A breakwater structure for protecting and dissipating waves

Abstract

This invention discloses a breakwater structure for wave dissipation and shore protection, comprising a vertical box-shaped structure and a wave-dispelling nozzle block mounted on top of the box-shaped structure. Three rows of water inlets are provided on the wave-facing side of the vertical box-shaped structure. Two layers of grids are spaced apart from top to bottom within the inner cavity of the box-shaped structure, with multiple permeable holes arranged in an array on the grids. Multiple arc-shaped guide surfaces are also provided on the inner wall of the vertical box-shaped structure. These arc-shaped guide surfaces reduce the frontal impact force of each water flow on the inner wall of the vertical box-shaped structure, better promoting vertical collisions between water flows and achieving energy dissipation. The wave-dispelling nozzle block includes a base and an arc-shaped wave-dispelling nozzle structure mounted on the base. The arc-shaped wave-dispelling nozzle structure includes a vertical arm and a horizontal support arm connected to the top of the vertical arm. The wave-facing sides of the vertical arm and the horizontal support arm are provided with arc-shaped guide surfaces, which are used to guide the overrushing water back to the sea side. This invention is simple to construct, has good overall integrity, and can effectively dissipate the energy of water waves.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of coastal engineering technology, and in particular relates to a breakwater structure for protecting the shore and reducing waves. Background Technology

[0002] Coastal engineering projects such as ports, docks, and nuclear power plants require breakwaters and revetments to ensure the safe operation of the structures. Currently, existing coastal revetment structures typically include sloping revetment structures and caisson-type vertical breakwater revetment structures. Sloping revetments occupy a larger sea area, while caisson-type vertical breakwaters have a higher reflectivity and are subject to greater stress.

[0003] Coastal engineering projects often encounter challenging conditions with long construction periods and high wave energy, increasing the difficulty of breakwater design and construction. These challenges include increased breakwater height and workload, higher investment costs, and the potential for varying degrees of damage under the influence of massive wave energy. Therefore, developing hydraulic structures suitable for harsh conditions is a current priority, which is of great significance for the design and development of new breakwater technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a breakwater structure for protecting the bank and reducing waves, in order to address the technical deficiencies existing in the prior art.

[0005] The technical solution adopted to achieve the purpose of this invention is:

[0006] A breakwater structure for protecting the bank and reducing waves includes a vertical box and a wave-flicker block set on top of the vertical box;

[0007] The upright tank has a rectangular structure with three rows of water inlets on its wave-facing side. The tank has an internal cavity containing two layers of grilles spaced apart from top to bottom. The space above the first layer of grilles connects to the first row of water inlets, the space between the first and second layers connects to the second row of water inlets, and the space below the second layer connects to the third row of water inlets. Both the first and second layers of grilles have multiple permeable holes arranged in an array. On the inner bottom surface of the upright box below the second layer of grille, there are multiple parallel ridges arranged at equal intervals from the inside to the outside; the inner wall of the space above the first layer of grille on the side opposite to the inlet is a first arc-shaped guide surface that curves inward from top to bottom; the inner wall of the space between the first and second layers of grille on the side opposite to the inlet is a second raised arc-shaped guide surface that curves inward from the middle to the upper and lower sides; the inner wall of the space below the second layer of grille on the side opposite to the inlet is a third arc-shaped guide surface that curves inward from bottom to top.

[0008] The wave-flicker block includes a base and an arc-shaped wave-flicker structure mounted on the base. The arc-shaped wave-flicker structure includes a vertical arm and a horizontal support arm connected to the top of the vertical arm. The wave-facing surfaces of the vertical arm and the horizontal support arm are provided with arc-shaped guide surfaces, which are used to allow the overriding water to return to the sea side.

[0009] In the above technical solution, the upright box and the wave-propelling nozzle block are precast concrete.

[0010] In the above technical solution, nine water inlets are provided on the wave-facing side of the upright box, and these nine water inlets are arranged in a 3*3 rectangular array.

[0011] In the above technical solution, an outer edge is provided at the bottom of the wave-facing side of the upright box to increase the stability of the upright box.

[0012] In the above technical solution, the front extension length of the horizontal support arm of the arc-shaped wave-flicker structure should be greater than the water-facing surface of the upright box, so as to better allow the wave-flickering water to return to the sea side.

[0013] In the above technical solution, an L-shaped opening is formed on the rear side of the arc-shaped wave-flicker structure of the wave-flicker block. The L-shaped opening is used to place shoreline backfill material, which can not only preserve the original appearance of the natural shoreline to the greatest extent, but also ensure the stability of the wave-flicker block.

[0014] In the above technical solution, the breakwater energy dissipation structure for coastlines of the present invention is not limited to setting a single vertical box under the wave-flicker block. Multiple vertical boxes can be arranged according to the actual situation, and the wave-flicker block is set on the top of the uppermost vertical box.

[0015] In the above technical solution, grooves are provided on the protrusions on the inner bottom surface of the upright box so that the mud and sand entering the upright box can be discharged from the upright box under the action of the backflow water along the grooves, thus avoiding the accumulation of mud and sand on the bottom surface of the upright box.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0017] This invention is simple to construct, has good overall integrity, preserves the natural coastline and avoids blasting, land reclamation, etc., saving investment and achieving energy-saving and environmental protection effects.

[0018] The vertical box structure of this invention effectively dissipates the energy of water waves. When water waves impact the wave-facing surface of the vertical box, they first experience a buffering effect through the inlet. Then, the water flows into the three internal spaces of the vertical box through three inlets, which are interconnected via permeable holes in the grille. Therefore, when water waves enter the internal space of the vertical box from the inlets, a diversion effect occurs, with the water flowing into the three internal spaces of the vertical box. After diversion into these three internal spaces, firstly, the impact of the water flow is further reduced by the blocking effect of two layers of grille; secondly, these three water flows collide with each other within the internal space of the vertical box, reducing the flow velocity and offsetting the impact. During this process, the first arc-shaped guide... The first inlet helps the water flow from the first row of inlets move downwards. The second raised arc-shaped guide surface helps the water flow from the second row of inlets to flow upwards and downwards. The third arc-shaped guide surface helps the water flow from the third row of inlets move upwards. This not only reduces the frontal impact of each water flow on the inner wall of the vertical tank, but also better promotes the vertical collision between the water flows. Thirdly, under the action of the water wave's own gravity, the water flow entering the vertical tank will generate a downward flow and then flow outwards along the inner bottom surface of the vertical tank. Therefore, the ridges on the grille and the inner bottom surface of the vertical tank will obstruct this water flow and reduce the water flow energy.

[0019] The front end of the transverse support arm of the arc-shaped wave-flicker structure of the present invention extends longer than the water-facing surface of the upright box, so as to better allow the wave-flickering water to return to the sea side.

[0020] The present invention forms an L-shaped opening on the rear side of the arc-shaped wave-propelling structure of the wave-propelling block. The L-shaped opening is used to place shoreline backfill material, which can not only preserve the original appearance of the natural shoreline to the greatest extent, but also ensure the stability of the wave-propelling block.

[0021] The present invention has grooves on the protruding ribs on the inner bottom surface of the upright box, so that the mud and sand entering the upright box can be discharged from the upright box along the grooves under the action of the backflow water, thus avoiding the accumulation of mud and sand on the bottom surface of the upright box. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the breakwater structure of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the upright box in this invention.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the breakwater structure of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the breakwater structure of the double-layered vertical box-type structure of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the breakwater energy dissipation structure of the present invention in use.

[0027] For those skilled in the art, other related figures can be obtained from the above figures without any creative effort. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0029] See appendix Figure 1 -Appendix Figure 3 A breakwater structure for protecting the bank and reducing waves includes a vertical box 1 and a wave-dissipating nozzle block 2 installed on the top of the vertical box.

[0030] The upright box 1 is a rectangular structure, precast with concrete, and has multiple water inlets 1.1 on the wave-facing side. In this embodiment, it is preferred to have 9 water inlets, which are arranged in a 3*3 rectangular array. Each water inlet 1.1 is a square opening.

[0031] The upright tank has an internal cavity that communicates with the water inlet, allowing water to enter the cavity from the inlet. Two layers of grilles are spaced apart from top to bottom within the cavity. The space above the first grille 1.2 communicates with the three water inlets 1.1 in the first row; the space between the first and second grilles 1.2 communicates with the three water inlets 1.1 in the second row; and the space below the second grille 1.3 communicates with the three water inlets 1.1 in the third row. Multiple permeable holes 1.4 arranged in an array are provided on both the first and second grilles 1.2 and 1.3. Water hole 1.4 is a rectangular hole; on the inner bottom surface of the upright box below the second layer grille 1.3, there are multiple parallel ridges 1.5 arranged at equal intervals from the inside to the outside; in addition, the inner wall of the space above the first layer grille 1.2 on the side opposite to the water inlet is a first arc-shaped guide surface 1.8 that curves inward from top to bottom; the inner wall of the space between the first layer grille 1.2 and the second layer grille 1.3 on the side opposite to the water inlet is a second raised arc-shaped guide surface 1.9 that curves inward from the middle to the upper and lower sides; and the inner wall of the space below the second layer grille 1.3 on the side opposite to the water inlet is a third arc-shaped guide surface 1.10 that curves inward from bottom to top.

[0032] When waves impact the wave-facing surface of the vertical tank, they first experience a buffering effect through the inlet. Then, the water flows into the three internal spaces of the vertical tank through three rows of inlets, which are interconnected via permeable holes 1.4 on the grille. Therefore, when the waves enter the internal space of the vertical tank through the inlets, a diversion effect occurs, causing the water to flow into the three internal spaces. After diversion, the impact is further reduced by the obstruction of two layers of grille; secondly, the three streams collide with each other within the internal space of the vertical tank, reducing the flow velocity and offsetting the impact. During this process, the first arc-shaped guide surface 1.8... The first row of inlets helps the water flow downwards, while the second row of inlets (1.9) helps the water flow upwards and downwards to be diverted. The third row of inlets (1.10) helps the water flow upwards to be diverted. This not only reduces the frontal impact of each water flow on the inner wall of the vertical tank, but also promotes the vertical collision between the water flows. Thirdly, under the gravity of the water waves, the water flow entering the vertical tank will flow downwards and then outwards along the inner bottom surface of the vertical tank. Therefore, the ridges 1.5 on the inner bottom surface of the grille and the vertical tank will obstruct this water flow and reduce the energy of the water flow.

[0033] Furthermore, an outer edge 1.6 is provided at the bottom of the wave-facing side of the upright box 1 to increase the stability of the upright box 1. A groove 1.7 is provided on the protrusion 1.5 on the inner bottom surface of the upright box 1 so that the mud and sand entering the upright box 1 can be discharged from the upright box 1 along the groove 1.7 under the action of the backflowing water, and avoid the accumulation of mud and sand on the bottom surface of the upright box 1.

[0034] The wave-flicker block 2 is precast concrete and is installed on the top of the upright box body. The wave-flicker block 2 includes a base 2.1 and an arc-shaped wave-flicker structure 2.2 installed on the base. The base 2.1 is square and has the same shape as the top surface of the upright box body 1. The arc-shaped wave-flicker structure 2.2 includes a vertical arm 2.21 and a horizontal support arm 2.22 connected to the top of the vertical arm 2.21. The wave-facing surfaces of the vertical arm 2.21 and the horizontal support arm 2.22 are provided with arc-shaped guide surfaces 2.23, which can allow the overriding water to return to the sea side.

[0035] Furthermore, the front extension length of the transverse support arm 2.22 of the arc-shaped wave-flicker structure 2.2 should be greater than the water-facing surface of the upright box 1, which allows the overwater water to return to the sea side more effectively; and an L-shaped opening 2.3 is formed on the rear side of the arc-shaped wave-flicker structure 2.2 of the wave-flicker block 2, see Appendix Figure 5The L-shaped opening 2.3 is perfect for placing shoreline backfill materials such as sand and gravel, which not only preserves the original appearance of the natural shoreline to the greatest extent, but also ensures the stability of the wave-propelling nozzle block 2.

[0036] Furthermore, the breakwater energy dissipation structure of the present invention for coastlines is not limited to having a vertical box 1 installed under the wave-spike block 2, see appendix. Figure 4 Depending on the actual situation, multiple layers of vertical enclosures 1 can be arranged, with a wave-fighting nozzle block 2 installed on the top of the uppermost vertical enclosure 1. Furthermore, an outer edge 1.6 can be installed at the bottom of the wave-facing side of the lowermost vertical enclosure 1 to ensure stability.

[0037] The present invention has been described above by way of example. It should be noted that any simple modifications, alterations or other equivalent substitutions that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative effort without departing from the core of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A breakwater structure for protecting and dissipating waves, characterized in that: Includes an upright housing and a wave-propelling pressure block located on top of the upright housing; The upright tank has a rectangular structure with three rows of water inlets on its wave-facing side. The tank has an internal cavity containing two layers of grilles spaced apart from top to bottom. The space above the first layer of grilles connects to the first row of water inlets, the space between the first and second layers connects to the second row of water inlets, and the space below the second layer connects to the third row of water inlets. Both the first and second layers of grilles have multiple permeable holes arranged in an array. On the inner bottom surface of the upright box below the second layer of grille, there are multiple parallel ridges arranged at equal intervals from the inside to the outside; the inner wall of the space above the first layer of grille on the side opposite to the inlet is a first arc-shaped guide surface that curves inward from top to bottom; the inner wall of the space between the first and second layers of grille on the side opposite to the inlet is a second raised arc-shaped guide surface that curves inward from the middle to the upper and lower sides; the inner wall of the space below the second layer of grille on the side opposite to the inlet is a third arc-shaped guide surface that curves inward from bottom to top. The wave-flicker block includes a base and an arc-shaped wave-flicker structure mounted on the base. The arc-shaped wave-flicker structure includes a vertical arm and a horizontal support arm connected to the top of the vertical arm. The wave-facing surfaces of the vertical arm and the horizontal support arm are provided with arc-shaped guide surfaces, which are used to allow the overriding water to return to the sea side.

2. The breakwater structure for wave dissipation and revetment according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the upright box and the wave-propellant pressure block are precast concrete.

3. The breakwater structure for wave dissipation and protection according to claim 1, characterized in that: Nine water inlets are provided on the wave-facing side of the upright tank, and these nine water inlets are arranged in a 3*3 rectangular array.

4. The breakwater structure for wave dissipation and protection according to claim 1, characterized in that: An outer edge is provided at the bottom of the wave-facing side of the upright box.

5. The breakwater structure for wave dissipation and revetment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front extension length of the horizontal support arm of the arc-shaped wave-flicker structure should be greater than the water-facing surface of the upright box body.

6. The breakwater structure for wave dissipation and revetment according to claim 1, characterized in that: An L-shaped opening is formed on the rear side of the arc-shaped wave-flicker structure of the wave-flicker block. The L-shaped opening is used to place shoreline backfill material.

7. The breakwater structure for wave dissipation and revetment according to claim 1, characterized in that: One or more vertical boxes are set under the wave-making nozzle pressure block.

8. The breakwater structure for wave dissipation and revetment according to claim 1, characterized in that: Grooves are provided on the ridges on the inner bottom surface of the upright box, so that the mud and sand entering the upright box can be discharged from the upright box under the action of the backflow water, thus preventing the mud and sand from accumulating on the bottom surface of the upright box.

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