A supercritical water hydrogen production system with hydrothermal flame as internal heat source

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of supercritical water hydrogen production system with hot liquid flame as internal heat source, including reactor, waste liquid branch, oxygen branch, fuel branch and waste heat recovery branch;The lower part of the reactor is hot liquid flame zone, and the upper part is passage zone, and the passage zone includes hot liquid flame passage, gasification passage, heat source passage and waste liquid preheating passage from inside to outside, and the bottom end of hot liquid flame passage is communicated with hot liquid flame zone, and membrane tube for blocking carbon dioxide is arranged in the inside of hot liquid flame passage.The hot liquid flame of the present application is not directly mixed with material as hot liquid, and the hot liquid after carbon dioxide is separated by membrane is used as waste liquid preheating and gasification heat source, which not only greatly improves gasification efficiency, but also avoids side reactions such as methanation, improves hydrogen production rate and purity, and system energy utilization rate is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of supercritical water hydrogen production technology, specifically to a supercritical water hydrogen production system that uses a hydrothermal flame as an internal heat source. Background Technology

[0002] Supercritical water (PC>22.1MPa, TC>374℃) is a special reaction medium with broad prospects for the degradation and energy utilization of organic waste. In a supercritical water environment, organic matter and gas are completely miscible, the gas-liquid interface disappears, forming a homogeneous system, and the reaction rate is greatly accelerated. Within a short residence time, organic matter rapidly vaporizes to produce hydrogen-rich gas. Since the supercritical water vaporization of organic matter to produce hydrogen is an endothermic reaction, the reactants and medium need to be preheated to the supercritical temperature. Furthermore, to improve reaction efficiency, preheating to even higher temperatures is required, and this process generally consumes a large amount of electrical energy.

[0003] Existing supercritical water gasification reactions require high-temperature conditions, necessitating material preheating to the supercritical temperature. This process typically demands a large amount of heat energy input, resulting in high energy consumption and costs. Organic waste in the preheating section easily leads to scaling and clogging, and the presence of particles in high-solid-content waste liquids causes solid particles to accumulate, significantly increasing heat and mass transfer resistance, resulting in low supercritical water gasification efficiency and inhibiting reaction rate and gas production. Conventional solutions involve mechanical stirring within the reactor, but under supercritical water reaction conditions, stirring devices are difficult to install and seal. Alternatively, extremely long reaction residence times can be used, but this results in excessively large reactor size and investment costs.

[0004] Rapid preheating of waste liquid using hydrothermal flames is an important preheating process that can solve preheating problems and improve gasification efficiency. However, the high concentration of carbon dioxide in hydrothermal flames can exacerbate the methanation reaction, thereby reducing hydrogen production rate and purity. The principle is as follows:

[0005] For the model organic compound (CHxOy), its supercritical water gasification hydrogen production reaction can be simplified as follows:

[0006]

[0007] This endothermic process includes reactions such as steam reforming, water-gas shift reaction, methanation, and hydrogenation. Among these, the steam reforming of organic matter produces hydrogen and carbon monoxide.

[0008]

[0009] The water-gas shift reaction is a reversible reaction.

[0010]

[0011] In addition, the process also includes side reactions such as the methanation of CO and CO2 and hydrogenation:

[0012] CO + 3H₂ → CH₄ + H₂O (4)

[0013] CO2 + 4H2 → CH4 + 2H2O (5)

[0014] CO + 2H₂ → CH₄ + 0.5O₂ (6)

[0015] Increased carbon dioxide levels promote methanation, consuming hydrogen and thus reducing hydrogen yield and purity. Summary of the Invention

[0016] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a supercritical water hydrogen production system that uses a hydrothermal flame as an internal heat source to address the above-mentioned shortcomings. In this invention, the hydrothermal flame does not directly mix with the material. The hydrothermal liquid after carbon dioxide is intercepted and separated by a membrane is then used as a heat source for preheating and gasification of waste liquid. This not only greatly improves the gasification efficiency, but also avoids side reactions such as methanation, improves the hydrogen yield and purity, and the system has high energy utilization.

[0017] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0018] A supercritical water hydrogen production system using hydrothermal flame as an internal heat source includes a reactor, a waste liquid branch, an oxygen branch, a fuel branch, and a waste heat recovery branch.

[0019] The lower part of the reactor is a hydrothermal flame zone, and the upper part is a channel zone. The channel zone includes a hydrothermal flame channel, a vaporization channel, a heat source channel, and a waste liquid preheating channel from the inside to the outside. The bottom end of the hydrothermal flame channel is connected to the hydrothermal flame zone. A membrane tube for blocking carbon dioxide is installed inside the hydrothermal flame channel. The top end of the membrane tube is connected to the top end of the heat source channel. The bottom ends of the vaporization channel, the heat source channel, and the waste liquid preheating channel are all connected to the hydrothermal flame zone, and an airlock mechanism is installed at the connection.

[0020] The output ends of the oxygen branch and the fuel branch are both connected to the bottom end of the hydrothermal flame zone. The oxygen branch and the fuel branch are used to supply oxygen and fuel to the hydrothermal flame zone, respectively.

[0021] The output end of the waste liquid branch is connected to the top of the waste liquid preheating channel, and the waste liquid branch is used to input waste liquid into the waste liquid preheating channel;

[0022] The top of the gasification channel is connected to a waste heat recovery branch. The waste heat recovery branch is used to preheat the fuel and waste liquid using the heat of the gasification products. After preheating, the gasification products are separated into gas and liquid to obtain hydrogen-rich fuel.

[0023] Furthermore, the reactor is internally provided with a central shell, which includes a cylindrical section and a conical section arranged sequentially from top to bottom. A first inner shell and a second inner shell are arranged on the outer side of the cylindrical section, and the first and second inner shells cover the outer side of the cylindrical section from the inside to the outside. The lower region of the conical section is the hydrothermal flame zone, the inner region of the cylindrical section is the hydrothermal flame channel, the gap between the cylindrical section and the first inner shell is the gasification channel, the gap between the first and second inner shells is the heat source channel, and the gap between the second inner shell and the inner wall of the reactor is the waste liquid preheating channel.

[0024] Furthermore, the bottom end of the conical section is connected to the inner wall of the reactor via a horizontal ring. Multiple discharge pipes are provided on the horizontal ring, and an airlock mechanism is provided inside the discharge pipe. The airlock mechanism includes a movable baffle and a boss provided on the inner wall of the discharge pipe.

[0025] Furthermore, an inner conical baffle assembly is provided in the hydrothermal flame channel. The inner conical baffle assembly is located below the membrane tube and is used to block solid products in the hydrothermal flame products. The inner conical baffle assembly includes a first upper conical baffle and a first lower conical baffle arranged sequentially from top to bottom.

[0026] Furthermore, an outer conical baffle assembly is provided in the gasification channel. The outer conical baffle assembly is used to block solid and liquid products in the gasification products. The outer conical baffle assembly includes a second upper conical baffle and a second lower conical baffle arranged sequentially from top to bottom.

[0027] Furthermore, the bottom of the reactor is provided with a slag discharge outlet that communicates with the hydrothermal flame zone.

[0028] Furthermore, the oxygen branch includes an oxygen tank and an oxygen booster pump. The input end of the oxygen booster pump is connected to the output end of the oxygen tank. An oxygen injection port communicating with the hydrothermal flame zone is provided at the bottom of the reactor, and the output end of the oxygen booster pump is connected to the oxygen injection port.

[0029] Furthermore, the fuel branch includes a fuel tank and a fuel booster pump. The input end of the fuel booster pump is connected to the output end of the fuel tank, and the output end of the booster pump is connected to the input end of the heater. The bottom of the reactor is provided with a fuel inlet communicating with the hydrothermal flame zone, and the output end of the heater is connected to the fuel inlet.

[0030] Furthermore, it also includes a power generation branch, the top of which is connected to the hydrothermal flame channel. The power generation branch includes a steam turbine, a generator, a condenser, and a carbon dioxide storage tank. The input end of the steam turbine is connected to the top of the hydrothermal flame channel, the turbine shaft is connected to the generator shaft, the turbine output end is connected to the condenser input end, and the condenser output end is connected to the carbon dioxide storage tank input end.

[0031] Furthermore, the waste heat recovery branch includes a first preheater, a second preheater, a steam generator, a back pressure valve, a gas-liquid separator, a cooling water tank, and a cooling water booster pump. The first preheater, second preheater, steam generator, back pressure valve, and gas-liquid separator are connected sequentially. The input end of the first preheater is connected to the top of the gasification channel. The first preheater is used to preheat the fuel in the fuel branch using the heat of the gasification products. The second preheater is used to heat the waste liquid in the waste liquid branch using the heat of the gasification products. The output end of the cooling water tank is connected to the steam generator through the cooling water booster pump. The steam generator is used to heat the cooling water using the heat of the gasification products to generate steam. The back pressure valve is used to reduce the pressure of the cooled gasification products to atmospheric pressure. The gas-liquid separator is used to separate the depressurized gasification products into gas and liquid, obtaining hydrogen-rich fuel and residual liquid.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present invention, by adopting the above technical solution, has the following advantages:

[0033] (1) The reactor of the present invention is provided with a hydrothermal flame zone and a channel zone. The channel zone includes a hydrothermal flame channel, a gasification channel, a heat source channel and a waste liquid preheating channel arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside. Through this structural design, the waste liquid can absorb the heat of the hydrothermal flame gasification products for secondary preheating after the first preheating and be mixed. Then it enters the gasification channel and is rapidly gasified under the heating of the hydrothermal flame, with high gasification efficiency and hydrogen production efficiency.

[0034] (2) The present invention uses a membrane tube to trap carbon dioxide in the hydrothermal flame products. The trapped and concentrated carbon dioxide can be used to generate electricity. The generated electricity can replenish the system consumption on the one hand, and can be output to the outside on the other hand. Furthermore, separating carbon dioxide in the hydrothermal flame products can promote the efficiency and purity of gasification hydrogen production and inhibit the generation of methane.

[0035] (3) The waste heat of supercritical water gasification products can be used to preheat fuel and waste liquid, as well as to generate steam. It can effectively utilize the heat of gasification products, reduce the energy consumption of the system, avoid coking and blockage during the preheating process, and the residual liquid after condensation will be recycled into the fuel tank to reduce the fuel consumption of the system.

[0036] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the system of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the reactor structure of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A.

[0040] The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows:

[0041] 1. Reactor; 1a. Hydrothermal flame zone; 1b. Hydrothermal flame channel; 1c. Gasification channel; 1d. Heat source channel; 1e. Waste liquid preheating channel; 11. Central shell; 111. Cylindrical section; 112. Conical section; 113. Horizontal ring; 1131. Discharge pipe; 1132. Moving baffle; 1133. Boss; 12. First inner shell; 13. Second inner shell; 141. First upper conical baffle; 142. First lower conical baffle; 143. Second upper conical baffle; 144. Second lower conical baffle; 15. Oxygen injection port; 16. Fuel inlet; 17. Slag outlet;

[0042] 2. Membrane tube;

[0043] 31. Oxygen cylinder; 32. Oxygen booster pump;

[0044] 41. Fuel tank; 42. Fuel booster pump; 43. Heater;

[0045] 51. Steam turbine; 52. Generator; 53. Condenser; 54. Carbon dioxide storage tank;

[0046] 61. First preheater; 62. Second preheater; 63. Steam generator; 64. Back pressure valve; 65. Gas-liquid separator; 66. Cooling water tank; 67. Cooling water booster pump;

[0047] 71. Waste liquid tank; 72. Waste liquid booster pump. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The principles and features of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The examples given are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0049] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", "clockwise" and "counterclockwise" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0050] like Figure 1 As shown, a supercritical water hydrogen production system using hydrothermal flame as an internal heat source includes a reactor 1, a waste liquid branch, an oxygen branch, a fuel branch, and a waste heat recovery branch.

[0051] The lower part of the reactor 1 is a hydrothermal flame zone 1a, and the upper part is a channel zone. The channel zone includes a hydrothermal flame channel 1b, a vaporization channel 1c, a heat source channel 1d, and a waste liquid preheating channel 1e, which run from the inside to the outside. The bottom end of the hydrothermal flame channel 1b is connected to the hydrothermal flame zone 1a. A membrane tube 2 for blocking carbon dioxide is installed inside the hydrothermal flame channel 1b. The top end of the membrane tube 2 is connected to the top end of the heat source channel 1d. The bottom ends of the vaporization channel 1c, the heat source channel 1d, and the waste liquid preheating channel 1e are all connected to the hydrothermal flame zone 1a, and an airlock mechanism is provided at the connection.

[0052] The output ends of the oxygen branch and the fuel branch are both connected to the bottom end of the hydrothermal flame zone 1a. The oxygen branch and the fuel branch are used to supply oxygen and fuel to the hydrothermal flame zone 1a, respectively.

[0053] The output end of the waste liquid branch is connected to the top of the waste liquid preheating channel 1e, and the waste liquid branch is used to input waste liquid into the waste liquid preheating channel 1e;

[0054] The top of the gasification channel 1c is connected to the waste heat recovery branch. The waste heat recovery branch is used to preheat the fuel and waste liquid using the heat of the gasification products, and after preheating, the gasification products are separated into gas and liquid to obtain hydrogen-rich fuel.

[0055] I. Reactor

[0056] like Figure 2 As shown, the reactor 1 has an outer shape consisting of an upper cylindrical shape and a lower inverted cone shape. The angle between the generatrix of the inverted cone and the horizontal plane is 10° to 60°. The reactor 1 is a hollow shell structure. A vertical central shell 11 is provided in the middle of the inner side of the reactor 1. The central shell 11 consists of an upper cylindrical section 111 and a lower conical section 112. The top of the cylindrical section 111 is connected to the top of the inner side of the reactor 1. The internal area of ​​the cylindrical section 111 is the hydrothermal flame channel 1b, and the area below the conical section 112 is the hydrothermal flame zone 1a.

[0057] A coaxial nozzle is provided at the bottom of the hydrothermal flame zone 1a. The height of the coaxial nozzle is lower than the upper edge of the inverted conical shell of the reactor. The coaxial nozzle consists of an inner tube and an outer tube. An oxygen injection port 15 is provided at the bottom of the inner tube, and a fuel inlet 16 is provided at the bottom of the outer tube. Both the oxygen injection port 15 and the fuel inlet 16 are located on the outside of the reactor 1.

[0058] A slag discharge outlet is also provided at the bottom of the hydrothermal flame zone 1a;

[0059] A membrane tube 2 is provided at the top inner side of the reactor 1. The membrane tube 2 is located inside the cylindrical section 111 and the bottom end of the membrane tube 2 is closed. The membrane tube 2 is a carbon dioxide retention membrane, preferably made of metal, ceramic or other materials.

[0060] The reactor 1 is also provided with a first inner shell 12 and a second inner shell 13. Both the first inner shell 12 and the second inner shell 13 are cylindrical. The top ends of the first inner shell 12 and the second inner shell 13 are connected to the inner top end of the reactor 1. The first inner shell 12 and the second inner shell 13 are arranged from the inside to the outside of the cylindrical section 111. The bottom ends of the cylindrical section 111, the first inner shell 12 and the second inner shell 13 are flat. The gap between the cylindrical section 111 and the first inner shell 12 is the gasification channel 1c. The gap between the first inner shell 12 and the second inner shell 13 is the heat source channel 1d. The gap between the second inner shell 13 and the inner wall of the reactor 1 is the waste liquid preheating channel 1e.

[0061] like Figure 3 As shown, the bottom end of the conical section 112 is connected to the inner wall of the reactor through a horizontal ring 113. The bottom end of the horizontal ring 113 is provided with multiple discharge pipes 1131, which connect the areas above and below the horizontal ring 113. In this embodiment, the number of discharge pipes 1131 is 2 to 4. An airlock mechanism is provided inside the discharge pipe 1131. The airlock mechanism includes a movable baffle 1132 and a boss 1133 provided on the inner wall of the discharge pipe 1131.

[0062] An inner conical baffle assembly is provided inside the hydrothermal flame channel 1b. The inner conical baffle assembly is located below the membrane tube 2 and is used to block solid products in the hydrothermal flame products. The inner conical baffle assembly includes a first upper conical baffle 141 and a first lower conical baffle 142 arranged sequentially from top to bottom. Both the first upper conical baffle 141 and the first lower conical baffle 142 are provided on the inner wall of the cylindrical section 111.

[0063] An outer conical baffle assembly is provided inside the gasification channel 1c. The outer conical baffle assembly is used to block solid and liquid products in the gasification products. The outer conical baffle assembly includes a second upper conical baffle 143 and a second lower conical baffle 144 arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The second upper conical baffle 143 is disposed on the first inner shell 12, and the second lower conical baffle 144 is disposed on the outer side wall of the cylindrical section 111.

[0064] II. Oxygen Branch

[0065] The oxygen branch includes an oxygen tank 31 and an oxygen booster pump 32. The input end of the oxygen booster pump 32 is connected to the output end of the oxygen tank 31, and then the pressurized oxygen is delivered to the oxygen injection port 15. The output end of the oxygen booster pump 32 is connected to the oxygen injection port 15. The oxygen booster pump 18 is used to pressurize the oxygen delivered from the oxygen tank 31 to 23MPa, and then input the pressurized oxygen into the hydrothermal flame zone 1a through the oxygen injection port 15. The flow rate of the delivered oxygen is 1.05 to 1.25 times the amount of oxygen required for the complete oxidation of organic matter in the fuel.

[0066] III. Fuel Branch

[0067] The fuel branch includes a fuel tank 41, a fuel booster pump 42, a first preheater 61, and a heater 43. The fuel tank 41, fuel booster pump 42, first preheater 61, and heater 43 are connected in sequence. The output end of the heater 43 is connected to the fuel inlet 16. The fuel booster pump 42 is used to boost the fuel to a pressure of 23 MPa or higher. The first preheater 61 is used to preheat the fuel for the first time using the heat of the gasification products. The heater 43 is used to heat the preheated fuel to a preset temperature and then input it into the hydrothermal flame zone 1a from the fuel inlet 16.

[0068] IV. Waste Liquid Branch

[0069] The waste liquid branch includes a waste liquid tank 71, a waste liquid booster pump 72, and a second preheater 62. The waste liquid tank 71, the waste liquid booster pump 72, and the second preheater 62 are connected in sequence. The waste liquid output end of the second preheater 62 is connected to the top of the waste liquid preheating channel 1e. The waste liquid booster pump 72 is used to boost the waste liquid to a pressure of 23 MPa or higher. The second preheater 62 is used to preheat the boosted waste liquid for the first time using the heat of the gasification products. The waste liquid after boosting and preheating is input into the waste liquid preheating channel 1e. The concentration of solid particles in the organic waste liquid is 1-20%, and the particle size is less than 50 μm.

[0070] V. Power Generation Branch Circuit

[0071] The power generation branch includes a steam turbine 51, a generator 52, a condenser 53, and a carbon dioxide storage tank 54. The input end of the steam turbine 51 is connected to the top of the hydrothermal flame channel 1b, and the shaft of the steam turbine 51 is connected to the shaft of the generator 52. The output end of the steam turbine 51 is connected to the input end of the condenser 53, and the output end of the condenser 53 is connected to the input end of the carbon dioxide storage tank 54. The steam turbine 51 is used to receive the purified product (i.e., carbon dioxide) discharged from the hydrothermal flame channel 1b. The purified product enters the steam turbine 51 to do work, and the steam turbine 51 drives the generator 52 to generate electricity, which can be used for the power consumption of the entire system or output as electricity. The purified product after doing work is input into the condenser 53 for condensation, and then transported to the carbon dioxide storage tank 54 for storage.

[0072] VI. Waste Heat Recovery Branch Circuit

[0073] The waste heat recovery branch includes a first preheater 61, a second preheater 62, a steam generator 63, a back pressure valve 64, a gas-liquid separator 65, a cooling water tank 66, and a cooling water booster pump 67. The first preheater 61, the second preheater 62, the steam generator 63, the back pressure valve 64, and the gas-liquid separator 65 are connected sequentially. The input end of the first preheater 61 is connected to the top end of the gasification channel 1c. The first preheater 61 is used to preheat the fuel in the fuel branch using the heat from the gasification products. The second preheater 62 is used to preheat the waste liquid in the waste liquid branch using the heat of the gasification products. The output end of the cooling water tank 66 is connected to the steam generator 63 through the cooling water booster pump 67. The steam generator 63 is used to heat the cooling water using the heat of the gasification products to generate steam. The back pressure valve 64 is used to reduce the gas pressure of the cooled gasification products to atmospheric pressure. The gas-liquid separator 65 is used to separate the gasification products after depressurization to obtain hydrogen-rich fuel and residual liquid.

[0074] Furthermore, the liquid phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator 65 is connected to the fuel tank 41, and the resulting residual liquid is input into the fuel tank 41 to replenish the chemical energy of the fuel.

[0075] Working principle of the invention:

[0076] The oxygen branch pressurizes the oxygen and delivers it to the oxygen injection port 15. The fuel branch pressurizes the fuel and then uses the heat of the gasification products to preheat the fuel. The fuel is then heated to a preset temperature and then the pressurized and heated fuel is delivered to the fuel inlet 16. The fuel and oxygen form a hydrothermal flame in the lower part of the reactor 1 (i.e., the hydrothermal flame zone 1a). The high-temperature products of the hydrothermal flame are mainly water, oxygen and carbon dioxide.

[0077] The hydrothermal flame products rise into the hydrothermal flame channel, where the solids in the hydrothermal flame products are blocked by the inner conical baffle group. The gaseous products in the hydrothermal flame products continue to rise, and the carbon dioxide in the gaseous products is blocked by the membrane tube 2. After the carbon dioxide is concentrated in the hydrothermal flame channel, it is input into the power generation branch for power generation and to form a high-concentration carbon dioxide enrichment.

[0078] Most of the water and oxygen permeate into the membrane tube 2 and are input into the heat source channel 1d as a heat source to preheat the waste liquid in the waste liquid preheating channel 1e. After mixing with the waste liquid, the mixture enters the vaporization channel 1c. The mixture of waste liquid, water and oxygen is further heated by the hydrothermal flame to accelerate vaporization and obtain vaporization products. The outer conical baffle group blocks the incompletely vaporized products. The incompletely vaporized products fall from the discharge pipe 1131 into the bottom hydrothermal flame zone 1a under the action of gravity to replenish the energy of the hydrothermal flame.

[0079] The gasification products are discharged into the preheating and recovery branch, where the residual heat of the gasification products is used to preheat the fuel and waste liquid. After preheating, the remaining heat of the gasification products is used to generate steam for external output. After cooling, the gasification products are reduced to atmospheric pressure to obtain hydrogen-rich fuel and residual liquid. The residual liquid is added to fuel tank 41 to replenish fuel, and the hydrogen-rich fuel is collected and stored.

[0080] The above description provides examples of the preferred embodiments of the present invention. Parts not detailed herein are common knowledge to those skilled in the art. The scope of protection of the present invention is determined by the claims. Any equivalent modifications based on the technical teachings of the present invention are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A supercritical water hydrogen production system using a hydrothermal flame as an internal heat source, characterized in that, It includes a reactor (1), a waste liquid branch, an oxygen branch, a fuel branch, and a waste heat recovery branch; The lower part of the reactor (1) is a hydrothermal flame zone (1a), and the upper part is a channel zone. The channel zone includes a hydrothermal flame channel (1b), a vaporization channel (1c), a heat source channel (1d), and a waste liquid preheating channel (1e) from the inside to the outside. The bottom end of the hydrothermal flame channel (1b) is connected to the hydrothermal flame zone (1a). A membrane tube (2) for blocking carbon dioxide is provided inside the hydrothermal flame channel (1b). The top end of the membrane tube (2) is connected to the top end of the heat source channel (1d). The bottom ends of the vaporization channel (1c), the heat source channel (1d), and the waste liquid preheating channel (1e) are all connected to the hydrothermal flame zone (1a), and an airlock mechanism is provided at the connection. The output ends of the oxygen branch and the fuel branch are both connected to the bottom end of the hydrothermal flame zone (1a). The oxygen branch and the fuel branch are used to supply oxygen and fuel to the hydrothermal flame zone (1a), respectively. The output end of the waste liquid branch is connected to the top of the waste liquid preheating channel (1e), and the waste liquid branch is used to input waste liquid into the waste liquid preheating channel (1e); The top of the gasification channel (1c) is connected to the waste heat recovery branch. The waste heat recovery branch is used to preheat the fuel and waste liquid using the heat of the gasification products. After preheating, the gasification products are separated into gas and liquid to obtain hydrogen-rich fuel.

2. The supercritical water hydrogen production system using a hydrothermal flame as an internal heat source according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reactor (1) is provided with a central shell (11) inside. The central shell (11) includes a cylindrical section (111) and a conical section (112) arranged sequentially from top to bottom. A first inner shell (12) and a second inner shell (13) are arranged on the outside of the cylindrical section (111). The first inner shell (12) and the second inner shell (13) cover the outside of the cylindrical section (111) from the inside to the outside. The lower part of the conical section (112) is the hydrothermal flame zone (1a). The inner part of the cylindrical section (111) is the hydrothermal flame channel (1b). The gap between the cylindrical section (111) and the first inner shell (12) is the gasification channel (1c). The gap between the first inner shell (12) and the second inner shell (13) is the heat source channel (1d). The gap between the second inner shell (13) and the inner wall of the reactor (1) is the waste liquid preheating channel (1e).

3. The supercritical water hydrogen production system using a hydrothermal flame as an internal heat source according to claim 2, characterized in that, The bottom end of the conical section (112) is connected to the inner wall of the reactor (1) through a horizontal ring (113). The horizontal ring (113) is provided with a plurality of discharge pipes (1131). An airlock mechanism is provided inside the discharge pipe (1131). The airlock mechanism includes a movable baffle (1132) and a boss (1133) provided on the inner wall of the discharge pipe (1131).

4. The supercritical water hydrogen production system using a hydrothermal flame as an internal heat source according to claim 1, characterized in that, An inner conical baffle assembly is provided inside the hydrothermal flame channel (1b). The inner conical baffle assembly is located below the membrane tube (2). The inner conical baffle assembly is used to block solid products in the hydrothermal flame products. The inner conical baffle assembly includes a first upper conical baffle (141) and a first lower conical baffle (142) arranged sequentially from top to bottom. An outer conical baffle assembly is provided in the gasification channel (1c). The outer conical baffle assembly is used to block solid and liquid products in the gasification products. The outer conical baffle assembly includes a second upper conical baffle (143) and a second lower conical baffle (144) arranged sequentially from top to bottom.

5. The supercritical water hydrogen production system using a hydrothermal flame as an internal heat source according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the reactor (1) is provided with a slag outlet (17) that communicates with the hydrothermal flame zone (1a).

6. The supercritical water hydrogen production system using a hydrothermal flame as an internal heat source according to claim 1, characterized in that, The oxygen branch includes an oxygen tank (31) and an oxygen booster pump (32). The input end of the oxygen booster pump (32) is connected to the output end of the oxygen tank (31). The bottom of the reactor (1) is provided with an oxygen injection port (15) that communicates with the hydrothermal flame zone (1a). The output end of the oxygen booster pump (32) is connected to the oxygen injection port (15).

7. The supercritical water hydrogen production system using a hydrothermal flame as an internal heat source according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fuel branch includes a fuel tank (41), a fuel booster pump (42), and a heater (43). The input end of the fuel booster pump (42) is connected to the output end of the fuel tank (41), and the output end of the fuel booster pump (42) is connected to the input end of the heater (43). The bottom of the reactor (1) is provided with a fuel inlet (16) communicating with the hydrothermal flame zone (1a), and the output end of the heater (43) is connected to the fuel inlet (16).

8. The supercritical water hydrogen production system using a hydrothermal flame as an internal heat source according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a power generation branch, the top of which is connected to the hydrothermal flame channel (1b). The power generation branch includes a steam turbine (51), a generator (52), a condenser (53), and a carbon dioxide storage tank (54). The input end of the steam turbine (51) is connected to the top of the hydrothermal flame channel (1b), the shaft of the steam turbine (51) is connected to the shaft of the generator (52), the output end of the steam turbine (51) is connected to the input end of the condenser (53), and the output end of the condenser (53) is connected to the input end of the carbon dioxide storage tank (54).

9. The supercritical water hydrogen production system using a hydrothermal flame as an internal heat source according to claim 1, characterized in that, The waste heat recovery branch includes a first preheater (61), a second preheater (62), a steam generator (63), a back pressure valve (64), a gas-liquid separator (65), a cooling water tank (66), and a cooling water booster pump (67). The first preheater (61), the second preheater (62), the steam generator (63), the back pressure valve (64), and the gas-liquid separator (65) are connected in sequence. The input end of the first preheater (61) is connected to the top end of the gasification channel (1c). The first preheater (61) is used to utilize the heat of the gasification products to power the fuel branch. The fuel in the process is preheated. The second preheater (62) is used to heat the waste liquid in the waste liquid branch by using the heat of the gasification products. The output end of the cooling water tank (66) is connected to the steam generator (63) through the cooling water booster pump (67). The steam generator (63) is used to heat the cooling water by using the heat of the gasification products to generate steam. The back pressure valve (64) is used to reduce the gas pressure of the cooled gasification products to atmospheric pressure. The gas-liquid separator (65) is used to separate the gasification products after depressurization to obtain hydrogen-rich fuel and residual liquid.

10. The supercritical water hydrogen production system using a hydrothermal flame as an internal heat source according to claim 1, characterized in that, The waste liquid branch includes a waste liquid tank (71) and a waste liquid booster pump (72). The input end of the waste liquid booster pump (72) is connected to the output end of the waste liquid tank (71), and the output end of the waste liquid booster pump (72) is connected to the top of the waste liquid preheating channel (1e).

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