A laser-arc welding device and method for narrow gap welding of aluminum alloy plate

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of laser electric arc welding device and method of aluminium alloy medium plate narrow gap, the gap reserved between base material is big blunt edge small groove angle form, TIG welding gun one is arranged in sequence along welding direction above base material, MIG / MAG welding gun, laser beam two, welding wire, laser beam one, shielding gas nozzle.In the back of base material along the welding direction, TIG welding gun two, ultrasonic amplitude rod, TIG welding gun three are arranged in sequence.TIG arc between upper and lower TIG welding gun can preheat / melt the base material of butt joint gap, it is favorable to the wet spreading nature of welding wire after melting of MIG / MAG welding gun enters butt joint gap.Special fixture is used to connect TIG welding gun one, MIG / MAG welding gun, laser beam two, welding wire, laser beam one, shielding gas nozzle, then synchronous swing device is connected with this fixture.It can realize to improve laser energy utilization and welding efficiency, reduce porosity, incomplete fusion, undercut and other welding defects, improve weld structure and mechanical properties.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser welding technology, and in particular to a laser arc welding apparatus and method for narrow gap welding of medium-thick aluminum alloy plates. Background Technology

[0002] Laser welding of aluminum alloys offers numerous advantages, including high welding speed, minimal welding deformation, a large weld depth-to-width ratio, and a small heat-affected zone. However, the application of laser welding technology in aluminum alloys still faces many challenges, and fundamental research on the microscopic mechanisms of defect formation in aluminum alloy laser welding remains incomplete. Defect formation during the welding process is a crucial factor directly affecting weld quality; the presence of welding defects significantly reduces the performance of the welded joint. Therefore, defect control has become a vital indicator of the feasibility of a welding process.

[0003] Laser-MIG hybrid welding technology organically combines laser welding and MIG welding technologies, overcoming their respective shortcomings to achieve better welding processability and obtain high-quality weld joints. However, in laser-MIG hybrid welding, the welding current needs to be increased to increase the melting rate of the welding wire. This results in excessive heat input to the weld, leading to defects such as large deformation of the welded workpiece, coarse grain structure, and poor mechanical properties.

[0004] Chinese patent "Method for Oscillating Welding Using Laser-GMA Arc Hybrid Welding Device" (application number: 200910311165X) discloses a method for oscillating welding using a laser-GMA arc hybrid welding device, which relates to a laser-gas metal arc welding hybrid welding method. In this method, for medium-thick plates with reserved butt joint gaps, the filler wire amount must be increased to fill the gaps and bevels, thus requiring an increased welding current. This results in excessive heat input to the weld, leading to defects such as large workpiece deformation, coarse grain structure, and poor mechanical properties. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a laser arc welding device and method for narrow gap aluminum alloy medium-thick plates, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art, improve laser energy utilization and welding efficiency, reduce welding defects such as porosity, lack of fusion, and undercut, and improve weld structure and mechanical properties.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a laser arc welding device for narrow-gap aluminum alloy medium-thick plates, comprising a synchronous oscillation device; the synchronous oscillation device is fixedly connected to a clamp, the clamp being fixedly connected to a first laser, a second laser, a TIG welding torch one, a TIG welding torch two, a MIG / MAG welding torch, a shielding gas nozzle one, a shielding gas nozzle two, a TIG welding torch three, and welding wire; the TIG welding torch one and the TIG welding torch two are electrically connected to a TIG power supply one, the MIG / MAG welding torch is electrically connected to a MIG / MAG power supply, and the TIG welding torch three is electrically connected to a TIG power supply two; the TIG power supply one and the MIG / MAG power supply are electrically connected to the same aluminum alloy medium-thick plate base material; the shielding gas nozzle one... The first and second protective gas nozzles are respectively disposed on the upper and lower sides of the base material and inclined towards the weld seam of the base material; the first laser and the second laser are respectively capable of generating laser beam one and laser beam two; along the weld seam welding direction of the top surface of the base material, the first protective gas nozzle, the first laser beam, the welding wire, the second laser beam, the MIG / MAG welding torch, and the first TIG welding torch are arranged in sequence; along the weld seam welding direction of the bottom surface of the base material, the second protective gas nozzle, the third TIG welding torch, and the second TIG welding torch are arranged in sequence; an ultrasonic amplitude transformer is disposed between the third TIG welding torch and the second TIG welding torch, and the ultrasonic amplitude transformer is detachably connected to the bottom surface of the base material; the ultrasonic amplitude transformer is disposed below the MIG / MAG welding torch.

[0007] Preferably, the welding wire is fixedly connected to the clamp via a wire feeding mechanism.

[0008] Preferably, the axis of the first TIG welding torch and the axis of the second TIG welding torch are arranged perpendicular to each other.

[0009] Preferably, the power of the first laser beam is 800W-10000W, and the power of the second laser beam is 60W-3000W.

[0010] A laser arc welding method for narrow gap aluminum alloy medium-thick plates includes the following steps:

[0011] S1. Perform surface treatment on the base material to remove impurities on the surface of the base material that may affect welding;

[0012] S2. Fix the base material on the workbench, with a pre-reserved gap width of 0.01mm-1mm between adjacent base materials, and a bevel is opened on the side of the adjacent base materials facing each other;

[0013] S3. Install a clamp on the outside of the base material, and align the TIG welding gun 1, MIG / MAG welding gun, second laser, welding wire, first laser, and shielding gas nozzle 1 fixed on the clamp with the top of the weld seam of the base material in sequence along the welding direction; align the TIG welding gun 2, ultrasonic amplitude transformer, TIG welding gun 3, and shielding gas nozzle 2 fixed on the clamp with the bottom of the weld seam of the base material; shielding gas nozzle 1 and shielding gas nozzle 2 are fixed and connected to the shielding gas tank respectively.

[0014] S4, TIG welding torch one and TIG welding torch two are electrically connected to the positive and negative terminals of TIG power supply one, respectively, and TIG welding torch three is electrically connected to the positive and negative terminals of TIG power supply two.

[0015] S5: Connect the MIG / MAG welding torch to the positive terminal of the MIG power supply, and connect the base material to the negative terminal of the MIG power supply.

[0016] S6. Fix the special fixture to the synchronous swing device; at this time, the first protective gas nozzle and the second protective gas nozzle are respectively arranged above the molten pool of the base material and below the molten pool of the base material.

[0017] S7. Turn on the first laser, the second laser, TIG power supply one, TIG power supply two, MIG power supply, protective gas tank, ultrasonic amplitude transformer, and synchronous swing device to finally achieve laser arc welding of narrow gaps between the base materials of adjacent aluminum alloy medium and thick plates.

[0018] Preferably, the bevel is an "I-shaped", "V-shaped", or "U-shaped" bevel, the blunt edge of the bevel is less than 25mm, and the bevel angle is 0.5°-8°.

[0019] Preferably, the energy of the second laser beam melts the base material to form a thermally conductive weld pool; the energy of the first laser beam melts the base material to form a keyhole weld pool.

[0020] Preferably, the protective gas cylinder contains argon or helium protective gas.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0022] 1. In this invention, TIG welding torch one is connected to the positive terminal of TIG power supply one, and TIG welding torch two on the back side of the base material is connected to the negative terminal of TIG power supply one. Alternatively, TIG welding torch one can be connected to the negative terminal of TIG power supply one, and TIG welding torch two on the back side of the base material can be connected to the positive terminal of TIG power supply one. The TIG arc between the upper and lower TIG welding torches can preheat / melt the base material in the butt joint gap. Because the TIG welding torch is close to the ultrasonic amplitude transformer, slag inclusion defects can be eliminated under the action of both. At the same time, the ultrasonic cavitation effect is very beneficial to the wetting and spreading of the welding wire of the MIG / MAG welding torch after melting and entering the butt joint gap, thereby improving the laser energy utilization rate.

[0023] 2. The gap reserved between aluminum alloy medium and thick plates adopts a large blunt edge and small bevel angle form, which can realize one-time melting penetration of medium and thick plates with narrow gaps, double-sided forming, and improve welding efficiency.

[0024] 3. Laser and MIG hybrid welding form a composite heat source. The welding wire is located at the edge of the molten pool formed by the first laser beam and melts by metal vapor, plasma radiation, molten pool heat conduction, heat radiation and the energy of the second laser beam. Since the welding wire of the MIG / MAG welding gun melts and fills at the same time, the efficiency of liquid metal filling can be significantly improved. While ensuring the filling amount, the heat input of the MIG arc to the base material can be reduced.

[0025] 4. The distance between the welding wire and the keyhole formed by the laser beam in the MIG / MAG welding torch is relatively far, which can reduce the impact on the keyhole, improve the stability of the molten pool, reduce the generation of welding bubbles, and reduce the porosity of the weld.

[0026] 5. By using a synchronous oscillation device to drive the TIG welding torch one, TIG welding torch two, MIG / MAG welding torch, laser beam two, welding wire, laser beam one, shielding gas nozzle one, and shielding gas nozzle two to oscillate synchronously, the sidewall fusion of alloy medium and thick plates with narrow gaps can be improved, and the generation of welding defects can be avoided.

[0027] 6. By placing the TIG welding torch three below the laser beam one and the laser beam two, the TIG welding torch three can improve the laser energy utilization rate of the laser arc composite heat source formed by the laser beam one and the laser beam two, improve the welding efficiency and the stability of the laser welding process, and reduce the generation of welding defects such as porosity and lack of fusion. Attached Figure Description

[0028] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this application are used to explain this application and do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings:

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of a conventional laser-MIG / MAG hybrid weld.

[0031] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the weld cross-section for applying the present invention;

[0032] The components are as follows: 1. Laser beam one; 2. Laser beam two; 3. MIG / MAG welding torch; 4. TIG welding torch one; 5. MIG / MAG power supply; 6. TIG power supply one; 7. TIG welding torch two; 8. Ultrasonic amplitude transformer; 9. Keyhole; 10. Molten pool; 11. Base material; 12. Welding wire; 13. Synchronous oscillation device; 14. Shielding gas nozzle one; 15. Shielding gas nozzle two; 16. TIG welding torch three; 17. TIG power supply two. Detailed Implementation

[0033] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. This application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0034] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0036] Example 1:

[0037] Depend on Figures 1-3The laser arc welding device for narrow-gap aluminum alloy medium-thick plates shown includes a synchronous oscillation device 13. The synchronous oscillation device 13 is fixedly connected to a clamp (not shown in the figure), which is respectively fixedly connected to a first laser, a second laser, a TIG welding torch 4, a TIG welding torch 7, a MIG / MAG welding torch 3, a shielding gas nozzle 14, a shielding gas nozzle 2 15, a TIG welding torch 3 16, and welding wire 12. The TIG welding torch 4 and TIG welding torch 2 7 are electrically connected to a TIG power supply 6, the MIG / MAG welding torch 3 is electrically connected to a MIG / MAG power supply 5, and the TIG welding torch 3 16 is electrically connected to a TIG power supply 2 17. The TIG power supply 6 and the MIG / MAG power supply 5 are respectively electrically connected to the same aluminum alloy medium-thick plate base material 11. The shielding gas nozzles 14 and 2 15 are respectively disposed on the upper and lower sides of the base material 11 and tilted towards it. The weld seam of material 11; a first laser and a second laser are respectively capable of generating laser beam 1 and laser beam 2; along the weld seam welding direction on the top surface of the base material 11, a shielding gas nozzle 14, a welding wire 12, a laser beam 1, a MIG / MAG welding torch 3, and a TIG welding torch 4 are arranged in sequence; along the weld seam welding direction on the top surface of the base material 11, a shielding gas nozzle 14, a laser beam 1, a welding wire 12, a laser beam 2, a MIG / MAG welding torch 3, and a TIG welding torch 4 are arranged in sequence; along the weld seam welding direction on the bottom surface of the base material 11, a shielding gas nozzle 2 15, a TIG welding torch 3 16, and a TIG welding torch 2 7 are arranged in sequence; an ultrasonic amplitude transformer 8 is arranged between the TIG welding torch 3 16 and the TIG welding torch 2 7, and the ultrasonic amplitude transformer 8 is detachably connected to the bottom surface of the base material 11; the ultrasonic amplitude transformer 8 is located below the MIG / MAG welding torch 3.

[0038] Furthermore, the fixture is a bracket that simultaneously fixes and connects the first laser, the second laser, the TIG welding torch 4, the TIG welding torch 7, the MIG / MAG welding torch 3, the shielding gas nozzle 14, the shielding gas nozzle 2 15, and the welding wire 12. This is existing technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0039] Furthermore, the wire feeding mechanism is a commonly used device that works in conjunction with the welding wire, which is existing technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0040] Furthermore, the synchronous swing device 13 can hold the fixture and move it along a predetermined program trajectory, which is existing technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0041] Furthermore, the laser types of the first and second lasers include Nd:YAG lasers, CO2 lasers, and fiber lasers.

[0042] In this embodiment, the welding wire 12 is fixedly connected to the clamp via a wire feeding mechanism. The axis of the TIG welding torch 4 and the axis of the TIG welding torch 7 are perpendicular to each other. The power of the laser beam 1 is 800W-10000W, and the power of the laser beam 2 is 60W-3000W.

[0043] A laser arc welding method for narrow gap aluminum alloy medium-thick plates includes the following steps:

[0044] S1. Perform surface treatment on the base material 11 to remove impurities on the surface of the base material 11 that may affect welding;

[0045] S2. Fix the base material 11 on the workbench. The gap width reserved between adjacent base materials 11 is 0.01mm-1mm, and a bevel is opened on the side of the adjacent base materials 11 facing each other.

[0046] S3. A clamp is fitted on the outside of the base material 11, and along the welding direction, the TIG welding gun 14, MIG / MAG welding gun 3, second laser, welding wire 12, first laser, and shielding gas nozzle 14 fixed on the clamp are aligned with the top of the weld of the base material 11; the TIG welding gun 27, ultrasonic amplitude transformer 8, TIG welding gun 316, and shielding gas nozzle 215 fixed on the clamp are aligned with the bottom of the weld of the base material 11; shielding gas nozzle 14 and shielding gas nozzle 215 are respectively fixed and connected to the shielding gas tank;

[0047] S4, TIG welding torch 14, and TIG welding torch 27 are electrically connected to the positive and negative terminals of TIG power supply 16, respectively, and TIG welding torch 316 is electrically connected to the positive and negative terminals of TIG power supply 217.

[0048] Furthermore, TIG welding torch 4 can be connected to the positive terminal of TIG power supply 6, and TIG welding torch 7 on the back of the base material can be connected to the negative terminal of TIG power supply 6. Alternatively, TIG welding torch 4 can be connected to the negative terminal of TIG power supply 6, and TIG welding torch 7 on the back of the base material can be connected to the positive terminal of TIG power supply 6.

[0049] S5, MIG / MAG welding torch 3 is connected to the positive terminal of the MIG power supply, and base material 11 is connected to the negative terminal of the MIG power supply;

[0050] S6. Fix the special fixture to the synchronous swing device 13. At this time, the protective gas nozzle 14 and the protective gas nozzle 2 15 are respectively arranged above the molten pool 10 of the base material 11 and below the molten pool 10 of the base material 11.

[0051] S7. Turn on the first laser, the second laser, TIG power supply 16, TIG power supply 217, MIG power supply, protective gas tank, ultrasonic amplitude transformer 8, and synchronous swing device 13 to finally achieve laser arc welding of the narrow gap between the base materials 11 of adjacent aluminum alloy medium and thick plates.

[0052] Furthermore, the output types of the electrode currents of laser beam 1, laser beam 2, TIG power supply 6, and MIG / MAG power supply 5 can be either continuous output or pulsed output.

[0053] Further optimization of the scheme: the bevel form is "I-type", "V-type" or "U-type", the blunt edge of the bevel is less than 25mm, and the bevel angle is 0.5°-8°.

[0054] Further optimization of the scheme: the energy of laser beam 2 melts the base material 11 to form a heat-conducting weld pool 10; the energy of laser beam 1 melts the base material 11 to form a keyhole 9 type weld pool.

[0055] The design was further optimized so that the protective gas tank contained either argon or helium.

[0056] Example 2:

[0057] This embodiment is an optimization of Embodiment 1. In this embodiment, the synchronous oscillation device 13 preferably oscillates in an "8", "O", or "S" shape. The distance between the laser beam 1 and the welding wire 12 is 0.6mm-2mm, the distance between the welding wire 12 and the laser beam 2 is 0mm-2mm, the heat source distance between the MIG / MAG welding torch 3 and the laser beam 2 is 0-1mm, the heat source distance between the TIG welding torch 4 and the MIG / MAG welding torch 3 is 0.01mm-10mm, and the reserved gap width between adjacent base materials 11 is 0.01mm-1mm.

[0058] Example 3:

[0059] This embodiment is another optimization of Embodiment 1. In this embodiment, the welding speed of the laser arc welding device is 0.1m-10m / min, the current of TIG power supply 16 is 10A-300A, the current of TIG power supply 217 is 10A-80A, the output current of MIG / MAG power supply 5 is 60A-400A, the wire feeding speed of welding wire 12 is 0.1m-10m / min, the shielding gas flow rate of shielding gas nozzle 14 is 1L-30L / min, the shielding gas flow rate of shielding gas nozzle 215 is 1L-50L / min, the shielding gas (inert gas: such as argon, helium) flow rate of TIG welding torch 316 is 8L-60L / min, the oscillation frequency of synchronous oscillation device 13 is 1Hz-600Hz, the oscillation amplitude is 0-30mm, and the ultrasonic vibration frequency of ultrasonic amplitude transformer 8 is 6KHz-200KHz, with an ultrasonic amplitude of 1um-200um.

[0060] Furthermore, the ultrasonic amplitude transformer 8 is equipped with rollers that contact the base material. During welding, the ultrasonic device moves synchronously with the welding torch and laser beam, and finally, the welding torch, laser head, and ultrasonic generator move synchronously to complete the entire welding process. This is existing technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0061] The working process of this invention is as follows:

[0062] Depend on Figure 2 , Figure 3 It is known that, under the same process parameters, conventional laser-MIG / MAG hybrid welding fails to achieve the effect of single-sided welding and double-sided forming of the weld cross-section. Welding defects such as incomplete filling and undercut appear in the upper part of the weld, and welding defects such as porosity and lack of fusion appear in the middle part of the weld. However, the weld cross-section of the present invention has good forming and no obvious welding defects appear. This is because: in the present invention, TIG welding torch 4 is connected to the positive terminal of TIG power supply 6, and TIG welding torch 7 on the back of the base material 11 is connected to the negative terminal of TIG power supply 6. Alternatively, TIG welding torch 4 can be connected to the negative terminal of TIG power supply 6, and TIG welding torch 7 on the back of the base material 11 can be connected to the positive terminal of TIG power supply 6. At the same time, TIG welding torch 16 is electrically connected to the positive and negative terminals of TIG power supply 17. This allows the TIG arc between the upper and lower TIG welding torches to preheat / melt the base material 11 in the butt joint gap. Simultaneously, the ultrasonic cavitation effect of the ultrasonic amplitude transformer 8 greatly facilitates the wetting and spreading of the welding wire 12 after melting in the MIG / MAG welding torch 3 into the butt joint gap of the base material 11, improving laser energy utilization. The gap reserved between the medium-thick aluminum alloy plates, using a large blunt edge and small bevel angle, allows for one-time penetration of the narrow gap in the medium-thick plate, achieving double-sided forming and improving welding efficiency. Laser and MIG composite welding form a composite heat source. The welding wire 12, located at the edge of the molten pool 10 formed by laser beam 1, melts due to metal vapor, plasma radiation, heat conduction from the molten pool 10, heat radiation, and the energy of laser beam 2. Since the welding wire and welding wire 12 in the MIG / MAG welding torch 3 melt and fill simultaneously, the liquid metal filling efficiency is significantly improved, reducing the heat input of the MIG arc to the base material 11 while ensuring the filling volume. The distance between the welding wire 12 of the MIG / MAG welding torch 3 and the keyhole 9 formed by the laser beam 11 reduces the impact on the keyhole 9, improves the stability of the molten pool, reduces the generation of welding bubbles, and reduces the porosity of the weld. The synchronous oscillation device 13 drives the TIG welding torch 4, TIG welding torch 7, MIG / MAG welding torch 3, laser beam 2, welding wire 12, laser beam 11, shielding gas nozzle 14, and shielding gas nozzle 25 to oscillate synchronously, which can improve the sidewall fusion of alloy medium-thick plates with narrow gaps and avoid the generation of welding defects.

[0063] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A laser arc welding device for narrow gap aluminum alloy medium-thick plates, characterized in that, Includes a synchronous swing device (13); the synchronous swing device (13) is fixedly connected to a clamp, the clamp being fixedly connected to a first laser, a second laser, a TIG welding torch one (4), a TIG welding torch two (7), a MIG / MAG welding torch (3), a shielding gas nozzle one (14), a shielding gas nozzle two (15), a TIG welding torch three (16), and a welding wire (12); the TIG welding torch one (4) and the TIG welding torch two (7) are electrically connected to a TIG power supply one (6), the MIG / MAG welding torch three (7) and the MIG / MAG welding torch three (7) are fixedly ... The MIG / MAG welding torch (3) is electrically connected to a MIG / MAG power supply (5), and the TIG welding torch (3) is electrically connected to a TIG power supply (2) (17); the TIG power supply (6) and the MIG / MAG power supply (5) are respectively electrically connected to the same aluminum alloy medium-thick plate base material (11); the shielding gas nozzle (14) and the shielding gas nozzle (2) are respectively disposed on the upper and lower sides of the base material (11) and tilted towards the weld seam of the base material (11); the first laser, the first... Two lasers can generate laser beam one (1) and laser beam two (2) respectively. The energy of laser beam two (2) melts the base material (11) to form a heat-conducting weld pool (10); the energy of laser beam one (1) melts the base material (11) to form a keyhole (9) type weld pool (10); along the weld direction of the top surface of the base material (11), the shielding gas nozzle one (14), the laser beam one (1), the welding wire (12), the laser beam two (2), the MIG / MAG welding gun (3) and the TIG Welding gun one (4) is arranged in sequence; along the welding direction of the weld seam on the bottom surface of the base material (11), the shielding gas nozzle two (15), the TIG welding gun three (16), and the TIG welding gun two (7) are arranged in sequence; an ultrasonic amplitude transformer (8) is arranged between the TIG welding gun three (16) and the TIG welding gun two (7), and a roller is mounted on the ultrasonic amplitude transformer (8), and the roller contacts the base material (11); the ultrasonic amplitude transformer (8) is arranged below the MIG / MAG welding gun (3).

2. The laser arc welding device for narrow gap welding of medium-thick aluminum alloy plates according to claim 1, characterized in that: The welding wire (12) is fixedly connected to the clamp via a wire feeding mechanism.

3. The laser arc welding device for narrow gap welding of medium-thick aluminum alloy plates according to claim 1, characterized in that: The axis of the first TIG welding torch (4) and the axis of the second TIG welding torch (7) are set perpendicular to each other.

4. The laser arc welding device for narrow gap welding of medium-thick aluminum alloy plates according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power of the first laser beam (1) is 800W-10000W, and the power of the second laser beam (2) is 60W-3000W.

5. A method for narrow-gap laser arc welding of medium-thick aluminum alloy plates, implemented using the laser arc welding apparatus for narrow-gap aluminum alloy plates as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that... The method includes the following steps: S1. Perform surface treatment on the base material (11) to remove impurities on the surface of the base material (11) that may affect welding; S2. Fix the base material (11) on the workbench. The gap width between adjacent base materials (11) is 0.01mm-1mm. A bevel is opened on the side of the adjacent base material (11) facing each other. S3. A clamp is fitted on the outside of the base material (11), and the shielding gas nozzle one (14), the laser beam one (1), the welding wire (12), the laser beam two (2), the MIG / MAG welding gun (3), and the TIG welding gun one (4) fixed on the clamp are aligned with the top of the weld of the base material (11) in sequence along the welding direction; the shielding gas nozzle two (15), the TIG welding gun three (16), the ultrasonic amplitude transformer (8), and the TIG welding gun two (7) fixed on the clamp are aligned with the bottom of the weld of the base material (11); the shielding gas nozzle one (14) and the shielding gas nozzle two (15) are respectively fixed and connected to the shielding gas tank; S4, TIG welding torch one (4), TIG welding torch two (7) are electrically connected to the positive and negative poles of TIG power supply one (6) respectively, and TIG welding torch three (16) is electrically connected to the positive and negative poles of TIG power supply two (17). S5, MIG / MAG welding torch (3) is connected to the positive terminal of MIG / MAG power supply (5), and base material (11) is connected to the negative terminal of MIG / MAG power supply (5); S6. Fix the clamp to the synchronous swing device (13); at this time, the first protective gas nozzle (14) and the second protective gas nozzle (15) are respectively arranged above the molten pool (10) of the base material (11) and below the molten pool (10) of the base material (11); S7. Turn on the first laser, the second laser, TIG power supply one (6), TIG power supply two (17), MIG / MAG power supply (5), protective gas tank, ultrasonic amplitude transformer (8), and synchronous swing device (13) to finally realize laser arc welding between adjacent base materials (11); wherein, the first laser and the second laser can generate laser beam one (1) and laser beam two (2) respectively, the energy of the laser beam two (2) melts the base material (11) to form a heat-conducting weld pool (10); the energy of the laser beam one (1) melts the base material (11) to form a keyhole (9) type weld pool (10).

6. The laser arc welding method for narrow gap aluminum alloy medium-thick plates according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bevel is in the form of an "I" type bevel, a "V" type bevel, or a "U" type bevel, the blunt edge of the bevel is less than 25mm, and the angle of the bevel is 0.5°-8°.

7. The laser arc welding method for narrow gap aluminum alloy medium-thick plates according to claim 5, characterized in that: The protective gas cylinder contains either argon or helium protective gas.

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