A wood-based carbon black evaporator, preparation method and application

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of photothermal material preparation, and particularly relates to a through-wood-based carbon black evaporator, a preparation method and application, the through-wood-based carbon black evaporator comprises a through-wood product base, and the through-wood product base is distributed with carbon black. The abundant capillary channels and pinholes of the through-wood product enhance the heat convection and solar-driven evaporation of the water film on both sides of the base, convert the absorbed heat into more latent heat required for water evaporation, reduce heat loss, and improve heat conversion efficiency. The attachment of carbon black, on the one hand, strengthens the structure of the through-wood product base to some extent, so that the originally existing broken plant fibers are directly attached to the surface of the material and can resist the influence of external forces and other factors, and on the other hand, the pore structure with carbon black has stronger ability to transport water molecules, and the evaporation efficiency is high. The present application solves the problems of low heat conversion efficiency and evaporation efficiency of photothermal materials in the prior art, and cannot meet the requirements of realizing long-term, efficient and stable interfacial seawater desalination.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photothermal material preparation technology, specifically to a wood-based carbon black evaporator, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Over the past few decades, the increasing demand for freshwater resources due to industrial development has made freshwater scarcity a major obstacle to achieving sustainable development. In its recent risk report, the World Economic Forum identified freshwater scarcity as one of the most serious global crises. Seawater desalination technology is one of the effective ways to address freshwater scarcity from a sustainable development perspective. The most commonly used seawater desalination technologies are: multi-stage flash (MSF), multi-effect distillation (MED), vapor compression (VC), reverse osmosis (RO), and electrodialysis (ED). Traditional seawater desalination technologies use fossil fuels, resulting in high energy consumption and costs. Furthermore, the environmental problems caused by traditional energy sources have become increasingly prominent in recent years. To produce 1000m³ of freshwater... 3 ·day -1 The country consumes 10,000 tons of petroleum fuel annually to produce freshwater. Against this backdrop, developing a seawater desalination technology powered by renewable energy is essential.

[0003] Solar energy, as an inexhaustible and clean energy source, has attracted much attention. Among its applications, solar thermal-steam conversion, an important form of solar energy conversion, shows great promise in seawater desalination, fractionation, and sterilization. Interfacial solar steam generation creates localized heat concentration at the gas-liquid interface, effectively avoiding heat loss caused by heating large amounts of water, thus achieving efficient seawater evaporation. This direct solar distillation method features simple, portable devices that require no energy input other than solar energy. It effectively removes inorganic ions such as salt, as well as bacteria and non-volatile substances from seawater, utilizing solar radiation as the heat source for evaporation, providing both abundant and continuous energy input. When an evaporator with photothermal conversion capabilities is placed at the water-liquid interface, it effectively improves solar energy utilization and photo-conversion efficiency, thereby significantly increasing the evaporation rate and the amount of purified water produced.

[0004] Solar-powered seawater desalination technology requires photothermal materials with high solar energy absorption rates, such as metal nanoparticles, black semiconductors, porous polymers, and other absorbent materials, as carriers for the photothermal effect. Metal-based photothermal conversion materials possess good bioinertness and excellent photothermal conversion performance, but their limited solar absorption bands result in relatively low solar thermal conversion efficiency, and overcoming these bandwidth limitations requires higher costs. Traditional carbon black or graphite inherently possess light absorption and good hydrophobicity, but due to their high reflectivity at the air-dielectric interface, further optimization is needed. Adjusting the nanostructure can effectively increase solar energy absorption, but this significantly increases cost and operational complexity. Another key factor affecting the energy efficiency of interfacial solar evaporators is the design of the evaporation structure. Two-dimensional planar films, due to limited solar energy input, suffer from limited evaporation flux and increased heat loss, resulting in low efficiency and failing to meet the requirements for long-term, efficient, and stable interfacial seawater desalination. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problem that existing photothermal materials have low thermal conversion and evaporation efficiencies, which cannot meet the requirements for long-term, efficient, and stable interfacial seawater desalination, this invention provides a wood-based carbon black evaporator.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention employs the following technical solution:

[0007] A tonka bean-based carbon black evaporator includes a tonka bean product substrate on which carbon black is distributed.

[0008] Preferably, the base of the tongtuo wood product is tongcao flower.

[0009] Preferably, the total height of the petal layer of the *Tetrapanax papyriferus* flower is 3–5.2 cm.

[0010] The preparation method of the above-mentioned wood-based carbon black evaporator includes the following steps:

[0011] The tussock wood products are pretreated to obtain the tussock wood product base;

[0012] The tonka bean product substrate is immersed in a solution containing carbon black, washed, and dried to obtain a tonka bean-based carbon black evaporator.

[0013] Furthermore, the method for pretreating tussock wood products is as follows:

[0014] The tangtuo wood products were washed alternately with anhydrous ethanol and ultrapure water to remove impurities, and then dried to obtain the tangtuo wood product base.

[0015] Preferably, the soaking time for immersing the tussock wood product substrate in a solution containing carbon black is 25 to 35 minutes.

[0016] Preferably, the carbon black concentration in the carbon black-containing solution is 5% to 20% by mass.

[0017] Preferably, the carbon black-containing solution is ink.

[0018] A tontapeutic wood-based carbon black evaporator prepared using the above-described method exhibits a water contact angle of 0–21.3°, a broadband light absorptivity of 92.4%–95.2% within the solar radiation range, a photothermal conversion efficiency of 62.7%–77.5%, and a water evaporation rate of 1.82–2.21 kg·m³. -2 ·h -1 .

[0019] The application of the toffee-based carbon black evaporator as described above in seawater desalination technology.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] This invention discloses a tussah wood-based carbon black evaporator, comprising a tussah wood substrate on which carbon black is distributed. The use of tussah wood as the substrate material leverages its abundant capillary channels and pinholes to enhance thermal convection and solar-driven evaporation of the water film on both sides of the substrate. This facilitates the conversion of absorbed heat into latent heat required for greater water evaporation, reducing heat loss, fully utilizing absorbed heat, and improving heat conversion efficiency. The carbon black distributed on the tussah wood substrate strengthens its structure to some extent, allowing existing broken plant fibers to adhere directly to the material surface, making it more resistant to external forces. Furthermore, the porous structure of the carbon black adhering to the substrate enhances its ability to transport water molecules, resulting in high evaporation efficiency. This allows the tussah wood-based carbon black evaporator to exhibit excellent water transport performance and mechanical stability even under harsh environments, providing a foundation for long-term, efficient, and stable interfacial seawater desalination.

[0022] The base of the Tetrapanax papyrifer product is a Tetrapanax papyrifer flower. The special structure of the Tetrapanax papyrifer flower can generate heat convection on both sides of the petals. Through the layer-by-layer absorption of the petals, the collection of solar energy is further enhanced. This is conducive to converting the heat absorbed on the front of the petals into the latent heat required for more water evaporation, reducing heat loss and making full use of heat. By increasing the cold evaporation surface to improve evaporation performance, the resulting photothermal material can exhibit an evaporation rate exceeding the theoretical limit and an energy conversion efficiency of over 100%, further improving the heat conversion efficiency.

[0023] The total height of the petal layer of the pith flower is 3-5.2 cm, which does not affect the water absorption efficiency and can ensure the heat conversion efficiency and evaporation efficiency.

[0024] This invention provides a method for preparing a toffee-based carbon black evaporator as described above. The method involves pretreating toffee products to obtain a toffee product substrate; then, immersing the toffee product substrate in a solution containing carbon black, washing, and drying to achieve the preparation of a toffee-based carbon black evaporator. The preparation method is simple, the reaction conditions are mild, and no other harmful substances are introduced.

[0025] The mass concentration of carbon black is 5% to 20%. If the concentration is too low, it will not be able to transport water molecules well, and if the concentration is too high, it will block the pores and affect the heat conversion efficiency and evaporation rate.

[0026] The carbon black-containing solution is ink, which is readily available and has a better impregnation effect, making it more conducive to the adhesion of carbon black to the tonka bean matrix.

[0027] A tontapeutic wood-based carbon black evaporator prepared using the above-described method was tested and found to have a water contact angle of 0–21.3°, a broadband light absorptivity of 92.4%–95.2% within the solar radiation range, a photothermal conversion efficiency of 62.7%–77.5%, and a water evaporation rate of 1.82–2.21 kg·m³. -2 ·h -1 It exhibits excellent hydrophilicity, better broadband light absorption rate within the solar radiation range, better photothermal conversion rate, and better evaporation rate.

[0028] The above-mentioned application of toffee-based carbon black evaporators in seawater desalination technology demonstrates their high heat conversion and evaporation rates, making them promising for seawater desalination and ensuring long-term, efficient, and stable interfacial seawater desalination. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for preparing a wood-based carbon black evaporator according to the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2 These are three flower structure diagrams selected in the embodiments of the present invention, wherein a is a large flower structure, b is a spiral flower structure, and c is a small flower structure.

[0031] Figure 3 The figure shows the test results of the hydrophilicity of the todoxacarb-based carbon black evaporator prepared by the present invention. In the figure, a is the contact angle at 0s, b is the contact angle at 0.5s, c is the contact angle at 1s, d is the contact angle at 1.5s, e is the contact angle at 2s, and f is the contact angle at 2.5s.

[0032] Figure 4The images shown are SEM images of the tussah wood-based carbon black evaporator and the tussah wood surface prepared in the embodiments of the present invention. Among them, a, b and c are SEM images of the tussah wood surface magnified by 500x, 200x and 50x respectively, and d, e and f are SEM images of the tussah wood-based carbon black evaporator surface magnified by 500x, 200x and 50x respectively.

[0033] Figure 5 The images shown are SEM images of the tussock-based carbon black evaporator and the cross-section of tussock prepared in the embodiments of the present invention. Among them, a and b are SEM images of the cross-section of tussock magnified by 500x and 200x respectively, and c and d are SEM images of the cross-section of the tussock-based carbon black evaporator magnified by 500x and 200x respectively.

[0034] Figure 6 The images show the reflection and transmission spectra of the tondula wood-based carbon black evaporator prepared in the embodiments of the present invention in the wavelength range of 200-2500 nm, where a is the reflection spectrum and b is the transmission spectrum.

[0035] Figure 7 The figures shown are evaporation rate and mass change results of different patterns of the todoxa wood-based carbon black evaporator prepared in the embodiments of the present invention. In the figure, a is the evaporation rate change result of different patterns, and b is the mass change result of different patterns.

[0036] Figure 8 The images shown are infrared images of the small flower pattern of the thallium wood-based carbon black evaporator prepared in the embodiments of the present invention at different times and temperature curves corresponding to different times. In the images shown, a is the infrared image of the small flower pattern at different times and b is the temperature curve of the small flower pattern at different times. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0038] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0039] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0040] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "horizontal," or "inner" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of the invention is in use, they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. Furthermore, terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0041] Furthermore, the use of the term "horizontal" does not imply that the component must be absolutely horizontal, but rather that it can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0042] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0043] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. These descriptions are for explanation purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0044] This invention provides a tongcao (Tetrapanax papyrifer)-based carbon black evaporator, comprising a tongcao substrate on which carbon black is distributed. Preferably, the tongcao substrate is a tongcao flower, and the total height of the petal layer of the tongcao flower is 3-5.2 cm.

[0045] See Figure 1 The present invention provides a method for preparing the above-described thallium-based carbon black evaporator, comprising the following steps:

[0046] S1: Pre-treat the Tongtuo wood products to obtain the Tongtuo wood product base. That is, soak the Tongtuo wood products in anhydrous ethanol and ultrapure water alternately for 5 to 10 minutes to remove impurities from the Tongtuo wood products. Then dry the products to obtain the Tongtuo wood product base.

[0047] S2: The substrate of the tussock wood product is immersed in a solution containing carbon black, washed, and dried to obtain a tussock wood-based carbon black evaporator. Specifically, the tussock wood product substrate is immersed in a solution containing carbon black for 25-35 minutes. Preferably, it can be immersed multiple times, preferably three times. The immersion temperature is room temperature. After immersion, it is washed in pure water using an up-and-down immersion method, and washed multiple times until the color of the pure water does not change. It is then dried at 55℃-65℃ to obtain the tussock wood-based carbon black evaporator.

[0048] The carbon black solution contains carbon black at a mass concentration of 5% to 20%, preferably traditional black ink.

[0049] A tondida wood-based carbon black evaporator prepared using the above-described method was tested and found to have a water contact angle of 0–21.3°, a broadband light absorptivity of 92.4%–95.2% within the solar radiation range, a photothermal conversion efficiency of 62.7%–77.5%, and a water evaporation rate of 1.82–2.21 kg·m³. -2 ·h -1 It exhibits excellent hydrophilicity, better broadband light absorption rate within the solar radiation range, better photothermal conversion rate, and better evaporation rate.

[0050] The above-mentioned application of toffee-based carbon black evaporators in seawater desalination technology demonstrates their high heat conversion and evaporation rates, making them promising for seawater desalination and ensuring long-term, efficient, and stable interfacial seawater desalination.

[0051] See Figure 2 The paper selects three flower patterns for the tongtuo wood products: the large flower pattern is marked as IDF1, the spiral flower pattern is marked as IDF2, and the small flower pattern is marked as IDF3. However, the scope of protection is not specifically limited by these three flower patterns. Many tongtuo wood products that can be conceived by those skilled in the art are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0052] Example 1

[0053] Select large-flowered dried pith flowers as the base for the pith wood products. Measure their projected area using graph paper. Then, wash the dried pith flowers alternately for 5-10 minutes in 100mL of ethanol and ultrapure water to remove impurities. Dry them for later use.

[0054] The cleaned dried tongcao flowers are soaked in black ink for 30 minutes, and then dried at 60°C for 1 hour to obtain dried tongcao flowers covered with carbon black.

[0055] After naturally cooling to room temperature, the dried flowers of Tetrapanax papyriferus covered with carbon black are repeatedly soaked in distilled water until the water no longer changes color, and then dried again to obtain a three-dimensional Tetrapanax papyriferus-based carbon black evaporator.

[0056] The obtained thallium wood-based carbon black evaporator was tested for contact angle using a contact angle meter, and the contact angle with water was found to be 21.3°. Light transmittance and reflectance were measured using a UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer. The broadband light absorptivity of the sample within the solar radiation range was calculated to be 92.4% using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Mass loss was measured using a microbalance (AR224CN), and the water evaporation rate was found to be 1.82 kg·m³. -2 ·h -1 .

[0057] The evaporator based on Topodin wood products prepared in this embodiment was subjected to a salt resistance test for 1 to 5 hours. When the salinity was 3.5 wt%, no salt accumulation was observed on the upper surface of the evaporator based on Topodin wood products for more than 5 hours.

[0058] Example 2

[0059] Select the spiral-shaped dried tongcao flowers as the base for tongcao wood products, measure their projected area with graph paper, and then wash them alternately for 5-10 minutes in 100mL of ethanol and ultrapure water to remove impurities from the dried tongcao flowers. Dry them for later use.

[0060] The cleaned dried tongcao flowers were soaked in black ink for 30 minutes. Then, the dried tongcao flowers were dried in a forced-air drying oven at 60°C for 1 hour to obtain dried tongcao flowers covered with carbon black.

[0061] After naturally cooling to room temperature, the dried flowers of Tetrapanax papyriferus covered with carbon black are repeatedly soaked in distilled water until the water no longer changes color, and then dried again to obtain a Tetrapanax papyriferus-based carbon black evaporator.

[0062] The obtained three-dimensional todoxa citrate-based carbon black evaporator was tested for contact angle using a contact angle meter, revealing a contact angle of 10.1° with water. Light transmittance and reflectance were measured using a UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer. The broadband light absorptivity of the sample within the solar radiation range was calculated to be 93.2% using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Mass loss was measured using a microbalance (AR224CN), indicating a water evaporation rate of 2.03 kg·m³. -2 ·h -1 .

[0063] The evaporator based on Topodin wood products prepared in this embodiment was subjected to a salt resistance test for 1 to 5 hours. When the salinity was 3.5 wt%, no salt accumulation was observed on the upper surface of the evaporator based on Topodin wood products for more than 5 hours.

[0064] Example 3

[0065] Select large-flowered dried pith flowers as the base for the pith wood products. Measure their projected area using graph paper. Then, wash the dried pith flowers alternately for 5-10 minutes in 100mL of ethanol and ultrapure water to remove impurities. Dry them for later use.

[0066] The cleaned dried tongcao flowers are soaked in black ink for 30 minutes, and then dried at 60°C for 1 hour to obtain dried tongcao flowers covered with carbon black.

[0067] After naturally cooling to room temperature, the dried flowers of Tetrapanax papyriferus covered with carbon black are repeatedly soaked in distilled water until the water no longer changes color, and then dried again to obtain a three-dimensional Tetrapanax papyriferus-based carbon black evaporator.

[0068] The obtained thallium wood-based carbon black evaporator was tested for contact angle using a contact angle meter, and the contact angle with water was found to be 0°. Light transmittance and reflectance were measured using a UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer. The broadband light absorptivity of the sample within the solar radiation range was calculated to be 95.2% using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Mass loss was measured using a microbalance (AR224CN), and the water evaporation rate was found to be 2.21 kg·m³. -2 ·h -1 .

[0069] The evaporator based on Topodin wood products prepared in this embodiment was subjected to a salt resistance test for 1 to 5 hours. When the salinity was 3.5 wt%, no salt accumulation was observed on the upper surface of the evaporator based on Topodin wood products for more than 5 hours.

[0070] See Figure 4 The carbon black evaporator based on tongcao (Tetrapanax papyriferus) prepared in the above embodiment was dropped into a water droplet, and the change in contact angle was observed. It can be seen that within 3 seconds of the water droplet being dropped, the water droplet was completely absorbed by the photothermal material of dried tongcao flower based on ink. At 0.5 seconds, the water droplet showed a small contact angle as soon as it came into contact with the dried tongcao flower, indicating that the dried tongcao flower itself has good hydrophilic properties. In the next two seconds, the water droplet was rapidly absorbed, and at 2.5 seconds, the water droplet was basically absorbed. It can be seen that the carbon black evaporator based on tongcao has strong hydrophilic properties.

[0071] See Figure 5SEM tests were performed on the carbon black evaporator based on tongcao (a type of pith) prepared in the above embodiments and the surface of the pure tongcao product. It can be seen that after ink impregnation, the plant fibers on the surface of the dried tongcao flowers disappeared, and obvious pore structure was shown. It can be seen that the carbon black attached to the surface can strengthen the structure of the dried tongcao flowers to a certain extent, making the dried tongcao flowers more resistant to the influence of external forces and other factors. At the same time, these pore structures with attached carbon black have a stronger ability to transport water molecules.

[0072] See Figure 6 The cross-sections of the carbon black evaporator based on tongcao (tetrapanax papyriferus) prepared in the above embodiments and the cross-sections of the tongcao product were subjected to SEM testing. It can be seen that after carbon black coating, the plant fibers on the surface of the dried tongcao flowers also disappeared, and the pore walls of the dried tongcao flowers were more complete. These complete pores formed transport channels, through which water molecules can be transported, further demonstrating that the evaporator has a stronger ability to transport water molecules.

[0073] See Figure 7 The Cu-MOF textile reflectance of the carbon black evaporator based on dried pith flowers, loaded with carbon black, decreased significantly, while the Cu-MOF textile transmittance was almost zero. This is because the excellent three-dimensional structure of dried pith flowers causes incident light to undergo multiple internal reflections, resulting in an increased optical path length. Combining transmittance and reflectance, the light absorption rate of the carbon black evaporator based on dried pith flowers can be calculated to be 93.1%.

[0074] See Figure 8 To investigate the impact of flower shape on solar evaporation performance, the evaporation rates of evaporators based on dried teosinte flower-based carbon black with different flower shapes were measured under a single sunlight exposure. The results show that the small-flower structure is more conducive to evaporation. Observations revealed that compared to spiral and small-flower structures, the large-flower structure has more leaves, and the leaves partially block each other, resulting in a lower actual light-receiving area. Furthermore, its larger base and faster water delivery rate lead to a lower temperature at water-evaporation equilibrium compared to the other two flower shapes, ultimately resulting in a lower evaporation rate. The spiral flower structure, being more planar, with each layer blocking the light from the next, does not fully utilize the advantages of a three-dimensional structure, thus its evaporation rate is lower than that of the small-flower structure. The small-flower structure has fewer leaves with less mutual obstruction, resulting in higher solar energy utilization. Its appropriately sized base matches the water delivery and evaporation rates, leading to a relatively higher temperature at water-evaporation equilibrium and ultimately a higher evaporation rate.

[0075] See Figure 8b. An evaporation experiment was conducted on the flower-shaped evaporator, and infrared values ​​were recorded at different times. It can be seen that the temperature of the evaporator actually stabilized at 6 minutes, and the temperature basically did not change after that. It can be seen that the temperature of the evaporator can stabilize after about 6 minutes under the light source, and the stable temperature is 41℃.

[0076] In summary, this invention provides a tussock wood-based carbon black evaporator, its preparation method, and its application. By utilizing the unique capillary channels and pinhole structure of tussock wood products, combined with adsorbed carbon black, a unique porous carbon skeleton structure is formed, giving it excellent superhydrophilicity and ultra-high evaporation efficiency. This provides a novel photothermal conversion material for solar-driven interfacial seawater desalination technology.

[0077] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the technical solution of the present invention in any way. Those skilled in the art should understand that, without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention, the technical solution can be modified and replaced in several simple ways, and these modifications and replacements are all within the scope of protection covered by the claims.

Claims

1. A wood-based carbon black evaporator, characterized in that, The product includes a Tetrapanax papyriferus substrate, on which carbon black is distributed; the Tetrapanax papyriferus substrate is a Tetrapanax papyriferus flower; the total height of the petal layer of the Tetrapanax papyriferus flower is 3-5.2 cm.

2. The method for preparing the toffee-based carbon black evaporator as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The tussock wood products are pretreated to obtain the tussock wood product base; The tonka bean product substrate is immersed in a solution containing carbon black, washed, and dried to obtain a tonka bean-based carbon black evaporator.

3. The method for preparing the toffee-based carbon black evaporator according to claim 2, characterized in that, The method for pretreating tussock wood products is as follows: The tangtuo wood products were washed alternately with anhydrous ethanol and ultrapure water to remove impurities, and then dried to obtain the tangtuo wood product base.

4. The method for preparing the toffee-based carbon black evaporator according to claim 2, characterized in that, The soaking time for immersing the tussock wood product substrate in a solution containing carbon black is 25 to 35 minutes.

5. The method for preparing the toffee-based carbon black evaporator according to claim 2, characterized in that, The carbon black-containing solution has a carbon black mass concentration of 5% to 20%.

6. The method for preparing the toffee-based carbon black evaporator according to any one of claims 2-5, characterized in that, The solution containing carbon black is ink.

7. A toluene-based carbon black evaporator prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 2-6, characterized in that, The contact angle with water is 0–21.3°, the broadband light absorptivity within the solar radiation range is 92.4%–95.2%, the photothermal conversion efficiency is 62.7%–77.5%, and the water evaporation rate is 1.82–2.21 kg·m³. -2 ·h -1 .

8. The application of the toffee-based carbon black evaporator as described in claim 1 in seawater desalination technology.

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