A composition containing biochar and silicon and its use

Abstract

The application discloses a composition for enhancing the tolerance of plants to chlorobenzene stress, which contains biochar and silicon fertilizer. The composition of the application can greatly improve the tolerance of plants to chlorobenzene organic matter pollution stress and improve the yield of plants. Compared with the biochar or silicon fertilizer alone, the composition of the application has a significant synergistic effect on the tolerance of plants to chlorobenzene organic matter, and has a wide application prospect.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a composition containing biochar and silicon fertilizer and application thereof, in particular, application of the composition to enhancing plant tolerance to 1,2,4-TCB (1,2,4-trichlorobenzene) stress. BACKGROUND

[0002] Biochar refers to a solid product produced by high-temperature slow pyrolysis (usually ≤ 700℃) of biomass under low-oxygen conditions. In theory, various biological organic materials such as wheat straw, rice root stalks, plant fallen leaves, etc. can be used as raw materials for preparing biochar. At present, biochar is widely used in the adsorption of heavy metals in soil. It has also been found that the adsorption capacity of biochar for organic pollutants is much stronger than that of other forms of natural organic matter such as humic acid per unit of organic carbon adsorption.

[0003] Silicon is the second most abundant element in the earth's crust, which usually exists in the form of silicon dioxide or silicate. Effective silicon in soil not only serves as a nutrient for plants, but also reduces the migration of heavy metals in soil through ion exchange, adsorption, coordination and co-precipitation, effectively reducing the toxicity of heavy metals to crops.

[0004] It has been widely reported in the prior art that both silicon fertilizer and biochar are effective soil heavy metal pollution remediation agents and soil improvers. It has also been found that the interaction between silicon fertilizer and biochar often causes changes in their properties, thereby affecting their heavy metal passivation effect.

[0005] Although it has also been reported in the prior art that the use of silicon fertilizer and biochar alone can improve the plant tolerance to certain organic stress. Similarly, due to the interaction between silicon fertilizer and biochar, it is unpredictable whether the combination of the two has improved effect on certain organic stress and improves the plant tolerance to these organic stress, and sometimes it often reduces the plant tolerance to organic stress.

[0006] The problem of soil pollution caused by excessive input of agricultural chemicals in agricultural development in China is increasingly prominent, and the remediation and improvement of chlorobenzene-contaminated farmland soil is of great concern. It is particularly important to seek soil improvers with stable, efficient and inexpensive remediation effect. SUMMARY

[0007] In view of the increasingly prominent problem of farmland soil pollution, the problem that chlorobenzene organic matter-contaminated farmland soil exerts stress on plants and affects plant production and further affects plant yield, the present application provides a composition for enhancing plant tolerance to chlorobenzene organic stress. By applying the composition of the present application, the stress of chlorobenzene organic matter on plant growth is reduced, and the yield of plants is improved.

[0008] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application adopts the following technical scheme:

[0009] The present application provides a composition for enhancing the tolerance of plants to chlorobenzene organic matter stress, wherein the composition comprises biochar and silicon fertilizer.

[0010] Preferably, the weight ratio of the biochar and the silicon fertilizer is 1:10-10:1.

[0011] Preferably, the plant is rice.

[0012] The present application also provides a fertilizer comprising the above-mentioned composition.

[0013] The present application also provides the application of the above-mentioned composition and the fertilizer in improving the tolerance of plants and ensuring the yield.

[0014] The present application also provides the application of the composition and the fertilizer in improving the antioxidant enzyme in the plant.

[0015] Advantages

[0016] The composition disclosed in the present application has the following advantages:

[0017] 1. The composition of the present application can enhance the tolerance of plants to chlorobenzene organic matter, especially to 1,2,4-TCB stress.

[0018] 2. The composition of the present application can improve the activity of antioxidant enzymes (such as SOD and POD) in the plant, reduce the degree of cell membrane lipid peroxidation, and thus enhance the stability of the cell structure.

[0019] 3. The application of the composition of the present application enhances the tolerance of plants to chlorobenzene organic pollutants, and compared with the application of biochar or silicon fertilizer alone, the composition of the present application further improves the yield of the plant. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 Effect of biochar and silicon on the growth of rice seedlings under 1,2,4-TCB stress: the letters in the picture represent A: Wuyunjian 80, B: Wuyunjian 27, C: Wuyunjian No. 3, D: Wuyunjian 21, E: Lianjian 1513, F: Xu40398, G: Songzaoxiang No. 1, H: Huzhaoxiangruan No. 2, I: Xindan 22, J: Ningjian 040, Figures 2-5 The same as above

[0021] Figure 2 Effect of biochar and silicon on the growth of rice tillering under 1,2,4-TCB stress

[0022] Figure 3 Effects of biochar and silicon on growth of rice at jointing stage under 1,2,4-TCB stress

[0023] Figure 4 Effects of biochar and silicon on growth of rice at heading stage under 1,2,4-TCB stress

[0024] Figure 5 Effects of biochar and silicon on growth of rice at maturity stage under 1,2,4-TCB stress DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] So that the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application are more apparent, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments but not all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the scope of protection of the present application. Unless otherwise explicitly indicated, in the whole specification and claims, the term “comprise” or its variants such as “contain” or “include” and the like should be understood as including the stated components or steps, and not excluding the presence of other components or steps.

[0026] In addition, in order to better illustrate the present application, a large number of specific details are given in the specific embodiments below.

[0027] Those skilled in the art should understand that the present application can be implemented without certain specific details. In some embodiments, the raw materials, methods, means and the like which are well known to those skilled in the art are not described in detail, in order to highlight the main idea of the present application.

[0028] Firstly, the present application provides a composition for enhancing the tolerance of plants to chlorobenzene organic stress, which contains biochar and silicon fertilizer.

[0029] The chlorobenzene organic matter in the present application is preferably 1,2,4-TCB

[0030] Preferably, the weight ratio of biochar and silicon fertilizer in some embodiments is 1:10-10:1, and particularly preferably 4:0.568.

[0031] Preferably, in some embodiments, the silicon fertilizer is Na2SiO3. The plant is rice.

[0032] The present application also provides a fertilizer containing the above-mentioned composition disclosed in the present application.

[0033] The application also provides the use of the above-mentioned composition and fertilizer in improving the tolerance of plants and guaranteeing yield.

[0034] The application also provides the use of the composition and fertilizer of the application in improving the antioxidant enzyme in plants.

[0035] The biochar of the application is preferably prepared by the following technical scheme: the wheat straw is heated to 350 DEG C at a heating rate of 10 DEG C / min from room temperature in a low-oxygen environment, and then cooled to room temperature after heat decomposition for about 2 hours; the pyrolyzed wheat straw biochar is placed in a sealed container and aged in a 4 DEG C refrigerator for about 25 days in the dark.

[0036] The test soil of the application is preferably loam soil rich in organic matter, with a soil pH of 7.12, a total nitrogen content of 1.21 g·kg -1 , an available phosphorus content of 41 mg·kg -1 , and an available potassium content of 135 mg·kg -1 .

[0037] The application will be further described below in conjunction with examples and drawings, and the raw materials used in the examples can be purchased from the market if not specifically stated. The percentage content refers to the weight percentage. Meanwhile, the examples are not intended to limit the protection scope of the application, but to describe the concept and gist of the application in more detail.

[0038] Example 1 Influence of biochar and silicon on the morphological and physiological characteristics of rice under 1,2,4-TCB stress

[0039] 1 Materials and methods

[0040] 1.1 Test materials

[0041] Through the analysis and screening in the early stage, 1,2,4-TCB stress different tolerance (promotion, more resistant, resistant, sensitive, more sensitive) rice varieties are obtained, among which the japonica rice promotion type rice varieties (Wuyunjing 80, Wuyunjing 27) are selected; more resistant rice varieties (Wuyunjing No. 3, Wuyunjing 21), resistant rice varieties (Lianjing 1513, Xu 40398); sensitive rice varieties (Songzaoxiang No. 1, Huzhaoxiangruan No. 2); more sensitive rice varieties (Xindao 22, Ningjing 040) are selected, a total of 10. The above test rice varieties are measured for plant height, root length, root number, aboveground dry weight, underground dry weight, aboveground fresh weight, underground fresh weight and other indexes at the seedling stage, tillering stage, jointing stage, heading stage and maturation stage. The test drug 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB) has a purity of 96%, which is analytical pure and purchased from China Pharmaceutical Group Shanghai Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.

[0042] 1.2 Test design

[0043] 1.2.1 Test site

[0044] In May-November 2022, the test site of Huaiyin Institute of Technology, the soil is loam with relatively rich organic matter content, the soil pH is 7.12, the total nitrogen content is 1.21 g·kg -1 , the available phosphorus content is 41 mg·kg -1 , and the available potassium content is 135 mg·kg -1 .

[0045] 1.2.2 Preparation of test reagent

[0046] The concentration of the test reagent of the application is: the concentration of biochar is 4 g·kg -1 , the concentration of 1,2,4-TCB is 35 mg·kg -1 , and the concentration of silicon treatment is 0.568 g·kg -1 .

[0047] 1.2.3 Test scheme

[0048] The test has 8 treatments:

[0049] i. Test number without introducing pollutants in soil

[0050] Control treatment (without adding any biochar and silicon, CK); single biochar treatment (4 g·kg -1 , T1); single silicon treatment (0.568 g·kg -1 silicon, T2)

[0051] ii. Test number of introducing 1,2,4-TCB in soil

[0052] Single 1,2,4-TCB treatment (35 mg·kg -1 1,2,4-TCB, T3); biochar+silicon treatment (4 g·kg -1 biochar+0.568 g·kg -1 silicon, T4) after adding the above concentration of 1,2,4-TCB soil; biochar treatment (4 g·kg -1 biochar T5); silicon treatment (0.568 g·kg -1 silicon T6); biochar+silicon treatment (4 g·kg -1 biochar+0.568 g·kg -1 silicon T7).

[0053] iii. Test process of introducing 1,2,4-TCB in soil

[0054] 1,2,4-TCB solution (10 mL of absolute ethanol as solvent) was added to the soil according to the treatment concentration, and 3 parallel samples were set for each treatment group, with a total of 160 pots. In each polypropylene (PP) material plastic turnover box (60 cm long, 50 cm wide, and 25 cm high), 35 kg of air-dried and sieved soil samples were placed, and biochar and silicon fertilizer were added as basal fertilizer according to the mass proportion, stirred uniformly, and 5 g of urea was applied as base fertilizer before rice planting. Under flooded conditions, the rice seeds were disinfected, soaked, and germinated, and the seeds with uniform germination were selected and planted in the plastic turnover boxes. Each variety was planted in seven rows with a row spacing of 10 cm and a plant spacing of 8 cm, with 5 holes in each row and 3 plants in each hole. After planting, the plants were managed according to normal field production methods, and no pesticides were sprayed during the experiment. Manual weeding was performed. During the growth period of the rice, tap water was used for irrigation, and the water level was maintained at about 3-4 cm above the soil surface.

[0055] 1.3 Determination items and methods

[0056] 1.3.1 Determination of rice morphological indicators

[0057] Determine the plant height (measure the length from the base of the plant to the tip of the longest leaf / the height of the panicle tip in cm), select 3 rice seedlings with uniform growth (i.e. 3 replicates) for each treatment, wash the rice plants, and then dry them with absorbent paper. Label the aboveground and underground parts of the rice separately, place them in paper bags, and then use a 105°C oven to kill the greenness for 20 minutes. Adjust the temperature to 80°C and dry until the weight is constant until complete drying. After cooling, use an electronic balance to measure the weight.

[0058] 1.3.2 Determination of rice yield

[0059] At the mature stage, 6 holes of representative plants were selected for yield determination for each treatment, and the panicle length, number of effective panicles per hole, number of filled grains per panicle, number of empty grains per panicle, seed setting rate, and thousand-grain weight were determined.

[0060] 1.3.3 Determination of rice SOD

[0061] Add enzyme solution to the sample tube (about 20 μL); add reaction solution 3 mL and 0.1 mL of 50 mM pH 7.8 phosphate buffer to the blank zero tube and place it in the dark; add SOD reaction solution 3 mL to the light control tube. Place the above tubes under a 4000 Lux daylight lamp for 15-20 min. The reaction solution is 1 L of 50 mM, pH 7.8 phosphate buffer containing 0.0163 g of nitrogen blue tetrazolium (NBT), 1.9399 g of methionine (Met), 0.03721 g of EDTA-Na2, and 0.0753 g of riboflavin. After the reaction is completed, immediately colorimetric at 560 nm.

[0062] SOD total activity = (Ack-AE) x V / (0.5 x Adk x W x Vt)

[0063] In the above formula, the total SOD activity is expressed as the enzyme units contained per gram of material (fresh weight), where Ack is the absorbance of the light control tube, AE is the absorbance of the sample tube, V is the total volume of the sample solution in mL, Vt is the amount of sample used for determination in mL, W is the fresh weight of the sample in g, and the SOD activity unit is defined as 50% inhibition of photochemical reduction.

[0064] 1.3.4 Determination of rice POD

[0065] 1.4 Data analysis and plotting

[0066] The experimental data was processed and analyzed using Excel 2010 and Origin 2019 software. The data from different treatments were compared using Duncan's multiple comparison.

[0067] 2. Results and analysis

[0068] 2.1 Effect of biochar and silicon on the height of rice under 1,2,4-TCB stress

[0069] From Table 1, Figures 1-5 It can be seen that during the main growth period, under 1,2,4-TCB stress (T3), the height of Ningjing 040, a relatively sensitive rice variety, decreased significantly, with a decrease of 36.17% at the seedling stage. Under the combined application of biochar and silicon treatment (T7), the height of Ningjing 040, a relatively sensitive rice variety, increased significantly, with an increase of 35.84% at the seedling stage.

[0070] The plant height of the promoting rice varieties Wu Yunjing 80 and Wu Yujing 27 decreased significantly after T3 treatment at seedling stage, tillering stage, jointing stage, heading stage and maturity stage, with the most significant decrease at seedling stage, by 20.50% and 23.00% respectively. The plant height of the two varieties increased significantly after T5 and T6 treatment at seedling stage, with the most significant increase of 17.90%, 24.99% and 19.20%, 32.56% respectively. The plant height of the two varieties treated with T7 was significantly higher than that treated with T3, with the most significant increase of 22.90% and 38.30% at seedling stage. The plant height of the relatively tolerant rice varieties Wu Yujing 3 and Wu Yujing 21 decreased significantly after T3 treatment at whole growth period, with the most significant decrease at seedling stage and maturity stage, by 25.22% and 13.76% respectively. The plant height of the two varieties increased significantly after T5 and T6 treatment at seedling stage, with the most significant increase of 20.85%, 22.64% and 22.63%, 22.24% respectively. The plant height of the two varieties treated with T7 was significantly higher than that treated with T3, with the most significant increase of 29.77% and 30.18% at seedling stage. The plant height of the tolerant rice varieties Lianjing 1513 and Xu 40398 decreased significantly after T3 treatment at seedling stage, tillering stage, jointing stage, heading stage and maturity stage, with the most significant decrease at seedling stage, by 26.47% and 30.00% respectively. The plant height of the two varieties increased significantly after T5 and T6 treatment at seedling stage, with the most significant increase of 22.96%, 24.15% and 24.76%, 25.56% respectively. The plant height of the two varieties treated with T7 was significantly higher than that treated with T3, with the most significant increase of 32.34% at seedling stage. The plant height of the sensitive rice varieties Songzaoxiang 1 and Huzhaoxiangruan 2 decreased significantly after T3 treatment at whole growth period, with the most significant decrease at tillering stage, by 22.68% and 24.84% respectively. The plant height of the two varieties increased significantly after T5 and T6 treatment at tillering stage, with the most significant increase of 19.42%, 21.47% and 24.09%, 26.30% respectively. The plant height of the two varieties treated with T7 was significantly higher than that treated with T3, with the most significant increase of 25.89% and 28.18% at tillering stage. The plant height of the relatively sensitive rice varieties Xindan 22 and Ningjing 040 decreased significantly after T3 treatment at whole growth period, with the most significant decrease at seedling stage, by 21.85% and 36.17% respectively. The plant height of the two varieties increased significantly after T5 and T6 treatment at seedling stage, with the most significant increase of 19.97%, 23.74% and 20.92%, 25.48% respectively. The plant height of the two varieties treated with T7 was significantly higher than that treated with T3, with the most significant increase of 28.05%, 35.84%.

[0071] Table 1 Effects of biochar and silicon on the plant height of rice in the main growth period under 1,2,4-TCB stress (cm)

[0072]

[0073]

[0074]

[0075] Note: The data are mean ± standard deviation, and different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P < 0.05), the same below

[0076] From Table 1 and Figures 1-5 It can be seen that different treatments have different effects on the plant height of rice in the main growth period under 1,2,4-TCB stress. Single application of biochar (T2) and single application of silicon (T3) can promote the growth of plant height of rice in the whole growth period, and the plant height of T4 is higher than that of T1, T2 and CK. Under the combined application of biochar and silicon, the plant height of T7 is significantly higher than that of T3, T5 and T6, indicating that the application of biochar and silicon fertilizer can better promote the growth of rice, and the plant height of different rice varieties in different growth periods is increased.

[0077] 2.2 Effects of biochar and silicon on the yield of rice in the mature period under 1,2,4-TCB stress

[0078] Table 2 Effects of biochar and silicon on the yield of rice in the mature period under 1,2,4-TCB stress

[0079]

[0080]

[0081]

[0082] From the above, it can be seen that 1,2,4-TCB stress reduces the yield of rice, and the number of panicles, the number of grains per panicle, the seed setting rate, the thousand-grain weight and the yield of different rice varieties are significantly improved after the combined application of biochar and silicon fertilizer, indicating that the yield of different varieties of rice in the mature period is effectively improved by the application of biochar and silicon fertilizer.

[0083] 2.3 Effects of biochar and silicon on the POD activity of rice leaves in the main growth period under 1,2,4-TCB stress

[0084] Table 3 Effects of biochar and silicon on the POD activity of rice leaves in the main growth period under 1,2,4-TCB stress (△A470 g -1 FWmin -1 )

[0085]

[0086]

[0087]

[0088] From Table 3, it can be seen that 1,2,4-TCB stress inhibited the POD activity of rice leaves in the whole growth period. After the combined application of biochar and silicon, the POD activity of leaves of different rice varieties in the whole growth period was significantly improved. The results proved that the application of biochar and silicon fertilizer can significantly alleviate the inhibition of 1,2,4-TCB stress on the POD enzyme activity of rice leaves.

[0089] 2.4 Effect of biochar and silicon on SOD activity of rice leaves in main growth period under 1,2,4-TCB stress

[0090] Table 4 Effect of biochar and silicon on SOD activity of rice leaves in main growth period under 1,2,4-TCB stress (U·g -1 ·min -1 FW)

[0091]

[0092]

[0093]

[0094] From Table 4, it can be seen that under 1,2,4-TCB stress, the T7 treatment was significantly higher than the T3 treatment in the whole growth period, indicating that the combined application of biochar and silicon fertilizer can remove the active oxygen and peroxide produced by superoxide anion free radicals in the leaves of different rice varieties under 1,2,4-TCB stress, reduce the toxicity of peroxide to plants, and improve the stress resistance of rice leaf cells.

[0095] The preferred embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail above, but the present disclosure is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the technical concept of the present disclosure, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the present disclosure, and these simple modifications all belong to the protection scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. Use of a composition consisting of biochar and silicon fertilizer for enhancing tolerance of rice to chlorobenzenes organic stress, characterized in that, The silicon fertilizer is Na2SiO3, the weight ratio of the biochar and the silicon fertilizer is 1:10-10:1, and the chlorobenzenes organic matter is 1,2,4-TCB.

2. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that, The weight ratio of the biochar and the silicon fertilizer is 4:0.568.

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