Figure 1, one or more outer plates 7 can be mounted on the outer layer 2 of the helmet 1. The outer plates 7 can be formed from a relatively strong and / or rigid material, for example from the same type of material as forms the outer layer 2. The choice of material for forming the outer plates 7 can be the same as or different from the material used to form the outer layer 2. Figure 4

[0046] Figure 4 The helmet is configured so that the outer plates 7 are able to slide relative to the outer layer 2 in response to an impact. A sliding interface can be provided between the outer plates 7 and the outer layer 2.

[0047] Friction reducing means can be provided to reduce the friction at the sliding interface by forming the outer layer 2 and / or the outer plates 7 from a low friction material, providing an additional low friction layer on the surface of the outer layer 2 and / or the outer plates 8 facing the sliding interface, applying a low friction coating to the outer layer 2 and / or the outer plates 7 and / or applying a lubricant to the outer layer 2 and / or the outer plates 7.

[0048] Figure 4 The helmet 1 shown also includes a connector 5 attached to the outer plates 7. The connector 5 is also attached to the outer layer 2 to allow relative sliding between the plates 7 and the outer layer 2. Alternatively or additionally, one or more connectors 5 can be connected to another component of the remainder of the helmet 1, for example the energy absorbing layer 3. The connector 5 can also be connected to two or more components of the remainder of the helmet 1.

[0049] In this arrangement, in the event of an impact to the helmet 1, it can be expected that the impact will occur on one or a limited number of the outer plates 7. Therefore, by configuring the helmet so that one or more of the outer plates 7 can move relative to the outer layer 2 and any outer plates 7 that are not impacted, the surface that receives the impact, i.e. one or a limited number of the outer plates 7, can move relative to the remainder of the helmet 1. This can reduce the rotational acceleration of the wearer's head in the event of an impact.

[0050] It will be appreciated that this arrangement of outer plates 7 can be added to any of the helmets described herein.​

[0051] Figures 2 to 4 An example helmet 1 is shown which includes an optional energy absorbing layer 3. The purpose of the energy absorbing layer 3 is to absorb and dissipate energy from an impact to reduce the energy transmitted to the wearer of the helmet. Within the helmet 1, the energy absorbing layer can be the primary energy absorbing element. Although other elements of the helmet 1 can absorb energy to a more limited extent, this is not their primary purpose.

[0052] The energy absorbing layer 3 can be more effective at absorbing the energy of the radial component of an impact than the tangential component of the impact. The term "radial" generally refers to a direction which is substantially towards the centre of the wearer's head, for example a direction which is substantially normal to the outer surface of the helmet 1. The term "tangential" can refer to a direction which is substantially perpendicular to the radial in a plane which includes the radial and the direction of the impact.

[0053] The energy absorbing layer can be formed from an energy absorbing material, for example a foam material. Preferred such materials include expanded polystyrene (EPS), expanded polypropylene (EPP), expanded polyurethane (EPU), vinyl nitrile foam; or strain rate sensitive foams such as those sold under the trade name Poron TM and D3O TM .

[0054] Optionally or additionally, the energy absorbing layer can have a structure which provides energy absorbing properties. For example, the energy absorbing layer can include deformable elements, for example small cells or finger-like projections, which deform upon impact to absorb and dissipate impact energy.

[0055] As shown in Figure 3 , the energy absorbing layer 3 of the helmet 1 can be split into an outer portion and an inner portion 3A, 3B. These portions 3A, 3B can be configured to rotate relative to each other.

[0056] The energy absorbing layer is not limited to one particular arrangement or material. The energy absorbing layer 3 can be provided by multiple layers having different arrangements, i.e. formed from different materials or having different structures. The energy absorbing layer 3 can be a relatively thick layer. For example, it can be the thickest layer of the helmet 1.

[0057] In use, the layer of energy absorbing material can be provided as a shell over substantially all of the surface of the hard shell facing the wearer's head, although vents can be provided. Alternatively or additionally, localised regions of energy absorbing material can be provided between the hard shell and the head support (as described below). For example, a band of energy absorbing material can be provided around the lower edge of the outer shell, and / or a section of energy absorbing material can be provided over the top of the wearer's head.

[0058] In some example helmets, the size of the outer layer 2 and / or the energy absorbing layer 3 can be adjusted in order to provide a custom fit. For example, the outer layer 2 can be provided in separate front and rear portions. The relative positions of the front and rear portions can be adjusted to change the size of the outer layer 2. In order to avoid gaps in the outer layer 2, the front and rear portions can overlap. The energy absorbing layer 3 can also be provided in separate front and rear portions. These can be arranged so that the relative positions of the front and rear portions can be adjusted to change the size of the energy absorbing layer 3. In order to avoid gaps in the energy absorbing layer 3, the front and rear portions can overlap.

[0059] Figure 1 An example helmet 1 is shown which includes a head support 20. Although not shown in Figures 2 to 4 , these example helmets also include a head support 20. The head support 20 can be provided to seat the helmet 1 on the wearer's head. In some arrangements, this can improve the wearer's comfort.

[0060] The head support 20 can be provided in any form which helps to seat the helmet on the wearer's head. In some constructions, it can help to secure the helmet 1 to the wearer's head, but this is not essential. The head support 20 can be configured to at least partially conform to the wearer's head. For example, the head support 20 can be elastic and / or can include adjustment mechanisms for adjusting the size of the interface layer 20. In one arrangement, the head support 20 can engage the top of the wearer's head.

[0061] The head support 20 can be removable. This can enable the head support 20 to be cleaned and / or can enable an interface layer to be provided which is configured to suit a particular wearer.

[0062] As Figure 1 shown, the head support 20 is suspended within the remainder of the helmet, for example forming a cavity within which the head is accommodated (for example the outer shell 2 and / or the optional energy absorbing layer 3), such that an air gap 21 is provided between the remainder of the helmet and the head support 20. The head support 20 can be connected to the remainder of the helmet (for example to the outer shell 2 and / or the optional energy absorbing layer 3) by a connector 25. This type of helmet is typically used for industrial purposes, for example by construction workers, miners or industrial machinery operators. However, helmets based on this arrangement can be used for other purposes.

[0063] In some examples, the helmet 1 can be designed to withstand impacts of a certain magnitude. In some examples, the helmet 1 can be designed to withstand impacts of a certain magnitude without the energy absorbing layer 3 being activated. In some examples, the helmet 1 can be designed to withstand impacts of a certain magnitude without the energy absorbing layer 3 being activated and without the air gap 21 being eliminated. Figure 1 In the depicted helmet 1, an air gap 21 is provided between the inner surface of the outer shell 2 and the head cradle 20, intended to ensure that the load caused by an impact on the outer shell 2 is spread to the wearer’s head. In particular, the load is not localised on the wearer’s head at a point adjacent to the point of impact on the helmet 1. Instead, the load is spread over the outer shell 2 and then over the head cradle 20, and thus over the wearer’s skull.

[0064] During an impact, some of the energy of the impact can be absorbed by the deformation of the helmet parts, for example the head cradle, reducing the size of the air gap. The size of the air gap 21 between the outer shell 2 and the head cradle 20 can therefore be chosen to ensure that, in the event of an impact on the helmet below a threshold force that the helmet is designed to withstand, the head cradle 20 does not come into contact with the outer shell 2, i.e. the air gap 21 is not completely eliminated, so that the impact can be transmitted directly from the hard shell to the head cradle 20. However, in some example helmets, for impacts above the threshold force, the gap 21 can be eliminated, for example at a particular location such as the point of impact, so that the remainder of the helmet contacts the head cradle 20. Such example helmets can comprise an energy absorbing layer 3 provided in the space that would otherwise be empty and form the air gap 21. In other words, a portion of the air gap 21 can be replaced by the energy absorbing layer. This can bring the remainder of the helmet closer to the head cradle 20.

[0065] In one arrangement, the helmet 1 can be constructed so that, in the absence of an impact on the helmet, the separation between the outer shell 2 and the head cradle 20 at a location corresponding to the top of the wearer’s head is at least 10 mm, optionally at least 15 mm, optionally at least 20 mm, optionally at least 30 mm, optionally at least 40 mm. The size of the impact that the helmet 1 is designed to withstand, and thus the size of the air gap 21, can depend on the intended use of the helmet 1. It will be appreciated that the size of the air gap 21 can be different at different locations depending on the intended use of the helmet. For example, the air gap 21 can be smaller at the front, back or sides of the helmet than at a location corresponding to the top of the wearer’s head.

[0066] In arrangements comprising an energy absorbing layer, the energy absorbing layer can contribute to the ability of the helmet to withstand a radial impact. In particular, in arrangements where the energy absorbing material is located within the air gap between the outer shell 2 and the head cradle 20 at a location corresponding to the top of the wearer’s head, it will be appreciated that the gap between the surface of the head cradle and the energy absorbing layer will be smaller than the gap between the outer shell and the head cradle, and can be completely eliminated. Furthermore, due to the effect of the energy absorbing material in the case of a radial impact, a smaller gap between the outer shell and the head cradle can be required compared to the case where there is no energy absorbing material.

[0067] In some arrangements, the head support 20 can comprise a headband or headring that at least partially encircles the wearer's head. Alternatively or additionally, the head support 20 can comprise one or more straps that extend across the top of the wearer's head. Alternatively or additionally, the head support 20 can comprise a cap or shell that encases the upper portion of the wearer's head. The straps or bands forming part of the head support can be made of nylon fabric. Alternatively or additionally, other materials can be used.

[0068] Figures 5 to 7 An example helmet of the type schematically depicted in Figure 1 Fig. 1 is shown. As shown, the head support comprises a plurality of straps 20 that extend across the top of the head of the wearer of the helmet 1. The straps 20 can be connected to the outer shell 2 at connection points by any of a variety of known methods. For example, the outer shell 2 can be molded to include sockets into which the connectors 25 can be inserted.

[0069] In Figure 5 the arrangement shown, the head support is formed by two straps 20, each strap 20 extending between a pair of connectors 25 positioned so that the strap 20 extends across the head of the wearer of the helmet. For example, a first strap 20 can extend from a left rear position to a right front position, and a second strap 20 can extend from a right rear position to a left front position. However, it will be appreciated that many other arrangements can be used. For example, as Figure 6 and 7 shown, additional straps can be provided so that there are three, four or more straps that extend across the top of the wearer's head. As Figure 6 shown, an additional strap is provided that extends from left to right. As Figure 6 shown, another additional strap is provided that extends from front to back. Similarly, the positions of the connection points of the straps 20 to the remainder of the helmet 1 can differ from those shown. Figures 5 to 7

[0070] In arrangements in which different straps 20 approach one another, for example at the top of the wearer's head, the straps 20 can not be connected to one another, allowing some movement of one strap relative to the other. In other arrangements, the straps 20 can be connected to one another where they cross. In another arrangement, the head support can comprise one or more straps that extend from a connection point to the remainder of the helmet 1 to a point of connection with another strap, for example at a position corresponding to the top of the head of the wearer of the helmet. Finally, as noted above, in other arrangements, the head support can be formed by components other than straps, for example by a cap or shell that can be fitted over the top of the head of the wearer of the helmet 1.

[0071] As Figures 5 to 7 ​As shown, the head cradle can comprise a head ring 20A that engages at least the forehead of the helmet wearer and can surround a portion of the wearer's head. It will be appreciated that such a head ring 20A can be connected to the helmet 1 separately from the remainder of the head cradle, such as the straps 20. Alternatively, the head ring 20A can be connected to the helmet 1 by the straps 20. As a further alternative, the straps 20 can be connected to the remainder of the helmet 1 by the head ring 30.

[0072] Additional straps, such as chin straps, can be provided to secure the helmet 1 to the wearer's head.

[0073] Figure 8 and 9 An example device is shown for use with a helmet as described above. The device is a head cradle cover 30. The primary purpose of the head cradle cover 30 is to provide a low friction interface that allows the head cradle 20 to slide relative to the wearer's head and / or the remainder of the helmet 1, such as the outer shell 2 and optional energy absorbing layer 3.

[0074] The purpose of the helmet layers that move or slide relative to one another can be to redirect the energy of an impact that would otherwise be transmitted to the wearer's head. This can improve protection to the wearer from the tangential component of the impact energy. The tangential component of the impact energy would normally cause rotational acceleration of the wearer's head. It is well known that such rotation can cause brain injury. It has been shown that a helmet with layers that move relative to one another can reduce the rotational acceleration of the wearer's head. Typical reductions can be around 25%, but reductions of up to 90% are possible in some cases.

[0075] Preferably, the relative movement between the helmet layers results in a total displacement between the outermost helmet layer and the innermost helmet layer of at least 0.5 cm, more preferably at least 1 cm, more preferably at least 1.5 cm. Preferably, the relative movement can occur in any direction, such as in a circumferential direction around the helmet, from left to right, from front to back, and any direction in between.

[0076] Regardless of how the helmet layers are configured to move relative to one another, it is preferred that the relative movement, such as sliding, is able to occur under the action of typical forces of an impact for which the helmet design is intended, such as an impact that the wearer is expected to be able to survive. Such forces are significantly higher than forces that the helmet can be subjected to during normal use. The impact forces tend to compress the layers of the helmet together, increasing the reaction forces between the components, and thus the frictional forces. Where the helmet is configured to have layers that slide relative to one another, the interface between them can need to be configured to be able to slide even under the influence of high reaction forces between them that are experienced during an impact.

[0077] For Figures 1 to 7The type of helmet 1 shown, during an impact on the helmet 1, the head cradle 20 can remain suspended within the rest of the helmet 1. For example, an air gap 21 can be maintained. In this case, it can be advantageous to be able to slide between the head and the head cradle 20. However, under particularly severe impacts, the rest of the helmet 1 can come into contact with the head cradle 20. In this case, alternatively or additionally, it can be advantageous for the head cradle 20 to be able to slide relative to the rest of the helmet 1.

[0078] As shown, Figure 9 The head cradle cover 30 is configured to cover at least a first surface of the head cradle 20. The first surface can be the surface facing the wearer’s head or the surface facing the rest of the helmet 1. The head cradle cover 30 can additionally cover an opposite second surface. Figure 9 The example shown covers both the first and second surfaces, which correspond to the surfaces facing the wearer’s head and the rest of the helmet 1, respectively.

[0079] The head cradle cover 30 can have a shape corresponding to the shape of the head cradle 20. As shown, Figure 8 and 9 In the case where the head cradle 20 comprises a plurality of converging or intersecting straps 20, the head cradle cover 30 can comprise a central region 31 positioned to correspond to the converging or intersecting locations of the straps 20, and a plurality of arms 32 positioned to correspond to the plurality of straps 20 extending outwardly from the central region 31.

[0080] As shown, Figure 8 and Figure 9 The head cradle cover 30 can be provided as a single component. Alternatively, the head cradle cover 30 can be formed from a plurality of separate parts. For example, the central region 31 and each arm region 32 can be provided separately. Alternatively, the head cradle cover 30 can comprise only arm regions, i.e. elongate portions. These can cover the entire strap 20 or cover a portion of each strap 20. For example, one strap 20 can be covered by two elongate portions, for example arranged either side of the converging or intersecting location of the strap 20.

[0081] As shown, Figure 8 The head cradle cover 30 can comprise a bridge 33 extending across the region between two arms 32. The bridge 33 can be located to correspond to a position in front of the wearer’s head. The bridge 33 can substantially cover the entire gap. This can prevent the wearer’s head from getting stuck between the arms during an impact. A vent 34 can be provided in the bridge to allow air flow, for example at the edge between the arms 32 and the bridge 33.

[0082] As shown, Figures 10 to 13 The head cradle cover 30 is further configured to at least partially surround the head cradle 20.Figures 10 to 13 Schematic illustration of crossing Figure 9 The cross-section shown is a portion of the head support cover 30 and the head support 20. Specifically, the cross-section shown is a cross-section passing through the extension axis of the arm 32.

[0083] As shown in the figure, the head support cover 30 can have a layered structure. A first layer 37 can be provided to cover a first surface of the head support 20. A second layer 38 can be provided to (at least partially) cover a second surface of the opposing head support 30. The first and second layers 37, 38 can substantially overlap; for example, they can have substantially the same shape and size. Alternatively, the second layer can be disposed in multiple portions (e.g., strips) with gaps between them. In another example, refer to... Figure 10 The second layer 38 may only cover the outer portion of the head support 20, for example, on the opposite left and right sides. Other arrangements are also possible.

[0084] The first and second layers of the head support cover 30 can be joined, for example, at the edge 39. The first and second layers 37 and 38 can be joined by adhesives, thermal welding, sewing, etc. As shown, the first and second layers 37 and 38 can surround the space 310 in which the head support 20 is located.

[0085] The head support cover 30 may be deformable, allowing it to move relative to the head support 20. The first and / or second layers 37, 38 of the head support may be formed of a deformable material, such as a stretchable material. The first and / or second layers 37, 38 may be formed of a fabric, such as a stretchable fabric like Lycra. TM Alternatively, the first and second layers 37 and 38 can be connected by a deformable material.

[0086] For example, the bridging portion 33 may be formed of the same material as the first or second layer. Alternatively, the bridging portion 33 may have the same layered structure as the other parts of the head support cover 30.

[0087] The first and second layers 37, 38 can themselves be multi-layered materials. For example, these can include a base layer laminated with a comfort padding layer, such as a mesh. This can be particularly advantageous for layers positioned facing the wearer to enhance comfort.

[0088] like Figure 8 As shown, an opening can be provided in the headrest cover 30, leading to the enclosed space 310. Therefore, the headrest 20 can be inserted into and removed from the headrest cover through this opening. Figure 8As shown, one or more openings 35 may be provided in the central region 32 of the head support cover 30, and one or more openings 36 may be provided at the distal end of each arm 31. For example, to attach the head support cover 30, a strip 20 may pass through the opening 35 and exit through the opening 36. Preferably, the openings 35, 36 are provided in a first or second layer not adjacent to the sliding interface.

[0089] The head support cover 30 is configured to provide a low-friction interface between the head support cover 30 and at least a first surface of the head support 20. In an example where the head support cover 30 covers both the first and second surfaces of the head support 20, a low-friction interface can be provided between the two surfaces of the head support cover 30 and the head support 20.

[0090] Figure 10 An arrangement is shown in which a low-friction interface is provided by a third intermediate layer 311 of low-friction material between a first layer 37 of the head support cover 30 and the head support 20 (in use).

[0091] Possible low-friction materials include waxy polymers such as PC, TPU, nylon (e.g., napped nylon), PTFE, ABS, PVC, PFA, FEP, PE, UHMWPE, and Teflon. TM Alternatively, the intermediate layer 311 may be formed of woven or nonwoven fabric. A low-friction interface may be provided between the intermediate layer 311 and one or both of the first layer 37 and the head support 20.

[0092] This low-friction material can be approximately 0.1-5 mm thick, but other thicknesses can also be used, depending on the material chosen and the desired performance.

[0093] Figure 11 A variation is shown in which a low-friction interface is provided via two (or more) low-friction material intermediate layers 311a and 311b between the first layer 37 of the head support cover 30 and the head support 20. Alternatively or additionally, the low-friction interface may be disposed between the two intermediate layers 311a, 311b.

[0094] like Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, the intermediate layer 311 can be a floating layer, that is, not attached to the rest of the head support cover 20, but held within the space 310. Alternatively, the intermediate layer can be fixed, for example, to the surface of the first layer 37 facing the intermediate layer 311 by adhesive.

[0095] Figure 12A variant is shown in which the intermediate layer 311 is attached to the rest of the head cradle cover 30 at an edge portion 39, which also connects the first and second layers 37, 38 together. The intermediate layer 311 can be sandwiched between the first and second layers 37, 38 at the edge portion 39. The layers can be connected by adhesive, heat welding, stitching, etc. In this example, a material that is particularly useful for the intermediate layer 311 can be TPU, as it can act as an adhesive and a low friction layer.

[0096] Figure 13 A variant is shown in which the first layer 37 and the intermediate layer 311 comprise ribbed fabric, and are arranged so that the ribbing directions are perpendicular to each other, thereby forming a low friction interface between them. Preferably, the ribbed fabric is warp knit fabric. Preferably, the warp knit fabric has a dull side and a shiny side, and the respective shiny sides face each other at the sliding interface.

[0097] Alternatively or additionally, the lubricating material comprises oil, a polymer, microspheres or a powder, or it can be used for the low friction interface.

[0098] In one example, the low friction material or lubricating material can be a polysiloxane-containing material. In particular, the material can comprise (i) an organic polymer, a polysiloxane and a surfactant; (ii) an organic polymer and a copolymer based on a polysiloxane and an organic polymer; or (iii) a non-elastomeric crosslinked polymer obtained or obtainable by crosslinking reaction of a polysiloxane and an organic polymer. Preferred options for such materials are described in WO2017148958.

[0099] In one example, the low friction material or lubricating material can comprise a mixture of (i) an olefin polymer, (ii) a lubricant and optionally one or more further agents. Preferred options for such materials are described in WO2020115063.

[0100] In one example, the low friction material or lubricating material can comprise an ultra high molecular weight (UHMW) polymer having a density < 960 kg / m 3 , which is preferably an olefin polymer. Preferred options for such materials are described in WO2020115063.

[0101] In one example, the low friction material or lubricating material can comprise a polyketone.

[0102] In some arrangements, it can be desirable to configure the low friction interface such that the static and / or dynamic coefficient of friction between the materials forming the sliding surface at the sliding interface is between 0.001 and 0.3 and / or lower than 0.15. The coefficient of friction can be tested by standard methods, such as standard test method ASTM D1894.

[0103] Figure 14 A component 40 is shown, which can optionally form part of the headrest cover 30. The component 40 is configured to cover the headband 20A. The headband cover 40 can comprise a central region 41 providing a sliding interface and a peripheral region 42 surrounding the central region 41. In use, the central region 41 can be arranged on a first surface of the headband 20A facing the wearer and the peripheral region 42 can be configured to loop around the headband 20A.

[0104] The peripheral region 42 can be attached to anchor points (e.g. hooks) on a second surface of the headband 20A opposite the first surface. To this end, the peripheral region can comprise tabs 43 corresponding to the anchor point locations.

[0105] Figures 15 to 19 A cross-section through an example headband cover is shown. As Figures 15 to 18 shown, the headband cover can have a layered structure similar to the example shown in Figures 10 to 13 , i.e. a first layer 47 and a second layer 48, optionally connected at an edge region 49 and optionally defining an enclosed space 410. The headband cover 40 can further comprise a third intermediate layer 411, or two such layers 411A, 411B. In each example, a low friction interface is provided within the headband cover 40 between the first and second layers 47, 48.

[0106] Figure 19 A variant is shown in which the low friction interface is provided at an outer surface of the headband cover 40. In this example, the headband cover can comprise a first layer 47 and a low friction layer 412 on a surface of the first layer facing the headband 20A.

[0107] In an alternative example not shown, the headband cover 40 can be constructed as in Figures 15 to 18 and comprise an opening in the second layer 48, allowing the headband cover to fit over the headband 20A and remain in the enclosed space 410.

[0108] Helmets as described above can be used in a variety of activities. These activities include combat and industrial purposes, such as protective helmets for soldiers and safety hats or helmets used by construction workers, miners or industrial machinery operators. Helmets are also common in sporting activities. For example, protective helmets can be used in ice hockey, cycling races, motorcycle races, motocross, skiing, snowboarding, ice skating, skateboarding, equestrian activities, American football, baseball, rugby, soccer, cricket, lacrosse, mountain climbing, golf, air guns, roller derby and paintball.

[0109] Examples of injuries that can be prevented or mitigated by the helmets described above include Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries (MTBI), such as concussions, and Severe Traumatic Brain Injuries (STBI), such as subdural haematomas (SDH), bleeding caused by blood vessel rupture and diffuse axonal injuries (DAI), which can be summarized as overstretching of neural fibres due to high shear deformation of brain tissue.

[0110] Depending on the characteristics of the rotational component of the impact, such as duration, magnitude and rate of rise, a concussion, a SDH, a DAI or a combination of these injuries can occur. Generally, SDH occurs in cases of short duration and large magnitude of acceleration, while DAI occurs in cases of longer and more distributed acceleration loads.

[0111] Variations of the examples described above are possible as a result of the teachings above. It will be understood that the application can be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the application.

Claims

1. A helmet, comprising: shell; A head support, configured to be mounted on the top of the head of the helmet wearer, wherein the head support is suspended within the housing, such that an air gap is provided between the head support and the housing during use; as well as A head support cover includes a first layer and a second layer, the first layer covering a first surface of the head support, and the second layer at least partially covering a second surface of the head support located on a side of the head support opposite to the first surface, wherein the second layer is connected to the first layer at an edge such that the first layer and the second layer define a space therein for the head support; A low-friction interface is provided between the head support cover and the first surface of the head support.

2. The helmet according to claim 1, wherein, The head support cover is deformable, allowing it to move relative to the head support at the low-friction interface.

3. The helmet of claim 1, wherein the first layer comprises fabric.

4. The helmet of claim 3, wherein the fabric is stretchable.

5. The helmet of claim 1, wherein the second layer comprises fabric.

6. The helmet of claim 5, wherein the fabric is stretchable.

7. The helmet according to claim 1, wherein, The head support cover includes a third layer disposed between the first layer and the first surface of the head support, a portion of which is provided by the third layer for the low-friction interface.

8. The helmet according to claim 7, wherein, The third layer comprises a low-friction material.

9. The helmet according to claim 8, wherein, The low-friction material is PC, TPU, or nylon.

10. The helmet according to claim 8, wherein, The low-friction material is a fabric.

11. The helmet according to claim 10, wherein, The first and third layers of the head support cover comprise ribbed fabric and are configured such that the rib directions are perpendicular to each other, thereby forming the low-friction interface therebetween.

12. The helmet according to claim 11, wherein, The ribbed fabric is a warp-knitted fabric.

13. The helmet according to claim 1, wherein, The head support includes multiple straps configured to extend across the top of the helmet wearer's head and connect to connection points on the outer shell.

14. The helmet according to claim 13, wherein, The head support includes multiple strips extending between opposing pairs of connection points.

15. The helmet according to claim 14, wherein, At least two strips are connected to each other.

16. The helmet according to any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein, The head support cover surrounds each band.

17. The helmet according to claim 16, wherein, The head support cover includes a central region and a plurality of arms extending outward from the central region, the plurality of arms being positioned to correspond to the plurality of strips, and the central region being positioned to correspond to the convergence or intersection of the strips.

18. The helmet according to claim 1, wherein, The head support is located within the head support cover, and the head support cover includes an opening through which the head support can be inserted and / or removed.

19. The helmet according to claim 1, wherein, The head support cover is provided as a single component.

20. The helmet according to claim 1, wherein, The head support cover is formed from multiple separate parts.

21. The helmet according to claim 1, wherein, The head support includes a headband configured to engage at least with the forehead of the helmet wearer; and The head support cover includes a front region configured to cover the headband.

22. The helmet according to claim 1, wherein, The head support cover includes one or more pads disposed on the surface of the head support cover facing the head of the helmet wearer.

23. The helmet according to claim 1, wherein, In the absence of impact on the helmet, the air gap provides a distance of at least 10 mm between the outer shell and the head support at a position corresponding to the top of the wearer's head.

24. The helmet according to claim 23, wherein, In the absence of impact on the helmet, the air gap provides a distance of at least 15 mm between the outer shell and the head support at a position corresponding to the top of the wearer's head.

25. The helmet according to claim 24, wherein, In the absence of impact on the helmet, the air gap provides a distance of at least 20 mm between the outer shell and the head support at a position corresponding to the top of the wearer's head.

26. The helmet according to claim 25, wherein, In the absence of impact on the helmet, the air gap provides a distance of at least 30 mm between the outer shell and the head support at a position corresponding to the top of the wearer's head.

27. The helmet according to claim 26, wherein, In the absence of impact on the helmet, the air gap provides a distance of at least 40 mm between the outer shell and the head support at a position corresponding to the top of the wearer's head.

28. A head support cover for use with a helmet, the helmet including an outer shell and a head support configured to be placed on the top of the head of a wearer of the helmet, wherein the head support is suspended within the outer shell such that an air gap is provided between the head support and the outer shell during use; The head support cover includes a first layer and a second layer, the first layer being configured to cover a first surface of the head support, and the second layer being configured to at least partially cover a second surface of the head support located on a side of the head support opposite to the first surface, wherein the second layer is connected to the first layer at an edge such that the first layer and the second layer define a space in which the head support is configured to be located; The head support cover is configured to provide a low-friction interface between the head support cover and the first surface of the head support.

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