Fermented paper mulberry feed for improving growth performance and meat quality of taihe black-bone chickens and application thereof

Abstract

The application discloses fermented broussonetia papyrifera feed for improving growth performance and meat quality of Taihe black-bone chickens and application thereof. The feed is prepared through the following steps: (1) preparation of fermented broussonetia papyrifera, which is prepared by fermenting broussonetia papyrifera, lactic acid bacteria and yeast at room temperature for 21 days; (2) customization of fermented broussonetia papyrifera feed formula, wherein rice bran in a daily ration of Taihe black-bone chickens in a growing period is replaced by an equal amount of fermented broussonetia papyrifera, and the replacement amount accounts for 4% of the total weight of the daily ration; and (3) preparation of fermented broussonetia papyrifera feed. Compared with a control group, when the fermented broussonetia papyrifera accounts for 4% of the total weight of the daily ration, the growth performance, apparent metabolic rate of nutrients and meat quality of Taihe black-bone chickens in the growing period can be effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of animal feed technology, specifically relating to fermented mulberry feed for improving the growth performance and meat quality of Taihe black-bone chickens during the rearing period, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Taihe Black-boned Chicken, originating from Taihe County, Ji'an City, Jiangxi Province, is a multi-purpose breed used for meat, eggs, medicine, and ornamental purposes, and is a Chinese National Geographical Indication Product. Its muscle contains higher levels of iron, copper, chromium, and selenium than broiler chickens, while its crude fat and total cholesterol content are significantly lower, making long-term consumption beneficial to health. However, Taihe Black-boned Chicken farming faces several challenges. First, its long growth cycle, requiring approximately 90 days to reach the appropriate slaughter weight, results in high farming costs. Second, the current lack of standardized feed standards for the growing period of Taihe Black-boned Chicken leads to low feed conversion rates, impacting the economic benefits of farming.

[0003] Paper mulberry, also known as milk tree, is a widely used unconventional feed ingredient in livestock farming, thanks to its high crude protein content. Studies have found that wild paper mulberry has a crude protein content of approximately 16%-24%, while selected hybrid paper mulberry can reach up to 26.1%. Furthermore, paper mulberry grows rapidly and has a short planting cycle, offering advantages such as low investment, high returns, and a short payback period. However, as a woody feed ingredient, paper mulberry contains a large amount of tannins and crude fiber, resulting in poor palatability and severely impacting feed intake and nutrient digestion and absorption in monogastric animals. Using bio-fermentation technology to produce fermented paper mulberry helps solve these problems and improves its palatability and nutritional value.

[0004] There are few reports on the application of fermented paper mulberry in the feed of Taihe black-bone chickens during the rearing period. Therefore, this invention is of great significance in the development of Taihe black-bone chicken feed standards and in solving the problem of high overall breeding costs in the Taihe black-bone chicken industry. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a fermented mulberry feed for improving the growth performance and meat quality of Taihe black-bone chickens, and its application.

[0006] The technical solution of this invention is as follows:

[0007] A fermented feed for improving the growth performance and meat quality of Taihe black-bone chickens during the rearing period is prepared by the following steps:

[0008] (1) Preparation of fermented paper mulberry

[0009] Select 1.2-meter-tall paper mulberry trees, first crush them with a shredder, then pulverize them with a fine crusher, and then mix them with a mixer. During the mixing process, add lactic acid bacteria liquid and yeast liquid through a high-pressure sprayer. The lactic acid bacteria liquid and yeast liquid account for 1%-3% of the mass of the mixture. After stirring thoroughly for 10 minutes, seal the mixture in a vacuum bag with a breathable cap and ferment it at room temperature for 21 days to produce fermented paper mulberry.

[0010] (2) Customization of fermented paper mulberry feed formulation

[0011] The weight percentage composition of the diet for Taihe black-bone chickens during the growing period was as follows: corn 31.031%, soybean meal 16.698%, extruded soybeans 10.8%, broken rice 30%, fine limestone powder 1.35%, rice bran 8%, dicalcium phosphate 1%, sodium chloride 0.35%, premix 0.6%, DL-methionine 0.106%, L-lysine phosphate 0.05%, and enzyme preparation 0.015%. Fermented mulberry tree bark replaced 4% of the rice bran in the diet for Taihe black-bone chickens during the growing period.

[0012] (3) Preparation of fermented paper mulberry feed

[0013] First, weigh out the fermented paper mulberry according to the specified amount, then crush it with a grinder and set it aside. Next, weigh out the raw materials: fine stone powder, dicalcium phosphate, sodium chloride, L-lysine phosphate, DL-methionine, enzyme preparation, and premix, put them in bags, mix them well, and set them aside. Then, weigh out the other raw materials and pour them into a mixer. Finally, pour all the raw materials into the mixer and mix them well.

[0014] The application of the fermented paper mulberry feed is used to improve the growth performance and meat quality of Taihe black-bone chickens during the rearing period, replacing rice bran in the daily diet of Taihe black-bone chickens with an equal amount of 4% fermented paper mulberry.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0016] This invention uses fermented mulberry leaves to replace part of the rice bran in traditional corn-soybean meal feeds, reducing feed production costs and effectively addressing the current problem of high overall breeding costs in the Taihe black-boned chicken industry. Simultaneously, fermented mulberry leaves are rich in natural compounds and probiotics, which are beneficial for improving the growth performance, apparent metabolic rate of nutrients, and meat quality of Taihe black-boned chickens during the rearing period. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments.

[0018] Example 1: A method for preparing fermented paper mulberry

[0019] Select 1.2-meter-tall paper mulberry trees, first crush them using a shredder, then pulverize them using a fine crusher, and then mix them evenly using a mixer. During the mixing process, add lactic acid bacteria liquid and yeast liquid using a high-pressure sprayer. The lactic acid bacteria liquid and yeast liquid account for 1%-3% of the mass of the mixture. After stirring thoroughly for 10 minutes, seal the mixture in a vacuum bag with a breathable cap and ferment it at room temperature for 21 days to produce fermented paper mulberry.

[0020] Example 2: A method for preparing feed for Taihe black-boned chickens during the growing period by replacing rice bran with 2% fermented mulberry leaves in equal amounts.

[0021] The improved formula for raising Taihe black-boned chicken during the growing period according to this invention is as follows:

[0022] The feed composition is as follows: corn 31.031%, soybean meal 16.698%, extruded soybeans 10.8%, broken rice 30%, fine limestone powder 1.35%, rice bran 6%, fermented mulberry 2%, dicalcium phosphate 1%, sodium chloride 0.35%, premix 0.6%, DL-methionine 0.106%, L-lysine phosphate 0.05%, and enzyme preparation 0.015%. These ingredients are placed in a mixer and thoroughly mixed to obtain a feed for growing Taihe black-boned chickens with a fermented mulberry 2% content.

[0023] Example 3: A method for preparing feed for Taihe black-boned chickens during the growing period by replacing rice bran with 4% fermented mulberry tree bark.

[0024] The improved formula for raising Taihe black-boned chicken during the growing period according to this invention is as follows:

[0025] The feed composition is as follows: corn 31.031%, soybean meal 16.698%, extruded soybeans 10.8%, broken rice 30%, fine limestone powder 1.35%, rice bran 4%, fermented mulberry 4%, dicalcium phosphate 1%, sodium chloride 0.35%, premix 0.6%, DL-methionine 0.106%, L-lysine phosphate 0.05%, and enzyme preparation 0.015%. These ingredients are placed in a mixer and thoroughly mixed to obtain a feed for growing Taihe black-boned chickens with a fermented mulberry 4% content.

[0026] Example 4: A method for preparing feed for Taihe black-boned chickens during the growing period by replacing rice bran with 8% fermented mulberry leaves in equal amounts.

[0027] The improved formula for raising Taihe black-boned chicken during the growing period according to this invention is as follows:

[0028] The feed composition is as follows: corn 31.031%, soybean meal 16.698%, extruded soybeans 10.8%, broken rice 30%, fine limestone powder 1.35%, fermented mulberry 8%, dicalcium phosphate 1%, sodium chloride 0.35%, premix 0.6%, DL-methionine 0.106%, L-lysine phosphate 0.05%, and enzyme preparation 0.015%. These ingredients are placed in a mixer and thoroughly mixed to obtain a feed for growing Taihe black-boned chickens with a fermented mulberry 8% content.

[0029] Application Experiment 1: Taihe Black-boned Chicken Application Experiment in the Growing Period

[0030] The proportions of each component in the control group feed were as follows: corn 31.031%, soybean meal 16.698%, extruded soybeans 10.8%, broken rice 30%, fine limestone powder 1.35%, rice bran 8%, dicalcium phosphate 1%, sodium chloride 0.35%, premix 0.6%, DL-methionine 0.106%, L-lysine phosphate 0.05%, and enzyme preparation 0.015%. The above raw materials were placed in a mixer and thoroughly mixed. Five replicates were taken from each group (control group, Example 2, Example 3, and Example 4), with 18 Taihe black-boned chickens per replicate for the experiment, fed from 90 to 150 days of age. After the experiment, 8 chickens were randomly selected from each group for meat quality testing.

[0031] Table 1. Effects of diets provided in Examples 2-4 and the control group on the growth performance of Taihe Silkie chickens during the rearing period.

[0032] control group 2% Fermented Paper Mulberry Group 4% Fermented Paper Mulberry Group 8% Fermented Paper Mulberry Group Initial weight (g) 780.83±1.06 780.83±3.67 780.56±0.64 781.85±1.70 Final weight (g) 1133.94±22.46 1134.90 ±20.20 1169.62 ±27.58 1152.32±12.66 Average daily feed intake (g) <![CDATA[47.47±0.88 b ]]> <![CDATA[47.48±2.39 b ]]> <![CDATA[49.74±0.58 b ]]> <![CDATA[53.64±1.08 a ]]> Average daily weight gain (g) 5.89±0.36 5.90±0.30 6.48±0.46 6.17±0.20 Material weight ratio <![CDATA[8.09±0.49 ab ]]> <![CDATA[8.05±0.20 ab ]]> <![CDATA[7.70±0.52 b ]]> <![CDATA[8.69±0.12 a ]]>

[0033] Note: Different lowercase letters in the same row's shoulder indices indicate significant differences (P<0.05).

[0034] As shown in Table 1, the feed conversion ratio of the 2% and 4% fermented mulberry groups decreased compared to the control group. These results indicate that the fermented mulberry feed described in Example 2 or Example 3 can improve the growth performance of Taihe black-boned chickens during their growing period.

[0035] Table 2. Effects of diets provided in Examples 2-4 and the control group of the present invention on the apparent metabolic rate of nutrients in Taihe black-bone chickens during the growing period.

[0036] control group 2% Fermented Paper Mulberry Group 4% Fermented Paper Mulberry Group 8% Fermented Paper Mulberry Group Crude protein (%) <![CDATA[76.74±1.13 c ]]> <![CDATA[79.57±0.54 ab ]]> <![CDATA[80.55±0.16 a ]]> <![CDATA[78.47±0.03 bc ]]> Coarse ash content (%) <![CDATA[36.28±3.18 c ]]> <![CDATA[49.49±0.15 a ]]> <![CDATA[52.03±0.84 a ]]> <![CDATA[43.62±1.21 b ]]> calcium(%) <![CDATA[49.46±1.91 c ]]> <![CDATA[58.87±1.74 ab ]]> <![CDATA[60.92±0.09 a ]]> <![CDATA[55.96±0.83 b ]]> Non-phytic acid phosphorus (%) <![CDATA[88.65±0.38 c ]]> <![CDATA[91.69±0.18 a ]]> <![CDATA[91.88±0.15 a ]]> <![CDATA[91.04±0.00 b ]]> ME (%) <![CDATA[76.10±0.63 c ]]> <![CDATA[78.74±0.40 b ]]> <![CDATA[79.88±0.02 a ]]> <![CDATA[76.99±0.13 c ]]> salt(%) <![CDATA[93.04±0.30 ab ]]> <![CDATA[93.61±0.10 a ]]> <![CDATA[93.61±0.13 a ]]> <![CDATA[92.58±0.29 b ]]> Lysine (%) 95.87±0.58 96.54±0.28 96.71±0.11 96.27±0.06 Methionine + Cystine (%) <![CDATA[94.71±0.37 b ]]> <![CDATA[96.18±0.40 a ]]> <![CDATA[96.49±0.01 a ]]> <![CDATA[96.00±0.18 a ]]> Methionine (%) 92.69±0.65 93.70±0.30 94.35±0.15 94.70±0.78

[0037] Note: Different lowercase letters in the same row's shoulder indices indicate significant differences (P<0.05).

[0038] Table 2 shows that compared with the control group, the apparent metabolic rate of nutrients was increased in both the fermented mulberry group and the control group. However, the 4% fermented mulberry group showed the most significant increase compared with the control group, significantly increasing the apparent metabolic rate of crude protein, crude ash, calcium, non-phytic acid phosphorus, metabolizable energy, methionine + cysteine, and methionine, while having no significant effect on salt, lysine, and methionine. These results indicate that the fermented mulberry feed with a 4% fermented mulberry content described in Example 3, when fed to growing Taihe black-boned chickens, can improve the apparent metabolic rate of nutrients in these chickens.

[0039] Table 3. Effects of diets provided in Examples 2-4 and the control group on the meat quality of Taihe black-boned chicken during the growing period.

[0040]

[0041] Note: Different lowercase letters in the same row's shoulder indices indicate significant differences (P<0.05).

[0042] Table 3 shows that, compared with the control group, the fermented mulberry wood group exhibited a decreasing trend in b* value, shear force, cooking loss, and drip loss of both breast and leg muscles. The 4% fermented mulberry wood group showed the most significant decreases, with significantly lower b* value and shear force in both breast and leg muscles, and decreased cooking and drip losses compared to the control group. These results indicate that the fermented mulberry wood feed with a 4% content described in Example 3, when fed to growing Taihe black-boned chickens, can improve meat quality by reducing muscle yellowness, increasing muscle tenderness, and enhancing water-holding capacity.

[0043] Table 4. Effects of diets provided in Examples 2-4 and the control group on the routine nutritional components of Taihe black-boned chicken muscle during the growing period.

[0044]

[0045] Note: Different lowercase letters in the same row's shoulder indices indicate significant differences (P<0.05).

[0046] As shown in Table 4, the crude fat content in the leg muscles of the fermented mulberry group was significantly higher than that of the control group. The fermented mulberry feed described in Examples 2-4, when fed to growing Taihe black-boned chickens, can improve meat quality by increasing the crude fat content in the leg muscles.

[0047] In summary, the addition of 4% fermented mulberry can improve growth performance and reduce feed costs by lowering the feed conversion ratio of Taihe black-boned chickens during the rearing period; it can also increase the apparent metabolic rates of crude protein, crude ash, calcium, non-phytic acid phosphorus, metabolizable energy, methionine + cysteine, and methionine; at the same time, it can improve the meat quality of Taihe black-boned chickens during the rearing period by reducing the yellowness of the muscle, improving the tenderness of the muscle, water-holding capacity, and crude fat content of the leg muscle.

[0048] For those skilled in the art, various corresponding modifications can be made based on the above technical solutions and concepts, and all such modifications should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of this invention.

Claims

1. A fermented mulberry feed for improving the growth performance and meat quality of Taihe black-boned chicken, characterized in that, The preparation steps are as follows: (1) Preparation of fermented Broussonetia papyrifera Select 1.2 meters of Broussonetia papyrifera stubble, first crush by rubbing machine, then crush by fine crusher, then mix by stirring machine, add lactic acid bacteria liquid and yeast bacteria liquid by high-pressure sprayer during stirring, the mass ratio of lactic acid bacteria liquid and yeast bacteria liquid is 1%-3%, stir for 10 minutes, seal in vacuum bag with breathable cap, ferment at room temperature for 21 days, and then prepare fermented Broussonetia papyrifera; (2) Customization of fermented Broussonetia papyrifera feed formula The percentage composition of the Taihe black chicken diet during the growing period is as follows: corn 31.031%, soybean meal 16.698%, puffed soybean 10.8%, broken rice 30%, fine stone powder 1.35%, rice bran 4%, fermented Broussonetia papyrifera 4%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1%, sodium chloride 0.35%, premix 0.6%, DL-methionine 0.106%, L-lysine phosphate 0.05%, and enzyme preparation 0.015%; (3) Preparation of fermented Broussonetia papyrifera feed First, weigh the fermented Broussonetia papyrifera, crush it with a crusher, and set it aside; second, weigh the raw materials: fine stone powder, calcium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, L-lysine phosphate, DL-methionine, enzyme preparation, and premix, mix them in a bag, and set them aside; then weigh the other raw materials and pour them into a stirring machine; finally, mix all the raw materials in the stirring machine. After replacing rice bran with fermented Broussonetia papyrifera, the apparent metabolization rate of crude protein and the non-phytate phosphorus metabolization rate in the Taihe black chicken diet during the growing period are improved, the b* value of breast muscle and the shear force of leg muscle are decreased, and the feed-to-weight ratio is decreased.

2. Use of fermenting feed of leucaena according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fermented Broussonetia papyrifera is used to improve the growth performance and meat quality of Taihe black chickens during the growing period, and 4% of the fermented Broussonetia papyrifera is used to replace an equal amount of rice bran in the Taihe black chicken diet during the growing period.

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