A knife bar

Abstract

This invention discloses a tool holder, comprising: a tool holder body; an internal cooling channel formed inside the tool holder body for guiding coolant to a vicinity of a receiving tank for heat exchange; the internal cooling channel having an inlet and an outlet; an external cooling channel formed on an assembly; at least one spray hole of the external cooling channel being located in the receiving tank; and a liquid path switching component having a transfer channel for connecting the external cooling channel and the internal cooling channel; wherein, the assembly drives the liquid path switching component to rotate, thereby connecting or misaligning the two openings of the transfer channel with the external cooling channel and the internal cooling channel respectively, and ensuring that the spray hole is connected in the receiving tank in the connected state or only the internal cooling channel is connected in the misaligned state; the tool structure provided by this invention solves the problem that existing tools can only be cooled by external coolant and cannot adapt to different working conditions by selecting internal cooling or internal and external cooling methods for machining.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cutting tool manufacturing, and more specifically to a tool holder. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of the machinery manufacturing industry, cutting conditions are becoming increasingly complex, and the requirements for the performance and versatility of cutting tools are also increasing. In traditional cutting processes, in order to improve the service life of cutting tools and enhance the efficiency of heat dissipation, coolant is usually poured directly onto the tool during the cutting process. Although this cooling method is effective, the coolant used in the machining process is generally difficult to recover and reuse. The recovered coolant needs to undergo filtration and other steps before reuse, which increases the cost. Moreover, a large amount of new coolant is consumed during the machining process, so the utilization efficiency of the coolant is too low.

[0003] Furthermore, when machining certain special parts, such as various shafts used in aerospace, the special material limitations often prevent the direct use of coolant for spray cooling. This directly affects the machining accuracy and surface quality of the workpiece. However, without coolant cooling, the heat dissipation effect of the cutting edge of the tool deteriorates, and high cutting temperatures may alter the properties of the workpiece material and affect the formation and disappearance of built-up edge. The cutting edge often suffers from chipping, breakage, fatigue wear, and other tool damage due to high cutting temperatures, which also affects the tool's cutting edge life and edge shape retention. Under such conditions, the only current solution is to frequently replace the cutting inserts, which greatly increases machining costs. Moreover, with the popularization of green manufacturing awareness, the environmental protection requirements for machining processes are becoming increasingly stringent. Harmful gases produced by coolant after high temperatures can easily be inhaled by operators, affecting their health. Therefore, reducing the use of external coolant spray is an important direction for the future development of cutting machining. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the above-mentioned defects or problems in the prior art and provide a tool holder that is simple in structure, easy to manufacture, easy to implement and low in cost, and solves the problem that existing tools can only be cooled by external coolant and cannot be adapted to different working conditions by selecting internal cooling or internal and external cooling methods for processing.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A tool holder, the tool holder comprising:

[0007] A tool holder body, one free end of which has a receiving groove for mounting the cutting blade;

[0008] An internal cooling channel, formed inside the tool holder body, is used to guide the coolant to the vicinity of the receiving tank for heat exchange; the internal cooling channel has an inlet and an outlet.

[0009] An external cooling channel is formed in an assembly, and the assembly is mounted on the same side of the tool holder body as the receiving groove; the external cooling channel has spray holes;

[0010] A fluid path switching component is mounted on the tool holder body with its axis parallel to the axis of the blade, and is anti-rotationally engaged with the assembly. The fluid path switching component has a transfer channel for connecting the external cooling path and the internal cooling path. The assembly drives the fluid path switching component to rotate, causing the two openings of the transfer channel to be misaligned or connected with the external cooling path and the internal cooling path, respectively. In the misaligned state, the coolant flows only through the internal cooling path. In the connected state, the coolant flows through both the internal cooling path and the external cooling path, and the coolant flowing through the external cooling path is sprayed into the receiving tank through the spray hole.

[0011] Preferably, the internal cooling path includes an inflow section, a bottom internal cooling channel section, a middle internal cooling channel section, a top internal cooling channel section, and an outflow section; the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet are respectively disposed in the inflow section and the outflow section; the diameter of the outflow section is smaller than the diameter of the inflow section, and the diameter of the outflow section is larger than the diameter of the bottom internal cooling channel.

[0012] Preferably, the middle inner cooling channel section and the top inner cooling channel section are arranged in an S-shape around each other, and the middle inner cooling channel section corresponds to the position near the bottom of the receiving tank, while the top inner cooling channel section is located near the side wall of the receiving tank.

[0013] Preferably, the external cooling path further includes a liquid storage tank and a transition channel, the liquid storage tank being used to buffer the flow pressure of the coolant; the transition channel connecting the inflow section and the transfer channel; the liquid storage tank connecting the transfer channel and the spray hole; wherein, the diameter of the transition channel is smaller than the diameter of the inflow section.

[0014] Preferably, the fluid switching component is arranged in a stepped column configuration, comprising an interface column, a positioning column, a straight column, a conical sealing limiting part, and a shaft bottom connected in sequence; the inlet and outlet of the transfer channel are respectively located at the conical sealing limiting part and the interface column; the positioning column has at least one anti-rotation surface that cooperates with the anti-rotation surface of the assembly; the tool holder body has a transition conical hole that cooperates with the inclined surface of the conical sealing limiting part; wherein, the fluid switching component is encapsulated in the transition conical hole by a sealing block.

[0015] Preferably, the transition tapered hole is configured as: (h23-h22)*tan(β / 2)=(D21-D22) / 2;

[0016] Wherein, the taper angle β of the transition conical hole; the major diameter of the transition conical hole is D21, the minor diameter is D22; the distance between the major diameter position of the transition conical hole and the bottom surface of the tool holder body is h22, and the distance between the minor diameter position of the transition conical hole and the bottom surface of the tool holder body is h23.

[0017] Preferably, it further includes a guide structure disposed between the bottom of the shaft and the sealing block; the guide structure includes balls, a locking shim, and a guide groove formed on the bottom of the shaft, the locking shim is installed on the lower surface of the bottom of the shaft, and the locking shim has holes for ball assembly; the balls are distributed in the holes, and the balls act on the guide groove and the sealing block respectively.

[0018] Preferably, the assembly further includes a limiting structure for stopping and limiting the rotation of the assembly; the limiting structure includes a driving member and at least two limiting members, the two limiting members are respectively embedded in the assembly through curved surface engagement, and one end of the two limiting members acts on the surface of the tool holder body, and the other end engages with the driving member respectively; wherein, the driving member displaces relative to the assembly, and the two limiting members swing around the curved surface as a fulcrum, so that one end of the two limiting members abuts against or disengages from the surface of the tool holder body.

[0019] Preferably, the driving component is a stud, which is threaded to the assembly, and a limiting groove is formed on the outer periphery of the stud; wherein, the number of limiting components is three, and one end of each limiting component is placed in the limiting groove; when the stud moves along its axial direction, it synchronously drives each limiting component to swing in a lever-like manner.

[0020] Preferably, the limiting member is divided into a first limiting part and a second limiting part with the curved surface as the fulcrum, and the first limiting part and the second limiting part are set at an included angle. The first limiting part is used to press against the surface of the tool holder body, and the second limiting part is used to cooperate with the stud.

[0021] As can be seen from the above description of the present invention, compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] This invention provides a tool holder with a simple structure, easy manufacturing, and low cost. It solves the problem that existing tools can only be cooled by external coolant and cannot adapt to different working conditions by using internal cooling or a combination of internal and external cooling. The tool holder of this invention first overcomes the bottleneck of the difficulty in creating an internal cooling path, achieving a circular internal cooling path. Furthermore, through the assembly and fluid path switching components, it achieves independent cooling of the internal cooling water path and can switch to a dual-mode cooling system with simultaneous internal and external cooling. For precision parts machining (such as aerospace, military, and automotive parts) where contact with coolant is not possible, the internal cooling mode of this invention removes heat from the cutting tool through rapid heat exchange (i.e., indirect cooling). The heat dissipation efficiency of the cutting tool is more than doubled compared to natural heat dissipation without cooling, significantly improving the heat dissipation effect and effectively... This significantly reduces the wear and tear on the cutting tools, extending their lifespan and eliminating the need for frequent replacements, thus drastically lowering tool costs. Furthermore, with simultaneous cooling from both internal and external cooling channels, the cooling method is no longer the traditional pouring method; instead, precise spray cooling is implemented, preventing coolant waste and significantly improving the machining environment and safety (the coolant atomizes at high speed, further enhancing cooling efficiency by up to 70%). The cutting heat generated during cutting is dissipated more efficiently, with overall heat dissipation efficiency improved by over 50%. This prevents the cutting edge area from being constantly exposed to high temperatures, effectively mitigating tool wear and reducing replacement frequency. This greatly improves machining efficiency, reduces tool change time and tool wear, ultimately saving over 50% in wear and machining costs.

[0023] (2) The segmented design of the internal cooling path, the variation of the flow area of ​​each part, and the surrounding layout in this invention can significantly increase the heat exchange area between the cross section and the surrounding area while ensuring sufficient flow. At the same time, the central internal cooling channel section presents an S-shaped surrounding layout around the bottom mounting position of the blade, further increasing the heat exchange area with the blade heat source. This improves the heat dissipation efficiency of the blade while ensuring the structural strength of the bearing area of ​​the head of the cutting tool holder body.

[0024] (3) The present invention also provides a liquid storage tank. Although the structure design is simple, it is very ingenious and plays a very important role. The use of a small liquid storage tank in such a small volume brings the following effects: the liquid storage tank can provide a buffer space for the incoming coolant, so that some of the air bubbles in the incoming coolant can be broken, thereby making the coolant flowing through the external cooling path more stable, reducing the disturbance impact and pressure instability caused by the breaking of air bubbles when scouring the cutting edge area of ​​the blade, and effectively improving the surface quality of the workpiece.

[0025] (4) The liquid circuit switching component of the present invention is arranged in a stepped column, forming an interface column, a positioning column, a straight column, a conical sealing limit part and a shaft bottom. Each part has a unique function. The interface column and the positioning column cooperate with the assembly to ensure accurate docking. At the same time, they can drive the liquid circuit switching component to rotate as a whole, and at the same time, they can prevent the assembly from disengaging from the positioning column. The conical sealing limit part cooperates with the transition conical hole to achieve smooth and small gap during the rotation switching process. Especially under the condition that (h23-h22)*tan(β / 2)=(D21-D22) / 2 is met, it plays a good limiting and sealing role, and finally achieves a good control of the flow channel connection and blockage.

[0026] (5) The present invention also includes a guide structure, which reduces the resistance of the liquid circuit switching component when rotating, making the cooling mode switching process smoother, and making the installation and maintenance of each component simpler.

[0027] (6) The present invention also includes a limiting structure, which is used to limit the rotation of the assembly after switching, so that it is not easy to reverse. The present invention uses a curved surface as the fulcrum of the limiting component, and uses a lever swing to realize the limiting of the assembly and the surface of the tool holder body. The entire assembly is stuck in the limiting position, which avoids the spray misalignment or failure to spray due to instability or shaking after the assembly rotates and switches when the tool is working. Moreover, by moving the upper liquid circuit switching component upward through the limiting support, the surface of the transition cone hole and the cone-shaped sealing limiting part fit more tightly, thereby producing a better sealing effect. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the following description of the embodiments are briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the internal and external dual-mode cooling state of the tool structure described in this invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a perspective view of the cooling state within the tool structure described in this invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the internal cooling path in the tool structure described in this invention;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the internal and external dual-mode cooling state of the tool structure described in this invention;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the cooling state within the tool structure described in this invention;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the internal cooling circuit structure described in this invention;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a top view of the external cooling path and the internal cooling path described in this invention;

[0036] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the internal cooling path described in this invention;

[0037] Figure 9 A cross-sectional view of the assembly described in this invention. Figure 1 ;

[0038] Figure 10 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the tool holder body described in this invention;

[0039] Figure 11 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the fluid circuit switching component described in this invention;

[0040] Figure 12 This is a front view of the fluid circuit switching component described in this invention;

[0041] Figure 13 This is a cross-sectional view of the fluid circuit switching component described in this invention;

[0042] Figure 14 This is a top view of the fluid circuit switching component described in this invention;

[0043] Figure 15 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the card slot pad described in this invention;

[0044] Figure 16 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the sealing block described in this invention;

[0045] Figure 17 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the assembly described in this invention;

[0046] Figure 18 A cross-sectional view of the assembly described in this invention. Figure 2 ;

[0047] Figure 19 This is a top view of the assembly described in this invention;

[0048] Figure 20 This is a front view of the assembly described in this invention;

[0049] Figure 21 This is a front view of the driving component described in this invention;

[0050] Figure 22 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the limiting member described in this invention;

[0051] Figure 23This is a front view of the internal and external cooling channel structure described in this invention;

[0052] Figure 24 This is a side view of the internal and external cooling channel structure described in this invention;

[0053] Figure 25 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of the limiting component in the assembly described in this invention.

[0054] Attached image labels:

[0055] 1. Tool holder body; 1A. Receiving groove; 1C. Through hole; 10. Driving component; 102. Limiting groove; 122. Curved surface; 12. Limiting component; 13. Hydraulic circuit switching component; 131. Interface post; 132. Positioning post; 132-1. Fastening groove one; 132-2. Fastening groove two; 133. Transfer flow channel; 134. Straight post; 135. Conical sealing limiting part; 136. Shaft bottom; 137. Guide rail groove; 15. Ball bearing base; 16. Sealing block; 161. Annular groove; 162. Stepped hole; 17. Sealing ring; 19. Top locking screw; 2. Guide rotation structure; 21. O-ring seal; 2 2. Ball bearing; 23. Positioning gasket; 230. Hole; 3. Blade pressure rod; 4. Blade; 6. Internal cooling channel; 610. Liquid inlet; 61. Inflow section; 62. Transition channel; 63. Bottom internal cooling channel section; 64. Middle internal cooling channel section; 65. Top internal cooling channel section; 66. Outflow section; 660. Liquid outlet; 68. Sealing groove; 69. Transition cone hole; 7. Assembly parts; 71. Spray hole; 713. Arc groove; 716. Interface groove; 717. Screw slot; 72. Liquid reservoir; 74. Threaded hole; 75. Sealing groove; 76. Threaded hole; 77. Positioning groove; 79. Threaded hole. Detailed Implementation

[0056] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be considered as excluding other embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0057] Unless otherwise expressly defined, the use of terms such as "first," "second," or "third" in the claims, description, and accompanying drawings of this invention is for distinguishing different objects and not for describing a specific order.

[0058] Unless otherwise expressly defined, in the claims, description, and accompanying drawings of this invention, the use of directional terms such as "center," "lateral," "longitudinal," "horizontal," "vertical," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise" to indicate orientation or positional relationships is based on the orientation and positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and is only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and is not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the specific scope of protection of this invention.

[0059] Unless otherwise expressly defined, the terms "fixed connection" or "fixed connection" used in the claims, description and drawings of this invention should be interpreted broadly to refer to any connection in which there is no displacement or relative rotation relationship between the two parties, including non-removable fixed connection, detachable fixed connection, integral connection and fixed connection by other means or components.

[0060] In the claims, description and accompanying drawings of this invention, the terms "comprising," "having," and variations thereof are used to mean "including but not limited to."

[0061] See Figures 1 to 3 The tool holder described in this embodiment includes a tool structure comprising:

[0062] A tool holder body 1 has a receiving groove 1A at one free end for mounting a blade 4; in this embodiment, the blade 4 is mounted in the receiving groove 1A by a blade pressing rod 3.

[0063] The internal cooling channel 6 is formed inside the tool holder body 1 and is used to guide the coolant to the vicinity of the receiving tank 1A for heat exchange; the internal cooling channel 6 has a liquid inlet 610 and a liquid outlet 660.

[0064] It should be noted that, as Figures 3 to 8 As shown, the tool holder body 1 described in this embodiment can be formed using metal 3D printing technology, and the tool holder body 1 formed internal cooling channels 6. In this embodiment, the internal cooling channels 6 include an inflow section 61, a bottom internal cooling channel section 63, a middle internal cooling channel section 64, a top internal cooling channel section 65, and an outflow section 66.

[0065] The inlet 610 and outlet 660 are respectively provided in the inflow section 61 and the outflow section 66. When the cutting tool of this embodiment is installed on the machine tool, the inlet 610 and outlet 660 can be connected to the cooling interface of the machine tool to pass the cooling medium of the machine tool into the cutting tool. Of course, the machine tool may not have a built-in cooling device, and can be connected to the inlet 610 and outlet 660 through an external cooling device.

[0066] It should also be noted that the diameter of the outflow section 66 is smaller than the diameter of the inflow section 61, and the diameter of the outflow section 66 is larger than the diameter of the bottom inner cooling channel section 63.

[0067] The middle inner cooling channel section 64 and the top inner cooling channel section 65 are arranged in an S-shape around each other, and correspond to the positions near the bottom of the receiving tank 1A and the positions near the side wall of the receiving tank 1A, respectively.

[0068] In this embodiment, as Figure 7 , Figure 8 As shown, the inflow section 61 is a flow channel structure with a circular cross-section and a diameter of D. Connected to the inflow section 61 is the bottom inner cooling flow channel section 63, which has a circular cross-section and a diameter of D1, where D > D1. The end of the bottom inner cooling flow channel section 63 is connected to the middle inner cooling flow channel section 64. The cross-section of the middle inner cooling flow channel section 64 is a barrel-shaped structure with a central bulge and tapering ends. Its width is L2, its maximum height is L4, and its minimum height is L3. L2, L3, and L4 satisfy: L2 ≥ 1.5L4 ≥ 3L3. This structure can significantly increase the heat exchange area between the cross-section and the surrounding area while ensuring sufficient flow. At the same time, the middle inner cooling flow channel section 64 presents an S-shaped surround layout around the bottom mounting position of the blade 4 (i.e., the bottom position of the receiving groove 1A). This layout structure can also significantly increase the heat exchange area with the heat source of the blade 4, improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the blade 4, and ensure the structural strength of the receiving groove 1A position at the head of the tool holder body 1.

[0069] Connected to the end of the middle inner cooling channel section 64 is the top inner cooling channel section 65. The cross-sectional shape of the top inner cooling channel section 65 is a slender strip structure with a width of L6 and a height of L5, where L6 and L5 satisfy: L5≥2L6. This structure can significantly increase the heat exchange area between the cross-section and the surrounding area while ensuring sufficient flow. In addition, the top inner cooling channel section 65 also presents an S-shaped layout around the side mounting position of the blade 4 (i.e., the side wall position of the receiving groove 1A). This layout structure can also significantly increase the heat exchange area with the heat source on the side of the blade 4, improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the blade 4, and fully take into account the structural strength of the receiving groove 1A of the cutting tool holder body 1.

[0070] Connected to the end of the top internal cooling channel section 65 is the internal cooling channel outlet section 66, which has a circular cross-section with a diameter of D2, where D2 satisfies D>D2>D1. When the internal cooling operation mode is in progress, the coolant flows in from the inlet section 61, enters the bottom internal cooling channel section 63, flows through the middle internal cooling channel section 64, and then flows into the top internal cooling channel section 65. The coolant completes the heat exchange process with the blade 4 while flowing through the middle internal cooling channel section 64 and the top internal cooling channel section 65, and finally flows out from the internal cooling channel outlet section 66, completing a complete cycle of internal cooling flow process.

[0071] Through the differentiated design of each section of the internal cooling path 6, the cross-sections of the inflow section 61, the bottom internal cooling channel section 63, the middle internal cooling channel section 64, and the top internal cooling channel section 65 are different, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the channel section continuously decreases. On the one hand, this continuously increases the flow rate of the cooling medium in the internal cooling path 6, improving the heat exchange effect. On the other hand, due to the presence of the blade 4 in the receiving groove 1A, the external force exerted by the blade 4 during contact with the workpiece will be applied to the tool holder body 1. In this embodiment, the cross-sectional area of ​​the middle internal cooling channel section 64 and the top internal cooling channel section 65 near the receiving groove 1A is relatively small, which has a smaller impact on the strength of the tool holder body 1, meeting the usage requirements of various blades 4 and various machining conditions. It should be noted that in this embodiment, "end" refers to the end from which the cooling medium flows out, and "beginning" refers to the end from which the cooling medium flows in.

[0072] like Figure 6-7 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 As shown, an external cooling path is formed in the fitting 7, and the fitting 7 is mounted on the same side of the tool holder body 1 as the receiving groove 1A. When the external cooling path is activated, at least one spray hole 71 of the external cooling path is located in the receiving groove 1A.

[0073] The external cooling path includes a transfer channel 133, a transition channel 62, a liquid storage tank 72, and a spray nozzle 71.

[0074] The liquid storage tank 72 is used to buffer the flow pressure of the coolant;

[0075] The transition channel 62 connects the inflow section 61 and the transfer channel 133; the liquid storage tank 72 connects the transfer channel 133 and the spray hole 71 on the assembly 7; wherein, the diameter of the transition channel 62 is smaller than the diameter of the inflow section 61.

[0076] When the internal and external cooling dual mode is in operation, part of the coolant from the inflow section 61 flows into the transition channel 62, then flows into the storage tank 72 through the transfer channel 133, and then enters the storage tank 72 for buffering. Finally, it is sprayed onto the cutting edge area of ​​the blade 4 (i.e., the location of the receiving tank 1A) through the spray hole 71 to achieve the effect of precise cooling.

[0077] The transition channel 62 has a circular cross-section with a diameter of D7. The intermediate channel 133 is a constant-diameter channel with a cross-sectional diameter of D7. The intermediate channel 133 is connected to the liquid storage tank 72, and the diameter of its opening is D26 (e.g., ...). Figure 23-24 As shown), where D26=D7, the liquid storage tank 72 is a cubic structure with a length of L15, a width of W10, and a height of H2, where L15≥4W10 and H2≥W10. The function of the liquid storage tank 72 is to provide a buffer space for the coolant flowing in from the inflow section 61, so that some of the air bubbles in the flowing coolant can be broken, thereby making the coolant flowing through the external cooling path more stable, reducing the disturbance and pressure instability caused by the breaking of air bubbles when scouring the cutting edge area of ​​the cutting tool 4, and effectively improving the surface quality of the cut workpiece.

[0078] This can effectively improve the surface quality of the workpiece. The spray hole 71 is a direct current channel with a cross-sectional diameter of D27, where D27 satisfies D27<D26=D7.

[0079] Please refer to Figures 3 to 5 The fluid switching component 13 is mounted on the tool holder body 1 with its axis parallel to the axis of the blade 4, and the fluid switching component 13 is driven by the mounting component 7 to rotate relative to the tool holder body 1.

[0080] The liquid circuit switching component 13 has a transfer channel 133 for connecting the external cooling circuit and the internal cooling circuit 6;

[0081] The assembly 7 drives the liquid path switching component 13 to rotate, and the two openings of the transfer channel 133 are connected to or misaligned with the external cooling channel and the internal cooling channel 6 respectively, so that the spray hole 71 is connected to the receiving tank 1A in the connected state or only the internal cooling channel 6 is connected in the misaligned state.

[0082] In this embodiment, as Figure 10 , Figure 11As shown, the fluid switching component 13 is arranged in a stepped column configuration, comprising an interface column 131, a positioning column 132, a straight column 134, a conical sealing limiting part 135, and a shaft bottom 136 connected in sequence; the inlet of the transfer channel 133 is located at the conical sealing limiting part 135, and the outlet is located at the interface column 131; the positioning column 132 has at least one anti-rotation surface that cooperates with the anti-rotation surface of the assembly 7; the tool holder body 1 has a transition conical hole 69, which cooperates with the inclined surface of the conical sealing limiting part 135; wherein, the fluid switching component 13 is encapsulated in the transition conical hole 69 by a sealing block 16.

[0083] The transition tapered hole 69 is configured such that: (h23-h22)tan(β / 2)=(D21-D22) / 2;

[0084] Wherein, the taper angle β of the transition conical hole 69; the major diameter of the transition conical hole 69 is D21, the minor diameter is D22; the distance between the major diameter position of the transition conical hole 69 and the bottom surface of the tool holder body 1 is h22, and the distance between the minor diameter position of the transition conical hole 69 and the bottom surface of the tool holder body 1 is h23.

[0085] like Figures 10 to 15 As shown, the fluid circuit switching component 13 in this embodiment is mainly a stepped column structure, consisting of an interface column 131, a positioning column 132, a straight column 134, a conical sealing limiting part 135, and a shaft bottom 136 from top to bottom.

[0086] The interface post 131 is a cylindrical structure with an outer diameter of D3. The interface post 131 has an outlet of a transfer channel 133. The height of the end face of the interface post 131 from the bottom of the liquid circuit switching component 13 is h7. The interface post 131 is mainly used to cooperate with the interface tank 716 and to ensure that the outlet of the transfer channel 133 on the interface post 131 is connected to the liquid storage tank 72 in the external cooling mode.

[0087] The interface post 131 is directly connected to the positioning post 132. The positioning post 132 has a cross-sectional shape of a regular quadrilateral with rounded corners, with a corner radius of R6, and a length and width of W3. The height of the end face of the positioning post 132 from the bottom of the fluid switching component 13 is h6. The positioning post 132 is mainly used to cooperate with the positioning groove 77 on the assembly 7 to achieve the anti-rotation function, that is, to achieve synchronous rotation of the positioning post 132 when the assembly 7 rotates. The two sides of the positioning post 132 are designed with two circular groove structures, namely fastening groove 132-1 and... The center position of the second fastening groove 132-2, the height of the center position of the first fastening groove 132-1 and the second fastening groove 132-2 from the bottom of the hydraulic circuit switching component 13 is h5. The diameter of the first fastening groove 132-1 and the second fastening groove 132-2 is D6 and the depth of the groove is d1. The first fastening groove 132-1 and the second fastening groove 132-2 are mainly used to cooperate with the top locking screw 19. By limiting the top locking screw 19, the stability and reliability of the cooperation between the hydraulic circuit switching component 13 and the assembly 7 are ensured.

[0088] The bottom of the positioning column 132 is connected to the straight column 134. The straight column 134 is a cylindrical structure with an outer diameter of D5. The height of the end face of the straight column 134 from the bottom of the liquid circuit switching component 13 is h4. The straight column 134 is mainly used to cooperate with the O-ring seal 21 and the sealing groove 68 to achieve the sealing effect of the switching device, ensuring that the coolant does not flow from the gap between the liquid circuit switching component 13 and the transition cone hole 69 to the outside of the tool holder body 1. The bottom of the straight column 134 is directly connected to the conical sealing limit part 135. The conical sealing limit part 135 is a conical cylindrical structure with a taper of β. The height of its top end face from the bottom of the liquid circuit switching component 13 is h3. A flow channel inlet is designed on the side of the conical sealing limit part 135. This inlet is the inlet of the transfer flow channel 133, and its center position is at a height of h8 from the bottom of the liquid circuit switching component 13. Figure 10 It can be seen that the transfer channel 133 runs through the interior of the liquid circuit switching component 13, and its channel cross-sectional diameter is D7.

[0089] When the conical structure of the conical sealing limit part 135 is matched with the transition conical hole 69, it can play a good role in limiting and sealing. Combined with the transfer flow channel 133 that runs through the inside of the liquid circuit switching part 13, the liquid circuit switching part 13 can finally realize the function of switching the internal and external cooling flow channels.

[0090] Below the conical sealing limiting part 135 is the shaft bottom 136; the shaft bottom 136 is a cylindrical structure with an outer diameter of D4 and a height of h2;

[0091] A guide structure 2 is also provided between the bottom 136 of the shaft and the sealing block 16. The guide structure 2 includes a ball 22, a locking shim 23 and a guide groove 137 formed in the bottom 136 of the shaft. The locking shim 23 has holes 230 for the ball 22 to be assembled. The ball 22 acts on the guide groove 137 and the sealing block 16 respectively. In this embodiment, a ball base 15 is provided between the sealing block 16 and the locking shim 23. The ball 22 and the ball base 15 contact and cooperate with each other. The locking shim 23 is used to evenly limit the movement of the ball 22. In this way, when the liquid circuit switching component 13 rotates, the resistance to its rotation can be greatly reduced, making the cooling mode switching process smoother.

[0092] Furthermore, an annular groove 161 for mounting a sealing ring 17 is provided on the side of the sealing block 16 opposite to the ball bearing base 15, so as to achieve a seal between the sealing block 16 and the fluid switching component 13.

[0093] The bottom of the shaft 136 has an annular groove structure, which is the guide rail groove 137 of the guide rotation structure 2. The radius of curvature of the cross section of the guide rail groove 137 is R5, and the depth of the groove is d5. The guide rail groove 137 is mainly used to cooperate with the ball bearing 22 and the locking shim 23. Through their mutual cooperation, the resistance of the rotation of the fluid circuit switching component 13 is reduced, making the switching process of the cooling mode smoother. In addition, in this embodiment, the above-mentioned dimensions D3, D4, D5, D7, R5, R6, W3, d1, d5, and β respectively satisfy: 0 < D24 - D3 ≤ 0.02 mm, 0 < D21 - D4 ≤ 0.02 mm, 0 < D22 - D5 ≤ 0.02 mm, D7 = D26 > D27, R5 ≥ 0.5D17, R6 ≥ R7, W3 ≤ W9, d1 ≥ 0.5 mm, 3d5 ≤ 2R5, and β ≥ 25°.

[0094] After the above-mentioned liquid circuit switching component 13 is manufactured, a through hole 1C is opened for the liquid circuit switching component 13. The through hole 1C includes a transition cone hole 69. After the liquid circuit switching component 13 is installed in the through hole 1C, it is sealed by the sealing block 16.

[0095] like Figure 16 As shown, the sealing block 16 in this embodiment is a disc structure. Four stepped holes 162 and the annular groove 161 are evenly distributed on the end face of the disc. After the sealing ring 17 is installed in the annular groove 161, the sealing block 16 is sealed and installed at the bottom of the tool holder body 1 by passing through the stepped holes 162 with a corresponding number of screws.

[0096] Assemble the assembly 7;

[0097] like Figures 17 to 22As shown, the assembly 7 can also be manufactured using metal 3D printing technology. It is a cuboid structure with a length of L7, a width of W2, and a height of h1. The center of the assembly 7 is a through structure consisting of a threaded hole 74 and a screw slot 717. Near this through structure is a combined groove structure consisting of an interface groove 716, a sealing groove 75, and a positioning groove 77. The distance between the central axis of the combined groove structure and the central axis of the screw slot 717 is W11. The interface groove 716 is a circular groove with a cross-sectional diameter of D24. The relative height between its bottom and the bottom of the assembly 7 is h30. The interface groove 716 is mainly used to cooperate with the interface post 131 on the fluid switching component 13.

[0098] The positioning groove 77 has a square cross-section with rounded corners, with a corner radius of R7 and length and width of W9. Its main function is to cooperate with the positioning post 132 to achieve mutual positioning between the fluid switching component 13 and the assembly 7, while also transmitting the torque of the assembly 7 to the fluid switching component 13. Two threaded holes 76 and 79 are formed on the side wall of the positioning groove 77. The cooperation of these two threaded holes 76 and 79 with the top locking screw 19 ensures a more secure and reliable fit between the fluid switching component 13 and the assembly 7. The sealing groove 75 has an outer diameter of D25 at its bottom, a height of h28, and a relative height of h29 from the bottom of the assembly 7. The sealing groove 75 is mainly used to cooperate with the O-ring seal 21 to seal the fit between the fluid switching component 13 and the assembly 7, preventing coolant from flowing out through the gap between them. Furthermore, the dimensions D24, D25, W9, h28, h29, and h30 satisfy the following relationship: D25 > W9 > D24 and h30 > h29 > h28.

[0099] In addition, the assembly 7 has internally formed threaded holes 74 for threaded engagement with the drive component 10, and arc-shaped grooves 713 for assembly of each limiting component 12, as well as a swing space; in this embodiment, three limiting components 12 are used as an example (e.g., Figure 25 As shown), from the top view of the assembly 7, the limiting members 12A, 12B, and 12C are arranged at an angle. Two of the limiting members 12A and 12B extend towards the corner of the assembly 7, and the two 12A and 12B are set at an acute angle. The axis of the other limiting member 12C is parallel to the edge of the assembly 7 along its length, and the angle between this limiting member 12C and the other two limiting members 12A and 12B is an obtuse angle.

[0100] like Figure 21As shown, the main body of the driving member 10 in this embodiment is a cylindrical structure with a limiting groove 102 on its outer periphery. The limiting groove 102 is used to insert one end of the three limiting members 12A, 12B and 12C. Thus, when the driving member 10 moves along its own axial direction, the two groove surfaces of the limiting groove 102 can drive the limiting member 12 to swing like a lever.

[0101] Each limiting member 12A, 12B, and 12C is placed within the swing space, and the curved surface 122 in the middle of the limiting members 12A, 12B, and 12C falls into the arc groove 713. Thus, the arc groove 713 and the curved surface 122 cooperate to serve as the fulcrum for swinging. The other ends of the three limiting members 12A, 12B, and 12C extend toward the surface of the tool holder body 1, and with the action of the driving member 10, they abut against or detach from the surface of the tool holder body 1, thereby achieving the limiting after rotation switching.

[0102] In actual use,

[0103] (1) The internal cooling circuit 6 working mode or the internal and external cooling circuit dual working mode can be realized by rotating the assembly 7;

[0104] (2) When the internal cooling circuit 6 needs to be rotated to work mode, first rotate the drive component 10 with the through hole screwdriver and screw it downward (i.e. towards) the drive component 10. At this time, the upper groove surface of the upper limit groove 102 of the drive component 10 acts on the limit component 12, and uses the curved surface 122 on the limit component 12 as the fulcrum, so that the other end of the limit component 12 is lifted upward and disengaged from the top abutment with the surface of the tool holder body 1, thus unlocking the assembly 7.

[0105] (3) Rotate the assembly 7. At the same time, the liquid circuit switching component 13 that is positioned and matched with it also rotates (i.e., the positioning groove 77 and the positioning post 132 are matched). The transfer channel 133 on the liquid circuit switching component 13 rotates to a state of misalignment with the transition channel 62. The coolant cannot enter the transfer channel 133, that is, the external cooling circuit is closed, and the coolant only flows in the internal cooling circuit 6. In the specific process, the coolant flows in through the inlet 610, and after passing through the inlet section 61, it enters the transition channel 62 and the bottom internal cooling channel. Section 63, middle inner cooling channel section 64, and top inner cooling channel section 65; the heat transferred by the blade 4 is carried away by the flow through the bottom inner cooling channel section 63, middle inner cooling channel section 64, and top inner cooling channel section 65, and finally flows out from the outlet 660 of the outflow section 66, thus forming a cycle. This not only allows the coolant to be recycled, but also prevents the coolant from affecting the surface quality of the workpiece. During this process, the coolant flowing into the transition channel 62 cannot be sprayed out from the spray hole 71 because the transfer channel 133 is closed.

[0106] (4) When it is necessary to switch to the dual working mode of internal and external cooling circuits, the same method is used to unlock the drive component 10 and rotate it so that the spray hole 71 of the shown assembly 7 is aligned with the blade 4. At the same time, the transfer channel 133 and the transition channel 62 are aligned. Rotate the drive component 10 again so that when it moves upward, it drives the limiting component 12 to abut against the surface of the blade body 1. This ensures that it is not easy to shake during the spraying process and has better stability.

[0107] During the flow process, the coolant not only flows through the inner cooling path 6, but also enters the transfer path 133 in the liquid path switching component 13 from the transition flow path 62, and then enters the liquid storage tank 72 for buffering, and finally sprays it from the spray hole 71 to the cutting area, thus achieving the cooling function.

[0108] This invention provides a tool holder with a simple structure, easy manufacturing, and low cost. It solves the problem that existing tools can only be cooled by external coolant and cannot adapt to different working conditions by using internal cooling or a combination of internal and external cooling. The tool holder of this invention first overcomes the bottleneck of the difficulty in creating an internal cooling path, achieving a circular internal cooling path. Furthermore, through the assembly and fluid path switching components, it achieves independent cooling of the internal cooling water path and can switch to a dual-mode cooling system with simultaneous internal and external cooling. For precision parts machining (such as aerospace, military, and automotive parts) where contact with coolant is not possible, the internal cooling mode of this invention removes heat from the cutting tool through rapid heat exchange (i.e., indirect cooling). The heat dissipation efficiency of the cutting tool is more than doubled compared to natural heat dissipation without cooling, significantly improving the heat dissipation effect and effectively... This significantly reduces the wear and tear on the cutting tools, extending their lifespan and eliminating the need for frequent replacements, thus drastically lowering tool costs. Furthermore, with simultaneous cooling from both internal and external cooling channels, the cooling method is no longer the traditional pouring method; instead, precise spray cooling is implemented, preventing coolant waste and significantly improving the machining environment and safety (the coolant atomizes at high speed, further enhancing cooling efficiency by up to 70%). The cutting heat generated during cutting is dissipated more efficiently, with overall heat dissipation efficiency improved by over 50%. This prevents the cutting edge area from being constantly exposed to high temperatures, effectively mitigating tool wear and reducing replacement frequency. This greatly improves machining efficiency, reduces tool change time and tool wear, ultimately saving over 50% in wear and machining costs.

[0109] The description of the above specification and embodiments is used to explain the scope of protection of the present invention, but does not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tool holder, characterized in that: The tool holder includes: A tool holder body, one free end of which has a receiving groove for mounting the cutting blade; An internal cooling channel, formed inside the tool holder body, is used to guide the coolant to the vicinity of the receiving tank for heat exchange; the internal cooling channel has an inlet and an outlet. An external cooling channel is formed in an assembly, and the assembly is mounted on the same side of the tool holder body as the receiving groove; the external cooling channel has spray holes; A fluid path switching component, its axis parallel to the axis of the blade, is mounted on the tool holder body and engages with the mounting component to prevent rotation. The fluid path switching component has a transfer channel for connecting the external cooling path and the internal cooling path. The mounting component drives the fluid path switching component to rotate, causing the two openings of the transfer channel to be either misaligned with or connected to the external cooling path and the internal cooling path, respectively. In the misaligned state, coolant flows only through the internal cooling path; in the connected state, coolant flows through both the internal and external cooling paths, and the coolant flowing through the external cooling path is sprayed into the receiving tank via the spray nozzle. It also includes a limiting structure for stopping the assembly after rotation; the limiting structure includes a driving member and at least two limiting members, the two limiting members are respectively built into the assembly through curved surface engagement, and one end of the two limiting members acts on the surface of the tool holder body, and the other end respectively engages with the driving member; wherein, the driving member displaces relative to the assembly, and the two limiting members swing around the curved surface as a fulcrum, so that one end of the two limiting members is tightly abutted or disengaged from the surface of the tool holder body.

2. A tool holder as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The internal cooling path includes an inflow section, a bottom internal cooling channel section, a middle internal cooling channel section, a top internal cooling channel section, and an outflow section; the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet are respectively disposed in the inflow section and the outflow section; the diameter of the outflow section is smaller than the diameter of the inflow section, and the diameter of the outflow section is larger than the diameter of the bottom internal cooling channel.

3. A tool holder as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The middle inner cooling channel section and the top inner cooling channel section are arranged in an S-shape around each other, with the middle inner cooling channel section corresponding to the position near the bottom of the receiving tank and the top inner cooling channel section near the side wall of the receiving tank.

4. A tool holder as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The external cooling path also includes a liquid storage tank and a transition channel. The liquid storage tank is used to buffer the flow pressure of the coolant. The transition channel connects the inflow section and the transfer channel. The liquid storage tank connects the transfer channel and the spray hole. The diameter of the transition channel is smaller than the diameter of the inflow section.

5. A tool holder as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The fluid switching component is arranged in a stepped column configuration, comprising an interface column, a positioning column, a straight column, a conical sealing limiting part, and a shaft bottom connected in sequence; the inlet and outlet of the transfer channel are respectively located at the conical sealing limiting part and the interface column; the positioning column has at least one anti-rotation surface that cooperates with the anti-rotation surface of the assembly; the tool holder body has a transition conical hole that cooperates with the inclined surface of the conical sealing limiting part; wherein, the fluid switching component is encapsulated in the transition conical hole by a sealing block.

6. A tool holder as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The transition tapered hole is configured as follows: (h23-h22)*tan(β / 2)=(D21-D22) / 2; Wherein, the taper angle β of the transition conical hole; the major diameter of the transition conical hole is D21, the minor diameter is D22; the distance between the major diameter position of the transition conical hole and the bottom surface of the tool holder body is h22, and the distance between the minor diameter position of the transition conical hole and the bottom surface of the tool holder body is h23.

7. A tool holder as described in claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes a guide structure disposed between the bottom of the shaft and the sealing block; the guide structure includes balls, a locking shim and a guide groove formed on the bottom of the shaft, the locking shim is installed on the lower surface of the bottom of the shaft, and the locking shim has holes for ball assembly; the balls are distributed in the holes, and the balls act on the guide groove and the sealing block respectively.

8. A tool holder as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The driving component is a stud, which is threaded to the assembly, and a limiting groove is formed on the outer periphery of the stud; wherein, there are three limiting components, and one end of each limiting component is placed in the limiting groove; when the stud moves along its axial direction, it synchronously drives each limiting component to swing in a lever-like manner.

9. A tool holder as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The limiting member is divided into a first limiting part and a second limiting part with the curved surface as the fulcrum, and the first limiting part and the second limiting part are set at an included angle. The first limiting part is used to press against the surface of the tool holder body, and the second limiting part is used to cooperate with the stud.

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