A device suitable for the rapid composting of agricultural solid organic waste

Abstract

This invention discloses a device for the rapid composting of agricultural solid organic waste, specifically relating to the field of agricultural waste composting devices. It includes a composting body, a pipeline network containing an anti-clogging unit, and a control unit. The input and output pipes are respectively inserted into the side of the compost, connected by an aeration pipe. The aeration pipe is connected to an aeration nozzle with a built-in one-way valve via the anti-clogging unit. The anti-clogging unit includes a transition shell, a pressure plate, and a liquid collection port. The aeration pipe is connected to the aeration nozzle via the transition shell. A pressure plate is slidably connected inside the transition shell, and a liquid collection port is provided on the transition shell. This separates the aeration nozzle for external aeration from the anti-clogging unit for leachate recovery, reducing the probability of the aeration nozzle becoming clogged due to leachate recovery. The pressure plate inside the anti-clogging unit is automatically adjusted by the wind pressure and automatically closes during aeration, allowing air to aerate through the aeration nozzle along a predetermined path. No additional control system is required, making it easier to use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural waste composting devices, and more specifically, to a device suitable for the rapid composting of agricultural solid organic waste. Background Technology

[0002] Among agricultural wastes, the treatment methods for livestock and poultry manure are relatively mature, but materials such as mushroom residue and crop straw are mainly treated by incineration, which not only wastes resources but also has a negative impact on the surrounding environment and groundwater. Therefore, mushroom residue and crop straw are often composted to improve resource utilization. For example, the patent with authorization announcement number CN101817701B describes the use of a ventilation pipe with valves, which can achieve both timely aeration and timely recovery of leachate.

[0003] However, when using this method, whether under its own weight or with the blower operating under negative pressure, the probability of clogging the air vents is greatly increased when the leachate carrying solids through the air vents. While ensuring the aeration range, a simple separation of the aeration and leachate recovery channels, along with a separately designed control system to regulate the opening and closing of the two channels, results in a complex structure and high cost. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, embodiments of the present invention provide an apparatus suitable for the rapid composting of agricultural solid organic waste, so as to solve the above problems.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a device suitable for the rapid composting of agricultural solid organic waste, the device comprising: a composting body, including a base and compost, the base being placed on the ground and compost being piled inside the base; a pipeline network, including an input pipe, an aeration pipe, an output pipe, an aeration nozzle, and an anti-clogging unit, wherein the input pipe and the output pipe are respectively inserted into the side of the compost, and the input pipe and the output pipe are connected by the aeration pipe, the aeration pipe being connected by the anti-clogging unit and the aeration nozzle with a built-in one-way valve, the anti-clogging unit including a transition shell, a wind pressure plate, and... The liquid collection port and aeration pipe are connected to the aeration nozzle through a transition shell. A pressure plate is slidably connected inside the transition shell. The liquid collection port is opened on the transition shell. When the pressure plate is lifted by the air pressure and moves upward and fits with the liquid collection port during aeration, the liquid collection port closes. The control body includes a blower, a sensor group, a PLC control module, and an electrically controlled valve. The blower is connected to the input pipe. The sensor group is buried inside the compost. The electrically controlled valve is installed in the output pipe. The PLC control module is used to control the start and stop of the blower and the opening and closing of the electrically controlled valve according to the data uploaded by the sensor group.

[0006] In a preferred embodiment, a top head is fixedly connected to the air pressure plate, and the liquid collection port is located on the moving path of the top head.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment, an extension tube is fixedly connected to the transition shell, the extension tube is vertically upward, and an aeration nozzle is provided on the top or side wall of the extension tube.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, the wind pressure plate is shaped as an upwardly convex hemisphere, with the top fixed at the highest point of the wind pressure plate.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the compost pile further includes a geomembrane, which is laid between the base and the compost. The base has a U-shaped cross-section, and the geomembrane is installed in close contact with the bottom surface and four walls of the base.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the geomembrane includes an upper part and a lower part, the upper part being an upwardly convex arch shape and the lower part being a downwardly concave V shape.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the outer wall of the aeration pipe is tangential to the inclined surface of the lower part of the membrane, and a plurality of overflow grooves are formed on the outer wall of the aeration pipe.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the sensor group includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an oxygen sensor, and a pH sensor, all of which are electrically connected to the PLC control module. All four sensors are buried in the middle and lower part of the compost. When the temperature sensor detects for the first time that the temperature inside the compost has risen to a preset temperature value, the PLC control module controls the blower to blow air into the compost.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, when aeration is performed, the PLC control module controls the electrically controlled valve to close; when drainage is performed, the PLC control module controls the electrically controlled valve to open.

[0014] The technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows:

[0015] By setting up an additional anti-clogging unit, the aeration nozzles used for external aeration and the anti-clogging unit for leachate recovery are set up separately, reducing the probability of the aeration nozzles becoming clogged due to leachate recovery. The air pressure plate in the anti-clogging unit is automatically adjusted according to the wind pressure and automatically closes during aeration, allowing air to be aerated through the aeration nozzles along the expected route. No additional control system design is required, making it easier to use. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings are provided to further understand the technical solutions of the present invention and constitute a part of the present invention. The embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of an apparatus for the rapid composting of agricultural solid organic waste according to the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the pipeline network in this invention.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the anti-blocking unit in this invention.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation positions of the aeration nozzle and extension pipe in this invention.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation positions of the aeration pipe and the lower part of the membrane in this invention.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a diagram showing the location of the overflow channel in this invention.

[0023] The attached diagram is labeled as follows: 1. Composting body; 11. Base; 12. Compost; 13. Geomembrane; 131. Upper part of membrane; 132. Lower part of membrane; 14. Collection tank; 2. Pipeline network; 21. Input pipe; 22. Aeration pipe; 23. Output pipe; 24. Aeration nozzle; 25. Anti-clogging unit; 251. Transition shell; 252. Air pressure plate; 253. Liquid collection port; 254. Top head; 255. Extension pipe; 26. Overflow trough; 3. Control body; 31. Fan; 32. Sensor group; 33. PLC control module; 34. Electrically controlled valve. Detailed Implementation

[0024] Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein; rather, they are provided so that the description of this disclosure will be more complete and fully convey the concept of the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art. The drawings are merely illustrative of this disclosure and are not necessarily drawn to scale. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar parts, and therefore repeated descriptions of them will be omitted.

[0025] Furthermore, the described features, structures, or characteristics can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more exemplary embodiments. Numerous specific details are provided in the following description to give a full understanding of exemplary embodiments of this disclosure. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that the technical solutions of this disclosure can be practiced with one or more of the specific details omitted, or other methods, components, steps, etc., can be employed. In other instances, well-known structures, methods, implementations, or operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring various aspects of this disclosure.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] The present invention provides a device for the rapid composting of agricultural solid organic waste, comprising a stacking body 1, a pipeline network 2, and a control body 3.

[0028] The composting body 1 includes a base 11 placed in a dedicated composting area. The base 11 can be made of concrete or rammed sand. The base 11 can be made into a platform shape 30cm above the ground or into a concave shape. A certain volume of compost 12 is piled on the base 11. The compost 12 is piled in a frustum shape with a smaller top and a larger bottom to improve stability.

[0029] The function of the pipeline network 2 includes both introducing air into the compost 12 and discharging leachate from the compost 12 to the outside. Specifically, it includes an inlet pipe 21, an aeration pipe 22, and an outlet pipe 23. The inlet pipe 21 and the outlet pipe 23 are respectively inserted on both sides of the compost 12. The inlet pipe 21 introduces outside air into the aeration pipe 22, and then aerates it upwards through the aeration nozzles 24 installed on the aeration pipe 22. The leachate falls into the aeration pipe 22 from the anti-clogging unit 25 installed on the aeration pipe 22, and then is discharged to the outside through the outlet pipe 23. All of the above pipelines are made of 1.6 MPa PE pipe.

[0030] The control unit 3 can improve the intelligence of the entire device through intelligent and automated control. It includes a fan 31, a sensor group 32, a PLC control module 33, and an electrically controlled valve 34. The fan 31 is connected to the input pipe 21, and the electrically controlled valve 34 is installed inside the output pipe 23. The sensor group 32 includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an air sensor, and a pH sensor. All four sensors are embedded inside the compost 12. After connecting the sensor group 32 and the PLC control module 33, the PLC control module 33 can receive data uploaded by the four sensors in real time. Generally, the composting environment of the compost 12 is controlled at:

[0031] The temperature range of the reactor body is 5-70℃, the humidity range is 0-99%RH, and the oxygen content range is 0-30vol.

[0032] When the temperature sensor first detects that the temperature inside compost 12 has risen to 70℃, the PLC control module 33 controls the blower 31 to aerate. At this time, the blower 31 turns on, the electrically controlled valve 34 closes, and the blower 31 sprays all the air input into the pipeline network 2 through the aeration nozzle 24 to achieve the aeration purpose. During the entire composting process, the leachate produced by compost 12 flows downward through the anti-clogging unit 25 under its own gravity and finally enters the aeration pipe 22. During the non-aeration period, the electrically controlled valve 34 is opened, allowing all the leachate in the aeration pipe 22 to be discharged through the output pipe 23 into the collection tank 14 connected to the output pipe 23, awaiting further recycling and processing.

[0033] It is understood that 70℃ is just an example here. For different composting materials, different preset temperature values ​​can be set in the PLC control module 33 to adjust the aeration time of the blower 31.

[0034] The design of this device takes into account the following relationship between aeration time and temperature within composting chamber 12:

[0035] Table 1

[0036]

[0037] It is easy to see that choosing to perform aeration treatment for 1 hour every 24 hours can effectively control the temperature of the compost at a high level during the 15-day composting period.

[0038] The composting effect is influenced by temperature. Higher temperatures promote the growth and reproduction of various microorganisms in the fermentation agent, accelerating compost maturation. The optimal growth and reproduction temperature for microorganisms is between 30-60℃, with the most suitable temperature for medium- and low-temperature microorganisms being 30-40℃, and for high-temperature microorganisms, 50-60℃. Above 65℃, microorganisms begin to transition from a vigorous nutritional state to a dormant state, producing spores or other endospores; non-spore-producing microorganisms begin to die.

[0039] Therefore, this device is designed to be ventilated for 1 hour per day to promote composting.

[0040] To address the issue of leachate clogging during the recovery process, this embodiment uses an aeration nozzle 24 with a one-way valve and an anti-clogging unit 25 together. This allows the aeration nozzle 24 to aerate only from the inside out, while the anti-clogging unit 25 collects leachate only from the outside in, thus separating the movement direction of the substances and reducing the probability of clogging of the aeration nozzle 24, which is specifically designed for aeration.

[0041] Specifically, the anti-clogging unit 25 can be set as an inlet with a one-way valve, through which leachate can only enter the aeration pipe 22 from the compost 12. However, this method results in low leachate recovery efficiency, relying solely on the gravity of the leachate to absorb it. Furthermore, the leachate carrying solids into the inlet will still cause blockage, affecting the subsequent recycling and use of the leachate.

[0042] Therefore, by designing the anti-clogging unit 25 as a self-adjusting mechanism that can open and close in a timely manner according to the wind pressure direction, the probability of clogging of the anti-clogging unit 25 is reduced. Specifically, the anti-clogging unit 25 includes a transition shell 251, a wind pressure plate 252, a liquid collection port 253, a top head 254, and an extension pipe 255. The transition shell 251 serves as a connector to connect the aeration pipe 22 and the aeration nozzle 24. Several wind pressure plates 252 are elastically slidably connected to the inner wall of the aeration pipe 22. Preferably, the several wind pressure plates 252 are evenly arranged in a circular pattern on the inner side of the transition shell 251. Several liquid collection ports 253 are opened on the end face of the transition shell 251 at positions corresponding to the wind pressure plates 252. The area of ​​the liquid collection port 253 is smaller than the area of ​​the transition shell 251. When the transition shell 251 moves upward, it can just cover the liquid collection port 253 to prevent air from escaping from the liquid collection port 253. In this design, the blower 31 blows air into the aeration pipe 22. Because the electrically controlled valve 34 is closed at this time, air can only be aerated from the aeration nozzle 24 and the liquid collection port 253. Since the diameter of the aeration nozzle 24 is fixed, when the volume of air blown by the blower 31 exceeds the aeration capacity of the aeration nozzle 24 and the liquid collection port 253, the curved airflow channel of the liquid collection port 253 is further obstructed. The gas inside the aeration pipe 22 will act on the pressure plate 252, forcing the pressure plate 252 to move upwards, thus... The air pressure plate 252 can close the liquid collection port 253. At this time, air is only aerated from the aeration nozzle 24. Preferably, the aeration nozzle 24 is installed on the extension pipe 255. The extension pipe 255 is vertically fixed to the transition shell 251. The extension pipe 255 can extend its length according to the required aeration area. Multiple aeration nozzles 24 are installed on the side of the extension pipe 255. During aeration, a radial aeration pattern can be achieved with the extension pipe 255 as the central axis, resulting in higher aeration efficiency.

[0043] Furthermore, if the blower 31 operates under negative pressure, it can draw leachate from the compost 12 into the aeration pipe 22 through the liquid collection port 253. After a few seconds, the blower 31 is switched to the blowing mode to blow the drawn leachate to one end of the aeration pipe 22. This process is repeated, which can prevent leachate from being drawn into the blower 31 and improve the leachate recovery efficiency.

[0044] The air pressure plate 252 is designed as a hemispherical shape, and a top head 254 is welded to the highest point of the air pressure plate 252. The top head 254 is columnar or conical. During the up and down movement of the air pressure plate 252, if there is solid blocking the liquid collection port 253, it will be pushed open by the top head 254, reducing the probability of leachate carrying solids and blocking the liquid collection port 253.

[0045] Generally speaking, if the area of ​​compost 12 and the power of blower 31 are fixed, then setting a certain number of aeration nozzles 24 on a suitable area can meet the aeration requirements. If too many aeration nozzles 24 are set, it will cause pressure and flow splitting, reducing the height of the airflow aerated from the aeration nozzles 24. Through experiments, the following relationship was found between the number of aeration nozzles 24 and the height of the airflow ejected from the aeration nozzles 24 in this embodiment:

[0046] Table 2

[0047] Spacing cm Blowing height (cm) 20 10-25 30 40-50 40 50-60 60 80-90

[0048] According to Table 2, the appropriate spacing of the aeration nozzles 24 can be selected based on the height of the compost pile 12. For example, when the height of the compost pile 12 is in the range of 40cm-50cm, several aeration nozzles 24 can be arranged at a spacing of 30cm to achieve efficient aeration.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] Based on the above embodiments, a geomembrane 13 is laid between the base 11 and the compost 12. The geomembrane 13 includes an alternating upper part 131 and a lower part 132. The upper part 131 is designed as an upwardly protruding arc shape. The leachate dripping onto the upper part 131 will enter the lower part 132 on both sides along the upper part 131. The lower part 132 is designed as a V-shape, which is conducive to the collection of leachate in the lower part 132. In terms of the layout of the base 11, it is preferred to be concave, and the geomembrane 13 is laid in the concave surface of the base 11. The bottom of the base 11 is excavated into a shape that fits the geomembrane 13 and is set in a form where one side is high and the other side is low. The high side is close to the blower 31, and the low side is connected to the output pipe 23, which is conducive to the discharge of leachate into the collection pool 14. It should be noted that the electrically controlled valve 34 is located on the outside of the base 11. When the electrically controlled valve 34 is closed, neither the leachate in the aeration pipe 22 nor the leachate in the lower membrane 132 will be discharged outward.

[0051] Furthermore, placing the aeration pipe 22 inside the membrane lower part 132, with the outer side of the aeration pipe 22 tangent to the inclined surface of the membrane lower part 132, can improve the stability of the aeration pipe 22 placement. In addition, several overflow grooves 26 are opened on the outer wall of the aeration pipe 22, which facilitates the leachate to drip through the overflow grooves 26 to the bottom of the membrane lower part 132.

[0052] The above design can improve the stability of the aeration pipe 22 in its layout position, and also improve the efficiency of the entire stack 1 and pipeline network 2 in discharging leachate.

[0053] The foregoing has only described certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention by way of illustration. Undoubtedly, those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the foregoing drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

[0054] Finally, the following points should be noted: First, in the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection", and "linkage" should be interpreted broadly, and can be mechanical or electrical connections, or internal connections between two components, or direct connections. "Up", "down", "left", "right", etc. are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may change.

[0055] Secondly: The accompanying drawings of the embodiments disclosed in this invention only involve the structures involved in the embodiments disclosed in this invention. Other structures can refer to the general design. In the absence of conflict, the same embodiment and different embodiments of this invention can be combined with each other.

[0056] In conclusion, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device suitable for the rapid composting of agricultural solid organic waste, characterized in that: The device includes: The composting body (1) includes a base (11) and compost (12). The base (11) is placed on the ground and compost (12) is piled inside the base (11). The pipeline network (2) includes an input pipe (21), an aeration pipe (22), an output pipe (23), an aeration nozzle (24), and an anti-clogging unit (25). The input pipe (21) and the output pipe (23) are respectively inserted into the side of the compost (12). The input pipe (21) and the output pipe (23) are connected by the aeration pipe (22). The aeration pipe (22) is connected to the aeration nozzle (24) with a built-in one-way valve through the anti-clogging unit (25). The device includes a transition shell (251), a pressure plate (252), and a liquid collection port (253). The aeration pipe (22) is connected to the aeration nozzle (24) through the transition shell (251). The pressure plate (252) is slidably connected inside the transition shell (251). The liquid collection port (253) is opened on the transition shell (251). When the pressure plate (252) is lifted by the air pressure and moves upward and fits with the liquid collection port (253) during aeration, the liquid collection port (253) closes. The control unit (3) includes a fan (31), a sensor group (32), a PLC control module (33), and an electrically controlled valve (34). The fan (31) is connected to the input pipe (21), the sensor group (32) is buried inside the compost (12), and the electrically controlled valve (34) is installed in the output pipe (23). The PLC control module (33) is used to control the start and stop of the fan (31) and the opening and closing of the electrically controlled valve (34) according to the data uploaded by the sensor group (32). A top head (254) is fixedly connected to the air pressure plate (252), and the liquid receiving port (253) is located on the moving path of the top head (254); The shape of the wind pressure plate (252) is an upwardly convex hemispherical surface, and the top (254) is fixed at the highest point of the wind pressure plate (252); The pile body (1) also includes a geomembrane (13), which is laid between the base (11) and the compost (12). The cross-sectional shape of the base (11) is "U". The geomembrane (13) is set close to the bottom surface and four walls of the base (11). The geomembrane (13) includes an upper part (131) and a lower part (132). The upper part (131) is an upwardly convex arch, and the lower part (132) is a downwardly concave V-shape.

2. The device for rapid composting of agricultural solid organic waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: An extension tube (255) is fixedly connected to the transition shell (251). The extension tube (255) is set vertically upward, and an aeration nozzle (24) is provided on the top or side wall of the extension tube (255).

3. The device for rapid composting of agricultural solid organic waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall of the aeration pipe (22) is tangential to the inclined surface of the lower membrane (132), and several overflow grooves (26) are provided on the outer wall of the aeration pipe (22).

4. The device for rapid composting of agricultural solid organic waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensor group (32) includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an oxygen sensor and a pH sensor, all of which are electrically connected to the PLC control module (33). All four sensors are buried in the middle and lower part of the compost (12). When the temperature sensor detects for the first time that the temperature inside the compost (12) rises to the preset temperature value, the PLC control module (33) controls the blower (31) to blow air into the compost (12).

5. A device for rapid composting of agricultural solid organic waste according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: When aeration is performed, the PLC control module (33) controls the electrically controlled valve (34) to close. When drainage is performed, the PLC control module (33) controls the electrically controlled valve (34) to open.

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