Dual-frequency millimeter-wave phased array system

Abstract

This invention discloses a dual-frequency millimeter-wave phased array system, including a 5G dual-frequency millimeter-wave phased array chip, multiple dual-frequency dual-polarized antennas connected to the 5G dual-frequency millimeter-wave phased array chip, and multiple dual-polarized phased array channels (comprising horizontal and vertical polarization phased array channels), a broadband power divider, and a polarization leakage cancellation circuit arranged on the 5G dual-frequency millimeter-wave phased array chip. Each dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna is connected to the broadband power divider through a dual-polarized phased array channel. The broadband power divider is connected to the polarization leakage cancellation circuit, which connects to both the vertical and horizontal polarization ports. This invention incorporates a polarization leakage cancellation circuit at the RF synthesis network port, which effectively enhances the isolation between polarized signals, improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the phased array chip in transceiver mode, and reduces the bit error rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a dual-frequency millimeter-wave phased array system. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid increase in demand for wireless communication, higher requirements are being placed on the transmission speed, signal capacity, and quality of wireless communication networks. 5G millimeter-wave communication technology, with its higher uplink and downlink communication rates, wider communication frequency bands, and low latency, can meet the needs of rapid transmission of massive amounts of data and has enormous application potential in fields such as industrial automation, intelligent transportation, and virtual reality.

[0003] To further improve the transmission signal rate and capacity of 5G millimeter-wave phased array systems, dual-band millimeter-wave systems use transceiver systems with different operating frequency bands. The transmission of each frequency signal corresponds to a separate transceiver link, making the overall system complex and prone to excessive losses that reduce the transmission efficiency of the chip. In addition, the chip area is significantly increased, which increases the overall production cost. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems in the background technology, the present invention provides a highly integrated and reliable dual-frequency bidirectional 5G millimeter-wave phased array system.

[0005] To achieve the objectives of this invention, it is implemented as follows:

[0006] A dual-band millimeter-wave phased array system includes a 5G dual-band millimeter-wave phased array chip capable of receiving and transmitting dual-band dual-polarized signals, multiple dual-band dual-polarized antennas connected to the 5G dual-band millimeter-wave phased array chip for transmitting dual-band dual-polarized signals, the 5G dual-band millimeter-wave phased array chip supporting three modes across dual bands including two single-band modes with filtered responses and one broadband mode combining dual bands, and multiple dual-polarized phased array channels consisting of horizontally polarized phased array channels and vertically polarized phased array channels, a broadband power divider, and a polarization leakage cancellation circuit; the dual-polarized phased array channels are used for polarization control of the dual bands in both transmit and receive states. The signal is amplified, amplitude modulated, and phase modulated. Each dual-band dual-polarized antenna is connected to a dual-polarized phased array channel. Each dual-polarized phased array channel is connected to a polarization leakage cancellation circuit via a broadband power divider. The polarization leakage cancellation circuit is connected to the vertical polarization port and the horizontal polarization port. In receive mode, the received polarized signal is combined by the broadband power divider, and the signal of the RF channel is output from the vertical polarization port and the horizontal polarization port after passing through the polarization leakage cancellation circuit. In transmit mode, the transmitted polarized signal is divided by the broadband power divider after passing through the polarization leakage cancellation circuit and output to the dual-polarized phased array channel, and then transmitted by the dual-band dual-polarized antenna.

[0007] The transmit link of the dual-polarized phased array channel includes a frequency reconfigurable power amplifier, a first broadband variable gain amplifier connected to the frequency reconfigurable power amplifier through a first matching network, a first broadband buffer connected to the first broadband variable gain amplifier, and a first broadband phase shifter connected to the first broadband buffer.

[0008] In transmit mode, the transmit signal is input from the horizontal polarization port and / or the vertical polarization port and canceled by polarization leakage. After being distributed by the broadband power divider, it enters the dual-polarization phased array channel. After passing through the broadband switch, the signal is sequentially phase-shifted by the first broadband phase shifter, amplified by the first broadband buffer with fixed gain, amplitude-modulated by the first broadband variable gain amplifier, and amplified by the frequency reconfigurable power amplifier. Finally, it is transmitted through the dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna.

[0009] The receiving link of the dual-polarized phased array channel includes a frequency reconfigurable low-noise amplifier, a second broadband phase shifter connected to the frequency reconfigurable low-noise amplifier through a second matching network, a second broadband buffer connected to the second broadband phase shifter, and a second broadband variable gain amplifier connected to the second broadband buffer.

[0010] In receiving mode, the dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna amplifies the received signal sequentially through a frequency-reconfigurable low-noise amplifier, modulates the phase of the second broadband phase shifter, amplifies the signal with constant gain through a second buffer amplifier, and modulates the amplitude of the signal through a second variable gain amplifier. Then, the signal enters the broadband power divider through a broadband switch to complete the polarization channel power synthesis, and is output from the horizontal polarization port and / or the vertical polarization port through a polarization leakage cancellation circuit.

[0011] The second broadband variable gain amplifier and the first broadband phase shifter are each connected to a broadband switch via a matching network. The broadband switch is used to switch between the transmit link and the receive link.

[0012] The frequency-reconfigurable power amplifier operates in two different frequency bands, forming three operating modes: two single-frequency modes with filtering responses and a dual-frequency combined broadband mode. It includes two narrowband driver stages operating in different frequency bands and one broadband output stage operating in the broadband mode. The two narrowband driver stages are connected in parallel at their output terminals and then connected to the input terminal of the broadband output stage through an inter-stage matching network. Each narrowband driver stage includes a narrowband input stage amplifier and a narrowband driver stage amplifier connected to the narrowband input stage amplifier through an inter-stage matching network. The three operating modes are switched by adjusting the bias of the two narrowband driver stages.

[0013] The frequency reconfigurable low-noise amplifier can operate in two different frequency bands, forming three operating modes, including a broadband low-noise input stage operating in a wideband and two narrowband driver stages operating in different frequency bands. The input terminals of the two narrowband driver stages are connected in parallel and then connected to the output terminal of the broadband low-noise input stage through an inter-stage matching network. Each narrowband driver stage includes a narrowband driver stage amplifier and a narrowband output stage amplifier connected to the narrowband driver stage amplifier through an inter-stage matching network. The three operating modes are switched by adjusting the bias of the two narrowband driver stages.

[0014] The broadband output stage of the frequency-reconfigurable power amplifier and the broadband low-noise input stage of the frequency-reconfigurable low-noise amplifier adopt a bidirectional matching form and share a matching network.

[0015] The dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna includes a stacked patch antenna.

[0016] The stacked patch antenna includes a high-frequency antenna layer, a prepreg layer, a low-frequency antenna layer, a ground layer, and a coaxial cable. The prepreg layer is located between the high-frequency antenna and the low-frequency antenna, the ground layer is at the bottom of the structure, one end of the coaxial cable is connected to ground, and the other end feeds the high-frequency antenna and the low-frequency antenna to the upper layer.

[0017] The broadband power divider consists of multiple units. Each vertical polarization phased-array channel is connected to a broadband power divider in both the vertical and horizontal polarization phased-array channels. The broadband power divider connected to the vertical polarization phased-array channel is connected to a polarization leakage cancellation circuit through a master broadband power divider. The broadband power divider connected to the horizontal polarization phased-array channel is connected to a polarization leakage cancellation circuit through another master broadband power divider.

[0018] The broadband power divider includes two 1-to-4 power divider networks with a total of eight ports. One of the 1-to-4 power divider networks has four vertical polarization channels, and the other 1-to-4 power divider network has four horizontal polarization channels. Each 1-to-4 power divider network includes a first-order transmission line matching network and two second-order lumped element matching networks. The output of the first-order transmission line matching network is connected to the input of the two second-order lumped element matching networks.

[0019] The polarization leakage cancellation circuit adjusts the signal transmission direction and signal path according to the receiving mode and the transmitting mode to generate a polarization cancellation signal with the same amplitude but opposite phase as the polarization signal, which cancels out the leaked polarization signal. It includes a first power divider and a third power divider. One path of the first power divider is connected to a first transmitting cancellation unit formed by connecting a first phase shifter, a first buffer, and a first variable gain amplifier in sequence via a first switch, and a first receiving cancellation unit formed by connecting a third phase shifter, a third buffer, and a third variable gain amplifier in sequence. The first variable gain amplifier and the third phase shifter are connected to a second power divider via a second switch. The first phase shifter and the third phase shifter are connected to a first switch. The other path of the first power divider is connected to the output terminal of a first power amplifier and the input terminal of a third power amplifier via a third switch. The output terminal of the first power amplifier and the input terminal of the third power amplifier are connected to a fourth power divider via a fourth switch.

[0020] One path of the third power divider is connected to the second transmit cancellation unit, which is formed by the fifth switch and the second phase shifter, the second buffer, and the second variable gain amplifier in sequence, and to the second receive cancellation unit, which is formed by the fourth phase shifter, the fourth buffer, and the fourth variable gain amplifier in sequence. The fourth phase shifter and the second variable gain amplifier are connected to the sixth switch, which is connected to the fourth power divider. The fifth switch is connected to the second phase shifter and the fourth variable gain amplifier. The other path of the third power divider is connected to the input terminal of the second power amplifier and the output terminal of the fourth power amplifier through the seventh switch. The output terminal of the second power amplifier and the input terminal of the fourth power amplifier are connected to the second component input / output interface of the second power divider through the eighth switch.

[0021] The input matching module of the reconfigurable power amplifier uses a coplanar waveguide based on a transmission line to match the impedance between the input stage and the source. It also uses a transmission line to achieve dual-frequency signal splitting, with one signal input terminal and two signal output terminals. The two signal output terminals output signals of different frequencies. While not affecting the matching within the same frequency band, it turns the transmission line into a high-impedance state in another frequency band, so that the two paths do not affect each other when transmitting signals.

[0022] The first and second broadband phase shifters are identical broadband phase shifters, each consisting of a broadband polyphase filter and two variable gain amplifiers. The output of the broadband polyphase filter is connected to the input of the two variable gain amplifiers. The differential signal is output as an orthogonal signal after passing through the broadband polyphase filter, and the amplitude of the output orthogonal signal is adjusted by the two variable gain amplifiers.

[0023] The broadband multiphase filter includes multiple orthogonal coupling units, which are connected in high order to form a cascaded orthogonal signal generation circuit.

[0024] The first and second broadband variable gain amplifiers are identical broadband variable gain amplifiers. From input to output, each broadband variable gain amplifier includes, in sequence, a differential common-gate transistor (CCMT) and a digitally controlled common-gate transistor (DCCT) circuit, a parasitic compensation circuit, and a transistor circuit providing constant current. The CCMT and DCCT circuits are cross-coupled to achieve digitally controlled variable gain signal amplification. The parasitic compensation circuit compensates for the output parasitic parameters of the CCMT and DCCT. The transistor circuit providing constant current also provides a suitable output impedance to match the differential signal entering the switching array composed of differential DCCTs. After passing through the parasitic compensation circuit and the constant current source circuit, broadband controllable gain amplification is achieved.

[0025] The broadband variable gain amplifier employs a cross-coupled current rudder structure to achieve impedance matching through the inductance of the central node and to compensate for the parasitic capacitance of the switch array, thereby achieving broadband controllable gain amplification with low parasitic phase shift.

[0026] The dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna, dual-polarized phased array channel, broadband power divider, and polarization leakage cancellation circuit are all packaged using antenna-in-package (AIP) technology, including embedded wafer-level ball grid array packaging.

[0027] The dual-polarized phased array channel, broadband power divider, and polarization leakage cancellation circuit are packaged using wafer-level chip packaging (WLCSP) technology and then connected to the dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna outside the chip.

[0028] Among them, the dual-frequency millimeter-wave phased array system is extended in two dimensions on the PCB to form a high-order phased array system array.

[0029] In the dual-frequency millimeter-wave phased array system of the present invention, in the transmission mode, the radio frequency signal enters each array channel after being distributed by the polarization leakage cancellation circuit and the broadband power divider. After passing through the switch, the signal is sequentially phase-shifted by the broadband phase shifter, amplified by the broadband buffer with fixed gain, amplitude-modulated by the broadband variable gain amplifier, and amplified by the dual-frequency power amplifier. Finally, it is transmitted through the dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna.

[0030] In receive mode, the dual-band dual-polarized antenna amplifies the received signal sequentially through a dual-band low-noise amplifier, modulates the phase with a broadband phase shifter, amplifies the signal with a constant gain with a buffer amplifier, and modulates the signal with a variable gain amplifier. Then, the signal is switched to a broadband power divider to complete the power combining of the corresponding polarization channels. Finally, the signal is output from the horizontal polarization port and the vertical polarization port through a polarization leakage cancellation circuit.

[0031] The dual-frequency millimeter-wave phased array system of the present invention supports three modes in two frequency bands, including two single-frequency modes with filtering response and one broadband mode combining the two frequencies. The output stage of the frequency reconfigurable power amplifier in the transmit link and the input stage of the frequency reconfigurable low-noise amplifier in the receive link adopt a bidirectional matching design and share a matching network, which can avoid the use of additional switches and transmission lines, effectively improving the transmission efficiency of the phased array chip and reducing the receiving noise figure. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dual-frequency millimeter-wave phased array system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the dual-polarized phased array channel structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the polarization leakage cancellation circuit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of a broadband power divider provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the frequency reconfigurable power amplifier structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the frequency reconfigurable low-noise amplifier structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the bidirectional amplifier structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the input matching module of the frequency reconfigurable power amplifier provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the broadband phase shifter structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the broadband polyphase filter structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the variable gain amplifier structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the orthogonal coupling unit structure of the variable gain amplifier provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of a high-order phased array system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the specific embodiments of the present invention.

[0047] like Figure 1 As shown, the dual-frequency millimeter-wave phased array system of this invention includes a 5G dual-frequency millimeter-wave phased array chip 1, and multiple dual-frequency dual-polarized antennas connected to the 5G dual-frequency millimeter-wave phased array chip 1. The 5G dual-frequency millimeter-wave phased array chip 1 is equipped with multiple vertically polarized phased array channels, multiple horizontally polarized phased array channels, multiple broadband power dividers, and a polarization leakage cancellation circuit. Each dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna is connected to one vertically polarized phased array channel and one horizontally polarized phased array channel. The multiple vertically polarized phased array channels and the multiple horizontally polarized phased array channels each... The system is connected to a broadband power divider, which in turn is connected to a polarization leakage cancellation circuit. The polarization leakage cancellation circuit connects the vertical polarization port and the horizontal polarization port. The phased array channel, consisting of the vertical polarization phased array channel and the horizontal polarization phased array channel, is the core unit of the entire dual-frequency millimeter-wave phased array system. One horizontal polarization phased array channel and one vertical polarization phased array channel constitute a dual-polarization phased array channel. One dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna is connected to one dual-polarization phased array channel. Each dual-polarization phased array channel is connected to the polarization leakage cancellation circuit through a broadband power divider.

[0048] The number of dual-frequency dual-polarized antennas is equal to the number of vertically polarized phased array channels and horizontally polarized phased array channels. Each dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna is connected to one vertically polarized phased array channel and one horizontally polarized phased array channel. The dual-frequency millimeter-wave phased array system can simultaneously realize the output and input signals of the vertically polarized port and the output and input signals of the horizontally polarized port.

[0049] When transmitting a signal, the vertical polarization port serves as the input of an RF signal transmission link. Along the signal transmission direction, it is connected to a polarization leakage cancellation circuit 23. The polarization leakage cancellation circuit 23 is connected to a third broadband power divider 19. The third broadband power divider 19 is also connected to a first broadband power divider 17 and a second broadband power divider 18. One path of the first broadband power divider 17 is connected to a first dual-band dual-polarization antenna 10 through a first vertical polarization phased array channel 2, and the other path is connected to a third dual-band dual-polarization antenna 12 through a second vertical polarization phased array channel 3. One path of the second broadband power divider 18 is connected to a second dual-band dual-polarization antenna 11 through a third vertical polarization phased array channel 6, and the other path is connected to a fourth dual-band dual-polarization antenna 13 through a fourth vertical polarization phased array channel 7.

[0050] When transmitting a signal, the horizontal polarization port serves as the input of another radio frequency signal transmission link. Along the signal transmission direction, it is connected to the polarization leakage cancellation circuit 23, which is connected to the sixth broadband power divider 22. The sixth broadband power divider 22 is also connected to the fourth broadband power divider 20 and the fifth broadband power divider 21. One path of the fourth broadband power divider 20 is connected to the first dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna 10 through the first horizontal polarization phased array channel 4, and the other path is connected to the third dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna 12 through the second horizontal polarization phased array channel 5. One path of the fifth broadband power divider 21 is connected to the second dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna 11 through the third horizontal polarization phased array channel 8, and the other path is connected to the fourth dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna 13 through the fourth horizontal polarization phased array channel 9.

[0051] When the system of this embodiment of the invention transmits radio frequency signals, two radio frequency signals can be input through the horizontal polarization port and the vertical polarization port, and then pass through the polarization leakage cancellation circuit 23 and the broadband power divider, and after passing through the horizontal polarization phased array channel and the vertical polarization phased array channel, they are transmitted through the dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna.

[0052] When receiving radio frequency (RF) signals, reception can be achieved through two RF signal receiving links. One RF signal receiving link involves the first dual-band dual-polarized antenna 10 and the third dual-band dual-polarized antenna 12 receiving RF signals, which are then sent to the first broadband power divider 17 after passing through the first vertical polarization phased array channel 2 and the second vertical polarization phased array channel 3, respectively. The second dual-band dual-polarized antenna 11 and the fourth dual-band dual-polarized antenna 13 receive RF signals, which are then sent to the second broadband power divider 18 after passing through the third vertical polarization phased array channel 6 and the fourth vertical polarization phased array channel 7, respectively. Finally, the first broadband power divider 17 and the second broadband power divider 18 are connected together to the third broadband power divider 19 to send the signal to the polarization leakage cancellation circuit 23 for output from the vertical polarization port.

[0053] Another radio frequency signal receiving link involves receiving signals from the first dual-band dual-polarized antenna 10 and the third dual-band dual-polarized antenna 12, then sending the signals to the fourth broadband power divider 20 via the first horizontal polarization phased array channel 4 and the second horizontal polarization phased array channel 5, and then sending the signals to the polarization leakage cancellation circuit 23 via the sixth broadband power divider 22, and finally outputting them from the horizontal polarization port after passing through the polarization leakage cancellation circuit 23; and receiving signals from the second dual-band dual-polarized antenna 11 and the fourth dual-band dual-polarized antenna 13, then sending the signals to the fifth broadband power divider 21 via the third horizontal polarization phased array channel 8 and the fourth horizontal polarization phased array channel 9, and finally sending the signals to the polarization leakage cancellation circuit 23 via the sixth broadband power divider 22, and finally outputting them from the horizontal polarization port after passing through the polarization leakage cancellation circuit 23.

[0054] In this embodiment of the invention, each dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna is used to transmit dual-frequency dual-polarized signals, enabling the 5G dual-frequency millimeter-wave phased array chip to receive and transmit dual-frequency dual-polarized signals.

[0055] In this embodiment of the invention, each dual-polarized phased array channel includes a switching module for switching between transmitting and receiving, which amplifies, modulates amplitude and phase of the dual-band signal in both transmitting and receiving states, thereby enabling the 5G dual-band millimeter-wave phased array chip to transmit and receive dual-band signals.

[0056] In this embodiment of the invention, when each broadband power divider operates in transmit / receive mode, it is used to synthesize transmission signals, thereby changing the link distance between the transmission and reception of the dual-frequency millimeter-wave phased array system.

[0057] In this embodiment of the invention, the signal at the RF synthesis network port passes through a polarization leakage cancellation circuit, which can effectively enhance the isolation between polarized signals, improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the phased array chip in transmit and receive modes, and reduce the bit error rate. In receive mode, the polarized signals are synthesized by a broadband power divider, and the RF channel signal is output through the polarization leakage cancellation circuit; in transmit mode, the polarized signals are power divided by a broadband power divider after passing through the polarization leakage cancellation circuit and output to each phased array channel.

[0058] The aforementioned dual-frequency millimeter-wave phased array system chip supports three modes across two frequency bands, including two single-frequency modes with filtered responses and one broadband mode combining the two frequencies. These include three operating modes: 28GHz single-frequency response, 39GHz single-frequency response, and 28GHz and 39GHz broadband.

[0059] For example, the 5G dual-band millimeter-wave phased array chip 1 also includes a reference current source circuit 23 (PTAT) for improving current accuracy, an electrostatic discharge protection circuit 24 (ESD) for preventing the influence of external static electricity, a static random access memory 25 (SRAM) for storing data, and a power-on reset circuit 26 (POR) for resetting unexpectedly low voltage. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1 As shown.

[0060] like Figure 2 As shown in the embodiment of the present invention, a dual-polarization phased array channel 30, consisting of a horizontally polarized phased array channel and a vertically polarized phased array channel, includes a frequency reconfigurable power amplifier, a frequency reconfigurable low-noise amplifier, a broadband variable gain amplifier, a broadband buffer, and a broadband phase shifter; it has a radio frequency signal transmission link and a radio frequency signal reception link; the radio frequency signal transmission link and the radio frequency signal reception link are connected by a broadband switch 31, which receives the radio frequency transmission signal and sends it to the radio frequency signal transmission link for transmission, or outputs the radio frequency reception signal received by the radio frequency signal reception link. The broadband switch 31 is used for channel switching.

[0061] Among them, the dual-polarized phased array channel 30 can support three modes in two frequency bands: a single-frequency mode with filtering response and a broadband mode combining two frequencies.

[0062] The radio frequency signal transmission link includes a first broadband phase shifter 32, a first broadband buffer 33, a first broadband variable gain amplifier 35, and a frequency reconfigurable power amplifier 38. The transmitted radio frequency signal is output after passing through a broadband switch 31, the first broadband phase shifter 32, the first broadband buffer 33, the broadband variable gain amplifier 34, and the frequency reconfigurable power amplifier 38 in sequence.

[0063] The radio frequency signal receiving link includes a frequency reconfigurable low noise amplifier 39, a second wideband phase shifter 37, a second wideband buffer 36, and a second wideband variable gain amplifier 35. The received radio frequency signal is output after passing through the frequency reconfigurable low noise amplifier 39, the second wideband phase shifter 37, the second wideband buffer 36, the second wideband variable gain amplifier 35, and the wideband switch 31 in sequence.

[0064] In this embodiment of the invention, the dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna is connected to a frequency-reconfigurable low-noise amplifier and a frequency-reconfigurable power amplifier through a matching network. Specifically, the broadband low-noise input stage of the frequency-reconfigurable low-noise amplifier and the broadband output stage of the frequency-reconfigurable power amplifier can be connected in parallel and then matched with the dual-frequency multi-polarized antenna through a matching network.

[0065] In this embodiment of the invention, the structures of the multiple dual-frequency dual-polarization antennas are identical, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna can use a stacked patch antenna, which is beneficial for the realization of the dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna.

[0066] For example, the stacked patch antenna includes a ground layer 45, a low-frequency antenna 43, a prepreg layer 42, and a low-frequency antenna 41. The prepreg layer is located between the high-frequency antenna and the low-frequency antenna. The ground layer is at the bottom of the structure. One end of the coaxial line 44 of the antenna is connected to the ground layer 45, and the other end is connected to the antenna layer to feed the high-frequency antenna and the low-frequency antenna. The low-frequency antenna 43 and the low-frequency antenna 41 form an antenna layer, which can transmit and receive dual-polarized signals of two different frequency bands, which is beneficial for the antenna to transmit and receive signals of two different frequency bands.

[0067] In this embodiment of the invention, the polarization leakage cancellation circuit 23 can generate a polarization cancellation signal with the same amplitude but opposite phase as the polarization signal by adjusting the phase shifter and the variable gain amplifier, thereby canceling out the leaked polarization signal and improving the polarization isolation of the dual-frequency phased array system chip.

[0068] For example, such as Figure 4 As shown, the polarization leakage cancellation circuit 23 includes multiple power dividers, switches, variable gain amplifiers, buffers, phase shifters, power amplifiers, and low-noise amplifiers.

[0069] Specifically, it includes a first power divider 213 and a third power divider 223. One path of the first power divider 213 is connected to a first transmit cancellation unit formed by sequentially connecting a first phase shifter 206, a first buffer 207, and a first variable gain amplifier 208 via a first switch 205, and a first receive cancellation unit formed by sequentially connecting a third phase shifter 210, a third buffer 211, and a third variable gain amplifier 212. The first variable gain amplifier 208 and the third phase shifter 210 are connected to the second power divider 214 via a second switch 209. The first phase shifter 206 and the third phase shifter 210 are connected to the first switch 205. The other path of the first power divider 213 is connected to the output terminal of the first power amplifier 204 and the input terminal of the third power amplifier 202 via a third switch 203. The output terminal of the first power amplifier 204 and the input terminal of the third power amplifier 202 are connected to the fourth power divider 200 via a fourth switch 201.

[0070] One path of the third power divider 223 is connected to the second transmit cancellation unit, which is formed by the sequential connection of the second phase shifter 220, the second buffer 221, and the second variable gain amplifier 222 via the fifth switch 219, and the second receive cancellation unit, which is formed by the sequential connection of the fourth phase shifter 216, the fourth buffer 217, and the fourth variable gain amplifier 218. The fourth phase shifter 216 and the second variable gain amplifier 222 are connected to the sixth switch 215, which is connected to the fourth power divider 200. The fifth switch 219 is connected to the second phase shifter 220 and the fourth variable gain amplifier 218. Another path of the third power divider 223 is connected to the input terminal of the second power amplifier 227 and the output terminal of the fourth power amplifier 225 via the seventh switch 224. The output terminal of the second power amplifier 227 and the input terminal of the fourth power amplifier 225 are connected to the second component input / output interface of the second power divider 214 via the eighth switch 226.

[0071] In transmit mode, the horizontally polarized signal and the vertically polarized signal enter the first power divider 213 and the third power divider 223, respectively. After entering the first power divider 213, the horizontally polarized signal is split into two paths. One path passes through the first switch 205, the first phase shifter 206, the first buffer 207, the first variable gain amplifier 208, and the second switch 209, and is then amplitude-modulated and phase-modulated before being output to the second power divider 214. The other path passes through the third switch 203, switches to the first power amplifier 204, and is output to the fourth power divider 200 through the fourth switch 201.

[0072] The vertically polarized signal enters the third power divider 223 and is split into two paths. One path passes through the fifth switch 219, the second phase shifter 220, the second buffer 221, the second variable gain amplifier 222, and the sixth switch 215 for amplitude and phase modulation amplification, and is output to the fourth power divider 200. The other path passes through the seventh switch 224 to the second power amplifier 227 and is output to the second power divider 214 through the eighth switch 226.

[0073] Finally, the two signals of the second power divider 214 and the fourth power divider 200 are compensated and output to enhance the isolation of the polarization signals.

[0074] When operating in receive mode, the horizontally polarized signal and the vertically polarized signal enter the fourth power divider 200 and the second power divider 214, respectively. The horizontally polarized signal enters the fourth power divider 200 and is split into two paths. One path passes through the sixth switch 215, the fourth phase shifter 216, the fourth buffer 217, the fourth variable gain amplifier 218, and the fifth switch 219 for amplitude and phase modulation amplification, and is output to the third power divider 223. The other path passes through the fourth switch 201 to the third power amplifier 202 and is output to the first power divider 213 through the third switch 203.

[0075] The vertically polarized signal enters the second power divider 214 and the horizontally polarized signal is split into two paths. One path passes through the second switch 209, the third phase shifter 210, the third buffer 211, the third variable gain amplifier 212, and the first switch 205, and is then subjected to amplitude and phase modulation amplification before being output to the power divider 213. The other path passes through the eighth switch 226 to the fourth power amplifier 225 and is output to the third power divider 223 through the switch 224.

[0076] Finally, the two signals of the first power divider 213 and the third power divider 223 are compensated and output to enhance the isolation of the polarization signals.

[0077] In embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 5 As shown, exemplarily, the broadband power divider is composed of multiple transmission lines and inductor-capacitor components connected together, including two symmetrically arranged 1-to-4 power divider networks. Each 1-to-4 power divider network includes a first-order transmission line matching network (composed of transmission lines) and two second-order lumped element matching networks (composed of lumped elements). The output terminal of the first-order transmission line matching network is connected to the input terminals of the two second-order lumped element matching networks. One 1-to-4 power divider network has four vertically polarized channels, and the other 1-to-4 power divider network has four horizontally polarized channels. The two input signals, one vertically polarized and one horizontally polarized, are processed by the 1-to-4 power divider network to obtain four vertically polarized channels and four horizontally polarized channels, for a total of eight output channels. One vertically polarized or horizontally polarized radio frequency signal (RFin) enters, passes through the first-order transmission line matching network 112 and the second-order lumped element matching networks (113, 111), and is then output from the horizontally polarized channel. Figure 5 In the diagram, H1, H2, H3, and H4 represent different horizontal polarization channels. The other RF signal (RFin), either vertically or horizontally polarized, enters and, after passing through a first-order transmission line matching network 115 and a second-order lumped element matching network (116, 114), is output from the vertical polarization channel. Figure 5 In the diagram, V1, V2, V3, and V4 represent different vertical polarization channels.

[0078] In this embodiment of the invention, the frequency-reconfigurable power amplifier supports three modes across two frequency bands: a single-frequency mode with filtered response and a broadband mode combining two frequencies; for example... Figure 6 As shown, it includes two narrowband driver stages operating in different frequency bands and one wideband output stage operating in wideband. The two narrowband driver stages are connected in parallel at the output end and then connected to the input end of the wideband output stage through an inter-stage matching network. Each narrowband driver stage includes a narrowband input stage amplifier and a narrowband driver stage amplifier connected to the narrowband input stage amplifier through an inter-stage matching network. The three operating modes can be switched by adjusting the bias of the two narrowband driver stages.

[0079] Specifically, the frequency reconfigurable power amplifier includes a wideband output stage 71, a first narrowband input stage amplifier 75, a first narrowband driver stage amplifier 72, a second narrowband input stage amplifier 77, and a second narrowband driver stage amplifier 74. The first narrowband input stage amplifier 75 and the first narrowband driver stage amplifier 72 have different frequency bands from the second narrowband input stage amplifier 76 and the second narrowband driver stage amplifier 74.

[0080] The differential signal enters through the first narrowband input stage amplifier 5, the first narrowband driver stage amplifier 72, the second narrowband input stage amplifier 76, and the second narrowband driver stage amplifier 74, and is then output after passing through the wideband output stage 71.

[0081] In this embodiment of the invention, the frequency-reconfigurable low-noise amplifier supports three modes across two frequency bands: a single-frequency mode with filtered response and a wideband mode combining two frequencies. Switching between the three operating modes can be achieved by adjusting the bias of the two-stage output amplifier. Figure 7 As shown, the frequency reconfigurable low-noise amplifier is formed by connecting multiple amplifiers, including a broadband low-noise input stage operating in a wideband and two narrowband driver stages operating in different frequency bands. The inputs of the two narrowband driver stages are connected in parallel and then connected to the output of the broadband low-noise input stage through a broadband inter-stage matching network. Each narrowband driver stage includes a narrowband driver stage amplifier and a narrowband output stage amplifier connected to the narrowband driver stage amplifier through an inter-stage matching network. The three operating modes are switched by adjusting the bias of the two narrowband driver stages.

[0082] Specifically, it includes a broadband low-noise input stage amplifier 81, two narrowband driver stage amplifiers 82 and 83 with different frequency bands, and two narrowband output stage amplifiers 84 and 85 with different frequency bands.

[0083] The differential signal is amplified and output after passing through a broadband low-noise input stage amplifier 81, two different frequency band first narrowband driver stage amplifiers 82 and 83, and two different frequency band first narrowband output stage amplifiers 84 and 85.

[0084] In this embodiment of the invention, the input stage amplifier 71 of the frequency reconfigurable power amplifier 38 and the broadband input stage low-noise amplifier 81 of the dual-band low-noise reconfigurable amplifier 39, exemplarily, adopt a bidirectional amplifier structure and a bidirectional matching design, sharing a matching network and antenna impedance for matching, which is beneficial for reducing losses and structural complexity. Figure 8As shown, the input stage amplifier 71 and the wideband input stage low-noise amplifier 81 share a matching network 93. The matching network uses power amplifiers and low-noise amplifier tubes in the off state as matching elements, avoiding additional switching losses and transmission lines, which helps to reduce losses, effectively improve transmission efficiency and reduce the receiving noise figure, and maximize the efficiency of the transmission link and the noise of the receiving link.

[0085] In this embodiment of the invention, the input matching module of the reconfigurable power amplifier based on Embodiment 7 can adopt, as follows: Figure 9 The input matching structure 100 uses a transmission line to achieve dual-frequency signal splitting. A coplanar waveguide based on the transmission line is used to match the impedance between the input stage and the source. It has one signal input terminal and two signal output terminals, each outputting a signal of a different frequency. The signal (RFin) enters from the input terminal and is split into two output ports: RFout1 outputs a signal of one frequency, and RFout2 outputs a signal of the other frequency, thus realizing the dual-frequency signal transmission function. While not affecting the matching within its own frequency band, the transmission line is made high-impedance in another frequency band, ensuring that the two paths do not interfere with each other during signal transmission. This is beneficial for the power amplifier to independently transmit two signals of different frequencies.

[0086] In this embodiment of the invention, the broadband phase shifter (PS) used is as follows: Figure 10 As shown, it includes a broadband polyphase filter 52 and a broadband variable gain amplifier, wherein the broadband variable gain amplifier includes a first broadband variable gain amplifier 53 and a second broadband variable gain amplifier 54, and the output terminal of the broadband polyphase filter 52 is connected to the input terminals of the first broadband variable gain amplifier 53 and the second broadband variable gain amplifier 54 respectively.

[0087] After the differential signal enters the broadband polyphase filter 52, it generates quadrature signals which are then fed into the first broadband variable gain amplifier 53 and the second broadband variable gain amplifier 54 for amplitude adjustment before being output.

[0088] In this embodiment of the invention, the broadband multiphase filter 52 includes multiple orthogonal coupling units (orthogonal signal generation circuits). The multiple orthogonal coupling units are connected to form a first orthogonal coupling unit 61, a second orthogonal coupling unit 62, a third orthogonal coupling unit 63, a fourth orthogonal coupling unit 64, a fifth orthogonal coupling unit 65, and a sixth orthogonal coupling unit 66. After the signal enters the higher-level cascaded orthogonal signal generation circuit, it provides orthogonal signals for the broadband variable gain amplifier.

[0089] The first orthogonal coupling unit 61, the second orthogonal coupling unit 62, the third orthogonal coupling unit 63, and the fourth orthogonal coupling unit 64 form a second-level differential structure, while the fifth orthogonal coupling unit 65 and the sixth orthogonal coupling unit 66 form a first-level differential structure. The through-terminal of the fifth orthogonal coupling unit 65 is connected to the input terminal of the first orthogonal coupling unit 61, the coupling terminal of the fifth orthogonal coupling unit 65 is connected to the input terminal of the second orthogonal coupling unit 62, the through-terminal of the sixth orthogonal coupling unit 66 is connected to the input terminal of the third orthogonal coupling unit 63, and the coupling terminal of the sixth orthogonal coupling unit 66 is connected to the input terminal of the fourth orthogonal coupling unit 64.

[0090] The direct-through terminal of the first orthogonal coupling unit 61 is connected to the coupling terminal of the fourth orthogonal coupling unit 64, and the coupling terminal of the second orthogonal coupling unit 62 is connected to the direct-through terminal of the third orthogonal coupling unit 64, forming a set of differential output signals OUT1;

[0091] The coupling end of the first orthogonal coupling unit 61 is connected to the through end of the second orthogonal coupling unit 62, and the coupling end of the first orthogonal coupling unit 63 is connected to the through end of the fourth orthogonal coupling unit 64, forming a differential output signal OUT2 orthogonal to the output signal OUT1. Signals OUT1 and OUT2 provide orthogonal intermediate frequency signals for the mixer.

[0092] The differential signal enters from the input terminal. One path enters the fifth orthogonal coupling unit 65, and after passing through the fifth orthogonal coupling unit 65, it is output by the cascaded first orthogonal coupling unit 61 and the second orthogonal coupling unit 62. The other path enters the sixth orthogonal coupling unit 66, and after passing through the sixth orthogonal coupling unit 66, it is output by the cascaded third orthogonal coupling unit 63 and the fourth orthogonal coupling unit 64.

[0093] For example, the orthogonal coupling unit adopts a lumped element structure based on coupled inductors and capacitors, which is beneficial for the miniaturization of the overall circuit. Each orthogonal coupling unit is an orthogonal coupling unit composed of inductors and capacitors, for example, such as... Figure 12 As shown, in each quadrature coupling unit, a coupling inductor is connected between the input terminal (IN) and the through terminal (THRU), the coupling terminal (COUP) and the isolation terminal (ISO), and a capacitor is connected between the input terminal and the coupling terminal, and between the through terminal and the isolation terminal.

[0094] In this embodiment of the invention, the broadband variable gain amplifier structure includes multiple common-gate transistors, a parasitic compensation circuit, and a constant current source circuit. The differential signal enters a switching array composed of differentially controlled common-gate transistors, and after passing through the parasitic compensation circuit and the constant current source circuit, broadband controllable gain amplification is achieved. A cross-coupled current rudder structure is used to achieve impedance matching through the inductance of the center node, and to compensate for the parasitic capacitance of the switching array, which is beneficial for achieving broadband controllable gain amplification with low parasitic phase shift. Figure 13As shown, the broadband variable gain amplifier is a differential circuit, including differential common-gate transistors M4 and M5, digitally controlled common-gate transistor circuits M3 and M6, a parasitic compensation circuit Ld, and transistor circuits M1 and M2 providing constant current, connected sequentially from the input to the output. The gates of differential common-gate transistors M4 and M5 are each connected to the bias Vb through a resistor. The sources of transistors M3 and M4 are connected together and used to connect to the radio frequency signal RF. in+ The sources of transistors M5 and M6 are connected together and used to connect to radio frequency (RF) signals. in- The drain of transistor M3 is connected to the drain of transistor M5 and then to one end of a parasitic compensation inductor Ld. The drain of transistor M4 is connected to the drain of transistor M6 and then to one end of another parasitic compensation inductor Ld. The other ends of the two parasitic compensation inductors Ld are connected to the sources of transistors M1 and M2, respectively. The drains of transistors M1 and M2 serve as the RF signal output terminals (RFout+, Rfout-). The gates of transistors M1 and M2 are connected through two series resistors. The connection point Va between the two series resistors provides bias for transistors M1 and M2. One end of capacitors C1 and C2 is connected to the source of transistors M1 and M2, respectively, and the other end of capacitors C1 and C2 is connected to the gate of transistors M1 and M2, respectively.

[0095] In the intermediate frequency broadband variable gain amplifier, the gates of transistors M4 and M5 are each biased by Vb through resistors, and the gates of digitally controlled transistors M3 and M6 are each biased by Vb through a series inverter and resistor. The radio frequency signal (RF)... in+ RF in- The source input is from transistors M3, M4, M5, and M6.

[0096] Differential common-gate transistors M4 and M5 and digitally controlled common-gate transistors M3 and M6 are cross-coupled. Common-gate transistors M3 and M6 are composed of a group of transistors connected in parallel. The number of transistors conducting is controlled by digital bits. When the digital bit input is high, the signal becomes low after passing through the inverter, and the transistors do not conduct. When the digital bit input is low, the signal becomes high after passing through the inverter, and the transistors conduct. The amplifier gain is proportional to the number of transistors conducting, which is used to realize the digitally controlled variable gain signal amplification function.

[0097] The parasitic compensation inductor Ld in the intermediate frequency broadband variable gain amplifier is used to compensate for the output parasitic parameters of the common gate transistors M4 and M5 and the numerically controlled common gate transistors M3 and M6.

[0098] In the example of this invention, the transistor circuits M1 and M2, capacitors C1 and C2 that provide constant current in the intermediate frequency broadband variable gain amplifier are placed at the output terminal of the parasitic compensation inductor Ld, which can also provide a suitable output impedance, facilitating the design of the output matching network.

[0099] During operation, the signal enters the first numerically controlled transistor array composed of common gate transistors M3 and M4 and the first numerically controlled transistor array composed of common gate transistors M4 and M6 respectively from the common gate transistor circuit 304 (the number of conducting transistors in the numerically controlled transistor array is controlled by digital bits to realize the digital control variable gain signal amplification function). Then, it passes through the cross current rudder structure 303 and the parasitic compensation inductor 302 to compensate for the output parasitic parameters of the common gate transistor and the numerically controlled common gate transistor. Finally, it is output from the transistor circuit 301 that provides constant current. The constant current source transistor circuit can provide a suitable output impedance, which is easy to match the overall variable gain amplifier.

[0100] In this embodiment of the invention, the dual-frequency millimeter-wave phased array system can connect multiple dual-frequency dual-polarized antennas and achieve two-dimensional expansion on a PCB to form a high-order phased array system. For example, the dual-frequency millimeter-wave phased array system of Embodiment 1 (e.g.) Figure 1 As shown), they can be connected together to form a 5G dual-band millimeter-wave phased array system array, forming a high-order phased array system array, such as... Figure 14 The high-order phased array includes four dual-frequency millimeter-wave phased array systems: a first dual-frequency millimeter-wave phased array system 401, a second dual-frequency millimeter-wave phased array system 402, a third dual-frequency millimeter-wave phased array system 403, and a fourth dual-frequency millimeter-wave phased array system 404. The four dual-frequency millimeter-wave phased array systems are connected via inter-array broadband power dividers. When transmitting signals, the signals are input from the vertical and horizontal polarization ports, and then the broadband power dividers between the arrays distribute the signals from the four dual-frequency millimeter-wave phased array systems. The horizontal and vertical polarization channels of the array system are input, entering each dual-frequency millimeter-wave phased array system. After passing through the dual-polarization phased array channel and the dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna, the signal is transmitted into space, realizing the dual-polarization signal transmission of the high-order phased array system. When receiving signals, after being received from the dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna, the signal enters each dual-frequency millimeter-wave phased array system. After passing through the dual-polarization phased array channel and the polarization leakage cancellation circuit, the signal is then input to the vertical polarization port and horizontal polarization port of the high-order phased array system array via a broadband power divider between arrays.

[0101] In this embodiment of the invention, the dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna, multiple dual-polarized phased array channels, multiple broadband power dividers, and polarization leakage cancellation circuit can all be packaged using antenna-in-package (AIP) technology, which integrates the antenna with the chip, facilitating subsequent chip usage. The antenna-in-package (AIP) technology includes embedded wafer-level ball grid array packaging.

[0102] In this embodiment of the invention, the multiple dual-polarized phased array channels, multiple broadband power dividers, and polarization leakage cancellation circuits of the dual-frequency millimeter-wave phased array system chip can be packaged using wafer-level chip packaging technology (WLCSP), and then connected to the dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna outside the chip, thereby achieving a small-size compact package.

[0103] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic features of the present invention.

[0104] Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0105] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A dual-frequency millimeter-wave phased array system, characterized in that, The system includes a 5G dual-band millimeter-wave phased array chip capable of receiving and transmitting dual-band dual-polarized signals, multiple dual-band dual-polarized antennas connected to the 5G dual-band millimeter-wave phased array chip for transmitting dual-band dual-polarized signals, and a dual-band millimeter-wave phased array chip supporting three modes: two single-band modes with filtering response and one broadband mode combining dual bands. It has multiple dual-polarized phased array channels composed of horizontal and vertical polarized phased array channels, a broadband power divider, and a polarization leakage cancellation circuit. The dual-polarized phased array channels are used to amplify, modulate, and phase the dual-band signals in both transmit and receive modes. Each dual-band dual-polarized antenna is connected to one dual-polarized phased array channel, and each dual-polarized phased array channel is connected to the polarization leakage cancellation circuit via the broadband power divider. The polarization leakage cancellation circuit connects the vertical polarization port and the horizontal polarization port. In receive mode, the received polarized signals are combined by the broadband power divider, and the RF channel signal is output from the vertical polarization port and the horizontal polarization port after passing through the polarization leakage cancellation circuit. In transmit mode, the transmitted polarized signal is divided by a broadband power divider after passing through a polarization leakage cancellation circuit and output to the dual-polarized phased array channel, and then transmitted by a dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna.

2. The dual-frequency millimeter-wave phased array system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The transmit link of the dual-polarized phased array channel includes a frequency reconfigurable power amplifier, a first broadband variable gain amplifier connected to the frequency reconfigurable power amplifier through a transmit matching network, a first broadband buffer connected to the first broadband variable gain amplifier, and a first broadband phase shifter connected to the first broadband buffer. In transmit mode, the transmit signal is input from the horizontal polarization port and / or the vertical polarization port and passes through the polarization leakage cancellation circuit. After being distributed by the broadband power divider, it enters the dual-polarization phased array channel. After passing through the broadband switch, the signal is sequentially phase-shifted by the first broadband phase shifter, amplified by the first broadband buffer with fixed gain, amplitude-modulated by the first broadband variable gain amplifier, and amplified by the frequency reconfigurable power amplifier. Finally, it is transmitted through the dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna. The receiving link of the dual-polarized phased array channel includes a frequency reconfigurable low-noise amplifier, a second broadband phase shifter connected to the frequency reconfigurable low-noise amplifier through a receiving matching network, a second broadband buffer connected to the second broadband phase shifter, and a second broadband variable gain amplifier connected to the second broadband buffer. In receiving mode, the dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna amplifies the received signal sequentially through a frequency-reconfigurable low-noise amplifier, modulates the phase of the second broadband phase shifter, amplifies the signal with constant gain through a second buffer amplifier, and modulates the amplitude of the signal through a second variable gain amplifier. Then, the signal enters the broadband power divider through a broadband switch to complete the polarization channel power synthesis, and is output from the horizontal polarization port and / or the vertical polarization port through a polarization leakage cancellation circuit. The second broadband variable gain amplifier and the first broadband phase shifter are each connected to a broadband switch via a matching network. The broadband switch is used to switch between the transmit link and the receive link.

3. The dual-frequency millimeter-wave phased array system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The frequency-reconfigurable power amplifier operates in two different frequency bands, forming three operating modes: two single-frequency modes with filtering responses and a dual-frequency combined broadband mode. It includes two narrowband driver stages operating in different frequency bands and one broadband output stage operating in the broadband mode. The two narrowband driver stages are connected in parallel at their output terminals and then connected to the input terminal of the broadband output stage via an inter-stage matching network. Each narrowband driver stage includes a narrowband input stage amplifier and a narrowband driver stage amplifier connected to the narrowband input stage amplifier via an inter-stage matching network. The three operating modes are switched by adjusting the bias of the two narrowband driver stages.

4. The dual-frequency millimeter-wave phased array system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The frequency reconfigurable low-noise amplifier can operate in two different frequency bands, forming three operating modes, including a broadband low-noise input stage operating in a wideband and two narrowband driver stages operating in different frequency bands. The input terminals of the two narrowband driver stages are connected in parallel and then connected to the output terminal of the broadband low-noise input stage through an inter-stage matching network. Each narrowband driver stage includes a narrowband driver stage amplifier and a narrowband output stage amplifier connected to the narrowband driver stage amplifier through an inter-stage matching network. The three operating modes are switched by adjusting the bias of the two narrowband driver stages.

5. The dual-frequency millimeter-wave phased array system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The broadband output stage of the frequency-reconfigurable power amplifier and the broadband low-noise input stage of the frequency-reconfigurable low-noise amplifier adopt a bidirectional matching configuration and share a matching network.

6. The dual-frequency millimeter-wave phased array system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna includes a stacked patch antenna.

7. The dual-frequency millimeter-wave phased array system as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The stacked patch antenna includes a high-frequency antenna layer, a prepreg layer, a low-frequency antenna layer, a ground layer, and a coaxial cable. The prepreg layer is located between the high-frequency antenna and the low-frequency antenna, the ground layer is at the bottom of the structure, one end of the coaxial cable is connected to ground, and the other end feeds the high-frequency antenna and the low-frequency antenna to the upper layer.

8. The dual-frequency millimeter-wave phased array system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The broadband power divider consists of multiple units. Each vertical polarization phased-array channel is connected to a broadband power divider, and each horizontal polarization phased-array channel is connected to a broadband power divider. The broadband power divider connected to the vertical polarization phased-array channel is connected to a polarization leakage cancellation circuit through a master broadband power divider, and the broadband power divider connected to the horizontal polarization phased-array channel is connected to a polarization leakage cancellation circuit through another master broadband power divider.

9. The dual-frequency millimeter-wave phased array system as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The broadband power divider includes two 1-to-4 power divider networks with a total of eight ports. One of the 1-to-4 power divider networks has four vertical polarization channels, and the other 1-to-4 power divider network has four horizontal polarization channels. Each 1-to-4 power divider network includes a first-order transmission line matching network and two second-order lumped element matching networks. The output of the first-order transmission line matching network is connected to the input of the two second-order lumped element matching networks.

10. The dual-frequency millimeter-wave phased array system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The polarization leakage cancellation circuit adjusts the signal transmission direction and signal path according to the receiving mode and the transmitting mode to generate a polarization cancellation signal with the same amplitude but opposite phase as the polarization signal, which cancels out the leaked polarization signal. It includes a first power divider and a third power divider. One path of the first power divider is connected to a first transmitting cancellation unit formed by connecting a first phase shifter, a first buffer, and a first variable gain amplifier in sequence via a first switch, and a first receiving cancellation unit formed by connecting a third phase shifter, a third buffer, and a third variable gain amplifier in sequence. The first variable gain amplifier and the third phase shifter are connected to a second power divider via a second switch. The first phase shifter and the third phase shifter are connected to the first switch. The other path of the first power divider is connected to the output terminal of the first power amplifier and the input terminal of the third power amplifier via a third switch. The output terminal of the first power amplifier and the input terminal of the third power amplifier are connected to a fourth power divider via a fourth switch. One path of the third power divider is connected to the second transmit cancellation unit, which is formed by the fifth switch and the second phase shifter, the second buffer, and the second variable gain amplifier in sequence, and to the second receive cancellation unit, which is formed by the fourth phase shifter, the fourth buffer, and the fourth variable gain amplifier in sequence. The fourth phase shifter and the second variable gain amplifier are connected to the sixth switch, which is connected to the fourth power divider. The fifth switch is connected to the second phase shifter and the fourth variable gain amplifier. The other path of the third power divider is connected to the input terminal of the second power amplifier and the output terminal of the fourth power amplifier through the seventh switch. The output terminal of the second power amplifier and the input terminal of the fourth power amplifier are connected to the second component input / output interface of the second power divider through the eighth switch.

11. The dual-frequency millimeter-wave phased array system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The input matching module of the reconfigurable power amplifier uses a coplanar waveguide based on a transmission line to match the impedance between the input stage and the source. It also uses a transmission line to achieve dual-frequency signal splitting, with one signal input terminal and two signal output terminals. The two signal output terminals output signals of different frequencies. While not affecting the matching within their respective frequency bands, the transmission line is made to be in a high-impedance state in another frequency band, so that the two paths do not interfere with each other when transmitting signals.

12. The dual-frequency millimeter-wave phased array system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The first and second broadband phase shifters are broadband phase shifters with the same structure. The broadband phase shifter structure includes a broadband polyphase filter and two variable gain amplifiers. The output of the broadband polyphase filter is connected to the input of the two variable gain amplifiers. The differential signal is output as a quadrature signal after passing through the broadband polyphase filter. The two variable gain amplifiers adjust the amplitude of the output quadrature signal respectively.

13. The dual-frequency millimeter-wave phased array system as described in claim 12, characterized in that, The broadband multiphase filter includes multiple orthogonal coupling units, which are connected in high order to form a cascaded orthogonal signal generation circuit.

14. The dual-frequency millimeter-wave phased array system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The first broadband variable gain amplifier and the second broadband variable gain amplifier use the same broadband variable gain amplifier. The broadband variable gain amplifier includes, from the input terminal to the output terminal, a differential common gate transistor and a digitally controlled common gate transistor circuit, a parasitic compensation circuit, and a transistor circuit that provides constant current, connected in sequence. The differential common gate transistor and the digitally controlled common gate transistor circuit are cross-coupled to realize digitally controlled variable gain signal amplification. The parasitic compensation circuit is used to compensate for the output parasitic parameters of the common gate transistor and the digitally controlled common gate transistor. The transistor circuit that provides constant current also provides a suitable output impedance so that the differential signal can be matched to the switching array composed of differentially controlled common gate transistors. After passing through the parasitic compensation circuit and the constant current source circuit, broadband controllable gain amplification is achieved.

15. The dual-frequency millimeter-wave phased array system as described in claim 14, characterized in that, The broadband variable gain amplifier adopts a cross-coupled current rudder structure to achieve impedance matching through the inductance of the center node and to compensate for the parasitic capacitance of the switch array, thereby realizing broadband controllable gain amplification with low parasitic phase shift.

16. The dual-frequency millimeter-wave phased array system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna, dual-polarized phased array channel, broadband power divider, and polarization leakage cancellation circuit are all packaged using antenna-in-package (AIP) technology, including embedded wafer-level ball grid array packaging.

17. The dual-frequency millimeter-wave phased array system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The dual-polarized phased array channel, broadband power divider, and polarization leakage cancellation circuit are packaged using wafer-level chip packaging (WLCSP) technology and then connected to the dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna outside the chip.

18. The dual-frequency millimeter-wave phased array system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The dual-frequency millimeter-wave phased array system is extended in two dimensions on the PCB to form a high-order phased array system array.

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