Titanium dioxide-based single-atom alloy catalyst and its preparation method and application

Abstract

Titanium dioxide-based single-atom alloy catalysts and their preparation methods and applications relate to the field of catalyst technology. The aforementioned titanium dioxide-based single-atom alloy catalysts are composed of titanium dioxide nanowires doped with multiple heterogeneous atoms as carriers to load multiple noble metal single atoms, the heterogeneous atoms include N, S, and P, and the noble metal single atoms include Pt single atoms and Ru single atoms. The present invention creatively uses titanium dioxide nanowires doped with multiple heterogeneous atoms as carriers to load multiple noble metal single atoms, and for the first time prepares single-atom alloy catalysts on multinary doped titanium dioxide nanowire carriers, wherein the noble metal alloy can be multinary coordinated with the doping atoms so that the loading amount can reach 5 wt%, which can greatly improve its catalytic performance. Moreover, the catalyst of the present invention can catalytically oxidize CO at room temperature, and will have broad application prospects and great potential in the fields of automobile exhaust treatment, power plant exhaust treatment, etc.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of catalysts, and in particular to a titanium dioxide-based single-atom alloy catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the continued consumption of fossil fuels and growing energy demand, air pollution has become a pressing problem that needs to be addressed. Efficiently treating air pollutants remains a major challenge. Among the many solutions, using high-efficiency catalysts to treat combustion exhaust pollutants is a simple and powerful approach, widely used in areas such as automotive exhaust treatment, indoor cleaning, and sensors.

[0003] In the process of catalytic purification of exhaust gas pollutants, catalysts are the key to the catalytic process. Photocatalysts are often used to treat combustion exhaust gases, and many volatile inorganic pollutants such as CO, NO x The photocatalytic oxidation reaction can be carried out on the surface of photocatalysts. However, among the many pollutants, CO is a byproduct of the photocatalytic oxidation reaction of many organic compounds. CO is also the component with the largest emission volume among all pollutants. Therefore, the purification and elimination of CO is urgent. If an efficient CO oxidation catalyst can be developed, it will have great development potential and prospects. Summary of the Invention

[0004] One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a catalyst having high-efficiency catalytic performance for the oxidation of CO.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a titanium dioxide-based single-atom alloy catalyst is composed of titanium dioxide nanowires doped with multiple heterogeneous atoms as a carrier to load multiple precious metal single atoms, wherein the heterogeneous atoms include N, S, and P, and the precious metal single atoms include Pt single atoms and Ru single atoms.

[0006] In addition, the present invention also relates to a method for preparing the above-mentioned titanium dioxide-based single-atom alloy catalyst, which comprises the following steps:

[0007] The titanium dioxide nanowire carrier and a compound containing sulfur and nitrogen elements are mixed, ball-milled, freeze-dried, and then a phosphorus source is added. The mixture is then calcined at high temperature under inert gas conditions to obtain a titanium dioxide nanowire carrier doped with N, S, and P ternary heterogeneous atoms;

[0008] The titanium dioxide-based single atom alloy catalyst is obtained by sequentially depositing Pt single atoms and Ru single atoms on the titanium dioxide nanowire support doped with ternary heterogeneous atoms.

[0009] In addition to the above steps, the method may further include the step of preparing a titanium dioxide nanowire carrier: adding titanium dioxide P25 nanoparticles to a sodium hydroxide solution, hydrothermally synthesizing titanium dioxide nanowires at a temperature of 180-200 degrees for 12-24 hours, and centrifuging and drying the resulting product to obtain a titanium dioxide nanowire carrier.

[0010] Wherein, every 1-3 g of titanium dioxide P25 nanoparticles corresponds to 110-130 mL of sodium hydroxide solution, and the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 5-10M.

[0011] Preferably, every 1-3 g of titanium dioxide P25 nanoparticles corresponds to 120 mL of sodium hydroxide solution.

[0012] Furthermore, every 1 g of titanium dioxide P25 nanoparticles corresponds to 120 mL of sodium hydroxide solution.

[0013] The mass ratio of the sulfur- and nitrogen-containing compound to the titanium dioxide nanowire carrier is 1:10-1:5.

[0014] Preferably, the mass ratio of the compound containing sulfur and nitrogen elements to the titanium dioxide nanowire carrier is 1:5.

[0015] Wherein, the mass ratio of the phosphorus source to the titanium dioxide nanowire carrier is 1:10-1:2.

[0016] Preferably, the mass ratio of the phosphorus source to the titanium dioxide nanowire carrier is 1:2.

[0017] The inert gas is argon, the calcination temperature is 500 degrees, and the calcination time is 2-4 hours.

[0018] The steps of sequentially depositing Pt single atoms and Ru single atoms on the ternary heterogeneous atom-doped titanium dioxide nanowire support include:

[0019] An organic platinum source was deposited on a ternary heteroatom-doped titanium dioxide nanowire support using an atomic layer deposition apparatus, and Pt single atoms were obtained by regulating the exposure time and temperature.

[0020] Then, a ruthenium source precursor is used to selectively deposit Ru single atoms on Pt single atoms.

[0021] The molar ratio of the organic platinum source to the ruthenium source is 1:1.

[0022] Wherein, the organic platinum source is platinum diacetylacetonate, the molar amount of the organic platinum source is 0.05 mol, the ruthenium source is one of bis(ethylcyclopentadienyl)ruthenium and tetra(cyclopentadienyl)ruthenium perruthenate, and the molar amount of the ruthenium source is 0.05 mol.

[0023] The deposition pressure of the atomic layer deposition instrument is 0.4-0.6 MPa, the temperature is 200 degrees, and the exposure time is 1000 ms.

[0024] Finally, the present invention also relates to the use of the titanium dioxide-based single-atom alloy catalyst as a carbon monoxide catalyst.

[0025] This invention innovatively uses titanium dioxide nanowires doped with multiple heterogeneous atoms (N, S, P) as supports to load multiple noble metal single atoms (Pt, Ru). This also demonstrates the first preparation of a single-atom alloy catalyst on a multi-doped titanium dioxide nanowire support. The noble metal alloy can be multiply coordinated with the dopant atoms, enabling a loading of up to 5 wt%, significantly enhancing catalytic performance. Furthermore, this catalyst can catalyze the oxidation of CO at room temperature, demonstrating broad application prospects and significant potential in areas such as automotive exhaust treatment and power plant exhaust treatment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the CO oxidation reaction catalytic performance evaluation device;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a spherical aberration electron microscope image of the single-atom Pt-Ru alloy catalyst obtained in Example;

[0028] Figure 3 This is the catalytic performance diagram of CO oxidation reaction.

[0029] In the picture:

[0030] 1——Glass reaction tube 2——Tube resistance furnace

[0031] 3——Mass flow meter 4——Gas cylinder

[0032] 5——Exhaust gas treatment box 6——Heating device

[0033] 7——Six-way valve 8——Gas chromatograph. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] To facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art, the present invention is further described below with reference to the examples, which are not intended to limit the present invention. It should be noted in advance that the following examples were performed in the laboratory, and those skilled in the art should understand that the amounts of the components given in the examples merely represent the ratios between the components, and are not intended to be specific limitations.

[0035] In the process of catalytic purification of exhaust gas pollutants, catalysts are the key to the catalytic process.

[0036] As a common heterogeneous catalyst, TiO2 nanomaterials have the advantages of being non-toxic, green, low-cost and highly chemically stable. They can be used in catalytic combustion of exhaust gas and many volatile inorganic pollutants such as CO, NO x The catalytic oxidation reaction can be carried out on the surface of TiO2 catalysts. Currently, catalysts used for the catalytic oxidation of CO mainly include precious metals, single metal oxides, nanocomposites, and bimetallic oxides. Among them, TiO2-based precious metal catalysts are often used in various industrial catalytic reactions due to their good activity in low-temperature environments.

[0037] Single-atom catalysts are a new type of catalytic system with the following advantages: (1) They have unique structures and properties, maximize atomic utilization efficiency, and can reduce the cost of catalyst preparation materials; (2) Compared with current nanocatalysts, they significantly improve reaction activity and selectivity and reduce adverse reactions; (3) They have the advantages of easy separation and recycling of heterogeneous catalysts and highly uniform active centers and adjustable coordination environment of homogeneous catalysts. Due to their unique electronic structure and size effect, single-atom catalysts have shown superior performance compared to traditional catalysts in heterogeneous catalysis, photoelectrocatalysis, and energy storage and conversion. In addition, single-atom catalysts have ultra-high hydrogen production activity in methanol-to-hydrogen catalytic systems, and do not require alkaline solutions as additives. The atomically dispersed metal centers are completely exposed on the surface, maximizing the active site density and greatly improving the efficiency of the catalyst.

[0038] Supported catalysts are a common type of catalyst, where the interfacial interactions between the metal species and the support are crucial for their catalytic activity. Researchers have long recognized that treating catalysts in a reducing atmosphere generates a unique interaction between the support and metal nanoparticles. These interfacial interactions can produce a variety of effects, such as partial masking of the metal surface, overgrowth and redox reactions on the metal surface, the formation of specific contact zones, and enhanced catalytic performance or metal dispersion. For catalytic reactions, the interfacial interactions between the metal active sites and the support can directly influence catalyst performance. High-surface-area supports are often chosen to fully expose the active sites and allow them to participate in the reaction, resulting in highly active single-atom catalysts. More importantly, the strong metal-support interactions in single-atom catalysts can shift the d-band center of the metal active sites and effectively stabilize the metal on the support, significantly overcoming the problem of metal agglomeration. Therefore, the development of high-surface-area supports with strong interactions with single atoms is of great significance for the synthesis of highly active and stable single-atom catalysts.

[0039] In order to fix the metal atomic sites, the doped heteroatoms can provide defect sites or heteroatom sites on the support material as metal coordination sites. However, the steps of capturing single metal atoms using support defect sites are cumbersome and time-consuming, while the heteroatom doping process is relatively simple. Heteroatom doping can not only serve as the coordination center of metal atoms with high stability, but also can adjust the electronic structure of metal atoms by selecting heteroatoms with different atomic radii and electronegativity. Therefore, heteroatom doping is the most widely studied method for regulating single-atom catalyst supports. In this way, using heteroatom-doped titanium dioxide supports and capturing two single-atom noble metals on this basis is an effective way to improve catalyst activity and has good prospects.

[0040] Based on this, the present invention adopts a special preparation method, first adopts a hydrothermal method to prepare a titanium dioxide nanowire carrier, then adopts a variety of heterogeneous atom doping to prepare the carrier, and finally prepares a multi-coordinated single-atom alloy catalyst through a two-step atomic layer deposition method, and finally prepares a new catalyst with high-efficiency oxidation catalytic performance, which effectively improves the catalytic performance.

[0041] The details are as follows.

[0042] 1. Preparation of titanium dioxide-based single-atom alloy catalysts.

[0043] 1. 1-3 g (1 g in this example) of titanium dioxide P25 nanoparticles were hydrothermally heated in 110-130 mL of 5-10 M sodium hydroxide solution (120 mL of 10 M sodium hydroxide solution) for 12-24 hours (12 hours in this example) to synthesize titanium dioxide nanowires. The solution was centrifuged three times with deionized water and then dried at 60 degrees Celsius for later use.

[0044] 2. Based on the prepared titanium dioxide nanowire carrier, a compound containing sulfur and nitrogen elements (thiourea (CH4N2S) is selected in this example) is blended with the titanium dioxide nanowire carrier. The mass ratio of thiourea to the titanium dioxide nanowire carrier is 1:10-1:5 (the mass ratio selected in this example is 1:5, wherein thiourea (CH4N2S) is 0.1g and the titanium dioxide nanowire carrier is 0.5g). The mixture is placed in a ball mill and ball-milled for 2 hours. The powder blended with thiourea is obtained by freeze-drying. Subsequently, a phosphorus source (such as sodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, triphenyl phosphine, etc., sodium hydrogen phosphate is selected as the phosphorus source in this embodiment) is added to the titanium dioxide nanowire carrier powder blended with thiourea, and the mass ratio of the phosphorus source to the titanium dioxide nanowire carrier powder is 1:10-1:2 (the mass ratio is 1:2 in this embodiment, and the mass of the phosphorus source (sodium hydrogen phosphate) is 0.25 g). The titanium dioxide nanowire carrier doped with N, S, and P ternary heteroatom is obtained by high-temperature calcination under inert gas (argon in this embodiment). The calcination temperature is 500 degrees and the calcination time is 2-4 hours (4 hours is selected in this embodiment).

[0045] 3. A multinary coordination single-atom alloy catalyst was prepared using a two-step atomic layer deposition method. 0.05 mol of an organic platinum source (such as platinum diacetylacetonate, used in this example) was deposited onto a doped titanium dioxide nanowire support using an atomic layer deposition (ALD) instrument. The deposition pressure was 0.4-0.6 MPa (0.6 MPa was used in this example), the temperature was 200°C, and the exposure time was 1000 ms to obtain single Pt atoms. Subsequently, 0.05 mol of a ruthenium source (such as bis(cyclopentadienyl)ruthenium, tetradecanoyl perruthenate, bis(cyclopentadienyl)ruthenium, used in this example) as a precursor was used to selectively deposit Ru atoms onto the Pt atoms, thereby synthesizing a titanium dioxide nanowire-supported multinary coordination single-atom Pt-Ru alloy catalyst.

[0046] The spherical aberration electron microscope image of the single-atom Pt-Ru alloy catalyst obtained in this example can be found in Figure 2 .

[0047] 2. Activity detection of catalyst for catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide.

[0048] Use Figure 1The self-made CO oxidation reaction catalytic performance evaluation device shown in the figure tests the activity of a catalyst in catalytically oxidizing carbon monoxide. As shown in the figure, the CO oxidation reaction catalytic performance evaluation device consists of a glass reaction tube 1, a tubular resistance furnace 2, a mass flowmeter 3, a gas cylinder 4, an exhaust gas treatment box 5, a heating device 6, a six-way valve 7, and a gas chromatograph 8. The glass reaction tube 1 is placed within the tubular resistance furnace 2. One end of the glass reaction tube 1 is connected to the gas cylinder 4, and the other end is connected in sequence to the mass flowmeter 3 and the six-way valve 7. The six-way valve 7 is connected to the gas chromatograph 8 and the exhaust gas treatment box 5, respectively. The exhaust gas treatment box 5 is equipped with a heating device 6. The glass reaction tube 1 was provided by Xiamen University Glass Factory and had a specification of φ8*1 mm. The tubular resistance furnace 2 was provided by Hefei Kejing Materials Technology Co., Ltd. and was model GWL1600A. The mass flowmeter 3 was provided by Beijing Qixing Huachuang Electronics Co., Ltd. and was model D07-7B. The gas cylinder 4 was provided by Hangzhou Jingong Gas Factory and had a volume of 40 L. The exhaust gas treatment device, including the exhaust gas treatment box 5 and the internal heating device 6, was provided by Yichang Jiyuan Environmental Protection Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd. and was model DOC50. The six-way valve 7 was purchased from a hardware store and had a diameter of 10.5 mm. The gas chromatograph 8 was provided by Hangzhou Kexiao Technology Co., Ltd. and was model GC1690. The chromatographic operating conditions were: carrier gas column pressure (Ar): 0.1 MPa, chromatographic column: 5A, column length: 3 m, column temperature: 90°C, and bridge flow: 70 mA. Gas cylinder 4 contains a mixture of CO, O₂, and N₂. Gas chromatograph 8 measures the peak areas of O₂, N₂, and CO, and calculates the CO conversion rate. This process is repeated until the CO peak disappears, indicating that the CO conversion rate has reached 100%. The timer begins and continues until the CO peak reappears. The catalyst activity duration is then calculated to evaluate the catalyst's catalytic activity for carbon monoxide.

[0049] The catalyst activity test process in this embodiment is as follows: 0.1g of the prepared catalyst is placed in a glass reaction tube and introduced into a mixed gas with a volume ratio of CO:O2:N2 of 1:1:98. The mixed gas is first passed through the tube for 5 minutes to evacuate the air. The gas flow rate is then precisely adjusted to 6mL / min using a mass flowmeter, and the temperature of the tubular resistance furnace is set to 2°C / min. A sample is taken every 2.5 minutes for analysis of the O2, N2, and CO peaks. During sampling, a six-way valve is connected to the gas chromatograph inlet, and the chromatograph collects 2mL of the reaction mixture. After collection, the valve connecting the chromatograph inlet is closed, and the collected sample is analyzed by a gas chromatograph equipped with a 5A column (TCD detector). The peak area data of O2, N2, and CO are then analyzed to calculate the CO conversion rate. This process is repeated. When the CO peak disappears, indicating that the CO conversion rate has reached 100%, the timing is started and the CO peak is reappeared, and the duration of the catalyst activity is calculated. After the test is completed, the remaining gas is connected to the exhaust gas treatment device through a six-way valve, and CO is converted into CO2 through a heating device.

[0050] After testing, it was found that the multi-coordinated single-atom Pt-Ru alloy catalyst (titanium dioxide-based single-atom alloy catalyst) prepared in this example can completely convert CO into CO2 at room temperature (25°C).

[0051] Comparative Example 1

[0052] 1. Preparation of multi-coordinated single-atom Pt catalysts.

[0053] 1. 1g of titanium dioxide P25 nanoparticles was placed in 120 mL of 10M sodium hydroxide solution and hydrothermaled for a period of time to synthesize titanium dioxide nanowires. The hydrothermal temperature was 180 degrees and the time was 12 hours. The product was centrifuged three times with deionized water and then dried at 60 degrees for later use.

[0054] 2. Based on the prepared titanium dioxide nanowire support, 0.1g of thiourea (CH4N2S), a compound containing sulfur and nitrogen, was blended with 0.5g of the titanium dioxide nanowire support. The mixture was ball-milled for 2 hours and freeze-dried to obtain a powder blended with thiourea. A phosphorus source (0.25g of sodium hydrogen phosphate) was then added to the titanium dioxide nanowire support powder blended with thiourea. The mixture was then calcined at 500°C for 4 hours under an inert atmosphere (argon) to obtain the titanium dioxide nanowire support doped with nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus atoms.

[0055] 3. 0.05 mol of an organic platinum source (platinum diacetylacetonate) was deposited onto the doped titanium dioxide nanowire support via atomic layer deposition (ALD) at a pressure of 0.6 MPa, a temperature of 200°C, and an exposure time of 1000 ms to obtain single Pt atoms. This represents the synthesis of a titanium dioxide nanowire-supported multi-coordinated single-atom Pt catalyst.

[0056] 2. Activity detection of catalyst for catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide.

[0057] The equipment and method used in this comparative example to detect the activity of the catalyst in catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide are the same as those in the embodiment and will not be described in detail here.

[0058] After testing, it was found that the multi-coordinated single-atom Pt catalyst prepared in this comparative example can completely convert CO into CO2 at 90 degrees.

[0059] Based on the difference in the test results between this comparative example and the embodiment, it can be inferred that the formation of single-atom alloys can greatly improve the catalytic performance.

[0060] Comparative Example 2

[0061] 1. Preparation of single-atom Pt-Ru alloy catalyst without heterogeneous atom coordination.

[0062] 1. 1g of titanium dioxide P25 nanoparticles was placed in 120 mL of 10M sodium hydroxide solution and hydrothermaled for a period of time to synthesize titanium dioxide nanowires. The hydrothermal temperature was 180 degrees and the time was 12 hours. The product was centrifuged three times with deionized water and then dried at 60 degrees for later use.

[0063] 2. 0.05 mol of an organic platinum source (platinum diacetylacetonate) was deposited onto a titanium dioxide nanowire support via atomic layer deposition (ALD) at a pressure of 0.6 MPa, a temperature of 200°C, and an exposure time of 1000 ms to obtain single Pt atoms. Ru atoms were then selectively deposited onto the Pt atoms using 0.05 mol of a bis(ethylcyclopentadienylruthenium) precursor, resulting in a titanium dioxide nanowire-supported single-atom Pt-Ru alloy catalyst free of heterogeneous atomic coordination.

[0064] 2. Activity detection of catalyst for catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide.

[0065] The equipment and method used in this comparative example to detect the activity of the catalyst in catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide are the same as those in the embodiment and will not be described in detail here.

[0066] After testing, it was found that the single-atom Pt-Ru alloy catalyst without heterogeneous atom coordination prepared in this comparative example completely converted CO into CO2 at 150 degrees.

[0067] Based on the difference in the test results between this comparative example and the example, it can be inferred that heteroatom doping can increase the precious metal loading and thus improve the catalytic performance.

[0068] From the above test results and combined Figure 3 It can be seen that when the catalyst prepared by the present invention is used for catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide, under the condition of CO:O2=1:1, the conversion rate can reach 100% at room temperature (25°C), and the catalytic effect is far better than other comparative examples.

[0069] Compared with the prior art, the present invention prepares titanium dioxide-based single-atom alloy catalysts by first using a hydrothermal method to prepare titanium dioxide nanowire supports, then doping with multiple heterogeneous atoms to prepare the supports, and finally preparing the multinary coordinated single-atom alloy catalysts via a two-step atomic layer deposition method. This is the first time that a single-atom alloy catalyst has been prepared on a multinary doped titanium dioxide nanowire support. The noble metal alloy can be multinarily coordinated with the doping atoms, with a loading of up to 5 wt%, significantly enhancing its catalytic performance. Furthermore, the catalyst of the present invention can catalyze the oxidation of CO at room temperature, and has broad application prospects and great potential in areas such as automotive exhaust treatment, power plant exhaust treatment, indoor cleaning, and sensors.

[0070] The above embodiments are preferred implementation schemes of the present invention. In addition, the present invention can also be implemented in other ways. Any obvious replacement without departing from the concept of the present technical solution is within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0071] Finally, it should be emphasized that in order to make it easier for those skilled in the art to understand the improvements of the present invention over the prior art, some descriptions of the present invention have been simplified, and for the sake of clarity, some other elements have been omitted in this application document. Those skilled in the art should realize that these omitted elements may also constitute the content of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a titanium dioxide-based single-atom alloy catalyst for catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Titanium dioxide P25 nanoparticles are added to a sodium hydroxide solution and hydrothermally treated at a temperature of 180-200 degrees for 12-24 hours to synthesize titanium dioxide nanowires. The resulting product is centrifuged and dried to obtain a titanium dioxide nanowire carrier; The titanium dioxide nanowire carrier and a compound containing sulfur and nitrogen elements are mixed, ball-milled, freeze-dried, and then a phosphorus source is added. The mixture is then calcined at high temperature under inert gas conditions to obtain a titanium dioxide nanowire carrier doped with N, S, and P ternary heterogeneous atoms; Single Pt atoms and single Ru atoms were sequentially deposited on the ternary heterogeneous atom-doped titanium dioxide nanowire support to obtain a titanium dioxide-based single atom alloy catalyst. The titanium dioxide-based single-atom alloy catalyst is composed of titanium dioxide nanowires doped with multiple heterogeneous atoms as a carrier to load multiple noble metal single atoms. The heterogeneous atoms include N, S, and P, and the noble metal single atoms include Pt single atoms and Ru single atoms.

2. The method for preparing a titanium dioxide-based single-atom alloy catalyst according to claim 1, wherein: Every 1-3 g of titanium dioxide P25 nanoparticles corresponds to 110-130 mL of sodium hydroxide solution, and the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 5-10M.

3. The method for preparing a titanium dioxide-based single-atom alloy catalyst according to claim 1, wherein: The mass ratio of the compound containing sulfur and nitrogen elements to the titanium dioxide nanowire carrier is 1:(5-10).

4. The method for preparing a titanium dioxide-based single-atom alloy catalyst according to claim 1, wherein: The mass ratio of the phosphorus source to the titanium dioxide nanowire carrier is 1:(2-10).

5. The method for preparing a titanium dioxide-based single-atom alloy catalyst according to claim 1, wherein: The inert gas is argon, the calcination temperature is 500 degrees, and the calcination time is 2-4 hours.

6. The method for preparing a titanium dioxide-based single-atom alloy catalyst according to claim 1, wherein: The steps of sequentially depositing Pt single atoms and Ru single atoms on the ternary heterogeneous atom-doped titanium dioxide nanowire support include: An organic platinum source was deposited on a ternary heteroatom-doped titanium dioxide nanowire support using an atomic layer deposition apparatus, and Pt single atoms were obtained by regulating the exposure time and temperature. Then, a ruthenium source precursor is used to selectively deposit Ru single atoms on Pt single atoms.

7. The method for preparing a titanium dioxide-based single-atom alloy catalyst according to claim 6, characterized in that: The molar ratio of the organic platinum source to the ruthenium source is 1:1, the deposition pressure of the atomic layer deposition apparatus is 0.4-0.6 MPa, the temperature is 200 degrees, and the exposure time is 1000 ms.

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