Small-segment synchronous caving and subsequent filling recovery technology for top and bottom pillar residual ore resources

Abstract

The present application discloses a process for the subsequent filling and recovery of small-segment synchronous caving of residual ore resources of top and bottom pillars; it relates to the field of mining technology, and comprises the following steps, S1: dividing the middle section of the ore body into top pillars and bottom pillars; S2: filling the goaf below the top pillar with full tailings cementation; S3: arranging an outer vein lane at a certain distance from the lower plate of the ore body in this middle section, arranging a chute connected to the lower middle section beside the outer vein lane, arranging a mining field connecting road from the inter-pillar of the outer vein lane, and then arranging a top pillar rock drilling lane parallel to the inner vein lane; S4: dividing the top and bottom pillars into two small sections on the vertical plane, and drilling upward fan-shaped shallow holes in the two small section lanes respectively; S5: blasting, mining and mining the top and bottom pillars, and then filling the goaf; the auxiliary engineering volume of the present application scheme is small and can be shared, and the shallow hole blasting of the upper and lower two small-segment top and bottom pillar recovery is carried out simultaneously, which improves the blasting and mining efficiency, is conducive to distinguishing ore and filling body, and saves cost for mineral processing operations.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of mining technology, and in particular to a process for synchronous caving of top and bottom pillar residual ore resources in small sections followed by filling and recovery. Background Art

[0002] The shallow hole ore-retention mining process has been used skillfully for many years in metal mines at home and abroad. This mining method is suitable for mining thin-medium-thick ore bodies with good rock stability and large ore body inclination. As a result, a large number of top and bottom pillars and intermediate pillars are left behind. Compared with intermediate pillars, top and bottom pillars have better recovery potential due to their uniform distribution and good continuity. In recent years, with the improvement of mineral processing technology, the top and bottom high-value ore pillars left over from historical mining have become of greater recovery value. A safe, reliable, economically feasible residual ore recovery process will become extremely important, which can not only improve mining efficiency while ensuring safety, but also greatly improve the economic benefits of mining enterprises.

[0003] The mine has been using the shallow hole mining method for many years. In recent years, it has built a full tailings cementation filling system and is proficient in using the full tailings cementation filling mining process. The ore grade is relatively high. The goaf left by the shallow hole mining method is in urgent need of management. Recovering the residual ore resources while managing the goaf can achieve two birds with one stone and get twice the result with half the effort. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a safe, efficient and economical top and bottom pillar resource recovery process. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to recover the top and bottom pillars safely, efficiently and economically, the present application provides a process for recovering the top and bottom pillar residual ore resources by synchronous caving in small sections and subsequent filling.

[0005] The present application provides a process for the subsequent filling and recovery of top and bottom pillar residual ore resources in small sections synchronously collapsed, which adopts the following technical scheme:

[0006] A process for recovering top and bottom pillar residual ore resources by synchronous caving in small sections and subsequent filling, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1: Divide the middle section of the ore body into top pillar and bottom pillar:

[0008] S2: Carry out full tailings cementation filling in the goaf below the top pillar;

[0009] S3: Arrange the outer vein tunnel at the designated distance from the footwall of the ore body in this middle section, arrange the chute connecting the lower middle section beside the outer vein tunnel, arrange the stope connection road from the inter-pillar of the outer vein tunnel, and then arrange the top pillar drilling tunnel parallel to the inner vein tunnel;

[0010] S4: Divide the top and bottom columns into two small sections on the vertical surface, and drill upward fan-shaped shallow holes in the two small section lanes respectively;

[0011] S5: Blasting, mining and quarrying of top and bottom pillars, and then filling the empty areas.

[0012] Furthermore, before step S1, there is step S0: arranging a pedestrian skylight in the pillar, arranging mining field connecting roads at both ends every 2m to 3m in the skylight, arranging intra-vein transportation lanes in the ore body, and using an electric rake to mine the bottom structure.

[0013] Furthermore, step S1 is specifically to divide the middle section into a 3m thick bottom column above the vein lane and a 3m to 6m thick top column below the vein lane, with the existing vein lane in the middle section as the boundary.

[0014] Furthermore, step S2 is specifically as follows: before the recovery of residual ore, the goaf below the top pillar is fully cemented with tailings and the filling operation ensures the connection quality and connection rate between the filling body and the top pillar. The strength of the filling body within 0.5m from the top is not less than 4MPa. When the stability of the goaf above the bottom pillar is good, filling may be temporarily stopped. If the stability of the goaf is poor, waste rock should be used to fill more than 25% of the goaf in advance, and the outer covering rock layer should be used to ensure the safety of the top and bottom pillar recovery operation.

[0015] Furthermore, step S3 is specifically as follows: a 3.0m×3.0m outer-vein transport tunnel is arranged in this middle section 20m to 30m away from the lower plate of the ore body, a φ1.5m chute connected to the lower middle section is arranged next to the outer-vein tunnel, and a 3.0m×3.0m mining field connecting road is arranged from the outer-vein tunnel pillar at a certain slope downward toward the ore body to reach the bottom of the top pillar, and then a 2.4m×2.6m top pillar drilling tunnel is arranged along the direction of the ore body parallel to the inner-vein tunnel.

[0016] Furthermore, step S4 is specifically as follows: the top and bottom columns are divided into two small sections on the vertical plane with the existing vein tunnel and the newly constructed rock drilling tunnel as the boundary; the starting mining point of the top and bottom columns uses the pedestrian skylight in the column of the original shallow hole ore retention method as the cutting skylight; and upward fan-shaped shallow holes are drilled in the two small section tunnels with a rock drill with the same hole network parameters.

[0017] Furthermore, in step S4, the shallow holes used for top and bottom column recovery are designed with the following hole network parameters: blasthole length 3m~6m, blasthole diameter 40mm, blasthole spacing 1.0m~1.2m, blasthole row spacing 0.8~1.0m.

[0018] Furthermore, in step S4, the upward fan-shaped shallow hole of the upper segment vein tunnel is constructed first, and then the upward fan-shaped shallow hole of the lower segment rock drilling tunnel is constructed. If the corresponding top column of the lower segment rock drilling tunnel is greater than 5m, a medium-deep hole rock drill can also be used for construction.

[0019] Furthermore, in step S4, when shallow hole blasting is performed to recover the top and bottom pillars of the steeply inclined thin-medium-thick shallow hole ore retention method, φ32mm rolled explosives are manually loaded, starting from the top and bottom pillar cutting shaft, and the top and bottom pillar residual ore recovery blasting is performed in a backward mining sequence.

[0020] Further, in step S5, when the first blast hole of top and bottom pillars is blasted, the cutting shaft is used as the free surface, and the charging line is blasted synchronously in two small sections to form a vertical cutting groove, and the subsequent blast holes use the vertical groove as the free surface, and the two sections are blasted synchronously to collapse the ore to the top of the filling body;

[0021] Subsequently, the outer-vein tunnel and the mining field connecting road formed in step S3 are used as the mining exit channel, and a remote-controlled scraper is used to shovel the collapsed ore on the filling body to the chute beside the outer-vein tunnel for mining exit. After the mining is completed, the filling retaining wall is constructed in time, and the filling task of the middle section empty area is completed by full tailings cementation filling.

[0022] In summary, this application includes the following beneficial technical effects:

[0023] (1) The auxiliary engineering works are relatively small and can be shared. A new drilling tunnel is constructed below the top pillar, and an off-vein tunnel and a chute are arranged in the footwall of the ore body. A downward inclined mining field connecting road is excavated from the off-vein tunnel toward the ore body. The above works can be shared by multiple ore blocks and can also be used as deep development projects.

[0024] (2) The shallow hole blasting for top and bottom column recovery of the upper and lower small sections is carried out simultaneously, which greatly reduces the number of blasting times, improves the blasting recovery efficiency, effectively controls the size of collapsed ore, helps to distinguish ore from filling, and saves costs for mineral processing operations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional view of a mine room of the small-segment synchronous caving and subsequent backfilling mining process of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Sectional view of middle II-II;

[0027] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Cross-section view of section III-III.

[0028] Description of reference numerals:

[0029] 1. Top pillar; 2. Bottom pillar; 3. Intermediate pillar; 4. Off-vein tunnel; 5. Mining connecting road; 6. Rock drilling tunnel; 7. Chute; 8. Pedestrian ventilation shaft; 9. Backfill; 10. Mined ore; 11. In-vein transport tunnel; 12. Goaf; 13. Shallow hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following is combined with Figure 1-3This application is described in further detail.

[0031] The present application embodiment discloses a shallow hole 13 ore retention method residual ore resource segmented synchronous caving and subsequent filling method mining process, comprising the following steps:

[0032] S0: A pedestrian skylight is arranged in the intermediate pillar 3, and mining field connecting roads 5 are arranged at both ends every 2m to 3m in the skylight. An intra-vein transport tunnel 11 is arranged in the ore body, and an electric rake is used to remove the ore from the bottom structure.

[0033] S1. The average horizontal thickness of the top and bottom pillars 2 residual ore bodies designed for mining is about 3m. The mining conditions are defined as a subsequent filling mining process with large entrainment. The process is divided into a time sequence of first emptying and then filling. The residual ore mining process is divided into the 3m thick bottom pillar 2 of the middle section above the vein lane and the 3m to 6m thick top pillar 1 of the lower middle section below the vein lane, with the existing 2.4m×2.6m vein lane in the middle section as the boundary.

[0034] S2. Before recovering the residual ore, the goaf 12 below the top pillar 1 shall be fully cemented with tailings. The filling operation shall ensure the connection quality and connection rate between the filling body 9 and the top pillar 1. The strength of the filling body 9 within 0.5m from the top shall not be less than 4MPa. When the stability of the goaf 12 above the bottom pillar 2 is good, filling may be temporarily omitted. If the stability of the goaf 12 is poor, waste rock shall be used to fill more than 25% of the goaf in advance, and the outer covering rock layer shall be used to ensure the safety of the recovery operation of the top and bottom pillars 2.

[0035] S3. In this middle section, a 3.0m×3.0m off-vein transport tunnel is arranged 20m to 30m away from the lower plate of the ore body. A φ1.5m chute 7 connected to the lower middle section is arranged next to the off-vein tunnel 4. From the pillar 3 of the off-vein tunnel 4, a 3.0m×3.0m mining field connecting road 5 is arranged downward at a certain slope toward the ore body to reach the bottom of the top pillar 1, and then a 2.4m×2.6m top pillar 1 rock drilling tunnel 6 is arranged along the direction of the ore body and parallel to the inner vein tunnel.

[0036] S4. The top and bottom columns 2 are divided into two small sections on the vertical plane with the existing vein tunnel and the newly constructed rock drilling tunnel 6 as the boundary. The starting mining point of the top and bottom columns 2 uses the pedestrian skylight in the original shallow hole 13 ore-retaining method intermediate column 3 as the cutting skylight. In the two small section tunnels, YSP45 rock drill is used to drill upward fan-shaped shallow holes 13 with the same hole network parameters.

[0037] S5. When the first batch of blastholes are blasted for mining the top and bottom pillars 2, the cut shaft is used as the free surface, and lateral blasting is carried out in two small sections simultaneously to form a vertical cut groove. The subsequent blastholes use the vertical groove as the free surface, and the two sections are blasted synchronously to cause the ore to collapse to the top of the filling body 9.

[0038] The outer vein tunnel 4 and the stope connection road 5 formed in step S3 are used as the ore-exit channel, and the collapsed ore on the cemented filling body 9 in step S2 is shoveled and transported to the φ1.5m chute 7 beside the outer vein tunnel 4 by a remote-controlled scraper. After the ore-exit is completed, the filling retaining wall is constructed in time, and the filling task of the middle section empty area is completed by using full tailings cemented filling.

[0039] The implementation principle of the mining process of the residual ore resources of the shallow hole 13 ore retention method and the subsequent synchronous caving and filling method in the embodiment of the present application is as follows: the residual ore resources of the top and bottom pillars 2 are steeply inclined medium-thick ore bodies, and the stability of the ore rock is medium or above. The shallow hole 13 ore retention method used for the original ore room recovery is arranged along the direction of the ore body, the ore room is 50m long and the width is consistent with the thickness of the ore body, leaving 8m thick intermediate pillars 3, 3m thick top pillars 1, and 3m to 6m thick bottom pillars 2. A 1.5m×1.5m pedestrian skylight is arranged in the intermediate pillars 3, and a mining field connecting road 5 is arranged at both ends every 2m to 3m in the vertical direction of the skylight, and an intra-vein transportation lane 11 is arranged in the ore body, and an electric rake is used to remove the bottom structure of the ore.

[0040] Before the top and bottom pillars 2 are recovered, depending on the stability of the void area, the goaf 12 above the bottom pillar 2 will not be processed temporarily, or waste rock will be used to fill more than 25% of the volume of the goaf to form an overlying rock layer with a certain protective thickness; the goaf 12 below the top pillar 1 is filled with full tailings cementation until it is connected to the top pillar 1. When the strength of the upper 0.5m thick filling body 9 reaches 4MPa, an extra-vein transportation tunnel is arranged at 20m to 30m below the ore body, and a φ1.5m chute 7 connected to the lower middle section is arranged next to the extra-vein tunnel 4. A 3.0m×3.0m mining field connecting road 5 is arranged from the extra-vein tunnel 4 at the position of the intermediate pillar 3 with a certain slope downward toward the ore body to reach the bottom of the top pillar 1, and then a 3.0m×3.0m top pillar 1 drilling tunnel 6 is arranged along the direction of the ore body and parallel to the inner vein tunnel. At this point, the top and bottom pillars 2 are divided into two small sections by the existing inner vein tunnel and the newly excavated top pillar 1 drilling tunnel 6.

[0041] The pedestrian skylight in the intermediate pillar 3 on one side of the top and bottom pillars 2 is used as a cutting skylight to provide compensation space for the first batch of blasting holes for the recovery of the residual ore of the top and bottom pillars 2. The YSP-45 shallow hole 13 rock drill is used in the two small sections with the same hole network parameters to construct the upward fan-shaped shallow hole 13. The blasting method of charging and connecting the two small sections at the same time is adopted to realize the recovery process of the small-section synchronous collapse of the ore. The ore after the collapse is transported to the outer vein lane 4 through the stope connection road 5 by a remote-controlled scraper and unloaded into the middle section φ1.5m chute 7. After the top and bottom pillars 2 are recovered and mined, a filling retaining wall is constructed to fill the goaf 12 afterwards.

[0042] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Therefore, any equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A process for recovering top and bottom pillar residual ore resources by small-segment synchronous caving and subsequent filling, characterized in that: The following steps are included: S0: Arrange pedestrian skylights in the pillars, arrange stope connection roads at both ends every 2m to 3m in the skylights, arrange intra-vein transport lanes in the ore body, and arrange the bottom structure of the electric rake out of the ore S1: Divide the middle section of the ore body into top pillar and bottom pillar: S2: Carry out full tailings cementation filling in the goaf below the top pillar; S3: Arrange the outer vein tunnel at the designated distance from the footwall of the ore body in this middle section, arrange the chute connecting the lower middle section beside the outer vein tunnel, arrange the stope connection road from the pillar of the outer vein tunnel, and then arrange the rock drilling tunnel parallel to the inner vein tunnel; S4: Divide the top and bottom columns into two small sections on the vertical surface, and drill upward fan-shaped shallow holes in the two small section lanes respectively; S5: Blasting, mining and quarrying of top and bottom pillars, and then filling the empty areas.

2. A process for recovering top and bottom pillar residual ore resources by small-segment synchronous caving and subsequent filling according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S1 is specifically to divide the middle section into a 3m to 6m thick bottom column above the vein lane and a 3m to 6m thick top column below the vein lane, with the existing vein lane in the middle section as the boundary.

3. The process for recovering top and bottom pillar residual ore resources by small-segment synchronous caving and subsequent filling according to claim 1 is characterized by: Step S2 is specifically to fill the goaf below the top pillar with full tailings cementation before recovering the residual ore. The filling operation ensures the connection quality and connection rate between the filling body and the top pillar. The strength of the filling body within 0.5m from the top is not less than 4MPa. When the stability of the goaf above the bottom pillar is good, filling may be temporarily omitted. If the stability of the goaf is poor, waste rock should be used to fill more than 25% of the goaf in advance, and the outer covering rock layer should be used to ensure the safety of the top and bottom pillar recovery operation.

4. The process for recovering top and bottom pillar residual ore resources by small-segment synchronous caving and subsequent filling according to claim 1 is characterized by: Step S3 specifically comprises the following steps: arranging a 3.0m×3.0m off-vein transport tunnel at a distance of 20m to 30m from the lower plate of the ore body in this middle section, arranging a φ1.5m chute connecting the lower middle section next to the off-vein tunnel, arranging a 3.0m×3.0m mining field connecting road from the pillars of the off-vein tunnel at a certain slope downward toward the ore body to reach the bottom of the top pillar, and then arranging a 2.4m×2.6m rock drilling tunnel along the direction of the ore body parallel to the vein tunnel.

5. The process for recovering top and bottom pillar residual ore resources by small-segment synchronous caving and subsequent filling according to claim 1 is characterized by: Step S4 is specifically as follows: the top and bottom columns are divided into two small sections on the vertical plane with the existing vein tunnel and the newly constructed rock drilling tunnel as the boundary; the starting mining point of the top and bottom columns uses the pedestrian skylight in the column of the original shallow hole ore retention method as the cutting skylight; and upward fan-shaped shallow holes are drilled in the two small section tunnels with a rock drill with the same hole network parameters.

6. A process for recovering top and bottom pillar residual ore resources by small-segment synchronous caving followed by filling and recovery according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S4, the shallow holes used for top and bottom column recovery are designed with the following hole network parameters: blast hole length 3m~6m, blast hole diameter 40mm, blast hole spacing 1.0m~1.2m, blast hole row spacing 0.8~1.0m.

7. A process for recovering top and bottom pillar residual ore resources by small-segment synchronous caving followed by filling and recovery according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S4, the upward fan-shaped shallow holes of the upper segment vein tunnel are constructed first, and then the upward fan-shaped shallow holes of the lower segment rock drilling tunnel are constructed. If the corresponding top column of the lower segment rock drilling tunnel is greater than 5m, a medium-deep hole rock drill can also be used for construction.

8. The process for recovering top and bottom pillar residual ore resources by small-segment synchronous caving and subsequent filling according to claim 5 is characterized by: In step S4, when shallow hole blasting is performed to recover the top and bottom pillars of the steeply inclined thin-medium-thick shallow hole ore retention method, φ32mm rolled explosives are manually loaded, starting from the top and bottom pillar cutting shaft, and the top and bottom pillar residual ore recovery blasting is performed in a backward mining sequence.

9. The process for recovering top and bottom pillar residual ore resources by small-segment synchronous caving and subsequent filling according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, when the first blasthole of top and bottom pillars is blasted, the cutting shaft is used as the free surface, and the charging line is blasted synchronously in two small sections to form a vertical cutting groove. The subsequent blastholes use the vertical groove as the free surface, and the two sections are blasted synchronously to collapse the ore to the top of the filling body; Subsequently, the outer-vein tunnel and the mining field connecting road formed in step S3 are used as the mining exit channel, and a remote-controlled scraper is used to shovel the collapsed ore on the filling body to the chute beside the outer-vein tunnel for mining exit. After the mining is completed, the filling retaining wall is constructed in time, and the filling task of the middle section empty area is completed by full tailings cementation filling.

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