A housing quality detection and evaluation system and method

Abstract

The present invention relates to a housing quality detection and evaluation system and method, the system includes a detection unit, an analysis unit, and a feedback unit. The method includes the following steps: detecting cracks in a concrete structure of an area to be evaluated by acoustic, optical and / or mechanical methods; making a comprehensive judgment on the causes, forms, properties and consequences of the cracks in the concrete structure of the area to be evaluated, and classifying the cracks; generating a repair plan and / or maintenance plan for each crack based on the classification of the cracks, wherein the probability, type and timeliness of subsequent crack formation in an area in the area to be evaluated that currently has no cracks is obtained, and the order of subsequent crack formation is predicted based on the timeliness.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of concrete crack detection, and in particular to a housing quality detection and evaluation system and method. Background Art

[0002] Large-area concrete floors are widely used in underground garages, industrial plants, public buildings and commercial centers. As modern "high-performance concrete" has higher and higher cement activity, higher grinding fineness, low water-cement ratio, high strength and high fluidity, the concrete volume shrinkage increases and the risk of cracking increases. At present, large-area concrete floor cracking problems frequently occur, especially the cracks and hollowing phenomenon of garage concrete floors has become a common residential quality defect.

[0003] Although cracks and hollows in the concrete floor of underground garages will not affect the structural bearing capacity, if the cracks are not effectively repaired, they will cause the concrete cracks and hollows to spread rapidly, affecting the durability, appearance and decoration quality of later use. In severe cases, concrete expansion and cracking will occur, causing damage to the floor. For large-scale garages with large areas, especially those with multi-story structures, it is difficult to achieve comprehensive detection by manual crack detection with the naked eye or handheld detection equipment. Usually, the existence of missed cracks will cause serious impact on the quality of the house after growth.

[0004] CN115652779A discloses a crack detection device for concrete detection and a detection method thereof, comprising a main body, a storage box is arranged at the middle position of the upper end of the main body, a transmission seat is arranged on the rear side of the storage box, a liquid crystal display screen is arranged on the rear side of the transmission seat through a bracket, a push handle is welded on the rear side of the upper end of the main body, a sliding space is opened on the front and rear sides inside the main body, rollers are arranged on both sides of the lower end of the sliding space, first transmission threaded rods are rotatably arranged on both sides of the sliding space, a rotating rod is welded on the upper end of the first transmission threaded rod, and the rotating rod is rotatably connected to the sliding space, and a first moving block is rotatably installed on the front side of the first transmission threaded rod.

[0005] CN112634195A discloses a method, device and system for predicting cracks in a concrete structure. The method comprises: receiving speckle image data of a target area in a concrete structure, wherein the speckle image data is collected in an area of ​​the concrete structure where speckles are arranged; inputting time series data corresponding to each of the speckle image data into a trained crack prediction model, and determining crack prediction result data of the corresponding collection area based on the output of the crack prediction model.

[0006] There are many causes of cracks in the concrete floor of the garage. Sometimes cracks caused by different reasons have similar or identical forms, while there are many possible reasons for cracks of the same form. In the face of various cracks in actual projects, it is often difficult to make accurate judgments. The existing technology usually directly uses conventional methods to repair cracks, but when the causes of crack formation are ignored, the selected crack repair method will not be fully adapted to the cracks currently being repaired. Moreover, the causes of crack formation are mostly common problems in the construction process. The fact that cracks have only appeared in local areas does not mean that new cracks will not form in other areas due to the same or different reasons. In addition, the external factors affecting different spatial positions of the garage after it is put into use are also different, and the individual problems that exist will also contribute to the formation of cracks to varying degrees. If repairs are carried out every time cracks appear, it is tantamount to "making up for lost time". How to predict the location where cracks may occur based on the current crack distribution and the corresponding causes of formation and implement countermeasures in advance is the key to "preparing for a rainy day".

[0007] In addition, on the one hand, there are differences in understanding among those skilled in the art; on the other hand, the applicant studied a large number of documents and patents when making the present invention, but due to space limitations, not all details and contents are listed in detail. However, this does not mean that the present invention does not have the characteristics of these prior arts. On the contrary, the present invention already has all the characteristics of the prior art, and the applicant reserves the right to add relevant prior art to the background technology. Summary of the invention

[0008] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a housing quality detection and evaluation system and method to solve at least part of the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0009] The invention discloses a housing quality detection and evaluation system, which comprises:

[0010] a detection unit for detecting cracks in the concrete structure of the area to be evaluated by acoustic, optical and / or mechanical methods;

[0011] The analysis unit makes a comprehensive judgment on the causes, forms, properties and consequences of the cracks in the concrete structure of the area to be evaluated obtained by the detection unit, and classifies the cracks;

[0012] The feedback unit generates a repair plan and / or maintenance plan for each crack based on the classification of the cracks by the analysis unit.

[0013] The analysis unit analyzes the common and / or individual problems of crack formation to obtain the probability, type and timeliness of subsequent crack formation in areas of the evaluated area that currently have no cracks. The analysis unit can predict the order of subsequent crack formation based on timeliness.

[0014] The prior art mainly collects specific detection data of the measurement points, and evaluates the local building quality of the measurement points by means of an appearance recognition model. For example, CN115371651A discloses a quality assessment method and system for building construction. The technical solution obtains the distribution results of the detection points by analyzing the house size parameters and structural information, and then obtains the detection data by performing non-destructive detection and local damage detection of the detection points through an ultrasonic detection device and a sampling device, obtains the concrete appearance image collection set of the building construction, performs appearance evaluation, and generates appearance evaluation data, and finally generates the quality evaluation result through the non-destructive detection data, local damage detection data and appearance evaluation data. The technical solution focuses on the detection of the current state of the building wall, and cannot evaluate and predict the causes of the defect type and the defect change trend. Different from the above-mentioned prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the above-mentioned technical solution of the present invention is how to evaluate the causes of cracks and predict the development trend of cracks. Specifically, the analysis unit of the present invention can not only detect and evaluate the current state information of the cracks, but also analyze the specific reasons for the formation of the cracks to determine the common problems and / or individual problems of the crack formation, so as to obtain the probability, type and timeliness of the subsequent formation of cracks in the area to be evaluated where no cracks currently appear. The analysis unit can predict the order of subsequent crack formation based on timeliness, so that maintenance personnel can take corresponding maintenance measures in time according to the degree of development of the cracks to prevent the cracks from developing in a more serious trend direction. The timeliness can be characterized by the time required for any crack to form naturally minus the time for the crack formation to be accelerated due to human intervention, so as to predict the order of subsequent crack formation. Since the degree of interference at different locations of the garage during its use is different, the crack formation promotion effect it receives is also different. It is necessary to conduct independent analysis on the cracks that may form in each place in order to achieve accurate prediction. In other words, the analysis unit of the present invention can not only predict the subsequent formation of cracks in a garage that is in the construction process (i.e., not yet in use), but also predict the subsequent formation of cracks in a garage that has been in use, and can introduce different degrees of timeliness considerations based on whether the time period to be predicted is in the construction process or the use process, or a process that includes the intersection of the above two processes. Therefore, the present invention can achieve full-time crack prediction from the construction process to the use process, avoiding the "closing the fold after the horse has bolted" behavior of waiting until cracks appear to repair them, and also avoiding the behavior of failing to complete accurate predictions due to a single consideration.

[0015] According to a preferred embodiment, the common problem of crack formation is a cluster constructed by multiple factors that affect crack formation, including but not limited to operation and environment, based on the construction process; the individual problem of crack formation is a cluster constructed by factors that affect crack formation at each spatial position in the area to be evaluated during use. In view of the development trend of abnormal conditions in concrete, the prior art attempts to predict and analyze by using early warning algorithms combined with acquired data. For example, CN116124891A discloses a crack monitoring device and monitoring method based on a crack sensor. The technical solution uses fiber grating technology to monitor and collect data inside concrete, and uses ultrasonic method to perform ultrasonic detection on the position where the concrete data is abnormal, so as to obtain ultrasonic images, thereby fully and comprehensively displaying the internal conditions of the concrete; at the same time, a prediction algorithm is used to calculate and predict the acquired concrete data, and to judge the development trend of abnormal conditions inside the concrete, so as to facilitate a more accurate and comprehensive understanding and grasp of the crack conditions of the concrete, and to make countermeasures and timely maintenance in a more timely manner. However, although the technical solution can judge the development trend of cracks, it does not involve the specific cause analysis of cracks. Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention based on the above-mentioned distinguishing technical features is how to analyze the causes of cracks and take specific maintenance measures according to the corresponding crack development prediction trends.

[0016] Specifically, cracks may be generated during the construction process, such as cracks caused by related operations, construction environment and other factors in the construction process; similarly, cracks can also be generated during subsequent use, such as cracks caused by factors such as load impact on specific areas during use. Cracks cannot rely on a single factor to predict the subsequent development trend, otherwise the subsequent actual crack development trend will be inconsistent with the predicted result due to different causes. Most of the causes of crack formation belong to common problems in the construction process. Even if a local spatial position has never had cracks before, it may generate a certain type of crack that has appeared or has not appeared in the future based on the influence of one or more causes. Therefore, the present invention can predict the formation of cracks in the area to be evaluated where no cracks have appeared without being restricted by the type of cracks that have appeared and their spatial location, and because multiple detection components are configured, the accuracy of the prediction model established by the analysis unit based on the crack distribution in the current area to be evaluated and the causes of each crack can be ensured.

[0017] According to a preferred embodiment, the individual problem of crack formation includes the degree of automobile tire crushing, wherein the analysis unit can superimpose the optimal moving routes corresponding to each parking space to predict the degree of automobile tire crushing in each spatial position in the area to be evaluated. Different from the above-mentioned prior art, the technical problem to be solved by this embodiment of the present invention is how to predict the crack formation trend of the vehicle ground in a manner that is more in line with the actual use scenario of the garage ground. It can be understood that the main impact on the garage ground in the prior art during use comes from the crushing of automobile tires, and the degree of crushing of automobile tires will have an important impact on the formation and spread of cracks. Due to the different planning methods of the garage movement route, the degree of automobile tire crushing on different floors of the garage will be different. For example, the area near the garage exit will be crushed by the most automobile tires; or, different users have different behavioral habits of reversing into the garage, which will cause a specific ground area to be crushed by more automobile tires. Therefore, it is necessary to make a more accurate prediction of the crack generation area of ​​the garage ground based on the actual moving route in the garage.

[0018] The analysis unit can simulate the optimal movement routes corresponding to all parking spaces in the garage according to the division pattern of the determined parking spaces and roads, and predict at least part of the area that is more likely to cause cracks by superimposing all the optimal movement routes. Further, when determining the optimal movement routes of each parking space, the analysis unit can plan a plurality of optional movement routes, and sort them according to the length of the moving distance, wherein the movement route with the shortest moving distance is the optimal movement route. However, since the roads in the garage are usually planned in a criss-cross manner, there may be multiple movement paths with equivalent moving distances. Therefore, the analysis unit can set all movement routes within the error range as the optimal movement routes, and assign weight values ​​to each optimal movement route corresponding to a parking space. Preferably, when superimposing the optimal movement routes, it is performed in a manner that takes into account the parking space attributes, wherein the parking space attributes are the maximum weight specifications of the types of cars that can be parked in the parking space according to regulations.

[0019] According to a preferred embodiment, when predicting the degree of automobile tire crushing, the analysis unit can determine the weight value and / or proportional coefficient of the optimal moving route corresponding to any parking space based on the planning scheme of parking spaces and roads in the area to be evaluated for superposition calculation.

[0020] The analysis unit can obtain the final degree of automobile tire crushing for each optimal moving route in combination with the corresponding weight value and proportional coefficient, and predict at least part of the area that is more likely to cause cracks by superposition. According to the above-mentioned implementation method that is different from the prior art, it can be known that the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to determine the crack generation area that is more in line with the actual degree of automobile tire crushing. Specifically, after the garage is put into use, the division pattern of its parking spaces and roads has been determined. The cars in the garage usually move from the entrance to the parking space and then from the parking space to the exit along the road according to the relatively optimal moving route, or enter or leave the garage according to the moving route habits of different driving users. Based on this, the analysis unit of the present invention can simulate the optimal moving routes corresponding to all parking spaces in the garage according to the determined parking space and road division pattern, and predict at least part of the area that is more likely to cause cracks by superimposing all the optimal moving routes, thereby improving the accuracy of the prediction of the crack occurrence area. Furthermore, when determining the optimal moving route for each parking space, the analysis unit of the present invention can plan multiple optional moving routes and sort them according to the length of the moving distance, wherein the moving route with the shortest moving distance is the optimal moving route. However, since the roads in the garage are usually planned in a criss-cross manner, there may be multiple moving paths with equivalent moving distances. Therefore, the analysis unit of the present invention can set all moving routes within the error range as optimal moving routes, and assign a weight value to each optimal moving route corresponding to a parking space.

[0021] According to a preferred embodiment, the analysis unit can send the prediction results of subsequent crack formation to the feedback unit, so that the feedback unit can select a maintenance plan that matches the corresponding crack from several preset maintenance plans and feed back the maintenance plan to the user.

[0022] According to a preferred embodiment, the feedback unit can suggest the user to start the maintenance operation directly according to the maintenance plan and / or suggest the user to start the maintenance operation after judging the prediction results at the proofreading point, wherein one or more time nodes at the front of the sequence are selected as proofreading points based on the timeliness ranking of the cracks, and the detection unit can detect the corresponding crack position when reaching the proofreading point to judge the prediction result. According to the above-mentioned embodiment that is different from the prior art, it can be known that the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to detect the accuracy of crack prediction before executing the maintenance plan. Specifically, when the prediction result is within the set error range, the feedback unit can suggest the user to start the maintenance operation according to the maintenance plan; when the prediction result is outside the set error range, it can be re-predicted according to the crack distribution in the current area to be evaluated to generate a new maintenance plan, thereby avoiding the waste of maintenance resources caused by large errors.

[0023] According to a preferred embodiment, the first detection component configured in the detection unit can scan the area to be evaluated based on the movement of the carrying component to obtain the ground state of the area to be evaluated and mark the location of each crack on the plan view of the area to be evaluated.

[0024] According to a preferred embodiment, the second detection component configured in the detection unit can be switched to an activated state when the first detection component completes data transmission and switches to an off state, and performs morphological evaluation of the crack in a manner different from that of the first detection component.

[0025] According to a preferred embodiment, the detection unit can set a third detection component at the location of the crack end and / or the location of the maximum crack width, wherein the data information of the third detection component can be obtained by the first detection component by performing image acquisition on the display data.

[0026] The present invention discloses a residential quality detection and evaluation method, which comprises the following steps:

[0027] Detection of cracks in the concrete structure of the area to be assessed by acoustic, optical and / or mechanical methods;

[0028] Make a comprehensive judgment on the causes, forms, properties and consequences of cracks in the concrete structure of the area to be evaluated, and classify the cracks;

[0029] Generate a repair plan and / or maintenance plan for each crack based on the classification of the cracks.

[0030] Among them, by analyzing the common problems and / or individual problems of crack formation, the probability, type and timeliness of subsequent crack formation in the area to be evaluated where no cracks currently appear are obtained, and the order of subsequent crack formation is predicted based on the timeliness. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 It is a simplified module connection relationship diagram of a housing quality detection and evaluation system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Reference numerals list

[0033] 100: detection unit; 110: first detection component; 120: second detection component; 130: third detection component; 140: carrying component; 200: analysis unit; 300: feedback unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following is a detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0035] There are many causes of cracks in garage concrete floors. Sometimes cracks caused by different reasons have similar or identical shapes, while cracks of the same shape have many possible causes. Faced with various cracks in actual projects, it is often difficult to make an accurate judgment. The reasons for visible cracks in garage concrete floors are complicated. From a technical perspective, there are generally the following aspects:

[0036] 1. In the underground garage engineering structure, the ground concrete produces constraint stress due to the restriction of free expansion and contraction deformation under the indirect effects of non-stress shrinkage, temperature difference or uneven settlement. When this constraint stress exceeds a certain limit, shrinkage cracks will occur in the tensile stress concentration areas such as deformation joints.

[0037] Concrete solidifies by generating hydration heat from the cementitious materials in it. During the hydration heat conversion process, the water in the concrete needs to evaporate, which causes the volume of the concrete to shrink. Since the design thickness of the concrete surface layer is relatively thin, generally 5 to 10 cm, when the concrete solidifies and shrinks, expansion joints will cause warping at the expansion joints; if there are no expansion joints, the concrete surface layer will crack due to shrinkage, and warping or bulging will occur at the cracks. Many construction sites have corresponding requirements for the strength of the concrete surface layer due to later use. During construction, corundum or other materials that increase compression resistance and strength will be pressed on the surface layer. In this way, the strength of the concrete surface layer is too high, which will aggravate the shrinkage of the concrete and cause more serious warping of the surface layer.

[0038] 2. Poor interface treatment: Traditional interface treatment uses cement slurry to bond new and old concrete, but the bonding strength of cement slurry can no longer meet the current construction requirements of commercial concrete. If the interface bonding treatment of the base layer is not in place, it will have a great impact on the hollowing in the later stage.

[0039] 3. Improper construction and maintenance: Adding water to concrete will seriously affect its workability, resulting in hollowing and cracks on the concrete floor. If the later maintenance is not in place, the hollowing and cracks will only become more and more serious. Construction factors that cause cracking in underground garages include: improper splitting and cutting; the surface layer is not pressed and smeared; maintenance coverage is not timely; the maintenance environment is not moisturizing and heat-insulating enough.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention proposes a housing quality detection and evaluation system, wherein the system may include:

[0042] A detection unit 100 detects cracks in the concrete structure of the area to be evaluated by acoustic, optical and / or mechanical methods;

[0043] The analysis unit 200 makes a comprehensive judgment on the causes, forms, properties and consequences of the cracks in the concrete structure of the area to be evaluated obtained by the detection unit 100, and classifies the cracks;

[0044] The feedback unit 300 generates a repair plan and / or maintenance plan for each crack based on the classification of the cracks by the analysis unit 200.

[0045] Preferably, the detection unit 100 that can move freely on the ground of the area to be evaluated by means of the carrying component 140 can be configured with one or more detection components to detect cracks using the same or different detection methods. Preferably, the ground of the area to be evaluated can be part or all of the ground of the garage.

[0046] Preferably, the carrier 140 may include a plurality of rollers and a motor that drives the rollers to rotate through a transmission mechanism, so that the detection unit 100 can be moved by the carrier 140. Preferably, the carrier 140 can be recorded in the plan view of the area to be evaluated, so that the carrier 140 can plan the most reasonable movement trajectory based on its motion characteristics, thereby ensuring that the movement trajectory almost fully covers the area to be evaluated, wherein the plan view of the area to be evaluated can directly use the design and construction drawings to save modeling costs. Furthermore, the carrier 140 can establish a coordinate system on the recorded plan view of the area to be evaluated, so that any point in the area to be evaluated can be located to the corresponding coordinates.

[0047] Preferably, the first detection component 110 configured by the detection unit 100 can scan the area to be evaluated based on the movement of the carrier component 140 to obtain the ground state of the area to be evaluated, so as to mark the location of each crack on the plane map of the area to be evaluated. Further, the first detection component 110 can mark the crack position in the following manner: the crack ends existing on the ground and their coordinate positions can be quickly determined by mobile scanning, and the crack ends with associated relationships are organized into a coordinate set, so that the maximum geometric area (or circumscribed rectangle) formed by the connecting lines of all coordinates in the coordinate set is preliminarily set as the plane area occupied by a crack, wherein the first detection component 110 can preliminarily confirm the association relationship of multiple crack ends based on the relative position relationship to obtain a relatively fuzzy detection result, and the crack distribution in the area to be evaluated can be roughly determined based on the detection result.

[0048] Preferably, the first detection component 110 can send the plan view marked with the crack positions to the analysis unit 200, so that the analysis unit 200 can determine the preliminary causes of the cracks by using the crack distribution map.

[0049] Preferably, according to the characteristics of the crack image, before the target detection and recognition, image preprocessing is required, which mainly includes: histogram equalization enhancement, median filtering denoising, contrast enhancement, binarization processing, binary image filtering and other steps, wherein the threshold is determined in the binarization process by combining the custom threshold method with the iterative adaptive method; binary image filtering is mainly the area filtering of the connected area, and filtering and denoising are performed by removing small area noise. After preprocessing, the crack image can obtain a binary image that highlights the crack target, and then the crack target can be obtained and detected and recognized based on the morphological regional features. The shape recognition of the crack can be determined by calculating the aspect ratio of the circumscribed rectangle of the crack target in the image. Furthermore, the position of the crack can be represented by a coordinate set composed of the vertex coordinates of its circumscribed rectangle.

[0050] Further, the first detection component 110 that completes data transmission can be switched to a closed state, and the second detection component 120 can be switched to a start state. Preferably, when the carrier component 140 detects the switching signal between the first detection component 110 and the second detection component 120, it can move to the position corresponding to one or more cracks in the area to be evaluated according to the coordinate set of the crack, so that the second detection component 120 can perform morphological evaluation of the crack in a manner different from that of the first detection component 110, wherein the crack morphological data may include measurement of width and depth. Preferably, the second detection component 120 can use an acoustic method to perform morphological evaluation of the crack, wherein the acoustic method may include the use of ultrasonic waves. Further, when measuring the crack width, the maximum crack width may be preferentially selected; when measuring the crack depth, the flat measurement method (i.e., installing the transmitting probe and the receiving probe on the same side of the component) and / or the oblique measurement method (i.e., installing the transmitting probe and the receiving probe symmetrically on both sides of the crack) may be used. The principle of the ultrasonic method is to use high-frequency ultrasound (10-250kHz) as a carrier of information to detect concrete components, measure parameters such as the propagation speed of ultrasonic pulse longitudinal waves in concrete, the change in the first wave amplitude, and the frequency of received signals, and determine the defects in the concrete based on the relative changes of these parameters.

[0051] Preferably, the second detection component 120 can send the morphological data together with the coordinate set to which the crack belongs to to the analysis unit 200, so that the analysis unit 200 can match the morphological data with the preliminary cause based on the coordinate set, thereby obtaining the crack type and the specific cause of formation, wherein the crack type may include shrinkage cracks, temperature cracks, settlement cracks and alkali-aggregate reaction cracks, etc.

[0052] Preferably, the common shrinkage cracks in the concrete floor of the underground garage include plastic shrinkage and drying shrinkage cracks. Plastic shrinkage cracks refer to concrete cracks caused by water seepage inside the concrete, rapid evaporation of water, and direct uneven settlement of aggregates and cement slurry due to the heat of cement hydration before the final setting of the concrete. The concrete floor of the underground garage has a large contact surface with the air. If the maintenance conditions are poor, the surface water evaporates quickly, which can easily lead to plastic shrinkage cracks. Drying shrinkage cracks are caused by the loss of water inside the concrete, which reduces the volume of the concrete and causes concrete shrinkage cracks. This type of crack is easy to occur on the first floor of the underground garage when the seams are cut late.

[0053] After pouring and curing for a period of time, the liquid concrete mixture can solidify to form solid concrete, resulting in volume reduction and shrinkage, which in turn causes constrained internal stress and forms internal cracks. Concrete shrinkage can be roughly divided into three categories: gel shrinkage, drying shrinkage, and carbonization shrinkage. Generally, for ordinary concrete in underground garages, drying shrinkage accounts for a large proportion of the total shrinkage value. Therefore, only the shrinkage cracks of underground garage concrete are analyzed here. Concrete floor slabs will experience large-scale drying shrinkage in the first 5 to 8 days after pouring. After 5 to 8 days, the drying shrinkage rate of the floor slab slows down significantly, and the deformation of the floor slab changes with weather and temperature.

[0054] When concrete is still in a certain plastic state at the beginning of pouring, water evaporates quickly from the pouring surface, and cracks appear in the concrete due to volume shrinkage. The cracks are distributed in irregular polygons or roughly parallel to each other. The distance between the cracks is a few centimeters at the smallest and more than ten centimeters at the largest. These cracks are shallow at first and gradually develop into through cracks.

[0055] After the concrete is poured, the surface is not covered in time, and it is exposed to wind and sun, so the free water on the surface evaporates too quickly, resulting in a sharp volume shrinkage. At this time, the early strength of the concrete is low, and it cannot resist this deformation stress, resulting in cracks. Using cement with a large shrinkage rate, excessive cement dosage, excessive silt sand, or excessive water-cement ratio of concrete may all contribute to the formation of cracks. For example, if the water-cement ratio of concrete is too large, the formwork and cushion layer are too dry, and the water absorption is large, plastic cracks will appear in the concrete. Concrete poured on a slope tends to flow downward due to gravity, which is also the cause of this type of cracks.

[0056] Preferably, the temperature distribution of the garage concrete floor is uneven during the heating and cooling process after pouring. However, the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the concrete only causes self-constraint, mainly producing surface cracks, while the average temperature drop difference causes external constraint, which is the main reason for the through cracks. The direction of the surface temperature cracks has no certain regularity, often crisscrossing in a turtle-like shape, and mostly occurs during construction. Deep and through temperature cracks are generally parallel or nearly parallel to the short side direction of the structure or component. The cracks appear in segments along the entire length, mostly occurring 2 to 3 months or longer after the concrete is poured, and the cracks are wide in winter and narrow in summer.

[0057] The concrete floor of the garage is generally composed of a structural layer, a leveling layer and a cement self-leveling layer. Most of the surface temperature cracks are caused by large temperature differences. During the hardening period of the concrete structural components, the cement releases a large amount of hydration heat, and the internal temperature continues to rise, resulting in a large temperature difference between the concrete surface and the interior.

[0058] When non-uniform cooling occurs, it will cause a sharp temperature change on the concrete surface and produce a large cooling shrinkage. At this time, the leveling layer is constrained by the structural layer, which will produce a large tensile stress in the leveling layer concrete, and the early tensile strength of concrete is very low, so cooling shrinkage cracks appear. However, this temperature difference is large at the surface and quickly weakens away from the surface. Therefore, cracks only appear in a shallow range close to the surface, and the structure below the surface remains intact.

[0059] Preferably, settlement shrinkage cracks are caused by the vibration of the formwork, the sinking of the aggregate by its own weight, and the excessive exudation of water on the surface after the concrete is vibrated during the construction process when the concrete has no strength yet. Such cracks are generally deep, and the longitudinal cracks that appear along the direction of the steel bars are a common cause of steel corrosion. For the bottom layer of the underground garage, due to the difference in settlement between the core soil and the concrete foundation, the garage concrete floor produces tensile stress, and the concrete produces oblique cracks around the columns. The cracks are mostly penetrating or deep, and the crack width is in a certain proportion to the settlement. After the deformation of the bearing soil layer stabilizes, the cracks also tend to stabilize. Such cracks often appear in the bottom layer of the garage where the backfill soil is not well treated.

[0060] Preferably, alkali-aggregate reaction cracks are cracks caused by alkali-aggregate reaction in concrete. When concrete is unconstrained (without reinforcement or with few reinforcements), alkali-aggregate reaction cracks are in a mesh (turtle pattern), the crack mesh is close to a hexagon, the cracks are divided into three parts from the mesh nodes, the angle is about 120°, and small cracks can be developed between the larger hexagons. When the alkali-aggregate reaction is constrained by steel bars or external forces, its expansion force will be perpendicular to the direction of the constraint force, while the expansion cracks will be parallel to the direction of the constraint force, and cracks along the reinforcement will appear. The depth of alkali-aggregate reaction expansion cracks in large-volume unreinforced concrete can reach tens of centimeters and the width can reach about 25px. The depth of alkali-aggregate expansion cracks in reinforced concrete generally does not exceed the thickness of the protective layer, and the width is mostly 0.3 to 0.5mm. Alkali-aggregate reaction cracks are usually accompanied by exudates, mostly translucent milky white or yellowish brown, and sometimes tea brown or black. There are similarities with the mesh cracks caused by shrinkage, but shrinkage cracks appear earlier, mostly within a few days after construction. Alkali-aggregate reaction cracks appear later, usually several years or even 10 to 20 years after construction.

[0061] The slow expansive chemical reaction of active silicon in aggregate with alkaline materials generated by cement hydration, or contained in admixtures, or introduced from the outside (such as curing water, groundwater, alkaline solutions in adjacent structures, etc.) may gradually lead to cracking of concrete. The alkali-silica reaction results in the formation of an expansive gel that absorbs water from other parts of the structure, which causes local expansion accompanied by tensile stresses and ultimately complete destruction of the structure. In some cases, carbonate rocks participate in the chemical reaction with alkalis, resulting in harmful expansion and cracking. These harmful alkali-carbon reactions are mainly related to dolomitic limestones of clayey soils, which have a very fine grain structure (cryptocrystalline). The affected concrete shows a network of cracks. This reaction differs from the alkali-silica reaction in that there is no accumulation of gel in the cracks.

[0062] Preferably, the analysis unit 200 can input other basic information of the current project in advance, such as actual parameters of structural components, other defects in related areas, service conditions of structural components and environmental conditions, etc., so as to more accurately determine the type of cracks and the corresponding causes of formation, wherein the actual parameters of structural components include the thickness of each structural layer of garage floor concrete, cutting quality, reinforcement construction measures, etc.; other defects in related areas include honeycombs, hollows, etc.; the service conditions and environmental conditions of structural components include load-bearing conditions, environmental conditions, corrosion, etc.

[0063] Preferably, the analysis unit 200 can predict the subsequent growth of each crack based on the distribution of cracks in the current area to be evaluated and the causes of the formation of each crack. Furthermore, a third detection component 130 can be provided at the corresponding position of at least part of the cracks in the area to be evaluated, so as to obtain the deformation of the cracks within a preset time period through the third detection component 130, wherein the selected cracks may belong to different crack types, and the deformation may include horizontal deformation and / or vertical deformation. Preferably, the third detection component 130 can be provided at the position where the end of the crack is located and / or the position where the maximum crack width is located. Preferably, the third detection component 130 can be configured as a micrometer. Further, when the end point of the preset time period is reached, the data information of the third detection component 130 can be collected and sent to the analysis unit 200, so as to obtain the deformation of the crack within the preset time period, wherein the data information of the third detection component 130 can be obtained by the first detection component 110, that is, the first detection component 110 can be driven by the carrier component 140 to move in sequence to the crack position where the third detection component 130 is configured in the area to be evaluated, and obtain the display data of the third detection component 130 by image acquisition. Preferably, the analysis unit 200 can judge the accuracy of the previously predicted crack growth situation based on the data information of the third detection component 130, wherein when the accuracy is lower than the set threshold, data acquisition needs to be performed again to re-determine the crack type and the corresponding formation cause.

[0064] Preferably, the analysis unit 200 can send the crack type and the corresponding formation cause together with the coordinate set to which the crack belongs to to the feedback unit 300, so that the feedback unit 300 can select a repair scheme matching the corresponding crack from several preset repair schemes, and feed back the repair scheme to the user, wherein the repair scheme may include surface treatment method, grooving and patching method and grouting repair method, etc.

[0065] Preferably, the analysis unit 200 can predict the probability and type of cracks that will be formed in the area where no cracks appear in the future based on the crack distribution in the current area to be evaluated and the causes of the formation of each crack. The causes of crack formation are mostly common problems in the construction process. Even if a local spatial position has never had cracks before, it may generate a certain type of crack that has appeared or has not appeared in the future based on the influence of one or more causes of formation. Therefore, the present invention can predict the formation of cracks in the area where no cracks appear in the area to be evaluated without being limited by the type of cracks that have appeared and their spatial locations. Moreover, since a plurality of detection components are configured, the accuracy of the prediction model established by the analysis unit 200 based on the crack distribution in the current area to be evaluated and the causes of the formation of each crack can be ensured.

[0066] Preferably, in addition to the common problems in the construction process, new cracks may also be formed in other spatial locations due to individual problems in the use process, wherein individual problems in the use process may include differential deformation caused by different degrees of rolling of automobile tires. Furthermore, since the parking spaces and roads of the garage have been determined after it is put into use, the cars in the garage usually move from the entrance to the parking spaces and then from the parking spaces to the exit along the roads according to the relatively optimal movement route. Based on this, the analysis unit 200 can simulate the optimal movement routes corresponding to all parking spaces in the garage according to the determined parking spaces and roads division pattern, and predict at least part of the area that is more likely to cause cracks by superimposing all the optimal movement routes.

[0067] Furthermore, when determining the optimal moving route for each parking space, the analysis unit 200 can plan multiple optional moving routes and sort them according to the length of the moving distance, wherein the moving route with the shortest moving distance is the optimal moving route. However, since the roads in the garage are usually planned in a criss-cross manner, there may be multiple moving paths with equivalent moving distances. Therefore, the analysis unit 200 can set all moving routes within the error range as the optimal moving routes, and assign a weight value to each optimal moving route corresponding to a parking space.

[0068] Preferably, when performing the optimal moving route superposition, the parking space attribute is considered, wherein the parking space attribute is the maximum weight specification of the type of car that can be parked in the parking space according to the regulations. According to the different building attributes of the residence, there may be a variety of different types of cars such as small cars, medium-sized buses and / or large trucks entering the garage. As for the parking spaces in the garage, due to the different occupied spaces defined, only some types of cars can be allowed to park, and they are usually backward compatible. For example, a parking space that can park a medium-sized bus can usually also park a small car, and a parking space that can park a large truck can usually also park a medium-sized bus and / or a small car. Therefore, a parking space that can park a large truck can have a first parking space attribute, a parking space that can park a medium-sized truck can have a second parking space attribute, and a parking space that can park a small truck can have a third parking space attribute. Since different types of cars usually have different destination areas in the garage, when dividing parking spaces and roads, the parking spaces near the corresponding destination areas can be preferentially planned as corresponding parking space attributes. For example, a parking space near a supermarket entrance may have a first parking space attribute; a parking space near a commercial / commercial-residential building entrance may have a second parking space attribute; and a parking space near a residential building entrance may have a third parking space attribute. The above is only an example, which can be used as an initial planning state. The specific planning method can be adjusted and determined by the developer according to the actual situation, and the parking space attributes of all parking spaces can be entered into the analysis unit 200 after determination.

[0069] Preferably, the analysis unit 200 can assign values ​​to the corresponding optimal moving routes according to the parking space attributes of each parking space in the garage, wherein the optimal moving route corresponding to the parking space with the first parking space attribute can be assigned a first proportional coefficient, the optimal moving route corresponding to the parking space with the second parking space attribute can be assigned a second proportional coefficient, and the optimal moving route corresponding to the parking space with the third parking space attribute can be assigned a third proportional coefficient. Further, the first proportional coefficient, the second proportional coefficient, and the third proportional coefficient are set in a decreasing manner, and the decreasing amplitude may not be constant. Preferably, the first proportional coefficient, the second proportional coefficient, and the third proportional coefficient can be determined according to the average weight specifications of large trucks, medium-sized buses, and small cars, respectively. Therefore, the analysis unit 200 can obtain the final degree of automobile tire crushing for each optimal moving route in combination with the corresponding weight value and proportional coefficient, and predict at least part of the area that is more likely to cause cracks by superposition.

[0070] Preferably, the analysis unit 200 can conduct a comprehensive analysis of common problems and individual problems to obtain the probability, type and timeliness of subsequent crack formation in the area to be evaluated where no cracks currently appear, wherein the timeliness can be characterized by the time required for any crack to form naturally minus the time for the crack to form accelerated by human intervention, so as to predict the order of subsequent crack formation. Since the degree of interference at different locations of the garage during the process of being put into use is different, the promotion effect of crack formation is also different, and independent analysis of cracks that may be formed in various places is required to achieve accurate prediction. In other words, the analysis unit 200 of the present invention can not only predict the subsequent crack formation of the garage in the construction process (i.e., the process of not being put into use), but also predict the subsequent crack formation of the garage that has been put into use, and can introduce different degrees of timeliness considerations based on whether the time period required for prediction is in the construction process or the use process, or the boundary process containing the above two processes. Therefore, the present invention can realize the full-time crack prediction from the construction process to the use process, which not only avoids the "closing the fold after the horse has bolted" behavior of waiting until cracks appear to carry out repairs, but also avoids the behavior of failing to complete accurate prediction due to considering a single factor.

[0071] Preferably, the analysis unit 200 may send the prediction result to the feedback unit 300, so that the feedback unit 300 may select a maintenance plan that matches the corresponding crack from a number of preset maintenance plans, and feed back the maintenance plan to the user.

[0072] Preferably, the feedback unit 300 can suggest the user to directly start the maintenance operation according to the maintenance plan, or select one or more time nodes at the front of the sequence as proofreading points based on the timeliness of the cracks, so that when the proofreading point is reached, the corresponding crack position is detected by the detection unit 100 to judge the prediction result. When the prediction result is within the set error range, the feedback unit 300 can suggest the user to start the maintenance operation according to the maintenance plan; when the prediction result is outside the set error range, a new prediction can be made based on the crack distribution of the current area to be evaluated to generate a new maintenance plan, thereby avoiding the waste of maintenance resources caused by large errors.

[0073] Example 2

[0074] This embodiment is a further improvement on Embodiment 1, and the repeated contents will not be repeated here.

[0075] The present invention proposes a housing quality detection and evaluation method, which comprises the following steps:

[0076] Detection of cracks in the concrete structure of the area to be assessed by acoustic, optical and / or mechanical methods;

[0077] Make a comprehensive judgment on the causes, forms, properties and consequences of cracks in the concrete structure of the area to be evaluated, and classify the cracks;

[0078] A repair plan and / or maintenance plan for each crack is generated based on the classification of the cracks.

[0079] Preferably, by analyzing the common problems and / or individual problems of crack formation, the probability, type and timeliness of subsequent crack formation in areas of the evaluated area that currently have no cracks are obtained, and the order of subsequent crack formation is predicted based on the timeliness.

[0080] It should be noted that the above-mentioned specific embodiments are exemplary, and those skilled in the art can come up with various solutions inspired by the disclosure of the present invention, and these solutions also belong to the disclosure scope of the present invention and fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention specification and its drawings are illustrative and do not constitute a limitation on the claims. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents. The present invention specification contains multiple inventive concepts, such as "preferably", "according to a preferred embodiment" or "optionally", all of which indicate that the corresponding paragraph discloses an independent concept, and the applicant reserves the right to file a divisional application based on each inventive concept. Throughout the text, the features guided by "preferably" are only an optional method and should not be understood as being required. Therefore, the applicant reserves the right to abandon or delete the relevant preferred features at any time.

Claims

1. A housing quality detection and evaluation system, comprising: A detection unit (100) for detecting cracks in the concrete structure of the area to be evaluated by acoustic, optical and / or mechanical methods; An analysis unit (200) performs a comprehensive judgment on the causes, forms, properties and consequences of cracks in the concrete structure of the area to be evaluated obtained by the detection unit (100), and classifies the cracks; A feedback unit (300) generates a repair plan and / or maintenance plan for each crack based on the classification of the cracks by the analysis unit (200), The invention is characterized in that the first detection component (110) configured in the detection unit (100) sends the plane map marked with the crack positions to the analysis unit (200), and the analysis unit (200) determines the preliminary causes of the cracks through the crack distribution map; The second detection component (120) configured in the detection unit (100) sends the morphological data with the coordinate set to which the crack belongs to to the analysis unit (200), and the analysis unit (200) matches the morphological data with the preliminary cause of formation based on the coordinate set to obtain the crack type and the specific cause of formation; The analysis unit (200) predicts the subsequent growth of each crack based on the distribution of cracks in the current area to be evaluated and the causes of formation of each crack; The analysis unit (200) analyzes common problems and / or individual problems of crack formation to obtain the probability, type and timeliness of subsequent crack formation in an area to be evaluated that currently has no cracks. The analysis unit (200) can predict the order of subsequent crack formation based on timeliness.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The common problems of crack formation are clusters constructed based on multiple factors that affect crack formation during the construction process, including but not limited to operation and environment; the individual problems of crack formation are clusters constructed based on the factors that affect crack formation at various spatial locations in the area to be evaluated during use.

3. The system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Individual problems in the formation of cracks include the degree of crushing of automobile tires, wherein the analysis unit (200) can superimpose the optimal moving routes corresponding to each parking space to predict the degree of crushing of automobile tires at each spatial position in the area to be evaluated.

4. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that When predicting the degree of automobile tire crushing, the analysis unit (200) can determine the weight value and / or proportional coefficient of the optimal moving route corresponding to any parking space based on the planning scheme of parking spaces and roads in the area to be evaluated, so as to perform superposition calculation.

5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The analysis unit (200) can send the prediction result of subsequent crack formation to the feedback unit (300), so that the feedback unit (300) can select a maintenance plan that matches the corresponding crack from a plurality of preset maintenance plans, and feed back the maintenance plan to the user.

6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The feedback unit (300) can suggest the user to directly start the maintenance operation according to the maintenance plan and / or suggest the user to start the maintenance operation after judging the prediction result at the proofreading point, wherein one or more time nodes at the front of the sequence are selected as proofreading points based on the timeliness ranking of the cracks, and the detection unit (100) can detect the corresponding crack position when reaching the proofreading point to judge the prediction result.

7. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The first detection component (110) can scan the area to be evaluated based on the movement of the carrying component (140) to obtain the ground state of the area to be evaluated and mark the location of each crack on the plane map of the area to be evaluated.

8. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that The second detection component (120) is capable of switching to an activated state when the first detection component (110) completes data transmission and switches to an inactivated state, and performs morphological evaluation of cracks in a manner different from that of the first detection component (110).

9. The system according to claim 8, characterized in that The detection unit (100) can be provided with a third detection component (130) at the location of the crack end and / or the location of the maximum crack width, wherein the data information of the third detection component (130) can be obtained by the first detection component (110) by performing image acquisition on the display data.

10. A residential quality inspection and evaluation method using the system of claim 1, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Detection of cracks in the concrete structure of the area to be assessed by acoustic, optical and / or mechanical methods; Make a comprehensive judgment on the causes, forms, properties and consequences of cracks in the concrete structure of the area to be evaluated, and classify the cracks; generating a repair plan and / or maintenance plan for each crack based on the classification of the cracks, in, By analyzing the common and / or individual problems of crack formation, the probability, type and timeliness of subsequent crack formation in the area to be evaluated where no cracks currently exist can be obtained, and the order of subsequent crack formation can be predicted based on the timeliness.

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