A method of oscillating laser-arc hybrid additive manufacturing of an aluminum matrix composite

Abstract

The application discloses a swing laser-arc composite additive manufacturing method of an aluminum matrix composite material and relates to the field of fused filament additive manufacturing.The swing laser-arc composite additive manufacturing method solves the problems of the existing fused filament additive manufacturing method of a ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, such as poor surface forming quality of a structure of the ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, high surface roughness, a large number of pores in an additive part, and excessively high porosity.The swing laser-arc composite additive manufacturing method is realized through the following steps: firstly, cleaning the surface of an additive substrate to remove moisture, an oxide film and oil stains on the surface of the additive substrate; then, fixing the cleaned additive substrate on an additive test platform by using a clamp; then, starting an additive device, and teaching feature points in an additive path to a robot; and finally, setting additive process parameters, connecting a protection gas to a swing laser head, and making the robot move according to the taught route to perform swing laser-arc composite additive manufacturing.The swing laser-arc composite additive manufacturing method is used for manufacturing swing laser-arc composite additive parts of an aluminum matrix composite material.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fused wire additive manufacturing, and more specifically to a method for oscillating laser-arc composite additive manufacturing of aluminum-based composite materials. Background Technology

[0002] Ceramic particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composites possess advantages such as small grain size, uniform microstructure, high specific strength, and good wear resistance, showing promising application prospects in aerospace, rail transportation, and automotive industries. Fused wire additive manufacturing uses filament as the feed material and electric arcs or lasers as heat sources to melt and deposit the filament layer by layer along a planned path, achieving near-net-shape forming of components. Compared with other additive manufacturing technologies, fused wire additive manufacturing offers advantages such as low cost, high material utilization, high deposition efficiency, and suitability for large-scale structure manufacturing, making it suitable for manufacturing aluminum matrix composite structures in industrial fields. Due to the high reflectivity of aluminum alloys to lasers, the current fused wire additive manufacturing method for aluminum matrix composites is mainly electric arc additive manufacturing. Electric arcs have a large heating range but poor stability. The introduction of ceramic particles reduces the conductivity of the molten pool, further reducing the stability of the electric arc. This results in poor surface forming quality and high surface roughness in ceramic particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite structures prepared by electric arc additive manufacturing. Subsequent machining of the additive parts requires the removal of more material, increasing production costs and reducing production efficiency. Meanwhile, the ceramic particles do not melt during the fused wire additive manufacturing process, remaining in a solid state. This increases the viscosity of the molten pool, reduces its fluidity, and hinders the escape of gases from the molten pool, resulting in a large number of pores inside the additive part. Excessive porosity reduces the effective load-bearing area of ​​the additive part, severely impacting its mechanical properties. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to address the problems of poor surface forming quality, high surface roughness, and excessive porosity in existing fused wire additive manufacturing methods for ceramic particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composites. Therefore, this invention provides a method for manufacturing aluminum matrix composites using oscillating laser-arc composite additive manufacturing.

[0004] The technical solution of this invention is:

[0005] A method for manufacturing aluminum-based composite materials using oscillating laser-arc composite additive manufacturing, wherein the composite additive manufacturing method is achieved through the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Clean the additive substrate:

[0007] First, clean the surface of the additive substrate, and then remove moisture, oxide film and oil from the surface of the additive substrate;

[0008] Step 2: Assemble the additive manufacturing fixture and secure the additive substrate:

[0009] First, install the adapter 3 on the execution end of the robot 4. Then, install both the oscillating laser head 1 and the welding gun 2 on the adapter 3. Finally, use the clamp 5 to fix the additive substrate cleaned in step one on the additive test platform 6 to prevent the additive substrate and additive parts from moving during the additive process. Adjust the angle between the oscillating laser head 1 and the surface of the additive substrate, as well as the angle between the welding gun 2 and the surface of the additive substrate.

[0010] Step 3: Determine the additive manufacturing path:

[0011] Turn on the laser, water chiller, CMT welding machine, robot and swing laser control cabinet, and teach the feature points in the additive manufacturing path of robot 4 in step two;

[0012] Step 4: Oscillating laser-arc composite additive manufacturing:

[0013] First, set the additive manufacturing process parameters, adjust the angle between the oscillating laser head 1 and the welding torch 2, and adjust the wire pitch. Then, connect the shielding gas to the oscillating laser head 1, ignite the arc in the welding torch and feed the welding wire. The electric arc and the oscillating laser together form a molten pool. The laser increases the heat input, stabilizes the electric arc, and stirs the molten pool, optimizing the forming of the additive part and promoting the escape of pores. As the robot 4 moves according to the taught route obtained in step three, the molten metal is deposited layer by layer on the additive substrate cleaned in step one. After the deposition of one layer is completed, the robot 4 moves upward according to the lifting amount in the preset program to ensure that the arc length is stable and the defocusing amount remains unchanged, and then begins the deposition of the next layer. This cycle continues until the additive manufacturing process is completed, and finally, an aluminum-based composite oscillating laser-electric arc composite additive part is obtained.

[0014] Furthermore, in step one, an aluminum alloy material with a chemical composition similar to that of the welding wire or an aluminum alloy material with good fluidity is used as the additive substrate, and the thickness of the additive substrate is 8-15 mm.

[0015] Furthermore, in step one, the method of cleaning the additive substrate is to mechanically polish the surface of the additive substrate, and then use acetone to further clean the surface of the additive substrate to be soldered.

[0016] Furthermore, in step four, the oscillating laser is a fiber laser, and the electric arc is a CMT electric arc.

[0017] Furthermore, in step four, the CMT arc is performed using conventional CMT, pulsed CMT, variable polarity CMT, or pulsed variable polarity CMT for additive manufacturing.

[0018] Furthermore, in step four, the oscillating laser can achieve linear, circular, octagonal, and infinity-shaped oscillations, and the oscillation frequency and amplitude can be freely adjusted.

[0019] Furthermore, in step four, particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite welding wire is used as the filler material.

[0020] Furthermore, in step four, the additive manufacturing process parameters are as follows: laser power is 500–2500W, additive current is 60–150A, heat source moving speed is 0.3–1.2m / min, oscillation frequency is 50–350Hz, oscillation amplitude is 0.5–3mm, defocusing amount is 0mm, filament spacing is 0–3mm, welding wire dry extension is 12–15mm, shielding gas flow rate is 15–25L / min, the angle between the oscillating laser head 1 and the surface of the additive substrate is 75°, and the angle between the welding torch 2 and the surface of the additive substrate is 55°–75°.

[0021] Furthermore, in step four, the laser head 1 is oscillating in front of the welding torch 2 along the direction of heat source movement, and the relative position of the oscillating laser head 1 and the welding torch 2 remains unchanged.

[0022] Furthermore, in step four, the lifting amount of the oscillating laser-composite heat source is 0.8 to 2.0 mm.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0024] Compared with conventional electric arc additive manufacturing methods, the aluminum-based composite material oscillating laser-electric arc composite additive manufacturing method of the present invention can effectively solve the problems of poor surface forming quality and large number of pores in particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material fused wire additive manufacturing components.

[0025] The forming of composite additive parts is superior to that of conventional arc additive parts. This is because poorly conductive ceramic particles hinder stable current conduction in the molten pool, leading to reduced arc stability. Oscillating lasers generate high-density conductive channels with charged particles, stabilizing the arc around the laser-acting area and significantly improving arc stability. Simultaneously, the low heat input of CMT arcs results in a low molten pool temperature and a rapid solidification rate of the liquid metal, insufficient time for sufficient spreading and wetting on the surface of the previous deposition layer. The introduction of oscillating lasers increases heat input, forming a composite heat source with higher energy density. Therefore, the molten pool temperature is higher, the liquid metal spreads more widely, and the sidewall fluctuations are reduced. The more stable arc and the more widely spread molten pool result in better surface forming of oscillating laser-arc composite additive parts.

[0026] Ceramic particles exist in solid form within the molten pool, reducing its fluidity and increasing its viscosity. This prevents a large amount of gas from escaping during additive manufacturing, resulting in porosity. Oscillating lasers promote molten pool flow, improving its fluidity and facilitating gas escape. Because the resistivity of ceramic particles is much higher than that of aluminum alloys, the resistive heat generated by particle-reinforced welding wire during CMT arc additive manufacturing is also higher than that of conventional aluminum alloy welding wire. This leads to large droplet transitions in particle-reinforced aluminum alloy welding wires, where the large droplets do not fall into the center of the molten pool but instead rapidly solidify at the low-temperature edge. This hinders the escape of pores within the large droplets, resulting in numerous pores inside the arc-added parts. The plume formed by the oscillating laser, as it erupts outward from the laser's action area, exerts a plume force on the droplets. This plume force, directed obliquely upwards, impedes droplet transition. Therefore, in oscillating laser-arc composite additive manufacturing, large droplet transition is suppressed, and the droplet transition occurs via short-circuit transfer. The oscillating laser promotes molten pool flow and suppresses large droplet transition, resulting in a significant reduction in porosity inside the oscillating laser-arc composite additive part. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the oscillating laser-arc composite additive tooling of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a macroscopic morphology diagram of the aluminum-based composite material oscillating laser-arc composite additive part in Example 1;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a macroscopic morphology diagram of the aluminum-based composite material arc additive manufacturing part in Comparative Experiment 1;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the aluminum-based composite material oscillating laser-arc composite additive part in Example 1;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the aluminum-based composite material arc additive manufacturing part in Comparative Experiment 1;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the aluminum-based composite material oscillating laser-arc composite additive part in Example 1;

[0033] Figure 7 This is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the aluminum-based composite arc additive manufacturing part in Comparative Experiment 1.

[0034] In the diagram: 1-Oscillating laser head; 2-Welding torch; 3-Adapter; 4-Robot; 5-Fixture; 6-Material testing platform. Detailed Implementation

[0035] Specific implementation method one: Combining Figure 1This embodiment describes a method for manufacturing aluminum-based composite materials using a oscillating laser-arc composite additive manufacturing process. The composite additive manufacturing method is achieved through the following steps:

[0036] Step 1: Clean the additive substrate:

[0037] First, clean the surface of the additive substrate, and then remove moisture, oxide film and oil from the surface of the additive substrate;

[0038] Step 2: Assemble the additive manufacturing fixture and secure the additive substrate:

[0039] First, install the adapter 3 on the execution end of the robot 4. Then, install both the oscillating laser head 1 and the welding gun 2 on the adapter 3. Finally, use the clamp 5 to fix the additive substrate cleaned in step one on the additive test platform 6 to prevent the additive substrate and additive parts from moving during the additive process. Adjust the angle between the oscillating laser head 1 and the surface of the additive substrate, as well as the angle between the welding gun 2 and the surface of the additive substrate.

[0040] Step 3: Determine the additive manufacturing path:

[0041] Turn on the laser, water chiller, CMT welding machine, robot and swing laser control cabinet, and teach the feature points in the additive manufacturing path of robot 4 in step two;

[0042] Step 4: Oscillating laser-arc composite additive manufacturing:

[0043] First, set the additive manufacturing process parameters, adjust the angle between the oscillating laser head 1 and the welding torch 2, and adjust the wire pitch. Then, connect the shielding gas to the oscillating laser head 1, ignite the arc in the welding torch and feed the welding wire. The electric arc and the oscillating laser together form a molten pool. The laser increases the heat input, stabilizes the electric arc, and stirs the molten pool, optimizing the forming of the additive part and promoting the escape of pores. As the robot 4 moves according to the taught route obtained in step three, the molten metal is deposited layer by layer on the additive substrate cleaned in step one. After the deposition of one layer is completed, the robot 4 moves upward according to the lifting amount in the preset program to ensure that the arc length is stable and the defocusing amount remains unchanged, and then begins the deposition of the next layer. This cycle continues until the additive manufacturing process is completed, and finally, an aluminum-based composite oscillating laser-electric arc composite additive part is obtained.

[0044] In this embodiment, the oscillating laser head can be an IPG D50 Wobble oscillating laser head; the welding machine can be a Fronius TPS3200 welding machine; and the robot can be a KUKAKR60 robot.

[0045] Specific Implementation Method Two: Combining Figure 1In this embodiment, step one uses an aluminum alloy material with a chemical composition similar to that of the welding wire or an aluminum alloy material with good fluidity as the additive substrate. The thickness of the additive substrate is 8-15 mm. This configuration helps reduce the tendency for cracking at the interface between the additive substrate and the additive part. Other components and connection relationships are the same as in specific embodiment one.

[0046] Specific implementation method three: Combining Figure 1 In this embodiment, step one involves cleaning the additive substrate by mechanically grinding its surface, followed by further cleaning the surface to be soldered with acetone to remove oxide films, moisture, and other impurities, thus preventing defects from forming inside the additive component. Other components and connections are the same as in specific embodiments one or two.

[0047] Specific implementation method four: Combination Figure 1 In this embodiment, step four uses a fiber laser for the oscillating laser and a CMT arc with low heat input. Other components and connections are the same as in embodiments one, two, or three.

[0048] Specific Implementation Method Five: Combining Figure 1 This embodiment describes a CMT welding machine capable of additive manufacturing using conventional CMT, pulsed CMT, variable polarity CMT, or pulsed variable polarity CMT. Other components and connections are the same as in specific embodiments one, two, three, or four.

[0049] Specific Implementation Method Six: Combination Figure 1 This embodiment describes a step four in which the oscillating laser can achieve linear, circular, octagonal, and infinity-shaped oscillations, with the oscillation frequency and amplitude freely adjustable. Other components and connections are the same as in specific embodiments one, two, three, four, or five.

[0050] Specific implementation method seven: Combination Figure 1 This embodiment describes a method where, in step four, particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite welding wire is used as filler material to stably add particles to the molten pool. Other components and connections are the same as in specific embodiments one, two, three, four, five, or six.

[0051] Specific implementation method eight: Combination Figure 1This embodiment describes a step four where the additive manufacturing process parameters are as follows: laser power of 500–2500 W, additive current of 60–150 A, heat source moving speed of 0.3–1.2 m / min, oscillation frequency of 50–350 Hz, oscillation amplitude of 0.5–3 mm, defocusing amount of 0 mm, filament spacing of 0–3 mm, welding wire extension of 12–15 mm, shielding gas flow rate of 15–25 L / min, an angle of 75° between the oscillating laser head 1 and the additive substrate surface, and an angle of 55°–75° between the welding torch 2 and the additive substrate surface. This achieves a stable oscillating laser-arc composite additive manufacturing process for aluminum-based composite materials. Other components and connections are the same as in specific embodiments one, two, three, four, five, six, or seven.

[0052] Specific Implementation Method Nine: Combining Figure 1 In this embodiment, in step four, the oscillating laser head 1 is positioned in front of the welding torch 2 along the direction of heat source movement, and the relative position of the oscillating laser head 1 and the welding torch 2 remains unchanged. Other components and connections are the same as in specific embodiments one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, or eight.

[0053] Specific Implementation Method Ten: Combining Figure 1 In this embodiment, in step four, the lifting amount of the oscillating laser-composite heat source is 0.8–2.0 mm to ensure that the arc length and defocusing amount remain unchanged. Other components and connections are the same as in embodiments one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, or nine.

[0054] Example 1:

[0055] A method for manufacturing aluminum-based composite materials using oscillating laser-arc composite additive manufacturing, wherein the composite additive manufacturing method is achieved through the following steps:

[0056] Step 1: Clean the additive substrate:

[0057] First, clean the surface of the additive substrate, and then remove impurities such as moisture, oxide film and oil from the surface of the additive substrate.

[0058] In step one, 6082 aluminum alloy with good fluidity is used as the additive substrate, and the thickness of the additive substrate is 8mm.

[0059] In step one, the additive substrate is cleaned by mechanically polishing the surface of the additive substrate, followed by further cleaning the surface of the additive substrate to be soldered with acetone.

[0060] Step 2: Assemble the additive manufacturing fixture and secure the additive substrate:

[0061] First, install the adapter 3 on the execution end of the robot 4. Then, install both the oscillating laser head 1 and the welding gun 2 on the adapter 3. Finally, use the clamp 5 to fix the additive substrate cleaned in step one on the additive test platform 6 to prevent the additive substrate and additive parts from moving during the additive process. Adjust the angle between the oscillating laser head 1 and the surface of the additive substrate, as well as the angle between the welding gun 2 and the surface of the additive substrate.

[0062] Step 3: Determine the additive manufacturing path:

[0063] Turn on the additive manufacturing equipment and teach the robot 4 in step two the feature points in the additive manufacturing path.

[0064] Step 4: Oscillating laser-arc composite additive manufacturing:

[0065] First, set the additive manufacturing process parameters. Then, connect the oscillating laser head 1 to the protective gas and use particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite welding wire as the filler material. Finally, move the robot 4 according to the taught route obtained in step three. Use the additive manufacturing fixture in step two to perform oscillating laser-arc composite additive manufacturing on the additive substrate cleaned in step one to form the first layer deposition. After one layer is deposited, the robot 4 drives the oscillating laser head 1 and the welding gun 2 to raise the oscillating laser-composite heat source together to a certain distance to ensure that the laser defocusing amount remains unchanged when the next layer is deposited. This process continues until the additive manufacturing process is completed, and finally, an aluminum-based composite oscillating laser-arc composite additive part is obtained.

[0066] In step four, the oscillating laser is a fiber laser, and the electric arc is a CMT electric arc.

[0067] In step four, the CMT arc is used to perform additive manufacturing in modes such as conventional CMT, pulsed CMT, variable polarity CMT, or pulsed variable polarity CMT.

[0068] In step four, the oscillating laser can achieve linear, circular, octagonal, and ∞-shaped oscillations, and the oscillation frequency and amplitude can be freely adjusted.

[0069] In step four, nano-TiC particle-reinforced 2319 aluminum alloy welding wire is used as filler material, with a TiC particle content of 1%, a TiC particle size of 40-60 nm, and a welding wire diameter of 1.2 mm.

[0070] In step four, the additive manufacturing process parameters are as follows: laser power is 1500W, additive current is 90A, heat source moving speed is 0.6m / min, oscillation mode is circular oscillation, CMT arc is conventional CMT mode, oscillation frequency is 250Hz, oscillation amplitude is 1.5mm, defocusing amount is 0mm, filament spacing is 2mm, welding wire extension is 12mm, shielding gas flow rate is 20L / min, the angle between the oscillating laser head 1 and the surface of the additive substrate is 75°, and the angle between the welding torch 2 and the surface of the additive substrate is 65°.

[0071] In step four, the laser head 1 is oscillating in front of the welding torch 2 along the direction of heat source movement, and the relative position of the oscillating laser head 1 and the welding torch 2 remains unchanged.

[0072] In step four, the lifting amount of the oscillating laser-composite heat source is 0.8 to 2.0 mm.

[0073] In conclusion, Figure 2 This is a macroscopic morphology image of the aluminum-based composite oscillating laser-arc composite additive part in Example 1; (The image is composed of...) Figure 2 It can be seen that the aluminum-based composite material additive parts produced by using oscillating laser-arc composite additive manufacturing have no obvious defects, good macroscopic morphology, and smooth surface. Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the aluminum-based composite oscillating laser-arc composite additive part in Example 1; from Figure 4 As can be seen, the sidewalls of the additive part are flat and without obvious fluctuations. Figure 6 This is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the aluminum-based composite oscillating laser-arc composite additive part in Example 1; [The text abruptly ends here, likely due to an incomplete sentence or missing information.] Figure 6 It can be seen that there are very few pores inside the composite additive parts.

[0074] Comparative Experiment 1:

[0075] The difference between Comparative Experiment 1 and Example 1 is that Comparative Experiment 1 used a conventional electric arc additive manufacturing method to carry out additive manufacturing of nano-TiC particle-reinforced 2319 aluminum alloy, while other conditions were the same as in Example 1. Figure 3 These are macroscopic morphology images of the aluminum-based composite arc additive manufacturing parts from Experiment 1; (The remaining text appears to be a fragment and requires further context for accurate translation.) Figure 3 It can be seen that the fluctuations between the deposited layers of conventional arc additive parts are quite obvious. Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the aluminum-based composite arc additive manufacturing part in Comparative Experiment 1; by Figure 5It is known that the sidewall undulations of arc additive parts are relatively large, which increases the material mass required for subsequent machining and reduces material utilization. The forming of composite additive parts is superior to that of conventional arc additive parts because the poor conductivity of TiC particles is not conducive to the stable conduction of current in the molten pool, resulting in reduced arc stability. The oscillating laser generates a conductive channel with a high density of charged particles, stabilizing the arc around the laser action area and significantly improving arc stability. At the same time, the low heat input of CMT arcs results in a low molten pool temperature and a fast solidification rate of liquid metal, which does not have enough time to fully spread and wet the surface of the previous deposition layer. The introduction of the oscillating laser increases the heat input, forming a composite heat source with higher energy density, thus resulting in a higher molten pool temperature, greater liquid metal spreading, and reduced sidewall undulation. The more stable arc and the larger spreading molten pool result in better surface forming of the oscillating laser-arc composite additive parts.

[0076] Figure 7 This is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the aluminum-based composite arc additive manufacturing part in Experiment 1. Figure 7 Numerous pores can be observed in the molten pool. The TiC particles exist in solid form within the molten pool, reducing its fluidity and increasing its viscosity. This prevents a large amount of gas from escaping during the additive manufacturing process, resulting in pores. The oscillating laser promotes molten pool flow, enhancing its fluidity and facilitating gas escape. Because the resistivity of ceramic particles is much higher than that of aluminum alloys, the resistive heat generated by the particle-reinforced welding wire during CMT arc additive manufacturing is also higher than that of conventional aluminum alloy welding wire. This leads to the formation of large droplet transitions in the particle-reinforced aluminum alloy welding wire. Furthermore, these large droplets do not fall into the center of the molten pool but instead rapidly solidify at the low-temperature edge, hindering the escape of pores within the large droplets. Therefore, the arc-added parts have a high number of pores. The plume formed by the oscillating laser, as it erupts outward from the laser's action area, exerts a plume force on the droplets. This plume force is directed obliquely upwards, hindering droplet transition. Therefore, in oscillating laser-arc composite additive manufacturing, large droplet transition is suppressed, and the droplet transition mode is short-circuit transition. The oscillating laser promotes molten pool flow and suppresses large droplet transition, resulting in a significant reduction in porosity inside the oscillating laser-arc composite additive part.

[0077] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for oscillating laser-arc composite additive manufacturing of aluminum-based composite materials, characterized in that: The composite additive manufacturing method is achieved through the following steps; Step 1: Clean the additive substrate: Using aluminum alloy materials with similar chemical composition to the welding wire or aluminum alloy materials with good fluidity as additive substrates, first clean the surface of the additive substrate, and then remove moisture, oxide film and oil stains from the surface of the additive substrate. Step 2: Assemble the additive manufacturing fixture and secure the additive substrate: First, install the adapter (3) on the execution end of the robot (4), then install the oscillating laser head (1) and the welding gun (2) on the adapter (3), and finally use the clamp (5) to fix the additive substrate cleaned in step one on the additive test platform (6) to prevent the additive substrate and additive parts from moving during the additive process. Adjust the angle between the oscillating laser head (1) and the surface of the additive substrate and the angle between the welding gun (2) and the surface of the additive substrate. Step 3: Determine the additive manufacturing path: Turn on the laser, water chiller, CMT welding machine, robot and swing laser control cabinet, and teach the robot (4) in step two the feature points in the additive path; Step 4: Oscillating laser-arc composite additive manufacturing: First, set the additive manufacturing process parameters as follows: laser power is 500~2500W, additive current is 60~150A, heat source moving speed is 0.3~1.2m / min, oscillation frequency is 50~350Hz, oscillation amplitude is 0.5~3mm, defocusing amount is 0mm, filament spacing is 0~3mm, welding wire dry extension is 12~15mm, shielding gas flow rate is 15~25L / min, the angle between the oscillating laser head (1) and the surface of the additive substrate is 75°, and the angle between the welding gun (2) and the surface of the additive substrate is 55°~75°; the oscillating laser head (1) is in front of the welding gun (2) along the heat source moving direction, and the relative position of the oscillating laser head (1) and the welding gun (2) remains unchanged; the lifting amount of the oscillating laser-composite heat source is 0.8~2.0mm; Adjust the angle between the oscillating laser head (1) and the welding torch (2), adjust the wire spacing, then connect the shielding gas to the oscillating laser head (1), start the arc of the welding torch and feed the welding wire. Use particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite welding wire as filler material. The electric arc and the oscillating laser together form a molten pool. The laser increases the heat input, stabilizes the electric arc and stirs the molten pool, optimizes the forming of the additive part, and promotes the escape of pores. The feather formed by the oscillating laser applies a feather force to the molten droplet during the process of spraying outward from the laser action area. The direction of the feather force is obliquely upward, which hinders the transition of the molten droplet. When the oscillating laser-electric arc composite additive is used, the large droplet transition is suppressed. The molten droplet transition mode is short-circuit transition. The oscillating laser promotes the suppression of the large droplet transition, which greatly reduces the pores inside the oscillating laser-electric arc composite additive part. As the robot (4) moves along the route taught in step three, the molten metal is deposited layer by layer on the additive substrate cleaned in step one. After one layer is deposited, the robot (4) moves upward according to the lifting amount in the preset program to ensure that the arc length is stable and the defocusing amount remains unchanged, and then the next layer is deposited. This cycle continues until the additive process ends, and finally an aluminum-based composite oscillating laser-arc composite additive part is obtained.

2. The method for oscillating laser-arc composite additive manufacturing of aluminum-based composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step one, the thickness of the additive substrate is 8-15 mm.

3. The method for oscillating laser-arc composite additive manufacturing of aluminum-based composite materials according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: In step one, the additive substrate is cleaned by mechanically polishing the surface of the additive substrate, followed by further cleaning the surface of the additive substrate to be soldered with acetone.

4. The method for oscillating laser-arc composite additive manufacturing of aluminum-based composite materials according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step four, the oscillating laser is a fiber laser, and the electric arc is a CMT electric arc.

5. The method for oscillating laser-arc composite additive manufacturing of aluminum-based composite materials according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step four, the CMT arc is used for additive manufacturing using conventional CMT, pulsed CMT, variable polarity CMT, or pulsed variable polarity CMT.

6. The method for oscillating laser-arc composite additive manufacturing of aluminum-based composite materials according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step four, the oscillating laser can achieve linear, circular, octagonal, and ∞-shaped oscillations, and the oscillation frequency and amplitude can be freely adjusted.

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