Superheating control type ammonia fuel supply system based on fuel activity design

Abstract

The application aims to provide a superheat control type ammonia fuel supply system based on fuel activity design, belonging to the field of fuel supply, comprising a liquid ammonia common rail type supply system, a diesel common rail type supply system, a fuel injection device, a superheat control unit and other components of an engine. Hydroxyl-rich gas is used as a combustion-supporting agent instead of pure hydrogen fuel. The safety of the system is ensured, the dynamic thermal management characteristics during engine operation are fully considered, ammonia fuel superheat control is performed, and the direct control form of the sleeve type valve rod strong magnetic force electromagnetic actuator is adopted for the ammonia fuel injection of the application, realizing high response and precise injection of the double fluid mixed gas. The electromagnetic actuator structure of the multi-hole valve rod is adopted to realize the rapid response of the control valve and the separation of the servo oil circuit and the supply oil circuit; the new valve rod structure is adopted to reduce the weight of the valve and the electromagnetic force demand, improve the response performance, and fundamentally avoid the cavitation problem caused by the traditional control valve structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a fuel supply system, specifically an ammonia fuel supply system. Background Technology

[0002] Ammonia fuel, as one of the zero-carbon alternative fuels, has a mature supply chain and is a major low-carbon alternative energy source, possessing advantages such as high anti-knock properties and carbon-free combustion. However, there are currently no mature ammonia fuel-powered systems under development. The fuel injection system is the core of an engine; therefore, the development of novel low-carbon fuel injection systems is crucial. Furthermore, the inherent properties of ammonia fuel can be addressed through the integration of multiple fuel activities. Hydrogen, containing abundant hydrogen (H), is not only a globally recognized important choice for future clean energy but also a primary fuel for enhancing the activity of ammonia fuel. Current research on hydrogen mainly focuses on fuel cells, and hydrogen storage is extremely difficult, with poor stability and high risks. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a safe, reliable, and efficient superheat-controlled ammonia fuel supply system based on fuel activity design, which uses ammonia as fuel.

[0004] The objective of this invention is achieved as follows:

[0005] This invention relates to a superheated controlled ammonia fuel supply system based on fuel activity design. Its features include: a liquid ammonia storage tank, a fuel tank, a hydroxyl-rich gas tank, a liquid ammonia common rail, a diesel common rail, and a liquid ammonia / diesel dual-fuel injector. Liquid ammonia is delivered from the liquid ammonia storage tank via a liquid ammonia supply pump, a first heat exchanger, and a first sensor to the liquid ammonia common rail for storage. Diesel fuel enters the diesel common rail from the fuel tank for storage. The liquid ammonia common rail, diesel common rail, and hydroxyl-rich gas tank are connected to the liquid ammonia / diesel dual-fuel injector. One exhaust gas path leads to a first three-way valve, which is connected to a first and a fourth heat exchanger. The first heat exchanger is located between the liquid ammonia storage tank and the liquid ammonia common rail. The fourth heat exchanger is connected to a third heat exchanger. Another exhaust gas path leads to a second three-way valve, which is connected to a second heat exchanger and a turbocharger. The second heat exchanger performs superheated control on the hydroxyl-rich gas. The exhaust gas from the turbocharger enters the third heat exchanger, completing the first preheating of the ammonia.

[0006] The present invention may also include:

[0007] 1. The liquid ammonia diesel dual-fuel injector includes, from top to bottom, an oil inlet fastening cap, a pressure accumulator wall, a liquid ammonia supply control module, a liquid ammonia injection control module, and a dual-fluid injection module. The oil inlet fastening cap is equipped with a servo oil inlet. The pressure accumulator wall is equipped with a servo oil pressure accumulator, a liquid ammonia pressure accumulator, and an injector ammonia inlet. The servo oil pressure accumulator is connected to the servo oil inlet, and the liquid ammonia pressure accumulator is connected to the injector ammonia inlet.

[0008] The liquid ammonia supply control module includes an upper supply valve block, a lower supply valve block, a supply electromagnet, a supply armature, an oil inlet slide rod, a needle valve body, and a multi-hole control valve stem. The upper supply valve block is installed between the accumulator wall and the lower supply valve block. The supply electromagnet is located inside the accumulator wall, and the supply armature is located inside the upper supply valve block. A multi-hole control valve stem is located below the supply armature. The oil inlet slide rod passes sequentially through the supply electromagnet, the supply armature, and the multi-hole control valve stem. The oil inlet slide rod is hollow, and an oil inlet is provided inside the accumulator wall. The oil inlet connects to the servo oil accumulator chamber and the oil inlet slide rod, respectively. The multi-hole control valve stem contains... The system includes an oil inlet hole (No. 1), an oil inlet hole (No. 2), an oil inlet hole (No. 3), an oil outlet hole (No. 1), and an oil outlet hole (No. 2). The No. 1 oil inlet hole is connected to the oil inlet slide rod, the No. 2 oil inlet hole is connected to the No. 3 oil outlet hole, and the No. 3 oil inlet hole is connected to the No. 1 oil outlet hole. A release spring is installed in the supply electromagnet and is sleeved on the outside of the oil inlet slide rod. The needle valve body is installed in the supply lower valve block. A needle valve control chamber is formed between the needle valve body and the multi-hole control valve rod above it. A needle valve spring is installed in the needle valve control chamber. The lower end of the needle valve body forms a supply control chamber, which is connected to the liquid ammonia accumulator chamber.

[0009] 2. The liquid ammonia injection control module includes an upper injection valve block, a lower injection valve block, a powerful electromagnet, an injection armature, an ammonia inlet slide rod, a sleeve-type ammonia inlet control valve rod, and an ammonia inlet block. The upper and lower injection valve blocks are arranged from top to bottom. The powerful electromagnet is installed in the upper injection valve block, and the injection armature and the ammonia inlet block are installed in the lower injection valve block. An injection coil is installed in the powerful electromagnet. The ammonia inlet slide rod passes through the powerful electromagnet and the injection armature in sequence and enters the ammonia inlet block. The middle part of the ammonia inlet slide rod is a hollow ammonia inlet. A sleeve-type ammonia inlet control valve rod is sleeved on the outside of the ammonia inlet slide rod located below the powerful electromagnet. A compression-type return spring is sleeved on the outside of the sleeve-type ammonia inlet control valve rod between the injection armature and the ammonia inlet block. The ammonia inlet block is provided with an ammonia storage chamber, a first ammonia outlet hole, and a second ammonia outlet hole. The first ammonia outlet hole is connected to the ammonia inlet and the ammonia storage chamber, and the second ammonia outlet hole is connected to the ammonia inlet and the ammonia storage chamber, respectively.

[0010] 3. The dual-fluid injection module includes a nozzle body and an inner conical annular valve stem. The inner conical annular valve stem is installed inside the nozzle body. The inner conical annular valve stem and the nozzle body form a mixing chamber. The liquid ammonia supply control module is provided with a hydroxyl-rich gas inlet. The mixing chamber is connected to the hydroxyl-rich gas inlet and the ammonia inlet.

[0011] 4. The hydroxyl-rich gas inlet is connected to a variable intake control connector structure. The variable intake control connector structure includes a housing and a valve body. The valve body is installed in the housing and has an intake passage. The intake passage has an intake branch one and an intake branch two. Intake branch one is connected to intake valve number one, and intake branch two is connected to intake valve number two.

[0012] 5. When the servo oil enters the liquid ammonia supply control module through the servo oil accumulator chamber, it enters the solenoid valve oil circuit through the inlet. When the solenoid valve is not energized, the servo oil enters the multi-hole control valve stem through the outlet of the inlet slide rod, and then enters the control valve stem through its No. 1, No. 2, and No. 3 inlets. The oil then fills the needle valve control chamber through the No. 1 and No. 2 outlets of the control valve stem. At this time, the oil pressure in the needle valve control chamber increases, and the pressure exerted by the needle valve spring on the needle valve body is equivalent to the pressure exerted on the needle valve body through the inclined surface at the lower end of the needle valve body. The needle valve remains stationary and does not supply liquid ammonia. When the solenoid valve is energized, the coil is connected... The electric current generates an electromagnetic force that acts on the armature, which is connected to the multi-hole control valve stem. Under the action of the electromagnetic force, the multi-hole control valve stem overcomes the elastic force of the release spring and moves upward. The first, second, and third oil inlets of the multi-hole control valve stem are disconnected from the oil outlet of the oil inlet slide rod and connected to the large-diameter return oil hole located in the injector body. The oil inlet and the servo oil in the needle valve control chamber are discharged through the first and second oil outlets of the control valve stem. The pressure in the needle valve control chamber decreases, and the pressure of the liquid ammonia in the oil supply control chamber acting on the needle valve body is greater than the resultant force of the pressure in the needle valve control chamber and the elastic force of the needle valve spring. The needle valve completes its upward movement, and the liquid ammonia supply process is completed.

[0013] 6. When liquid ammonia enters the liquid ammonia injection control module through the liquid ammonia supply control module, the liquid ammonia enters this module through the ammonia inlet, expands through the ammonia outlets No. 1 and No. 2, and is then sprayed out through the liquid ammonia nozzle. When the solenoid valve is not energized, the armature and the sleeve-type control valve stem remain stationary under the action of the compression return spring. The sleeve-type control valve stem is connected to the inner cone-type annular valve stem, which also remains stationary, maintaining a seal with the nozzle body. The liquid ammonia expands and is sprayed out through the liquid ammonia nozzle, entering the mixing chamber after expansion. The hydroxyl-rich gas in the cavity is mixed to form a two-fluid mixture. When the solenoid valve is energized, the coil is connected to the current, and the electromagnet generates an electromagnetic force that acts on the armature. The force acting on the armature is downward. The armature drives the sleeve-type control valve rod to move downward against the spring force of the compression return spring. The ammonia outlets No. 1 and No. 2 are disconnected from the sleeve-type control valve rod and the ammonia inlet block channel, stopping the supply of liquid ammonia. At the same time, the inner cone-shaped annular valve rod is pushed downward, separating from the nozzle body, and the two-fluid mixture is ejected, completing the two-fluid injection of a large flow of ammonia fuel.

[0014] The advantages of this invention are:

[0015] 1. This invention uses hydroxyl-rich gas to replace pure hydrogen fuel as a combustion aid, ensuring the combustion effect of ammonia fuel while taking into account system safety.

[0016] 2. This invention combines an engine test bench and fully considers the dynamic thermal management characteristics of the engine during operation to perform ammonia fuel overheat management. Based on the analysis of the latent heat characteristics of ammonia fuel, it maximizes the efficiency improvement of ammonia fuel engines.

[0017] 3. The ammonia fuel injection of the present invention adopts a direct control form of a strong magnetic electromagnetic actuator with a sleeve-type valve stem to achieve high-response and precise injection of the two-fluid mixture.

[0018] 4. This invention employs an electromagnetic actuator structure with a multi-hole valve stem, which makes the pressure at the upper end of the control chamber adjustable, thereby achieving rapid response of the control valve and separation of the servo oil circuit and the supply oil circuit.

[0019] 5. This invention uses a novel valve stem structure to replace the traditional control valve structure, thereby reducing the overall weight of the valve and the demand for electromagnetic force, and improving the response performance of the electromagnetic actuator. On the other hand, it differs from the traditional control valve in terms of structure, changing the pressure control method at both ends of the control valve, and fundamentally improving the response speed.

[0020] 6. This invention employs a hydroxyl-rich gas for dual-fluid injection, with a liquid ammonia injection module mixing the liquid ammonia with the gas and injecting it into the cylinder, thereby achieving high-flow-rate injection of ammonia fuel. The hydroxyl-rich gas also aids combustion, ensuring proper combustion.

[0021] 7. The hydroxyl-rich gas during the injection process facilitates thermal management design during the supply process, enabling ammonia fuel to be revitalized and mitigating the negative impact of the high latent heat of vaporization of ammonia fuel. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of an ammonia fuel injector.

[0024] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the liquid ammonia supply control module;

[0025] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a multi-hole control valve stem structure;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the liquid ammonia injection control module.

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the dual-fluid jet module structure;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the variable intake control connector structure;

[0029] Figure 8This is an assembly diagram for assembling the variable intake joint.

[0030] Figure reference numerals: 1. Liquid ammonia storage tank; 2. Liquid ammonia supply pump; 3. No. 1 three-way valve; 4. No. 1 heat exchanger; 5. No. 1 sensor; 6. Diesel common rail; 7. Liquid ammonia common rail; 8. Liquid ammonia pipe; 9. Liquid ammonia and diesel dual-fuel injector; 10. Cooling water pump; 11. Cooling water radiator; 12. Lubricating oil radiator; 13. Lubricating oil pump; 14. Lubricating oil tank; 15. Water tank; 16. No. 2 three-way valve; 17. No. 2 heat exchanger; 18. Hydroxyl gas tank; 19. Intercooler; 20. Exhaust gas turbocharger; 21. No. 3 heat exchanger; 22. No. 4 heat exchanger; 23. Expansion valve; 24. Oil tank; 25. Aftertreatment device; 26. Injector ammonia inlet; 27. Liquid ammonia accumulator chamber; 28. Oil inlet fastening cap; 29. ​​Servo oil inlet; 30. Servo oil accumulator chamber; 31. Liquid ammonia supply control module; 32. Hydroxyl gas inlet; 33. Liquid ammonia injection control module; 44. Dual-fluid injection module 34; Oil inlet; 35; Supply electromagnet; 36; Oil inlet slide bar; 37; Needle valve rod; 38; Supply control chamber; 39; Supply coil; 40; Supply armature; 41; Multi-hole control valve rod; 42; Needle valve control chamber; 43; Needle valve spring; 44; Relaxation return spring; 45; No. 1 oil inlet; 46; No. 2 oil inlet; 47; No. 3 oil inlet; 48; No. 1 oil outlet; 49; No. 2 oil outlet; 50; Strong magnetic electromagnet; 51; Spray 52. Radiation ring; 53. Injection armature; 54. No. 1 ammonia outlet; 55. Liquid ammonia nozzle; 56. Ammonia inlet slide bar; 57. Sleeve-type ammonia inlet control valve stem; 58. Compression-type return spring; 59. No. 2 ammonia outlet; 60. Ammonia inlet block; 61. Ammonia storage chamber; 62. Ammonia inlet port; 63. Inner cone annular valve stem; 64. Mixing chamber; 65. No. 1 air inlet valve; 66. No. 2 air inlet valve; 67. Air inlet passage; 68. Outer shell; 70. Valve body. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0032] Combination Figure 1-8 , Figure 1 The diagram shows the overall structure of the present invention. The superheated controlled ammonia fuel supply system based on fuel activity design includes a liquid ammonia storage tank 1, a liquid ammonia supply pump 2, a first three-way valve 3, a first heat exchanger 4, a first sensor 5, a diesel common rail 6, a liquid ammonia common rail 7, a liquid ammonia pipe 8, a liquid ammonia-diesel dual-fuel injection device 9, a cooling water pump 10, a cooling water radiator 11, a lubricating oil radiator 12, a lubricating oil pump 13, a lubricating oil tank 14, a water tank 15, a second three-way valve 16, a second heat exchanger 17, a hydroxyl-rich gas tank 18, an intercooler 19, an exhaust gas turbocharger 20, a third heat exchanger 21, a fourth heat exchanger 22, an expansion valve 23, an oil tank 24, and an aftertreatment device 25.

[0033] Figure 2This is an integrated ammonia fuel injector based on hydroxyl-rich combustion, comprising an ammonia inlet 26, an oil inlet fastening cap 28, and a servo oil inlet 29. The injector body, from top to bottom, includes a servo oil accumulator chamber 30, a liquid ammonia accumulator chamber 27, and a liquid ammonia supply control module 31. The liquid ammonia supply control module includes an electromagnetic actuator and a needle valve control assembly, a hydroxyl-rich gas inlet 32 ​​and an inlet pipeline, and a liquid ammonia injection control module 33. The liquid ammonia injection control module includes a strong magnetic electromagnetic actuator and a liquid ammonia injection assembly, and a dual-fluid injection module 34.

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the liquid ammonia supply control module, which includes an electromagnetic actuator and a supply assembly. The electromagnetic actuator includes an upper oil inlet 35, an electromagnet 36, an oil inlet slide rod 37, a needle valve rod 38, a supply control chamber 39, a coil 40, an armature 41, a multi-hole control valve rod 42, a needle valve control chamber 43, a needle valve spring 44, and a release spring 45. This design allows for the separation of the liquid ammonia supply circuit from the servo control oil circuit.

[0035] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the multi-hole control valve stem structure for the liquid ammonia supply control module, including No. 1 oil inlet 46, No. 2 oil inlet 47, No. 3 oil inlet 48, No. 1 oil outlet 49, and No. 2 oil outlet 50.

[0036] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the liquid ammonia injection control module, which includes a strong magnetic electromagnet 51, a coil 52, an armature 53, a first ammonia outlet 54, a liquid ammonia nozzle 55, an ammonia inlet slide rod 56, a sleeve-type ammonia inlet control valve rod 57, a compression-type return spring 58, a second ammonia outlet 59, an ammonia inlet block 60, an ammonia storage chamber 61, and an ammonia inlet 62.

[0037] Figure 6 The diagram shows the structure of the dual-fluid injection module, which includes an inner cone-shaped annular valve stem 63, a mixing chamber 64, and a nozzle body 65. This structure ensures sealing while giving the injector the advantage of variable annular opening, allowing the fuel and air to mix fully and promote complete combustion.

[0038] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a variable intake control connector, which consists of a first intake valve 66, a second intake valve 67, an intake passage 68, a valve body 69, and a housing 70. This structure can be used with commonly used electromagnetic actuators to control the two intake valves, thereby completing the intake control.

[0039] The specific working process is as follows:

[0040] Liquid ammonia is stored in the liquid ammonia common rail 7 via liquid ammonia storage tank 1, liquid ammonia supply pump 2, heat exchanger 3, and sensor 5. Diesel fuel is stored in the diesel common rail 6 via fuel tank 24. When the fuel injection system needs to inject fuel, liquid ammonia and diesel fuel are injected into the fuel injection system 9 via the liquid ammonia common rail 7 and diesel common rail 6, through the liquid ammonia pipe 8 and the fuel pipe.

[0041] Regarding the operation of the overheat control unit, after the engine bench is running, the high-temperature exhaust gas passes through the No. 1 three-way valve 3, where it can be thermally controlled by the liquid ammonia via the No. 1 heat exchanger 4. Alternatively, it can enter the No. 4 heat exchanger 22 for secondary overheating after the initial waste heat from the No. 3 heat exchanger 21, ensuring that the ammonia temperature meets the application conditions of the aftertreatment device. Subsequently, this exhaust gas passes through the expansion valve 23 for expansion and aftertreatment. Another exhaust gas passes through the No. 2 three-way valve 16, where it can be overheated by the hydroxyl-rich gas via the No. 2 heat exchanger 17. This, combined with the ammonia fuel injector and connector assembly, enables precise temperature control and thermal management. Alternatively, it can pass through the exhaust gas turbocharger 20 and then enter the No. 3 heat exchanger 21 for initial preheating of the ammonia. Combined with the utilization of engine waste heat, this improves overall energy efficiency.

[0042] After entering the fuel injection device 9, diesel fuel is injected via an electronically controlled injector, while ammonia fuel is supplied in liquid form and injected in a two-fluid manner with hydroxyl-rich gas through an ammonia fuel injector. The ammonia fuel injector in this invention is a design specific to this invention, and its operation is as follows: Liquid ammonia fuel enters the accumulator chamber 27 through a one-way ammonia inlet 26, which acts as a pressure stabilizer. Because ammonia fuel has a low calorific value, a large quantity of liquid ammonia is required, and stable supply pressure is crucial for the injection of liquid ammonia. After entering the accumulator chamber 27, the liquid ammonia is supplied downwards via the ammonia inlet path. Figure 2 It can be seen that the liquid ammonia then enters the supply control chamber 39 to await entry into the liquid ammonia injection control module 33. The control oil of the liquid ammonia supply control module 31 enters the servo oil accumulator chamber 30 of the fuel injector through the servo oil inlet 29, and then enters the liquid ammonia supply control module 31. After entering the liquid ammonia injection control module 33, the liquid ammonia is... Figure 4 It can be seen that the ammonia enters the dual-fluid injection module 34 through the ammonia storage chamber 61 and the liquid ammonia nozzle 55 to complete the injection.

[0043] The specific working principle of the spraying process is as follows:

[0044] Hydroxyl-rich gas enters the injector through the hydroxyl-rich gas inlet 32, which is a one-way inlet and acts as a one-way valve. When the supply pressure of the hydroxyl-rich gas exceeds the spring preload of the one-way valve, the cone valve opens against the spring force, allowing the hydroxyl-rich gas to enter the injector. When the pressure at the one-way inlet is low, the cone valve closes, also sealing the hydroxyl-rich gas within the system. After entering the injector, the hydroxyl-rich gas passes through the inlet channel into the mixing chamber 64 for storage.

[0045] When the servo oil enters the liquid ammonia supply control module 31 through the servo oil accumulator 30, it enters the solenoid valve oil circuit through the oil inlet 35. When the solenoid valve is not energized, the servo oil enters the multi-hole control valve stem 42 through the oil outlet of the oil inlet slide 37, and then enters the control valve stem through its first oil inlet 46, second oil inlet 47, and third oil inlet 48. Finally, it fills the needle valve control chamber 43 with oil through the first oil outlet 49 and second oil outlet 50. At this time, the oil pressure in the needle valve control chamber 43 increases, and the needle valve spring 44 acts on the needle valve body 38, which is equivalent to the pressure exerted on the needle valve body 38 by the inclined surface at the lower end of the needle valve body 38, which supplies the control chamber 39. At this time, the needle valve remains stationary and does not supply liquid ammonia. When the solenoid valve is energized, the coil 36 is connected to the current, generating an electromagnetic force that acts on the armature 41. The armature 41 is connected to the multi-hole control valve stem 42. Under the action of the electromagnetic force, the multi-hole control valve stem overcomes the elastic force of the relaxation return spring 45 and moves upward. At this time, the first oil inlet hole 46, the second oil inlet hole 47, and the third oil inlet hole 48 of the multi-hole control valve stem are disconnected from the oil outlet hole of the oil inlet slide rod and connected to the large-diameter return oil hole located in the injector body. At this time, the oil inlet and the servo oil in the needle valve control chamber 43 are quickly discharged through the first oil outlet hole 49 and the second oil outlet hole 50 of the control valve stem. The pressure in the needle valve control chamber 43 decreases. At this time, the pressure of the liquid ammonia in the oil supply control chamber 39 acting on the needle valve body 38 is greater than the resultant force of the pressure in the needle valve control chamber and the elastic force of the needle valve spring. The needle valve completes the upward movement, and the liquid ammonia supply process is completed.

[0046] When liquid ammonia enters the liquid ammonia injection control module 34 through the liquid ammonia supply control module 31, it enters this module through the ammonia inlet 62, expands through the ammonia outlet 54 and the ammonia outlet 59 into the ammonia storage chamber 61 within the ammonia inlet block 60, and is then ejected through the liquid ammonia nozzle 55. When the solenoid valve is not energized, the armature 53 and the sleeve-type control valve stem 57 remain stationary under the action of the compression return spring 58. The sleeve-type control valve stem 57 is connected to the inner cone-type annular valve stem 63, which also remains stationary and sealed with the nozzle body 65. The liquid ammonia expands and is ejected through the liquid ammonia nozzle 65. After expansion, the liquid ammonia enters the mixing chamber 64 and mixes with the hydroxyl-rich gas in the mixing chamber 64 to form a two-fluid mixture. When the solenoid valve is energized, current flows into coil 52, and electromagnet 51 generates electromagnetic force acting on armature 53. The current flowing through here is in the opposite direction to the current mentioned earlier, so the force acting on armature 53 here is a downward thrust. Armature 53 drives sleeve-type control valve stem 57 to move downward against the spring force of compression-type return spring 58. At this time, the ammonia outlet 54 and ammonia outlet 59 are disconnected from the channels of sleeve-type control valve stem 57 and ammonia inlet block 57, stopping the supply of liquid ammonia. At the same time, it pushes the inner cone-type annular valve stem 63 to move downward and separate from the nozzle body 65, and the dual-fluid mixed gas is sprayed out, completing the dual-fluid injection of large-flow ammonia fuel.

[0047] After assembling the variable intake control connector, hydroxyl-rich gas intake control can be achieved, and thermal management design can be carried out for hydroxyl-rich gas. For example, dual intakes before the variable intake control connector can be used to perform different levels of thermal management and overheat control. The variable intake control connector can also be used to premix hydroxyl-rich gas mixtures under different thermal management levels.

[0048] As described above, firstly, this invention uses hydroxyl-rich gas instead of pure hydrogen fuel as a combustion aid, ensuring the combustion effect of ammonia fuel while also considering system safety. From a system perspective, this invention, combined with an engine test bench, fully considers the dynamic thermal management characteristics of the engine operation process, implementing ammonia fuel overheat management. Based on the latent heat characteristics of ammonia fuel, it maximizes the efficiency improvement of the ammonia fuel engine. Furthermore, regarding the ammonia fuel injector mentioned in this invention, ammonia fuel injection adopts a direct control form using a strong magnetic electromagnetic actuator with a sleeve-type valve stem, achieving high-response and precise injection of the two-fluid mixture. By adopting an electromagnetic actuator structure with a multi-hole valve stem, the pressure at the upper end of the control chamber is adjustable, enabling rapid response of the control valve and separation of the servo oil circuit and the supply oil circuit. Using a new valve stem structure instead of the traditional control valve structure reduces the overall weight of the valve components and the demand for electromagnetic force, improving the response performance of the electromagnetic actuator. On the other hand, it also fundamentally avoids the cavitation problem caused by the traditional control valve structure. Meanwhile, this invention employs a hydroxyl-rich gas for dual-fluid injection. A liquid ammonia injection module mixes the liquid ammonia with the gas and injects it into the cylinder, achieving high-flow-rate ammonia fuel injection. The hydroxyl-rich gas aids combustion, ensuring its effectiveness. The hydroxyl-rich gas used in the injection process facilitates thermal management design during supply, empowering the ammonia fuel and mitigating the negative impacts of its high latent heat of vaporization. This provides a feasible technical route for the application of ammonia and other zero-carbon fuels.

Claims

1. A superheated controlled ammonia fuel supply system based on fuel activity design, characterized by: The system includes a liquid ammonia storage tank (2), a fuel tank (24), a hydroxyl-rich gas tank (18), a liquid ammonia common rail (7), a diesel common rail (6), and a liquid ammonia-diesel dual-fuel injector (9). Liquid ammonia is supplied from the liquid ammonia storage tank (1) via a liquid ammonia supply pump (2), a first heat exchanger (3), and a first sensor (5) to the liquid ammonia common rail (7) for storage. Diesel fuel is supplied from the fuel tank (24) to the diesel common rail (6) for storage. The liquid ammonia common rail (7), the diesel common rail (6), and the hydroxyl-rich gas tank (18) are connected to the liquid ammonia-diesel dual-fuel injector (9), and the exhaust gas is directed to the first three-way valve. (3) The first three-way valve (3) is connected to the first heat exchanger (4) and the fourth heat exchanger (22) respectively. The first heat exchanger (4) is located between the liquid ammonia storage tank (1) and the liquid ammonia common rail (7). The fourth heat exchanger (22) is connected to the third heat exchanger (21). The exhaust gas is connected to the second three-way valve (16) respectively. The second three-way valve (16) is connected to the second heat exchanger (17) and the turbocharger (20) respectively. The second heat exchanger (17) performs superheat control on the hydroxyl-rich gas. The exhaust gas of the turbocharger (20) enters the third heat exchanger (21) to complete the first preheating of ammonia. The liquid ammonia diesel dual-fuel injector (9) includes an electronically controlled fuel injector and an ammonia fuel injector; the ammonia fuel injector includes an inlet fastening cap (28), a pressure accumulator wall, a liquid ammonia supply control module (31), a liquid ammonia injection control module (33), and a dual-fluid injection module (34) arranged from top to bottom. A servo oil inlet (29) is provided in the inlet fastening cap (28), and a servo oil pressure accumulator (30), a liquid ammonia pressure accumulator (27), and an injector ammonia inlet (26) are respectively provided in the pressure accumulator wall. The servo oil pressure accumulator (30) is connected to the servo oil inlet (29), and the liquid ammonia pressure accumulator (27) is connected to the injector ammonia inlet (26). The liquid ammonia supply control module (31) includes an upper supply valve block, a lower supply valve block, a supply electromagnet (36), a supply armature (41), an oil inlet slide rod (37), a needle valve body (38), and a multi-hole control valve rod (42). The upper supply valve block is installed between the accumulator wall and the lower supply valve block. The supply electromagnet (36) is located in the accumulator wall. The supply armature (41) is located in the upper supply valve block. The multi-hole control valve rod (42) is located below the supply armature (41). The oil inlet slide rod (37) passes through the supply electromagnet (36), the supply armature (41), and the multi-hole control valve rod (42) in sequence. The oil inlet slide rod (37) is hollow. An oil inlet (35) is provided in the accumulator wall. The oil inlet (35) is connected to the servo oil accumulator (30) and the oil inlet slide rod (37) respectively. The multi-hole control valve rod (42) is provided with a first oil inlet (46) and a second oil inlet (47) respectively. Oil hole (47), No. 3 oil inlet hole (48), No. 1 oil outlet hole (49), No. 2 oil outlet hole (50), No. 1 oil inlet hole (46) is connected to oil inlet slide rod (37), No. 2 oil inlet hole (47) and No. 3 oil inlet hole (48) respectively, No. 2 oil inlet hole (47) is connected to No. 2 oil outlet hole (50), No. 3 oil inlet hole (48) is connected to No. 1 oil outlet hole (49), a relaxation return spring (45) is installed in the supply electromagnet (36), the relaxation return spring (45) is sleeved on the outside of the oil inlet slide rod (37), the needle valve body (38) is installed in the supply lower valve block, the needle valve body (38) and the multi-hole control valve rod (42) above it form a needle valve control chamber (43), the needle valve control chamber (44) is installed in the needle valve control chamber (43), the lower end of the needle valve body (38) forms a supply control chamber (39), the supply control chamber (39) is connected to the liquid ammonia accumulator chamber (27).

2. The superheated controlled ammonia fuel supply system based on fuel activity design according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid ammonia injection control module (33) includes an upper injection valve block, a lower injection valve block, a powerful electromagnet (51), an injection armature (53), an ammonia inlet slide rod (56), a sleeve-type ammonia inlet control valve rod (57), and an ammonia inlet block (60). The upper and lower injection valve blocks are arranged from top to bottom. The powerful electromagnet (51) is installed in the upper injection valve block, and the injection armature (53) and the ammonia inlet block (60) are installed in the lower injection valve block. An injection coil (52) is installed in the powerful electromagnet (51). The ammonia inlet slide rod (56) passes through the powerful electromagnet (51) and the injection armature (53) in sequence and enters the ammonia inlet block (60). The middle part of the slide bar (56) is a hollow ammonia inlet (62). The ammonia inlet slide bar (56) located below the strong magnetic electromagnet (51) is fitted with a sleeve-type ammonia inlet control valve rod (57). The sleeve-type ammonia inlet control valve rod (57) between the injection armature (53) and the ammonia inlet block (60) is fitted with a compression-type return spring (58). The ammonia inlet block (60) is provided with an ammonia storage chamber (61), a first ammonia outlet hole (54) and a second ammonia outlet hole (59). The first ammonia outlet hole (54) is connected to the ammonia inlet (62) and the ammonia storage chamber (61) respectively. The second ammonia outlet hole (59) is connected to the ammonia inlet (62) and the ammonia storage chamber (61) respectively.

3. The superheated controlled ammonia fuel supply system based on fuel activity design according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dual-fluid injection module (34) includes a nozzle body (65) and an inner conical annular valve stem (63). The inner conical annular valve stem (63) is installed in the nozzle body (65). The inner conical annular valve stem (63) and the nozzle body (65) form a mixing chamber (64). A hydroxyl-rich gas inlet (32) is provided on the liquid ammonia supply control module (31). The mixing chamber (64) is connected to the hydroxyl-rich gas inlet (32) and the ammonia inlet (62).

4. The superheated controlled ammonia fuel supply system based on fuel activity design according to claim 3, characterized in that: The hydroxyl-rich gas inlet (32) is connected to a variable intake control connector structure. The variable intake control connector structure includes a housing (69) and a valve body (70). The valve body (70) is installed in the housing (69). An intake passage (68) is provided in the valve body (70). The intake passage (68) is provided with an intake branch one and an intake branch two. The intake branch one is connected to the first intake valve (66), and the intake branch two is connected to the second intake valve (67).

5. The superheated controlled ammonia fuel supply system based on fuel activity design according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the servo oil enters the liquid ammonia supply control module (31) through the servo oil accumulator (30), it enters the solenoid valve oil circuit through the oil inlet (35). When the solenoid valve is not energized, the servo oil enters the multi-hole control valve stem (42) through the oil outlet of the oil inlet slide (37), and enters the control valve stem through its first oil inlet (46), second oil inlet (47), and third oil inlet (48). It then completes the oil injection into the needle valve control chamber (43) through the first oil outlet (49) and second oil outlet (50) of the control valve stem. At this time, the oil pressure in the needle valve control chamber (43) increases, and the needle valve spring (44) acts together on the needle valve body (38), which is equivalent to the pressure acting on the needle valve body (38) through the lower inclined surface of the needle valve body (38) supplied to the control chamber (39). The needle valve remains stationary and does not supply liquid ammonia. When the solenoid valve is energized, When the coil (36) is connected to the current, it generates an electromagnetic force that acts on the armature (41). The armature (41) is connected to the multi-hole control valve stem (42). Under the action of the electromagnetic force, the multi-hole control valve stem overcomes the elastic force of the relaxation return spring (45) and moves upward. The first oil inlet (46), the second oil inlet (47), and the third oil inlet (48) of the multi-hole control valve stem are disconnected from the oil outlet of the oil inlet slide rod and connected to the large-diameter return oil hole located in the injector body. The oil inlet and the servo oil in the needle valve control chamber (43) are discharged through the first oil outlet (49) and the second oil outlet (50) of the control valve stem. The pressure in the needle valve control chamber (43) decreases. The pressure of the liquid ammonia in the oil supply control chamber (39) acting on the needle valve body (38) is greater than the combined force of the pressure in the needle valve control chamber and the elastic force of the needle valve spring. The needle valve completes the upward movement, and the liquid ammonia completes the supply process.

6. The superheated controlled ammonia fuel supply system based on fuel activity design according to claim 1, characterized in that: When liquid ammonia enters the liquid ammonia injection control module (34) through the liquid ammonia supply control module (31), the liquid ammonia enters this module through the ammonia inlet (62), and enters the ammonia storage chamber (61) in the ammonia inlet block (60) through the first ammonia outlet (54) and the second ammonia outlet (59) to expand, and is sprayed out through the liquid ammonia nozzle (55). When the solenoid valve is not energized, the armature (53) and the sleeve-type control valve rod (57) remain stationary under the action of the compression return spring (58). The sleeve-type control valve rod (57) is connected to the inner cone-type annular valve rod (63), and the inner cone-type annular valve rod (63) also remains stationary, and is sealed with the nozzle body (65). The liquid ammonia expands and is sprayed out through the liquid ammonia nozzle (65). After expansion, the liquid ammonia can enter the mixing chamber (64). The ammonia is mixed with the hydroxyl-rich gas in the mixing chamber (64) to form a two-fluid mixed gas. When the solenoid valve is energized, the coil (52) is connected to the current, and the electromagnet (51) generates an electromagnetic force that acts on the armature (53). The force acting on the armature (53) is downward. The armature (53) drives the sleeve-type control valve rod (57) to overcome the spring force of the compression reset spring (58) and move downward. The first ammonia outlet (54) and the second ammonia outlet (59) are disconnected from the sleeve-type control valve rod (57) and the ammonia inlet block (57). At the same time as stopping the supply of liquid ammonia, the inner cone-type annular valve rod (63) is pushed downward and separated from the nozzle body (65). The two-fluid mixed gas is sprayed out, completing the two-fluid injection of large-flow ammonia fuel.

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