A solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material and its preparation method and application

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of thermal insulation materials, and provides a solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material, and a preparation method and application thereof. The present invention utilizes cement and other raw materials to combine with each other to form a solid structure; by adding coal gangue powder, the toughness and durability of the material are improved, the production cost is reduced, and industrial solid waste is effectively utilized; desulfurization gypsum is added to achieve the purpose of hardening; the addition of waste rubber powder can improve the flexibility and flame retardancy of the polystyrene particle thermal insulation material; the addition of shells can increase the porosity of the material and improve the thermal insulation performance; the addition of polystyrene particles can improve the thermal insulation performance and reduce the weight of the material. In addition, the apparent density of the solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material provided by the present invention is 163kg / m 3 , compressive strength is 1.1MPa, thermal conductivity (room temperature) is 0.046W / (m·k), dry density is 45kg / m 3 , the combustion performance is Class A.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of thermal insulation materials, and in particular to a solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Building insulation materials not only need to have the characteristics of low thermal conductivity, good thermal stability, good hydrophobicity, lightweight, high fire resistance and strong impact resistance, but also need to be cost-saving and reasonably priced to meet user needs.

[0003] As building insulation technology becomes more sophisticated, the selection of building insulation materials has become increasingly important. The current building insulation material market still faces numerous challenges. For example, patent CN114454575A uses composite glass wool insulation materials for insulation. However, glass wool is made of glass, which is fragile and has poor wear resistance, easily damaging it over long-term use and is irreparable. Patent CN104072193A uses foamed ceramics for fire protection, but foamed ceramics have low strength and high water absorption, which do not meet hydrophobicity requirements. Patent CN108585712A uses industrial solid wastes such as slag and steel slag, but slag and steel slag recycling technologies have drawbacks such as high costs, limited recycling volumes, and outdated recycling technology.

[0004] Therefore, providing a thermal insulation material with good thermal insulation and water repellency, high fire resistance, strong impact resistance and low cost has become a technical problem to be solved urgently in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof. The solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material provided by the present invention has good thermal insulation and hydrophobicity, high fire resistance, strong impact resistance, and low cost.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material, which is prepared from raw materials including the following components in parts by mass: 10-50 parts of cement, 50-80 parts of coal gangue powder, 20-60 parts of lime, 2-7 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 2-7 parts of waste rubber powder, 2-7 parts of shell powder, 2-7 parts of polystyrene particles, 2-6 parts of hydrogen peroxide, 4-10 parts of foam stabilizer, 6-12 parts of hydrophobic agent, 6-12 parts of calcium formate, 25-40 parts of isocyanate, 25-40 parts of polyether polyol, 6-12 parts of flame retardant, 8-15 parts of polysiloxane polyether, 1-5 parts of catalyst, and 100-150 parts of water.

[0008] Preferably, the foam stabilizer is calcium stearate foam stabilizer.

[0009] Preferably, the water repellent is a silane-based powder.

[0010] Preferably, the catalyst is dimethylethanolamine.

[0011] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material, comprising the following steps:

[0012] 1) Mixing cement, lime, coal gangue powder and part of water to obtain a cementitious material;

[0013] 2) mixing the gelling material obtained in step 1) with polystyrene particles, desulfurized gypsum, waste rubber powder, shell powder, a foam stabilizer, a hydrophobic agent, calcium formate, and the remaining water, and then adding hydrogen peroxide for foaming to obtain foamed cement;

[0014] 3) mixing isocyanate, flame retardant, polyether polyol, polysiloxane polyether and catalyst to obtain a slurry;

[0015] 4) impregnating the foamed cement obtained in step 2) in the slurry obtained in step 3) and then curing the mixture to obtain a solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material precursor;

[0016] 5) soaking the solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material precursor obtained in step 4) in water to obtain a solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material;

[0017] There is no order between steps 1) and 3).

[0018] Preferably, in step 1), the mass ratio of cement, lime and coal gangue powder is 1:(1.5-2):3.

[0019] Preferably, in step 1), the mass ratio of the total mass of cement, lime and coal gangue powder to water is 1:0.45.

[0020] Preferably, in step 2), the mass ratio of the gelling material, polystyrene particles, desulfurized gypsum, waste rubber powder, shell powder, foam stabilizer, hydrophobic agent, calcium formate and water is (6-8): (1-3): (1-3): (1-3): (0-2): (2-6): (2-6): (2-6): (15-20).

[0021] The present invention also provides the use of the solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material in composite building materials.

[0022] The solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material provided by the present invention includes the following components, calculated by mass: 10 to 50 parts of cement, 50 to 80 parts of coal gangue powder, 20 to 60 parts of lime, 2 to 7 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 2 to 7 parts of waste rubber powder, 2 to 7 parts of shell powder, 2 to 7 parts of polystyrene particles, 2 to 6 parts of hydrogen peroxide, 4 to 10 parts of foam stabilizer, 6 to 12 parts of hydrophobic agent, 6 to 12 parts of calcium formate, 25 to 40 parts of isocyanate, 25 to 40 parts of polyether polyol, 6 to 12 parts of flame retardant, 8 to 15 parts of polysiloxane polyether, 1 to 5 parts of catalyst, and 100 to 150 parts of water. The present invention utilizes cement and other raw materials to form a solid structure; by adding coal gangue powder, the toughness and durability of the material are improved, the production cost is reduced, and industrial solid waste is effectively utilized; desulfurized gypsum is added to achieve the purpose of hardening; the addition of waste rubber powder can improve the flexibility and flame retardancy of the polystyrene particle insulation material; the addition of shells can increase the porosity of the material and improve the thermal insulation performance; the addition of polystyrene particles can improve the thermal insulation performance and reduce the weight of the material; the addition of a hydrophobic agent can effectively reduce or prevent the penetration of water and improve the waterproof performance of the material. The results of the embodiment show that the apparent density of the solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material provided by the present invention is 163kg / m 3 , compressive strength is 1.1MPa, thermal conductivity (room temperature) is 0.046W / (m·k), dry density is 45kg / m 3 , the combustion performance is Class A. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present invention provides a solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material, which is prepared from raw materials including the following components in parts by mass: 10-50 parts of cement, 50-80 parts of coal gangue powder, 20-60 parts of lime, 2-7 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 2-7 parts of waste rubber powder, 2-7 parts of shell powder, 2-7 parts of polystyrene particles, 2-6 parts of hydrogen peroxide, 4-10 parts of foam stabilizer, 6-12 parts of hydrophobic agent, 6-12 parts of calcium formate, 25-40 parts of isocyanate, 25-40 parts of polyether polyol, 6-12 parts of flame retardant, 8-15 parts of polysiloxane polyether, 1-5 parts of catalyst, and 100-150 parts of water.

[0024] In the present invention, the raw materials for preparing the solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material include 10 to 50 parts by mass of cement, preferably 20 to 40 parts by mass, and more preferably 30 parts by mass. The present invention controls the mass of cement to ensure that it combines with other raw materials to form a strong structure after mixing.

[0025] In the present invention, the raw materials for preparing the solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material include 50 to 80 parts by mass of coal gangue powder, preferably 55 to 75 parts by mass, and more preferably 60 parts by mass. The present invention improves the toughness and durability of the material by controlling the mass fraction of coal gangue powder.

[0026] In the present invention, the particle size of the coal gangue powder is preferably 50-80 mesh, preferably 60-70 mesh, and more preferably 60 mesh. The present invention controls the particle size of the coal gangue powder to ensure that the requirements for preparing the composite thermal insulation material are met.

[0027] In the present invention, when the particle size of the coal gangue powder is not within the above range, the present invention preferably performs pulverization first and then screening.

[0028] The present invention has no particular limitation on the crushing equipment, and any crushing equipment known in the art can be used. In the present invention, the crushing equipment is preferably a hammer crusher or a jaw crusher, more preferably a jaw crusher.

[0029] In the present invention, the pulverization time is preferably 15 to 30 minutes, more preferably 20 minutes. The present invention ensures that the gangue powder is broken into smaller particles by controlling the pulverization time.

[0030] The present invention has no particular limitation on the screening equipment, and any screening equipment known in the art can be used. In the present invention, the screening equipment is preferably a vibrating screen device.

[0031] In the present invention, the main chemical components of the coal gangue powder are preferably SiO2: 47-60%, Al2O3: 16-35%, Fe2O3: 5-16%, CaO: 0.5-8%, MgO: 1-2%, Na2O: 0.5-2%, and K2O: 0.5-2.7%. By limiting the main chemical components of the coal gangue powder, the present invention plays an important role in improving the gelling properties and strength of the material.

[0032] In the present invention, the raw materials for preparing the solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material include 20 to 60 parts by mass of lime, preferably 25 to 50 parts by mass, and more preferably 30 parts by mass. The present invention achieves the purpose of promoting hydration reaction and increasing early strength by controlling the mass fraction of lime.

[0033] In the present invention, the raw materials for preparing the solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material include 2 to 7 parts by mass, preferably 3 to 5 parts, and more preferably 4.5 parts of desulfurized gypsum. The present invention achieves the purpose of hardening by controlling the amount of desulfurized gypsum added.

[0034] In the present invention, the raw materials for preparing the solid waste-based composite insulation material include 2 to 7 parts by mass, preferably 4 to 5 parts, and more preferably 4.5 parts of waste rubber powder. By controlling the amount of waste rubber powder added, the present invention improves the flexibility and flame retardancy of the polystyrene particle insulation material and is environmentally friendly.

[0035] In the present invention, the particle size of the waste rubber powder is preferably 30 to 60 meshes, more preferably 40 to 50 meshes. In the present invention, the particle size of the waste rubber powder is controlled to be 45 meshes.

[0036] In the present invention, when the particle size of the waste rubber powder is not within the above range, it is preferably pulverized first and then sieved.

[0037] The present invention has no particular limitation on the crushing equipment, and any crushing equipment known in the art can be used. In the present invention, the crushing equipment is preferably a jaw crusher.

[0038] The present invention has no particular limitation on the sieving operation, and any sieving method known in the art may be used.

[0039] In the present invention, the raw materials for preparing the solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material include 2 to 7 parts by mass, preferably 4 to 5 parts, and more preferably 4.5 parts of shell powder. The present invention increases the porosity of the material and improves the thermal insulation performance by controlling the amount of shell powder added without affecting the density of the product.

[0040] In the present invention, the particle size of the shell powder is preferably 40 to 100 meshes, more preferably 50 to 70 meshes. The present invention limits the particle size of the shell powder to 60 meshes.

[0041] In the present invention, the shell powder is preferably obtained by sequentially cleaning, sterilizing, crushing and screening shells.

[0042] The present invention does not specifically limit the method for cleaning the shells; any cleaning method known in the art may be used. In the present invention, the shells are preferably cleaned by soaking them in warm water and then gently scrubbing them with a brush. The warm water cleaning method can soften and loosen dirt and organic matter adhering to the shells.

[0043] The present invention does not specifically limit the method for disinfecting the shells, and any method known in the art may be used. In the present invention, the shells are preferably disinfected by immersing them in alcohol. The present invention uses alcohol to effectively disinfect the shell surface.

[0044] The present invention has no particular limitation on the crushing equipment, and any crushing equipment known in the art can be used. In the present invention, the crushing equipment is preferably a jaw crusher.

[0045] The present invention has no special limitation on the screening operation, and screening processing methods well known in the art can be used.

[0046] In the present invention, the main components of the shell are preferably CaO: 94-96%, Na2O: 1-2%, SO3: 0.5-0.8%, SiO2: 0.6-0.7%, Cl: 0.6-0.7%, K2O: 0.2%-0.4%, SrO: 0.2-0.3%, MgO: 0.15-0.22%, Al2O3: 0.1-0.2%, Fe2O3: 0.1-0.15%, and MnO: 0.01-0.025%. By limiting the main chemical components of the shell, the present invention promotes hydration reaction and increases the density and strength of the material.

[0047] In the present invention, the raw materials for preparing the solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material include 2 to 7 parts by mass, preferably 4 to 5 parts, and more preferably 4.5 parts of polystyrene particles. The present invention can improve thermal insulation performance and reduce material weight by controlling the amount of polystyrene particles added.

[0048] In the present invention, the raw materials used to prepare the solid waste-based composite insulation material include 2 to 6 parts by mass of hydrogen peroxide, preferably 3 to 5 parts by mass, and more preferably 4 parts by mass. By controlling the amount of hydrogen peroxide added, the present invention creates bubbles. These bubbles are evenly distributed throughout the material, forming a lightweight foam structure.

[0049] In the present invention, the raw materials used to prepare the solid waste-based composite insulation material include 4 to 10 parts by mass, preferably 6 to 8 parts, and more preferably 7 parts, of a foam stabilizer. By controlling the amount of foam stabilizer added, the present invention prevents rapid bubble aggregation or collapse in the foam material. These stabilizers maintain bubble stability through the action of surfactants, thereby maintaining the uniformity and stability of the foam.

[0050] In the present invention, the foam stabilizer is preferably calcium stearate. It is prepared from the following raw materials in a mass ratio of calcium stearate: latex powder: hydroxymethyl cellulose = 6:2:1. By controlling the type of foam stabilizer, the present invention can increase the compressive strength and durability of the foam material while reducing the foam's water absorption, thereby improving the overall quality of the foam material.

[0051] The present invention has no particular limitation on the preparation method of the calcium stearate foam stabilizer, and any preparation method well known in the art may be used.

[0052] In the present invention, the raw materials for preparing the solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material include 6 to 12 parts by mass, preferably 8 to 10 parts, and more preferably 9 parts of a water repellent.

[0053] In the present invention, the water repellent is preferably silane-based powder. The present invention prevents moisture absorption on the surface of an object by controlling the type of the water repellent.

[0054] In the present invention, the raw materials for preparing the solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material include 6 to 12 parts by mass, preferably 8 to 10 parts, and more preferably 9 parts by mass of calcium formate. By controlling the amount of calcium formate added, the present invention changes the fluidity of the cement paste, making it easier to form bubbles and facilitating uniform distribution of the bubbles.

[0055] In the present invention, the raw materials for preparing the solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material include 25 to 40 parts by mass of isocyanate, preferably 30 to 35 parts, and more preferably 30 parts. By controlling the amount of isocyanate added, the present invention changes the fluidity of the cement paste, making it easier to form bubbles and facilitating the uniform distribution of the bubbles.

[0056] In the present invention, the raw materials used to prepare the solid waste-based composite insulation material include 25-40 parts by weight, preferably 30-35 parts, and more preferably 35 parts, of polyether polyol. The present invention uses controlled amounts of polyether polyol to react with isocyanate to prepare adhesives and tackifiers. The polyether polyol provides the adhesive with both viscosity and bonding strength.

[0057] In the present invention, the raw materials for preparing the solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material include 6 to 12 parts by mass, preferably 8 to 11 parts, and more preferably 10 parts by mass of a flame retardant. By controlling the amount of the flame retardant added, the present invention can decompose at high temperatures to generate a non-combustible residue, forming a protective layer covering the surface of the combustible material, isolating it from oxygen and reducing the heat radiation and combustion contact of the fire source on the material.

[0058] In the present invention, the flame retardant is preferably a mixture of an inorganic flame retardant and an organic phosphate flame retardant in a ratio of 1: (1-3). The present invention can absorb part of the heat released by the fire source and reduce the temperature of the combustion area by controlling the amount of the flame retardant added.

[0059] The present invention does not specifically limit the specific types of inorganic flame retardants and organophosphate flame retardants. A mixture of a known inorganic flame retardant and an organophosphate flame retardant in a ratio of 1:1-3 can be used. In the present invention, the inorganic flame retardant is preferably aluminum hydroxide, and the organophosphate flame retardant is preferably melamine phosphate.

[0060] In the present invention, the raw materials for preparing the solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material include 8 to 15 parts by mass of polysiloxane polyether, preferably 8 to 11 parts, and more preferably 10 parts. The present invention prepares the binder and adhesive by controlling the amount of polysiloxane polyether added.

[0061] In the present invention, the raw materials for preparing the solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material include 1 to 5 parts by mass of a catalyst, preferably 1 to 3 parts, and more preferably 1 part. The present invention accelerates the reaction of isocyanate and polyether polyol by controlling the amount of catalyst added, thereby promoting the curing of the material.

[0062] The present invention has no particular limitation on the specific type of catalyst, and any catalyst known to the present invention can be used. In the present invention, dimethylethanolamine is preferably used as the catalyst.

[0063] In the present invention, the raw materials for preparing the solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material include 100 to 150 parts by mass of water, preferably 120 to 140 parts by mass, and more preferably 138 parts by mass. The present invention ensures that the prepared thermal insulation material achieves the desired strength and stability by controlling the amount of water added.

[0064] The solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material provided by the present invention utilizes cement and other raw materials to combine with each other to form a strong structure; by adding coal gangue powder, the toughness and durability of the material are enhanced, the production cost is reduced, and industrial solid waste is effectively utilized; the addition of desulfurized gypsum hardens the material; the addition of waste rubber powder can improve the flexibility and flame retardancy of the polystyrene particle thermal insulation material; the addition of shells can increase the porosity of the material and improve the thermal insulation performance; the addition of polystyrene particles can improve the thermal insulation performance and reduce the weight of the material.

[0065] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material, comprising the following steps:

[0066] 1) Mixing cement, lime, coal gangue powder and part of water to obtain a cementitious material;

[0067] 2) mixing the gelling material obtained in step 1) with polystyrene particles, desulfurized gypsum, waste rubber powder, shells, a foam stabilizer, a hydrophobic agent, calcium formate, and the remaining water, and then adding hydrogen peroxide for foaming to obtain foamed cement;

[0068] 3) mixing isocyanate, flame retardant, polyether polyol, polysiloxane polyether, and catalyst to obtain a slurry;

[0069] 4) impregnating the foamed cement obtained in step 2) in the slurry obtained in step 3) and then curing the mixture to obtain a solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material precursor;

[0070] 5) soaking the solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material precursor obtained in step 4) in water to obtain a solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material;

[0071] There is no order between steps 1) and 3).

[0072] The present invention mixes cement, lime, coal gangue powder and part of water to obtain a gelling material.

[0073] In the present invention, the gangue powder is preferably pretreated before mixing; the pretreatment includes mixing the gangue powder with calcium hydroxide.

[0074] In the present invention, the amount of calcium hydroxide added is preferably 0.1 to 0.2 times the amount of coal gangue powder by mass. The present invention accelerates the mixing and reaction of coal gangue powder by controlling the amount of calcium hydroxide added, thereby improving the strength and stability of the thermal insulation material and achieving the desired preparation effect.

[0075] The present invention has no particular limitation on the mixing method of the gangue powder and the calcium hydroxide, and any mixing method well known in the art may be used.

[0076] In the present invention, the mass ratio of cement, lime and coal gangue powder is preferably 1: (1.5-2): 3. The present invention adjusts the strength of the thermal insulation product by controlling the mass ratio of cement, lime and coal gangue powder.

[0077] In the present invention, the mass ratio of the total mass of cement, lime and coal gangue powder to the mass ratio of water is preferably 1:0.45. The present invention adjusts the plasticity and fluidity of the thermal insulation product by controlling the mass ratio of the total mass of cement, lime and coal gangue powder to the mass ratio of water.

[0078] The present invention has no particular limitation on the mixing method of the cement, lime, coal gangue powder and part of the water, and any mixing method well known in the art may be used.

[0079] In the present invention, the cement, lime, coal gangue powder, and a portion of water are preferably mixed under stirring. The stirring method is not particularly limited in the present invention; any stirring method familiar to those skilled in the art can be employed. In the present invention, the stirring is preferably performed using a single-shaft horizontal track mixer; the stirring time is preferably 5 to 15 minutes, more preferably 8 minutes. The present invention controls the stirring time to ensure uniform mixing of the components.

[0080] After obtaining the gel material, the present invention mixes the gel material with polystyrene particles, desulfurized gypsum, waste rubber powder, shells, foam stabilizer, hydrophobic agent, calcium formate and the remaining water, and then adds hydrogen peroxide for foaming to obtain foamed cement.

[0081] In the present invention, the mass ratio of the gelling material to the polystyrene particles, desulfurized gypsum, waste rubber powder, shells, foam stabilizer, water repellent, calcium formate, and the remaining water is preferably (6-8): (1-3): (1-3): (1-3): (0-2): (2-6): (2-6): (2-6): (15-20). The present invention prepares a solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material by controlling the mass ratio of the gelling material to the polystyrene particles, desulfurized gypsum, waste rubber powder, shells, foam stabilizer, water repellent, calcium formate, and the remaining water.

[0082] The present invention has no particular limitation on the mixing method of the gelling material with polystyrene particles, desulfurized gypsum, waste rubber powder, shells, foam stabilizer, hydrophobic agent, calcium formate and the remaining water, and any mixing method known in the art can be used.

[0083] In the present invention, the mass of water in the raw materials is: the mass of the water mixed with cement, lime, and coal gangue powder, and the mass of the remaining water mixed with cementitious materials, polystyrene particles, desulfurized gypsum, waste rubber powder, shells, foam stabilizers, water repellents and calcium formate.

[0084] After obtaining the foamed cement, the present invention preferably cures the foamed cement at room temperature to a fixed age.

[0085] The present invention has no particular limitation on the curing method of the foamed cement, and any curing method known to the present invention may be used.

[0086] In the present invention, the curing period is preferably 28 days. By controlling the curing period, the present invention allows the cement to chemically react with water during the hydration process, forming a colloidal substance, which promotes the hardening and consolidation of the insulation material.

[0087] The invention mixes the isocyanate, flame retardant, polyether polyol, polysiloxane polyether and catalyst to obtain slurry.

[0088] The present invention has no particular limitation on the mixing method of the isocyanate, flame retardant, polyether polyol, polysiloxane polyether, and catalyst, and any mixing method well known in the art may be used.

[0089] In the present invention, the mass ratio of the isocyanate, flame retardant, polyether polyol, polysiloxane polyether, and catalyst is preferably (30-40): (5-15): (30-40): (10-20): (1-3). The present invention improves the adhesiveness of the slurry by controlling the mass ratio of the isocyanate, flame retardant, polyether polyol, polysiloxane polyether, and catalyst.

[0090] After obtaining the slurry, the present invention immerses the foamed cement in the slurry and then solidifies it to obtain a solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material precursor.

[0091] In the present invention, the immersion time is preferably such that the foamed cement is completely soaked in the slurry. In the present invention, the foamed cement is completely soaked in the slurry so that the two are fully mixed.

[0092] In the present invention, the curing is steam curing.

[0093] In the present invention, the curing time is preferably 2 to 4 hours, more preferably 3 hours.

[0094] After obtaining the solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material precursor, the present invention immerses the solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material precursor in water to obtain the solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material.

[0095] In the present invention, the amount of water used is preferably sufficient to completely immerse the solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material precursor. In the present invention, the water used to immerse the solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material precursor is not included in the water content of the raw materials.

[0096] The present invention provides a method for preparing a solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material. The present invention utilizes cement and other raw materials to form a solid structure; by adding coal gangue powder, the toughness and durability of the material are enhanced, the production cost is reduced, and industrial solid waste is effectively utilized; desulfurized gypsum is added to harden the material; the addition of waste rubber powder can improve the flexibility and flame retardancy of the polystyrene particle thermal insulation material; the addition of shells can increase the porosity of the material and improve the thermal insulation performance; the addition of polystyrene particles can improve the thermal insulation performance and reduce the weight of the material. The results of the embodiment show that the apparent density of the solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material provided by the present invention is 163kg / m 3 , compressive strength is 1.1MPa, thermal conductivity (room temperature) is 0.046W / (m·k), dry density is 45kg / m 3 , the combustion performance is Class A.

[0097] The present invention also provides application of the solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material in composite building materials.

[0098] In order to further illustrate the present invention, the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0099] Example 1

[0100] A solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material is prepared from the following raw materials, calculated by mass: 20 parts of cement, 60 parts of 50-80 mesh coal gangue powder, 30 parts of lime, 4.5 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 4.5 parts of 60 mesh waste rubber powder, 4.5 parts of 60 mesh shell powder, 4.5 parts of polystyrene particles, 3 parts of hydrogen peroxide, 7 parts of calcium stearate foam stabilizer, 9 parts of silane-based powder, 9 parts of calcium formate, 30 parts of isocyanate, 35 parts of polyether polyol, 5 parts of aluminum hydroxide flame retardant, 5 parts of melamine phosphate flame retardant, 10 parts of polysiloxane polyether, 1 part of dimethylethanolamine, and 140 parts of water.

[0101] Example 2:

[0102] A method for preparing a solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material, using the thermal insulation material described in Example 1, comprises the following steps:

[0103] 1) Cement, lime, and coal gangue powder are mixed with 50 parts of water in a mass ratio of 1:1.5:3, and stirred for 8 minutes using a single-shaft horizontal track mixer to obtain a cementitious material; the coal gangue powder is mixed with calcium hydroxide before mixing; the amount of calcium hydroxide added is 0.1 times that of the coal gangue powder; the mass ratio of the total mass of the cement, lime, and coal gangue powder to water is 1:0.45;

[0104] 2) mixing the cementitious material obtained in step 1) with polystyrene particles, desulfurized gypsum, waste rubber powder, shell powder, a foam stabilizer, a water repellent, calcium formate, and the remaining water, adding hydrogen peroxide for foaming to obtain foamed cement, and curing at room temperature for 28 days; the mass ratio of the cementitious material to the polystyrene particles, desulfurized gypsum, waste rubber powder, shell, foam stabilizer, water repellent, calcium formate, and the remaining water is 6:1:1:1:1:1.5:2:2:20.

[0105] 3) mixing isocyanate, flame retardant, polyether polyol, polysiloxane polyether, and catalyst in a mass ratio of 30:10:35:10:1 to obtain a slurry;

[0106] 4) impregnating the foamed cement obtained in step 2) in the slurry obtained in step 3) until the foamed cement is completely soaked in the slurry, and then curing for 3 hours to obtain a solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material precursor;

[0107] 5) The solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material precursor obtained in step 4) is completely immersed in water to obtain a solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material.

[0108] The solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material prepared in Example 2 of the present invention was tested, and its apparent density was found to be 163 kg / m 3 , compressive strength is 1.1MPa, thermal conductivity (room temperature) is 0.046W / (m·k), dry density is 45kg / m 3, combustion performance grade A.

[0109] Example 3

[0110] A solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material is prepared from the following raw materials, calculated by mass: 25 parts of cement, 75 parts of 50-80 mesh coal gangue powder, 50 parts of lime, 4 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 4 parts of 60 mesh waste rubber powder, 4 parts of 75 mesh shell powder, 4 parts of polystyrene particles, 3 parts of hydrogen peroxide, 5 parts of calcium stearate foam stabilizer, 10 parts of silane-based powder, 10 parts of calcium formate, 35 parts of isocyanate, 30 parts of polyether polyol, 2 parts of aluminum hydroxide flame retardant, 6 parts of melamine phosphate flame retardant, 15 parts of polysiloxane polyether, 3 parts of dimethylethanolamine, and 113 parts of water.

[0111] Embodiment 4:

[0112] A method for preparing a solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material, using the thermal insulation material described in Example 1, comprises the following steps:

[0113] 1) Cement, lime, and gangue powder are mixed with 67.5 parts of water in a mass ratio of 1:2:1.25, and stirred for 10 minutes using a single-shaft horizontal track mixer to obtain a cementitious material; the gangue powder is mixed with calcium hydroxide before mixing; the amount of calcium hydroxide added is 0.2 times that of the gangue powder; the mass ratio of the total mass of the cement, lime, and gangue powder to the portion of water is 1:0.45;

[0114] 2) mixing the cementitious material obtained in step 1) with polystyrene particles, desulfurized gypsum, waste rubber powder, shell powder, a foam stabilizer, a water repellent, calcium formate, and the remaining water, adding hydrogen peroxide for foaming to obtain foamed cement, and curing at room temperature for 28 days; the mass ratio of the cementitious material to the polystyrene particles, desulfurized gypsum, waste rubber powder, shell, foam stabilizer, water repellent, calcium formate, and the remaining water is 8:1.5:1.5:1.5:1.5:1.9:3.8:3.8:17.5.

[0115] 3) mixing isocyanate, flame retardant, polyether polyol, polysiloxane polyether, and catalyst in a mass ratio of 35:8:30:15:3 to obtain a slurry;

[0116] 4) impregnating the foamed cement obtained in step 2) in the slurry obtained in step 3) until the foamed cement is completely soaked in the slurry, taking it out and curing it for 3 hours to obtain a solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material precursor;

[0117] 5) The solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material precursor obtained in step 4) is completely immersed in water to obtain a solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material.

[0118] The solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material prepared in Example 4 of the present invention was tested, and its apparent density was found to be 165 kg / m 3 , compressive strength is 1.05MPa, thermal conductivity (room temperature) is 0.048W / (m·k), dry density is 48kg / m 3 , combustion performance grade A.

[0119] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any limitation thereto. It should be noted that those skilled in the art may make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such improvements and modifications shall also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material, prepared from the following raw materials, calculated by weight: 10-50 parts of cement, 50-80 parts of coal gangue powder, 20-60 parts of lime, 2-7 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 2-7 parts of waste rubber powder, 2-7 parts of shell powder, 2-7 parts of polystyrene particles, 2-6 parts of hydrogen peroxide, 4-10 parts of foam stabilizer, 6-12 parts of hydrophobic agent, 6-12 parts of calcium formate, 25-40 parts of isocyanate, 25-40 parts of polyether polyol, 6-12 parts of flame retardant, 8-15 parts of polysiloxane polyether, 1-5 parts of catalyst, and 100-150 parts of water; The foam stabilizer is calcium stearate; the hydrophobic agent is silane-based powder; and the particle size of the coal gangue powder is 50-80 meshes.

2. The thermal insulation material according to claim 1, characterized in that The catalyst is dimethylethanolamine.

3. The method for preparing the solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material according to any one of claims 1 to 2, comprising the following steps: 1) Mixing cement, lime, coal gangue powder and part of water to obtain a cementitious material; 2) mixing the gelling material obtained in step 1) with polystyrene particles, desulfurized gypsum, waste rubber powder, shell powder, a foam stabilizer, a hydrophobic agent, calcium formate, and the remaining water, and then adding hydrogen peroxide for foaming to obtain foamed cement; 3) mixing isocyanate, flame retardant, polyether polyol, polysiloxane polyether and catalyst to obtain a slurry; 4) impregnating the foamed cement obtained in step 2) in the slurry obtained in step 3) and then curing the mixture to obtain a solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material precursor; 5) soaking the solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material precursor obtained in step 4) in water to obtain a solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material; There is no order between steps 1) and 3).

4. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that In the step 1), the mass ratio of cement, lime and coal gangue powder is 1: (1.5-2):

3.

5. The preparation method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that In the step 1), the mass ratio of the total mass of cement, lime and coal gangue powder to water is 1:0.

45.

6. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that In the step 2), the mass ratio of the gelling material, polystyrene particles, desulfurized gypsum, waste rubber powder, shell powder, foam stabilizer, hydrophobic agent, calcium formate and water is (6-8): (1-3): (1-3): (1-3): (0-2): (2-6): (2-6): (2-6): (15-20).

7. Use of the solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material according to any one of claims 1 to 2 or the solid waste-based composite thermal insulation material prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 3 to 6 in composite building materials.