A test device for simulating the environment of silt under water-lubricated bearings of a ship

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of simulation silt environment under ship water lubrication bearing test device, it includes pedestal unit, shafting unit, lubrication unit and pressurizing unit, the shafting unit includes horizontal arrangement and rotationally installed on the stern shaft of the pedestal unit and is used to drive the driving assembly of the stern shaft rotation;The lubrication unit includes shell and two water lubrication bearings.The beneficial effects of the application are: by pressurizing unit, the tail end of stern shaft can be applied X, Y and Z direction pressure, simulate the stern shaft in the process of working condition operation is affected by the gravity and thrust of propeller, and the uneven force of stern shaft caused by the interference of water flow to propeller and ship body, thereby causing the bending deformation of stern shaft, so that the eccentric force of stern shaft, leading to the irregular force contact of water lubrication bearing contacted with it, so as to effectively simulate the influence of bending of stern shaft on water lubrication bearing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of testing equipment technology, and in particular to a testing device for ship water-lubricated bearings that simulates a muddy and sandy environment. Background Technology

[0002] The stern bearing is a crucial component of a ship's propulsion system, and its performance significantly impacts the stability and reliability of the system. Unlike oil-lubricated bearings, water-lubricated bearings use water as a lubricant, making them more environmentally friendly. Furthermore, water-lubricated bearings eliminate the need for lubricating oil, effectively reducing navigation costs and preventing water pollution from lubricating oil leaks. Currently, water-lubricated bearings are primarily lubricated using two methods: open lubrication and closed lubrication. Open lubrication utilizes the water flow within the navigation area, with lubricating water flowing in from the front and out from the rear of the bearing to achieve lubrication and cooling. Its lubrication effectiveness is closely related to the water quality, and in silty waters, silt can easily accumulate, causing excessive wear and bearing failure. Closed lubrication involves circulating pressurized water flowing in through inlets and outlets, forming a water film and providing cooling. Closed lubrication offers greater adaptability to different navigation areas but has a more complex structure and higher cost.

[0003] Currently, most tests for the design and manufacturing of water-lubricated bearings are theoretical designs followed by actual shipboard testing. This process is challenging, wasteful of materials, and complex. Therefore, there is a need to design a testing device that can simulate actual operating conditions and effectively test the performance of water-lubricated bearings. The design of this testing device needs to comprehensively consider the working mechanism of the water-lubricated bearing lubrication system and environmental influences.

[0004] Existing water-lubricated bearing testing devices (such as the water-lubricated bearing test bench disclosed in application number 201410040371.2) mainly include a drive device, a loading device, and a testing device. This bench structure can effectively test the performance of water-lubricated bearings to a certain extent. However, during operation, the stern shaft of a ship is affected by the weight and thrust of the propeller, and the interference of water flow on the propeller and hull can cause uneven stress on the stern shaft, leading to bending deformation. Even slight bending of the shaft can easily cause irregular force contact with the stern bearing, resulting in poor water film formation and uneven distribution, and causing irregular wear. Irregular contact can also easily cause shaft vibration, reducing system reliability. The aforementioned test device structure does not consider the shaft force eccentricity caused by the propeller, and therefore cannot simulate the impact of shaft bending on water-lubricated bearings. When designing a test device, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the impact of stern shaft bending deformation on water film distribution and shaft vibration. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the above-mentioned technical deficiencies and propose a test device for simulating the water-lubricated bearings of ships in a silty environment. This solves the technical problem that existing water-lubricated bearing test devices do not consider the problem of shaft eccentricity caused by the propeller when testing the performance of water-lubricated bearings, and therefore cannot simulate the effect of shaft bending on water-lubricated bearings.

[0006] To achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention provides a test device for simulating a water-lubricated bearing in a silt environment, comprising:

[0007] Base unit;

[0008] A shafting unit, comprising a stern shaft horizontally arranged and rotatably mounted on the base unit, and a drive assembly for driving the stern shaft to rotate;

[0009] The lubrication unit includes a housing and two water-lubricated bearings. The housing is rotatably mounted on the outer side of the stern shaft and fixed to the base unit. A closed lubrication cavity is formed between the housing and the stern shaft. The two water-lubricated bearings are both disposed in the lubrication cavity and are spaced apart on the stern shaft. The housing has an inlet and an outlet that are both connected to the lubrication cavity.

[0010] A pressurizing unit is connected to the tail end of the stern shaft to apply X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis pressure to the tail end of the stern shaft.

[0011] Furthermore, the drive assembly is disposed at the proximal end of the stern shaft. The drive assembly includes a drive shaft, two flexible couplings, and a rotation drive component. The drive shaft is coaxially disposed with the stern shaft and rotatably mounted on the base unit. The two flexible couplings are respectively connected to both ends of the drive shaft. One of the flexible couplings is detachably and fixedly connected to the proximal end of the stern shaft. The rotation drive component is fixed on the base unit. The output end of the rotation drive component is coaxially disposed with the drive shaft. The output end of the rotation drive component is connected to the other flexible coupling to drive the corresponding flexible coupling to rotate.

[0012] Furthermore, the shaft system unit also includes a clutch and a connecting shaft. Both the clutch and the connecting shaft are located at the tail end of the stern shaft. The clutch is connected to the tail end of the stern shaft. The connecting shaft is coaxially arranged with the stern shaft and rotatably mounted on the base unit. One end of the connecting shaft is detachably and fixedly connected to the clutch.

[0013] Furthermore, the housing is provided with a pressure relief port communicating with the lubrication cavity, and the lubrication unit also includes a pressure relief valve, which is located at the pressure relief port.

[0014] Furthermore, the housing includes two bushings, two sleeves, and two end sealing assemblies. The two bushings are spaced apart along the length of the stern shaft and coaxially fitted onto the stern shaft. The two bushings are fixed to the base unit. The two sleeves are positioned between the two bushings along the length of the stern shaft and coaxially fitted onto the stern shaft. The proximal ends of the two sleeves are detachably fixedly connected, and the distal ends of the two bushings are respectively connected to one end of the corresponding bushing. The two end sealing assemblies are coaxially fitted onto the stern shaft and detachably installed on the other end of the corresponding bushing to seal the ends of the bushings, thereby forming a sealed lubrication cavity.

[0015] Furthermore, the water inlet, the water outlet, and the pressure relief port are all located on the bushing at the beginning, with the water inlet and the water outlet located at the top of the bushing and the pressure relief port located at the bottom of the bushing.

[0016] Furthermore, the housing also includes a water tank, which is detachably and rotatably mounted on the outer side of the stern shaft and fixed to the base unit. A flow port is provided on the side wall of the bushing near the tail end of the water tank. When the end sealing assembly at the tail end is removed, the water tank communicates with the lubrication cavity through the flow port.

[0017] Furthermore, the lubrication unit also includes a sealing ring, a water adding assembly, a drive pump, and a stirring assembly. The sealing ring is disposed at the outlet, the water adding assembly is used to add muddy water into the water tank, the drive pump is used to extract the muddy water from the water tank, and the stirring assembly is used to stir the muddy water in the water tank.

[0018] Furthermore, the pressurizing unit includes an X-axis telescopic drive, a Y-axis telescopic drive, and a Z-axis telescopic drive. The X-axis telescopic drive is horizontally positioned at the other end of the connecting shaft along its length and fixed to the base unit. The X-axis telescopic drive is coaxial with the connecting shaft, and its telescopic end is used to abut or separate from the other end of the connecting shaft. The Y-axis telescopic drive is horizontally positioned to the side of the connecting shaft along its length perpendicular to the connecting shaft and fixed to the base unit. The central axis of the Y-axis telescopic drive is on the same horizontal plane as the central axis of the connecting shaft, and its telescopic end is used to abut or separate from the side wall of the connecting shaft. The Z-axis telescopic drive is vertically positioned to the side of the connecting shaft along its length perpendicular to the connecting shaft and fixed to the base unit. The central axis of the Z-axis telescopic drive is on the same vertical plane as the central axis of the connecting shaft, and its telescopic end is used to abut or separate from the side wall of the connecting shaft.

[0019] Furthermore, the pressurization unit also includes three damping plates and three running-in pads, with the three damping plates and three running-in pads respectively disposed at the ends of the telescopic ends of the corresponding X-axis telescopic drive, Y-axis telescopic drive and Z-axis telescopic drive.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention include: during the test, both the inlet and outlet are connected to the water circulation system. The water circulation system pressurizes the lubrication chamber and supplies circulating water to simulate a closed water lubrication system. The drive component can drive the stern shaft to rotate, simulating the actual working conditions of the stern shaft. The pressurization unit can apply X, Y, and Z-axis pressures to the tail end of the stern shaft during operation, simulating the stern shaft being affected by the propeller's own weight and thrust, as well as the uneven force on the stern shaft caused by the interference of water flow on the propeller and the hull, thereby causing the stern shaft to bend and deform, resulting in eccentric force on the stern shaft and irregular force contact with the water-lubricated bearing. This can effectively simulate the effect of stern shaft bending on the water-lubricated bearing. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a simulated closed-loop water lubrication system for a ship water-lubricated bearing test device in a simulated muddy environment, provided by the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a test device for simulating a ship water-lubricated bearing in a silty environment, provided by the present invention, when simulating an open water lubrication system.

[0023] Figure 3 yes Figure 1A schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the stern shaft and the lubrication unit in a test device for simulating a water-lubricated bearing of a ship under silty conditions;

[0024] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the stern shaft and the lubrication unit in a test device for simulating a water-lubricated bearing of a ship under silty conditions;

[0025] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 Left view of the pressurization unit of a test device for water-lubricated bearings of ships under simulated silt and sand conditions;

[0026] In the diagram: 100 - Base unit, 110 - Base, 120 - Motor support, 130 - Drive shaft support, 140 - Bushing support, 150 - Water tank support, 160 - Connecting shaft support, 200 - Shaft unit, 210 - Stern shaft, 220 - Drive assembly, 221 - Drive shaft, 222 - Flexible coupling, 223 - Rotary drive component, 230 - Clutch, 240 - Connecting shaft, 300 - Lubrication unit, 310 - Housing, 311 - Lubrication cavity, 312 - Water inlet, 313 - Water outlet, 314 - Pressure relief port, 315 - Bushing, 316 - Set Cylinder, 317 - End sealing assembly, 318 - Water tank, 3181 - Flow port, 320 - Water lubricated bearing, 330 - Pressure relief valve, 340 - Sealing ring, 350 - Water filling assembly, 360 - Drive pump, 370 - Stirring assembly, 400 - Pressurization unit, 410 - X-direction telescopic drive, 420 - Y-direction telescopic drive, 430 - Z-direction telescopic drive, 440 - Damping plate, 450 - Break-in pad, 500 - Detection unit, 510 - Eddy current sensor, 520 - First pressure sensor, 530 - Acceleration sensor, 540 - Torque sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0028] This invention provides a test device for simulating a water-lubricated bearing in a silty environment, the structure of which is as follows: Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the system includes a base unit 100, a shaft system unit 200, a lubrication unit 300, and a pressurization unit 400. The shaft system unit 200 includes a stern shaft 210 horizontally disposed and rotatably mounted on the base unit 100, and a drive assembly 220 for driving the stern shaft 210 to rotate. The lubrication unit 300 includes a housing 310 and two water-lubricated bearings 320. The housing 310 is rotatably disposed over the outer surface of the stern shaft 210 and fixed to the base unit. On the 100, a sealed lubrication cavity 311 is formed between the housing 310 and the stern shaft 210. Two water-lubricated bearings 320 are both disposed in the lubrication cavity 311 and are spaced apart on the stern shaft 210. The housing 310 is provided with an inlet 312 and an outlet 313 that are both connected to the lubrication cavity 311. The pressurizing unit 400 is connected to the tail end of the stern shaft 210 to apply X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis pressure to the tail end of the stern shaft 210.

[0029] During the experiment, both the inlet 312 and the outlet 313 were connected to the water circulation system. The water circulation system pressurized and supplied circulating water to the lubrication chamber 311 to simulate a closed-loop water lubrication system. The drive assembly 220 could drive the stern shaft 210 to rotate, simulating the actual working conditions of the stern shaft 210. The pressurization unit 400 could apply X, Y, and Z-axis pressures to the tail end of the stern shaft 210 to simulate the uneven stress on the stern shaft 210 caused by the propeller's own weight and thrust during operation, as well as the interference of water flow on the propeller and hull. This caused the stern shaft 210 to bend and deform, resulting in eccentric stress on the stern shaft 210 and irregular stress contact with the water-lubricated bearing 320. This effectively simulated the effect of the bending of the stern shaft 210 on the water-lubricated bearing 320.

[0030] As a preferred embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3The drive assembly 220 is disposed at the proximal end of the stern shaft 210. The drive assembly 220 includes a drive shaft 221, two flexible couplings 222, and a rotation drive component 223. The drive shaft 221 is coaxially arranged with the stern shaft 210 and rotatably mounted on the base unit 100. The two flexible couplings 222 are respectively connected to both ends of the drive shaft 221. One of the flexible couplings 222 is detachably and fixedly connected to the proximal end of the stern shaft 210. The rotation drive component 223 is fixed to the base unit 100, and the output end of the rotation drive component 223 is connected to the drive shaft 221. 21. Coaxial arrangement: The output end of the rotation drive 223 is connected to another elastic coupling 222 to drive the corresponding elastic coupling 222 to rotate. By manipulating the rotation drive 223, the rotation drive 223 can drive the corresponding elastic coupling 222 to rotate. Then, the torque can be transmitted to the transmission shaft 221 through the elastic coupling 222, so that the transmission shaft 221 can rotate. Then, the torque is transmitted to the stern shaft 210 through another elastic coupling 222, so that the stern shaft 210 can rotate, simulating the actual working condition of the stern shaft 210.

[0031] As a preferred embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The shaft unit 200 further includes a clutch 230 and a connecting shaft 240. Both the clutch 230 and the connecting shaft 240 are located at the tail end of the stern shaft 210. The clutch 230 is connected to the tail end of the stern shaft 210. The connecting shaft 240 is coaxially arranged with the stern shaft 210 and rotatably mounted on the base unit 100. One end of the connecting shaft 240 is detachably and fixedly connected to the clutch 230. The clutch 230 and the connecting shaft 240 facilitate contact with the pressurization unit 400, thereby simulating the stress changes generated by the propeller and flexibly controlling its transmission.

[0032] As a preferred embodiment, please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 The housing 310 is also provided with a pressure relief port 314 communicating with the lubrication chamber 311. The lubrication unit 300 also includes a pressure relief valve 330, which is located at the pressure relief port 314 to ensure that the internal pressure of the lubrication chamber 311 is balanced.

[0033] As a preferred embodiment, please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4The housing 310 includes two bushings 315, two sleeves 316, and two end sealing assemblies 317. The two bushings 315 are spaced apart along the length of the stern shaft 210 and are both mounted on the stern shaft 210. Both bushings 315 are fixed to the base unit 100. The two sleeves 316 are positioned between the two bushings 315 along the length of the stern shaft 210 and are both mounted on the stern shaft 210. The proximal ends of the two sleeves 316 are detachably fixedly connected, and the distal ends of the two bushings 315 are respectively connected to one end of the corresponding bushing 315. The two bushings 315 and the two sleeves 316 are sealed together to prevent lubricant leakage. A rubber gasket is provided between the proximal ends of the two sleeves 316 and connected by fastening bolts to prevent leakage and form a closed lubrication environment. The sleeve 316 is equipped with two high-transparency glass windows, which can be used to detect the concentration of wear particles in the lubrication water in the lubrication cavity 311 using detection equipment. The two end sealing components 317 are coaxially sleeved 315 on the stern shaft 210 and are detachably installed on the other end of the corresponding sleeve 315 to seal the end of the sleeve 315, thereby forming a closed structure of the lubrication cavity 311. The structure of the housing 310 makes it easy to disassemble and assemble, facilitating the disassembly and assembly of the two end sealing components 317. After removing the end sealing component 317 at the tail end, the water tank 318 can be connected to the lubrication cavity 311 through the overflow port 3181, thereby changing the simulated closed water lubrication system into an open water lubrication system simulating a muddy environment, achieving full coverage of bench testing of the open and closed water lubrication bearing 320 system, saving costs and improving efficiency.

[0034] As a preferred embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The water-lubricated bearings 320 are respectively interference-fitted onto the corresponding shaft sections at the left and right ends of the stern shaft 210, and the bushings 315 and the end sealing components 317 fix the water-lubricated bearings 320.

[0035] As a preferred embodiment, please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 The inlet 312, the outlet 313, and the pressure relief port 314 are all located on the bushing 315 at the beginning. The inlet 312 and the outlet 313 are located at the top of the bushing 315, and the pressure relief port 314 is located at the bottom of the bushing 315. When the closed lubrication system is changed to an open lubrication system, the inlet 312 and the outlet 313 are still retained. After the test, the system can be flushed and cleaned, and the sewage inside the system can be discharged through the pressure relief port 314.

[0036] As a preferred embodiment, please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 4 The housing 310 also includes a water tank 318, which is detachably and rotatably mounted on the outer side of the stern shaft 210 and fixed to the base unit 100. The upper surface of the water tank 318 is open, and the clutch 230 is located inside the water tank 318. A flow port 3181 is provided on the side wall of the bushing 315 near the tail end of the water tank 318. When the end sealing assembly 317 at the tail end is removed, the water tank 318 communicates with the lubrication cavity 311 through the flow port 3181, thereby changing the simulated closed water lubrication system into an open water lubrication system simulating a muddy environment. This achieves full coverage of bench testing of the open and closed water lubrication bearing 320 system, saving costs and improving efficiency.

[0037] As a preferred embodiment, please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 4 The lubrication unit 300 further includes a sealing ring 340, a water adding component 350, a drive pump 360, and a stirring component 370. The sealing ring 340 is disposed at the outlet 3181. The water adding component 350 is used to add muddy water to the water tank 318. The drive pump 360 is used to extract the muddy water from the water tank 318. The stirring component 370 is used to stir the muddy water in the water tank 318. The water adding component 350 is installed on the upper part of the water tank 318 and has an inlet end and an outlet end. The temperature of the added water can be controlled by the water adding component 350. The upper part of the water adding component 350 is also provided with an impurity adding port, which can adjust the concentration of impurities in the muddy water. The stirring component 370 can evenly stir the impurities in the water. The lubricating water in the water tank 318 can be extracted by the drive pump 360.

[0038] As a preferred embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 5The pressurizing unit 400 includes an X-axis telescopic drive member 410, a Y-axis telescopic drive member 420, and a Z-axis telescopic drive member 430. The X-axis telescopic drive member 410 is horizontally disposed at the other end of the connecting shaft 240 along its length direction and is fixed to the base unit 100. The X-axis telescopic drive member 410 is coaxially disposed with the connecting shaft 240, and its telescopic end is used to abut or separate from the other end of the connecting shaft 240. The Y-axis telescopic drive member 420 is horizontally disposed on the side of the connecting shaft 240 along a direction perpendicular to its length direction and is fixed to the base unit 100. The central axis of the Y-axis telescopic drive member 420 is located on the same horizontal plane as the central axis of the connecting shaft 240, and its telescopic end is used to abut against the side wall of the connecting shaft 240. Alternatively, the Z-axis telescopic drive member 430 is vertically arranged on the side of the connecting shaft 240 along the length direction perpendicular to the connecting shaft 240 and fixed on the base unit 100. The central axis of the Z-axis telescopic drive member 430 and the central axis of the connecting shaft 240 are located on the same vertical plane. The telescopic end of the Z-axis telescopic drive member 430 is used to abut against or separate from the side wall of the connecting shaft 240. By manipulating the X-axis telescopic drive member 410, the Y-axis telescopic drive member 420 and the Z-axis telescopic drive member 430, X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis pressures can be applied to the connecting shaft 240 to simulate the uneven force on the stern shaft 210 caused by the propeller's own weight and thrust during operation, as well as the interference of water flow on the propeller and hull, which causes the stern shaft 210 to bend and deform, resulting in the stern shaft 210 being subjected to eccentric force.

[0039] As a preferred embodiment, please refer to Figure 5 The pressurizing unit 400 further includes three damping plates 440 and three running-in pads 450. The three damping plates 440 and the three running-in pads 450 are respectively disposed at the ends of the telescopic ends of the corresponding X-direction telescopic drive member 410, Y-direction telescopic drive member 420 and Z-direction telescopic drive member 430, which can reduce the impact of contact friction on the connecting shaft 240.

[0040] As a preferred embodiment, please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 5The simulated silt and sand environment ship water-lubricated bearing test device further includes a detection unit 500. The detection unit 500 includes two eddy current sensors 510, three first pressure sensors 520, three acceleration sensors 530, two torque sensors 540, several temperature sensors, and several second pressure sensors. The two eddy current sensors 510 correspond one-to-one with the two water-lubricated bearings 320. The eddy current sensors 510 are sleeved on the water-lubricated bearings 320 and are used to detect the water film thickness. Changes in the water film will cause… The gap between the stern shaft 210 and the water-lubricated bearing 320 changes, and the eddy current sensor 510 can detect the gap distance, thereby detecting the water film thickness. Three first pressure sensors 520 and three acceleration sensors 530 are respectively disposed at the ends of the telescopic ends of the corresponding X-axis telescopic drive member 410, Y-axis telescopic drive member 420, and Z-axis telescopic drive member 430, for detecting loading pressure and vibration acceleration in three directions. The two torque sensors... 540 is respectively disposed on the drive shaft 221 and the connecting shaft 240, for detecting the torque of the drive shaft 221 and the connecting shaft 240, and can transmit torque parameters in real time. Each of the temperature sensors is respectively disposed at the corresponding water inlet 312, water outlet 313 and two bushings 315. Each of the second pressure sensors is respectively disposed at the corresponding water inlet 312, water outlet 313 and two bushings 315. When simulating a closed water lubrication system, the water inlet 312, the... The temperature sensor and the second pressure sensor at the outlet 313 and the bushing 315 at the tail end are in the open state, while the temperature sensor and the second pressure sensor at the bushing 315 at the head end are in the closed state. When simulating an open water lubrication system in a muddy environment, the temperature sensor and the second pressure sensor at the inlet 312 and the outlet 313 are in the closed state, while the temperature sensor and the second pressure sensor in the two bushings 315 are in the open state, which can monitor changes in water temperature and water pressure.

[0041] As a preferred embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2The base unit 100 includes a base 110, a motor support 120, a transmission shaft support 130, two bushing supports 140, a water tank support 150, and a connecting shaft support 160. The motor support 120, transmission shaft support 130, two bushing supports 140, water tank support 150, and connecting shaft support 160 are arranged side-by-side and spaced apart on the base 110. The motor support 120 and transmission shaft support 130 are fixed to the base 110, while the two bushing supports 140, water tank support 150, and connecting shaft support 160 are slidably connected to the base 110 and can slide along a length perpendicular to the transmission shaft 221. The rotating drive component 223 is fixed to the motor support 120, the transmission shaft 221 is rotatably mounted on the rotating shaft support, the two bushings 315 are respectively fixed to the corresponding bushing supports 140, the water tank 318 is fixed to the water tank support 150, and the connecting shaft 240 is rotatably mounted on the connecting shaft support 160. The two bushing supports 140, the water tank support 150, and the connecting shaft support 160 can all move along the length direction perpendicular to the transmission shaft 221, which facilitates the disassembly and assembly of the transmission shaft 221, the stern shaft 210, and the connecting shaft 240, and simplifies the structure of the base unit 100, making it easier to disassemble and assemble.

[0042] To better understand this invention, the following is combined with... Figure 1 - Figure 5 The working principle of the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below:

[0043] During the experiment, a closed-loop water lubrication system was first simulated. Both the inlet 312 and the outlet 313 were connected to a water circulation system. The water circulation system pressurized the lubrication chamber 311 and supplied circulating water. By manipulating the rotation drive 223, the corresponding flexible coupling 222 could be rotated. The flexible coupling 222 then transmitted torque to the drive shaft 221, allowing it to rotate. Another flexible coupling 222 transmitted torque to the stern shaft 210, enabling it to rotate. This simulated the actual working conditions of the stern shaft 210. By manipulating the X-axis telescopic drive 410, the Y-axis telescopic drive 420, and the Z-axis telescopic drive 430, X, Y, and Z-axis pressures could be applied to the connecting shaft 240, simulating the pressure exerted on the stern shaft 210 by the propeller itself during actual operation. The uneven stress on the stern shaft 210 caused by gravity, thrust, and water flow interference with the propeller and hull leads to bending deformation of the stern shaft 210, resulting in eccentric stress on the stern shaft 210 and irregular stress contact with the water-lubricated bearing 320. This effectively simulates the effect of the bending of the stern shaft 210 on the water-lubricated bearing 320 in a closed water lubrication system. Then, simulating an open lubrication system in a silty environment, the end sealing assembly 317 at the stern is removed, and the water tank 318 is connected to the lubrication chamber 311 via the overflow port 3181. This transforms the simulated closed water lubrication system into an open water lubrication system simulating a silty environment. Repeating this process effectively simulates the effect of the bending of the stern shaft 210 on the water-lubricated bearing 320 in an open water lubrication system, achieving full coverage of bench testing for both open and closed water-lubricated bearing 320 systems, saving costs and improving efficiency.

[0044] The present invention provides a test device for water-lubricated bearings of ships under simulated silt and sand conditions, which has the following characteristics:

[0045] Beneficial effects:

[0046] (1) Both bushing supports 140, the water tank support 150 and the connecting shaft support 160 can move along the length direction perpendicular to the transmission shaft 221, which facilitates the disassembly and assembly of the transmission shaft 221, the stern shaft 210 and the connecting shaft 240, and simplifies the structure of the base unit 100, making it easier to disassemble and assemble, improving the compatibility and modifiability of the base unit 100, and saving testing costs;

[0047] (2) Remove the end sealing assembly 317 at the tail end, and connect the water tank 318 to the lubrication chamber 311 via the flow port 3181. This will change the simulated closed water lubrication system into an open water lubrication system that simulates a mud and sand environment, achieving full coverage of the bench test of the open and closed water lubrication bearing 320 system, saving costs and improving efficiency.

[0048] (3) By manipulating the X-axis telescopic drive 410, the Y-axis telescopic drive 420 and the Z-axis telescopic drive 430, X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis pressures can be applied to the connecting shaft 240. This simulates the uneven force on the stern shaft 210 caused by the propeller's own weight and thrust during actual operation, as well as the interference of water flow on the propeller and hull. This causes the stern shaft 210 to bend and deform, resulting in eccentric force on the stern shaft 210. Consequently, the water-lubricated bearing 320 in contact with it experiences irregular force contact. This effectively simulates the effect of the bending of the stern shaft 210 on the water-lubricated bearing 320 in the water lubrication system, ensuring accurate data is obtained by simulating real working conditions in a laboratory environment.

[0049] The specific embodiments of the present invention described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made in accordance with the technical concept of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A test apparatus for simulating a water-lubricated bearing in a silt-sand environment, characterized in that, include: Base unit; A shafting unit, comprising a stern shaft horizontally arranged and rotatably mounted on the base unit, and a drive assembly for driving the stern shaft to rotate; The lubrication unit includes a housing and two water-lubricated bearings. The housing is rotatably mounted on the outer surface of the stern shaft and fixed to the base unit. A sealed lubrication cavity is formed between the housing and the stern shaft. The two water-lubricated bearings are disposed within the lubrication cavity and are spaced apart on the stern shaft. The housing has inlets and outlets that communicate with the lubrication cavity. The housing includes two bushings, two sleeves, two end sealing assemblies, and a water tank. The two bushings are spaced apart along the length of the stern shaft and coaxially mounted on the stern shaft. The two bushings are fixed to the base unit. The two sleeves are spaced apart along the length of the stern shaft. The bushings are coaxially mounted on the stern shaft, and the near ends of the two bushings are detachably fixedly connected. The far ends of the two bushings are respectively connected to one end of the corresponding bushing. The two end sealing assemblies are coaxially mounted on the stern shaft and are detachably installed on the other end of the corresponding bushing to seal the ends of the bushings, forming a closed lubrication cavity. The water tank is detachably and rotatably mounted on the outer side of the stern shaft and fixed to the base unit. A flow port is opened on the side wall of the bushing near the stern end of the water tank. When the end sealing assembly at the stern end is removed, the water tank communicates with the lubrication cavity through the flow port. A pressurizing unit is connected to the tail end of the stern shaft to apply X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis pressure to the tail end of the stern shaft.

2. The test apparatus for simulating a water-lubricated bearing in a silt environment as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The drive assembly is located at the proximal end of the stern shaft. The drive assembly includes a drive shaft, two flexible couplings, and a rotation drive component. The drive shaft is coaxially arranged with the stern shaft and rotatably mounted on the base unit. The two flexible couplings are respectively connected to both ends of the drive shaft. One of the flexible couplings is detachably and fixedly connected to the proximal end of the stern shaft. The rotation drive component is fixed on the base unit. The output end of the rotation drive component is coaxially arranged with the drive shaft and is connected to the other flexible coupling to drive the corresponding flexible coupling to rotate.

3. The test apparatus for simulating a water-lubricated bearing in a silt environment as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The shaft system unit also includes a clutch and a connecting shaft. The clutch and the connecting shaft are both located at the tail end of the stern shaft. The clutch is connected to the tail end of the stern shaft. The connecting shaft is coaxial with the stern shaft and rotatably mounted on the base unit. One end of the connecting shaft is detachably and fixedly connected to the clutch.

4. The test apparatus for simulating a water-lubricated bearing in a silt environment as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The housing is also provided with a pressure relief port that communicates with the lubrication chamber, and the lubrication unit also includes a pressure relief valve, which is located at the pressure relief port.

5. The test apparatus for simulating a water-lubricated bearing in a silt environment according to claim 4, characterized in that, The inlet, outlet, and pressure relief port are all located on the bushing at the head end, with the inlet and outlet located at the top of the bushing and the pressure relief port located at the bottom of the bushing.

6. The test apparatus for simulating a water-lubricated bearing in a silt environment as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The lubrication unit also includes a sealing ring, a water filling assembly, a drive pump, and a stirring assembly. The sealing ring is located at the outlet. The water filling assembly is used to add muddy water into the water tank. The drive pump is used to extract the muddy water from the water tank. The stirring assembly is used to stir the muddy water in the water tank.

7. The test apparatus for simulating a water-lubricated bearing in a silt environment as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The pressurizing unit includes an X-axis telescopic drive, a Y-axis telescopic drive, and a Z-axis telescopic drive. The X-axis telescopic drive is horizontally positioned at the other end of the connecting shaft along its length and fixed to the base unit. The X-axis telescopic drive is coaxial with the connecting shaft, and its telescopic end is used to abut or separate from the other end of the connecting shaft. The Y-axis telescopic drive is horizontally positioned to the side of the connecting shaft along its length perpendicular to the connecting shaft and fixed to the base unit. The central axis of the Y-axis telescopic drive is on the same horizontal plane as the central axis of the connecting shaft, and its telescopic end is used to abut or separate from the side wall of the connecting shaft. The Z-axis telescopic drive is vertically positioned to the side of the connecting shaft along its length perpendicular to the connecting shaft and fixed to the base unit. The central axis of the Z-axis telescopic drive is on the same vertical plane as the central axis of the connecting shaft, and its telescopic end is used to abut or separate from the side wall of the connecting shaft.

8. The test apparatus for simulating a water-lubricated bearing in a silt environment as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The pressurization unit also includes three damping plates and three running-in pads, with the three damping plates and three running-in pads respectively disposed at the ends of the telescopic ends of the corresponding X-axis telescopic drive, Y-axis telescopic drive and Z-axis telescopic drive.

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