A wastewater and exhaust gas treatment apparatus and a wastewater and exhaust gas treatment method

Abstract

The application provides a wastewater and waste gas treatment device and method, which comprises a pool body and a gas-liquid mixed water distribution system; a flow guide area, an upflow area, a downflow area and an autotrophic bacteria treatment area are arranged in the pool body; the upflow area and the downflow area are arranged side by side between the flow guide area and the autotrophic bacteria treatment area, and each of the upflow area and the downflow area comprises a sulfate-reducing bacteria treatment section close to the flow guide area and a heterotrophic bacteria treatment section close to the autotrophic bacteria treatment area; an overflow area is arranged above the autotrophic bacteria treatment area; the gas-liquid mixed water distribution system comprises a first gas-liquid mixed passage connected with a water inlet pipe led out from the flow guide area and a water distribution pipe led out from the upflow / downflow area, and a second gas-liquid mixed passage connected with a circulating pipe led out from the overflow area and the water distribution pipe led out from the upflow / downflow area. The application can realize simultaneous nitrification and denitrification and strengthen the denitrification effect, and reduce the discharge amount of sulfate in sulfur autotrophic denitrification through autotrophic bacteria, heterotrophic bacteria and sulfate reduction, so that the efficiency is high and the energy consumption is small.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wastewater and waste gas treatment technology, and in particular to a wastewater and waste gas treatment device and a wastewater and waste gas treatment method. Background Technology

[0002] In some industrial production processes, not only ammonia-nitrogen-containing wastewater but also ammonia-containing waste gas is generated. For example, the production of ammonium paratungstate in tungsten smelting not only produces ammonia-containing waste gas, but the effluent from product washing and crystallization also contains high concentrations of ammonia nitrogen. Because the organic matter content in the wastewater is low, biological treatment requires the addition of organic matter, resulting in high treatment costs. Ammonia-containing waste gas is treated using physical or chemical methods such as absorption, catalytic conversion, and biodegradation.

[0003] In the treatment of ammonia-containing waste gas, absorption is relatively inexpensive, and if the solvent is water, it can be directly sent to existing wastewater treatment facilities. Catalytic conversion typically uses a catalyst at high temperatures to catalytically convert ammonia nitrogen into non-toxic nitrogen. It is highly efficient but also energy-intensive. Biological treatment has advantages such as low energy consumption, cleanliness, environmental friendliness, and low operating costs, but its large footprint and low processing capacity limit its large-scale application. Currently, there is a lack of wastewater and waste gas treatment equipment that can balance efficiency and energy consumption.

[0004] Therefore, existing technologies still need to be improved and developed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a wastewater and waste gas treatment device and a wastewater and waste gas treatment method, aiming to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background section of the prior art for existing wastewater and waste gas treatment devices.

[0006] The contents of this invention are as follows:

[0007] The first aspect of the present invention provides a wastewater and waste gas treatment device, including a tank and a gas-liquid mixing and water distribution system; the tank is internally provided with a flow guiding zone, an upward flow zone, a downward flow zone, and an autotrophic bacteria treatment zone; the flow guiding zone and the autotrophic bacteria treatment zone are respectively located at the bottom and top of the tank; the upward flow zone and the downward flow zone are arranged side by side between the flow guiding zone and the autotrophic bacteria treatment zone; both the upward flow zone and the downward flow zone include a sulfate-reducing bacteria treatment section near the flow guiding zone and a heterotrophic bacteria treatment section near the autotrophic bacteria treatment zone;

[0008] An annular liquid flow channel is formed between the guiding zone, the rising flow zone, the falling flow zone and the autotrophic bacteria treatment zone, and the liquid flow direction of the annular liquid flow channel is the guiding zone - the rising flow zone - the autotrophic bacteria treatment zone - the falling flow zone - the guiding zone;

[0009] An overflow area is provided at the top of the pool above the autotrophic bacteria treatment area; an inlet pipe is led out from the flow guide area; a distribution pipe is led out from the heterotrophic bacteria treatment section in both the rising flow area and the falling flow area; a circulation pipe is led out from the overflow area; the gas-liquid mixing water distribution system includes a first gas-liquid mixing passage connecting the inlet pipe and the distribution pipe and a second gas-liquid mixing passage connecting the circulation pipe and the distribution pipe.

[0010] In an optional embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the flow guiding zone is separated from the rising flow zone and the falling flow zone by a first transverse perforated partition; the rising flow zone and the falling flow zone are separated by a vertical partition; the autotrophic bacteria treatment zone is separated from the rising flow zone and the falling flow zone by a second transverse perforated partition; and the overflow zone is separated from the autotrophic bacteria treatment zone by a third transverse perforated partition.

[0011] In an optional embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the gas-liquid mixing water distribution system includes an inlet pump, a circulation pump, and a gas-liquid mixing device; the outlet of the inlet pump is connected to the inlet pipe, and the inlet of the inlet pump is connected to a wastewater source.

[0012] The inlet of the circulating pump is connected to the circulating pipe; the gas source port of the gas-liquid mixing device is connected to the waste gas source, and the first liquid source port and the second liquid source port of the gas-liquid mixing device are respectively connected to the outlet of the circulating pump and the inlet pipe through the first pipe and the second pipe.

[0013] The water inlet pump, the water inlet pipe, the second pipe, the gas-liquid mixing device, and the water distribution pipe constitute the first gas-liquid mixing passage; the circulation pipe, the circulation pump, the first pipe, the gas-liquid mixing device, and the water distribution pipe constitute the second gas-liquid mixing passage.

[0014] In an optional embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the water distribution pipe includes a main pipe that runs through the inside and outside of the pool body. The main pipe has a first branch pipe and a second branch pipe at the inner end of the pool body. The first branch pipe is connected to the heterotrophic bacteria treatment section in the descending flow zone, and the second branch pipe is connected to the heterotrophic bacteria treatment section in the ascending flow zone. Both the first branch pipe and the second branch pipe are equipped with solenoid valves.

[0015] In an optional embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, a fifth transverse perforated partition is provided between the heterotrophic bacteria treatment section and the sulfate-reducing bacteria treatment section in the rising flow zone; and a sixth transverse perforated partition is provided between the heterotrophic bacteria treatment section and the sulfate-reducing bacteria treatment section in the falling flow zone.

[0016] In an optional embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, a cover is provided on the top of the pool body, an overflow trough is provided between the overflow area and the cover, and at least one drain pipe is provided at the bottom of the overflow trough.

[0017] In an optional embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the sulfate-reducing bacteria treatment section is filled with a first filter material with sulfate-reducing bacteria attached, the first filter material including ceramsite, quartz and maifanite, and the particle size of the first filter material is 4-8 mm.

[0018] The heterotrophic bacteria treatment section is filled with a second filter material on which heterotrophic bacteria are attached. The second filter material includes ceramsite, quartz, and maifanite, and the particle size of the second filter material is 4-8 mm.

[0019] In an optional embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the autotrophic bacteria treatment zone is filled with a third filter material on which autotrophic bacteria are attached, the third filter material comprising granular sulfur, sponge iron and pyrite, and the particle size of the third filter material is 4-8 mm.

[0020] In an optional embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the autotrophic bacteria include sulfur-autotrophic denitrifying bacteria and iron-autotrophic denitrifying bacteria.

[0021] A second aspect of the present invention provides a wastewater and waste gas treatment method based on the wastewater and waste gas treatment equipment described in any one of the preceding claims, comprising:

[0022] Wastewater to be treated is introduced through the first gas-liquid mixing passage, and waste gas to be treated is introduced through the second gas-liquid mixing passage.

[0023] Under the action of the first gas-liquid mixing passage and the second gas-liquid mixing passage, a portion of the wastewater to be treated is driven to mix with the external circulating water from the source circulation pipe and the waste gas to be treated, and then pumped into the heterotrophic bacteria treatment section of the rising flow zone; another portion of the wastewater to be treated is driven into the guide zone to mix with the internal circulating wastewater and then enter the sulfate treatment section of the rising flow zone.

[0024] After the wastewater from the diversion zone enters the sulfate-reducing bacteria treatment section of the upflow zone, the sulfate-reducing bacteria utilize organic matter, ammonia nitrogen, and sulfate produced by the autotrophic bacteria treatment zone during the circulation process to carry out sulfate reduction biochemical reactions under anaerobic conditions.

[0025] After the wastewater and the gas-water mixture to be treated from the sulfate-reducing bacteria treatment section of the upflow zone enter the heterotrophic bacteria treatment section of the upflow zone, under aerobic conditions, ammonia nitrogen is converted into nitrate nitrogen through microbial nitrification, while organic matter is degraded into inorganic matter.

[0026] After the wastewater from the heterotrophic bacteria treatment section in the upflow zone enters the autotrophic bacteria treatment zone, the nitrate nitrogen is converted into nitrogen gas and removed under anaerobic conditions by the use of filter media and inorganic carbon under the action of autotrophic bacteria.

[0027] Part of the wastewater from the autotrophic bacteria treatment zone is discharged into the overflow zone, while the other part enters the heterotrophic bacteria treatment section of the downflow zone. Under anaerobic conditions, organic matter is used to convert nitrate nitrogen into nitrogen gas for removal.

[0028] Wastewater from the heterotrophic bacteria treatment section of the downflow zone enters the sulfate-reducing bacteria treatment section of the downflow zone, where sulfate-reducing bacteria utilize organic matter, ammonia nitrogen, and sulfate produced in the autotrophic bacteria treatment section during the circulation process to carry out sulfate reduction biochemical reactions under anaerobic conditions.

[0029] Wastewater from the sulfate-reducing bacteria treatment section in the descending flow zone is then returned to the guiding flow zone, forming a wastewater treatment cycle.

[0030] Beneficial Effects: This invention provides a wastewater and waste gas treatment device and method. The device includes a tank and a gas-liquid mixing and distribution system. The tank is equipped with a guiding zone, an upward flow zone, a downward flow zone, and an autotrophic bacteria treatment zone. The upward flow zone and the downward flow zone are arranged side by side between the guiding zone and the autotrophic bacteria treatment zone. Both the upward flow zone and the downward flow zone include a sulfate-reducing bacteria treatment section near the guiding zone and a heterotrophic bacteria treatment section near the autotrophic bacteria treatment zone. An overflow zone is provided above the autotrophic bacteria treatment zone. The gas-liquid mixing and distribution system includes a first gas-liquid mixing passage connecting the inlet pipe leading out of the guiding zone and the distribution pipe leading out of the upward / downward flow zone, and a second gas-liquid mixing passage connecting the circulation pipe leading out of the overflow zone and the distribution pipe leading out of the upward / downward flow zone. This invention can simultaneously perform nitrification and denitrification and enhance denitrification. Through autotrophic, heterotrophic, and sulfate reduction, it reduces the sulfate emissions in sulfur autotrophic denitrification, achieving high efficiency and low energy consumption. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a wastewater and waste gas treatment device according to the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a simplified flowchart of a wastewater and waste gas treatment method according to the present invention.

[0033] The attached figures are labeled as follows:

[0034] 10-Pool body; 20-Guiding zone; 30-Upward flow zone; 40-Downward flow zone; 50-Autotrophic bacteria treatment zone; 270-Sulfate-reducing bacteria treatment section; 280-Heterotrophic bacteria treatment section; 60-Overflow zone; 70-Inlet pipe; 80-Distribution pipe; 90-Circulation pipe; 100-First transverse perforated baffle; 110-Vertical baffle; 120-Second transverse perforated baffle; 130-Third transverse perforated baffle; 140-Inlet pump; 150-Circulation pump; 160-Gas-liquid mixing device; 170-First pipe; 180-Second pipe; 190-First branch pipe; 200-Second branch pipe; 210-Solenoid valve; 220-Fourth transverse perforated baffle; 230-Fifth transverse perforated baffle; 240-Cover; 250-Overflow trough; 260-Drainage pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and effects of this invention clearer and more explicit, the invention is further described in detail below. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0036] See Figure 1 The first aspect of the present invention provides a wastewater and waste gas treatment device, including a tank body 10 (including but not limited to a barrel body) and a gas-liquid mixing and water distribution system; the tank body 10 is provided with a flow guiding zone 20, an upward flow zone 30, a downward flow zone 40 and an autotrophic bacteria treatment zone 50, the flow guiding zone 20 and the autotrophic bacteria treatment zone 50 are respectively located at the bottom and top of the tank body 10; the upward flow zone 30 and the downward flow zone 40 are arranged side by side between the flow guiding zone 20 and the autotrophic bacteria treatment zone 50; the upward flow zone 30 and the downward flow zone 40 each include a sulfate-reducing bacteria treatment section 270 located near the flow guiding zone 20 and a heterotrophic bacteria treatment section 280 located near the autotrophic bacteria treatment zone 50.

[0037] In a first aspect of the present invention, the sulfate-reducing bacteria treatment section 270 of both the rising flow zone 30 and the falling flow zone 40 is filled with a first filter material with sulfate-reducing bacteria attached. The first filter material includes ceramsite, quartz, and maifanite. For example, ceramsite is used. The particle size of the first filter material is 4-8 mm, for example, 5 mm.

[0038] Both the upward flow zone 30 and the downward flow zone 40 are filled with a second filter material containing heterotrophic bacteria in the heterotrophic bacteria treatment section 280. The second filter material includes ceramsite, quartz, and maifanite. For example, quartz is used. The particle size of the second filter material is 4-8 mm, for example, 6 mm.

[0039] The autotrophic bacteria treatment zone 50 is filled with a third filter media containing autotrophic bacteria. The autotrophic bacteria treatment zone can utilize SO and S...2- Fe, Fe 2+ H2 reduces nitrate nitrogen to nitrogen gas, thereby removing nitrogen from the water. The autotrophic bacteria include sulfur autotrophic denitrifying bacteria and iron autotrophic denitrifying bacteria, for example, sulfur autotrophic denitrifying bacteria. The third filter media includes granular sulfur, sponge iron, and pyrite, for example, granular sulfur. The particle size of the third filter media is 4-8 mm, for example, 7 mm.

[0040] See Figure 1 An annular liquid flow channel is formed between the guide zone 20, the rising flow zone 30, the falling flow zone 40 and the autotrophic bacteria treatment zone 50. The liquid flow direction of the annular liquid flow channel is: guide zone 20 - rising flow zone 30 - autotrophic bacteria treatment zone 50 - falling flow zone 40 - guide zone 20. An overflow zone 60 is provided on the top of the pool body 10 above the autotrophic bacteria treatment zone 50.

[0041] Specifically, see Figure 1 The flow guiding zone 20 is separated from the rising flow zone 30 and the falling flow zone 40 by a first transverse perforated partition 100. The water flow direction of the flow guiding zone 20 is from the falling flow zone 40 side to the rising flow zone 30 side. The rising flow zone 30 and the falling flow zone 40 are separated by a vertical partition 110. The autotrophic bacteria treatment zone 50 is separated from the rising flow zone 30 and the falling flow zone 40 by a second transverse perforated partition 120. The water flow direction of the autotrophic bacteria treatment zone 50 is from the rising flow zone 30 side to the falling flow zone 40 side. The overflow zone 60 is separated from the autotrophic bacteria treatment zone 50 by a third transverse perforated partition 130. The overflow zone 60 is connected to the autotrophic bacteria treatment zone 50 and stores the supernatant of the autotrophic bacteria treatment zone 50.

[0042] See Figure 1The flow guiding zone 20 is provided with an inlet pipe 70; both the upward flow zone 30 and the downward flow zone 40 have distribution pipes 80 extending from their respective heterotrophic bacteria treatment sections 280; each distribution pipe 80 includes a main pipe that runs through the inside and outside of the pool body 10, and the main pipe branches into a first branch pipe 190 and a second branch pipe 200 at its internal end within the pool body 10. The first branch pipe 190 connects to the heterotrophic bacteria treatment section 280 of the downward flow zone 40, and the second branch pipe 200 connects to the heterotrophic bacteria treatment section 280 of the upward flow zone 30. Both the first branch pipe 190 and the second branch pipe 200 are equipped with solenoid valves 210; the overflow zone 60 has a circulation pipe 90 extending from its end. In this invention, the first branch pipe 190 and the second branch pipe 200 can be understood as backups for each other. When working, only one of the first branch pipe 190 and the second branch pipe 200 is selected to transport the gas-liquid mixture. Under normal circumstances, the second branch pipe 200 is selected to transport the gas-liquid mixture. If the first branch pipe 190 is selected to transport the gas-liquid mixture, then the functions of the rising flow zone 30 and the falling flow zone 40 will be interchanged, that is, the water flow in the falling flow zone 40 will be reversed to rise, and the water flow in the rising flow zone 30 will be reversed to fall.

[0043] In a first aspect of the invention, the gas-liquid mixing water distribution system includes a first gas-liquid mixing passage connecting the water inlet pipe 70 and the water distribution pipe 80, and a second gas-liquid mixing passage connecting the circulation pipe 90 and the water distribution pipe 80.

[0044] See Figure 1 Specifically, the gas-liquid mixing water distribution system of the present invention includes an inlet pump 140, a circulation pump 150, and a gas-liquid mixing device 160; the outlet of the inlet pump 140 is connected to the inlet pipe 70, and the inlet of the inlet pump 140 is connected to a wastewater source; the inlet of the circulation pump 150 is connected to the circulation pipe 90; the gas source port of the gas-liquid mixing device 160 is connected to a waste gas source, and the first liquid source port and the second liquid source port of the gas-liquid mixing device 160 are respectively connected to the outlet of the circulation pump 150 and the inlet pipe 70 through the first pipe 170 and the second pipe 180; the inlet pump 140, the inlet pipe 70, the second pipe 180, the gas-liquid mixing device 160, and the water distribution pipe 80 form the first gas-liquid mixing passage; the circulation pipe 90, the circulation pump 150, the first pipe 170, the gas-liquid mixing device 160, and the water distribution pipe 80 form the second gas-liquid mixing passage.

[0045] See Figure 1In an optional embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, a fourth transverse perforated partition 220 is provided between the heterotrophic bacteria treatment section 280 and the sulfate-reducing bacteria treatment section 270 in the upward flow zone 30; a fifth transverse perforated partition 230 is provided between the heterotrophic bacteria treatment section 280 and the sulfate-reducing bacteria treatment section 270 in the downward flow zone 40. In this invention, the bacterial species attached to the packing material in the heterotrophic bacteria treatment section 280 of the upward flow zone 30 and the downward flow zone 40 are different; the heterotrophic bacteria treatment section 280 of the upward flow zone 30 is an aerobic treatment process, while the heterotrophic bacteria treatment section 280 of the downward flow zone 40 is an anaerobic treatment process. However, the bacterial species attached to the packing material in the sulfate-reducing bacteria treatment section 270 of the upward flow zone 30 and the downward flow zone 40 are the same.

[0046] See Figure 1 In an optional embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, a cover 240 is provided on the top of the pool body 10, an overflow trough 250 is provided between the overflow area 60 and the cover 240, and at least one drain pipe 260 is provided at the bottom of the overflow trough 250. In the present invention, the pool body 10 can be barrel-shaped, and the overflow trough 250 is arranged in a ring around the top of the pool body 10.

[0047] Furthermore, a second aspect of the present invention provides a wastewater and waste gas treatment method based on the wastewater and waste gas treatment equipment described in any one of the above claims, comprising:

[0048] Wastewater to be treated is introduced through a first gas-liquid mixing passage, and waste gas to be treated is introduced through a second gas-liquid mixing passage. In this invention, the first gas-liquid mixing passage is a passage composed of an inlet pump, an inlet pipe, a second pipe, a gas-liquid mixing device, and a water distribution pipe, and the second gas-liquid mixing passage is a passage composed of a circulation pipe, a circulation pump, a first pipe, a gas-liquid mixing device, and a water distribution pipe.

[0049] Under the action of the first gas-liquid mixing passage and the second gas-liquid mixing passage, a portion of the wastewater to be treated is driven to mix with the external circulating water from the source circulation pipe and the waste gas to be treated, and then pumped into the heterotrophic bacteria treatment section of the rising flow zone; another portion of the wastewater to be treated is driven into the guide zone to mix with the internal circulating wastewater and then enter the sulfate treatment section of the rising flow zone.

[0050] After the wastewater from the diversion zone enters the sulfate-reducing bacteria treatment section of the upflow zone, the sulfate-reducing bacteria utilize organic matter, ammonia nitrogen, and sulfate produced by the autotrophic bacteria treatment zone during the circulation process to carry out sulfate reduction biochemical reactions under anaerobic conditions.

[0051] After the wastewater and the gas-water mixture to be treated from the sulfate-reducing bacteria treatment section of the upflow zone enter the heterotrophic bacteria treatment section of the upflow zone, under aerobic conditions, ammonia nitrogen is converted into nitrate nitrogen through microbial nitrification, while organic matter is degraded into inorganic matter.

[0052] After the wastewater from the heterotrophic bacteria treatment section in the upflow zone enters the autotrophic bacteria treatment zone, the nitrate nitrogen is converted into nitrogen gas and removed under anaerobic conditions by the use of filter media and inorganic carbon under the action of autotrophic bacteria.

[0053] Wastewater from the heterotrophic bacteria treatment section of the downflow zone enters the sulfate-reducing bacteria treatment section of the downflow zone, where sulfate-reducing bacteria utilize organic matter, ammonia nitrogen, and sulfate produced in the autotrophic bacteria treatment section during the circulation process to carry out sulfate reduction biochemical reactions under anaerobic conditions.

[0054] Wastewater from the sulfate-reducing bacteria treatment section in the descending flow zone is then returned to the guiding flow zone, forming a wastewater treatment cycle. The flow chart of the wastewater and waste gas treatment method of this invention can be shown as follows: Figure 2 As shown.

[0055] In summary, this invention provides a wastewater and waste gas treatment device and method. The device includes a tank and a gas-liquid mixing and distribution system. The tank contains a guiding zone, an upward flow zone, a downward flow zone, and an autotrophic bacteria treatment zone. The upward and downward flow zones are arranged side-by-side between the guiding zone and the autotrophic bacteria treatment zone, forming an annular liquid flow channel. An overflow zone is located above the autotrophic bacteria treatment zone. An inlet pipe leads out of the guiding zone. Distribution pipes lead out of the upward and downward flow zones. A circulation pipe leads out of the overflow zone. The gas-liquid mixing and distribution system includes a first gas-liquid mixing passage connecting the inlet pipe and the distribution pipe, and a second gas-liquid mixing passage connecting the circulation pipe and the distribution pipe. This invention can simultaneously perform nitrification and denitrification and enhance denitrification. It reduces sulfate emissions during sulfur autotrophic denitrification through autotrophic, heterotrophic, and sulfate reduction processes, achieving high efficiency and low energy consumption.

[0056] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method of treating wastewater offgas, characterized by, The application relates to a wastewater treatment device, which comprises a pool body and a gas-liquid mixed water distribution system; a guide flow area, an upflow area, a downflow area and an autotrophic bacteria treatment area are arranged in the pool body; the guide flow area and the autotrophic bacteria treatment area are arranged at the bottom and the top of the pool body respectively; the upflow area and the downflow area are arranged side by side between the guide flow area and the autotrophic bacteria treatment area; the upflow area and the downflow area each comprise a sulphate-reducing bacteria treatment section close to the guide flow area and a heterotrophic bacteria treatment section close to the autotrophic bacteria treatment area. An annular liquid flow channel is formed between the guide flow area, the upflow area, the downflow area and the autotrophic bacteria treatment area, and the liquid flow direction of the annular liquid flow channel is the guide flow area-the upflow area-the autotrophic bacteria treatment area-the downflow area-the guide flow area. A top portion of the pool body above the autotrophic bacteria treatment area is provided with an overflow area; the guide flow area is provided with a water inlet pipe; the heterotrophic bacteria treatment sections of the upflow area and the downflow area are each provided with a water distribution pipe; the overflow area is provided with a circulation pipe; the gas-liquid mixed water distribution system comprises a first gas-liquid mixed passage connected with the water inlet pipe and the water distribution pipe and a second gas-liquid mixed passage connected with the circulation pipe and the water distribution pipe. The wastewater to be treated is introduced through the first gas-liquid mixed passage, and the waste gas to be treated is introduced through the second gas-liquid mixed passage. Under the action of the first gas-liquid mixed passage and the second gas-liquid mixed passage, part of the wastewater to be treated is mixed with the external circulation water from the circulation pipe and the waste gas to be treated and then pumped into the heterotrophic bacteria treatment section of the upflow area; another part of the wastewater to be treated is mixed with the internal circulation wastewater in the guide flow area and then enters the sulphate treatment section of the upflow area. After the wastewater in the guide flow area enters the sulphate-reducing bacteria treatment section of the upflow area, sulphate-reducing biochemical reactions are carried out by the sulphate-reducing bacteria under anaerobic conditions by using organic matters, ammonia nitrogen and sulphate generated in the autotrophic bacteria treatment area in the circulation process. After the wastewater in the sulphate-reducing bacteria treatment section of the upflow area and the gas-water mixture to be treated enter the heterotrophic bacteria treatment section of the upflow area, ammonia nitrogen is converted into nitrate nitrogen by microbial nitrification under aerobic conditions, and organic matters are degraded into inorganic matters. After the wastewater in the heterotrophic bacteria treatment section of the upflow area enters the autotrophic bacteria treatment area, nitrate nitrogen is converted into nitrogen gas and removed under anoxic conditions by using filter materials and inorganic carbon under the action of autotrophic bacteria. After the wastewater in the autotrophic bacteria treatment area enters the overflow area, part of the wastewater is discharged outside, and another part of the wastewater enters the heterotrophic bacteria treatment section of the downflow area, and nitrate nitrogen is converted into nitrogen gas and removed under anoxic conditions by using organic matters. After the wastewater in the heterotrophic bacteria treatment section of the downflow area enters the sulphate-reducing bacteria treatment section of the downflow area, sulphate-reducing biochemical reactions are carried out by the sulphate-reducing bacteria under anaerobic conditions by using organic matters, ammonia nitrogen and sulphate generated in the autotrophic bacteria treatment area in the circulation process. The wastewater in the sulphate-reducing bacteria treatment section of the downflow area is returned to the guide flow area, and a wastewater treatment cycle is formed.

2. The waste water and waste gas treatment method according to claim 1, characterized by, The diversion area is separated from the upflow area and the downflow area by a first transverse perforated partition plate; the upflow area and the downflow area are separated by a vertical partition plate; The autotrophic bacteria treatment area is separated from the upflow area and the downflow area by a second transverse perforated partition plate; the overflow area and the autotrophic bacteria treatment area are separated by a third transverse perforated partition plate.

3. The wastewater off-gas treatment method according to claim 2, characterized by, The gas-liquid mixing water distribution system comprises a water inlet pump, a circulating pump and a gas-liquid mixing device; the water outlet of the water inlet pump is connected with the water inlet pipe, and the water inlet of the water inlet pump is connected with a wastewater source; The water inlet of the circulating pump is connected with the circulating pipe; the gas source of the gas-liquid mixing device is connected with a waste gas source, and the first liquid source and the second liquid source of the gas-liquid mixing device are respectively connected with the water outlet of the circulating pump and the water inlet pipe through the first pipe and the second pipe; The water inlet pump, the water inlet pipe, the second pipe, the gas-liquid mixing device and the water distribution pipe constitute the first gas-liquid mixing channel; the circulating pipe, the circulating pump, the first pipe, the gas-liquid mixing device and the water distribution pipe constitute the second gas-liquid mixing channel.

4. The wastewater off-gas treatment method according to claim 1, characterized by, The water distribution pipe comprises a main pipe penetrating through the inside and outside of the pool body, the main pipe has a first branch pipe and a second branch pipe at the internal end of the pool body, the first branch pipe is connected with the heterotrophic bacteria treatment section of the downflow area, the second branch pipe is connected with the heterotrophic bacteria treatment section of the upflow area, and an electromagnetic valve is arranged on each of the first branch pipe and the second branch pipe.

5. The wastewater off-gas treatment method according to claim 4, characterized by, A fourth transverse perforated partition plate is arranged between the heterotrophic bacteria treatment section and the sulfate-reducing bacteria treatment section of the upflow area; a fifth transverse perforated partition plate is arranged between the heterotrophic bacteria treatment section and the sulfate-reducing bacteria treatment section of the downflow area.

6. The wastewater off-gas treatment method according to claim 1, characterized by, A cover is arranged at the top of the pool body, an overflow tank is arranged between the overflow area and the cover, and at least one drain pipe is arranged at the bottom of the overflow tank.

7. The wastewater off-gas treatment method according to claim 3, characterized by, The sulfate-reducing bacteria treatment section is filled with first filter material on which sulfate-reducing bacteria are attached, the first filter material comprises ceramsite, quartz stone and medical stone, and the particle size of the first filter material is 4-8 mm; The heterotrophic bacteria treatment section is filled with second filter material on which heterotrophic bacteria are attached, the second filter material comprises ceramsite, quartz stone and medical stone, and the particle size of the second filter material is 4-8 mm.

8. The wastewater off-gas treatment method according to claim 1, characterized by, The autotrophic bacteria treatment area is filled with third filter material on which autotrophic bacteria are attached, the third filter material comprises particulate sulfur, sponge iron and pyrite, and the particle size of the third filter material is 4-8 mm.

9. The wastewater off-gas treatment method according to claim 8, characterized by, The autotrophic bacteria comprise sulfur autotrophic denitrifying bacteria and iron autotrophic denitrifying bacteria.

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