Valve ball machining device and machining process thereof

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of valve ball machining, and discloses a valve ball machining device and a machining process thereof, which comprise a box body, a clamping assembly and a cleaning mechanism; a supporting arm is fixedly installed on one side of the upper surface of the box body; a machining assembly is fixedly installed at the bottom of the upper arm of the supporting arm; the clamping assembly comprises a clamping disc, the clamping disc is arranged between the box body and the upper arm of the supporting arm, a valve ball body is arranged between the clamping disc and the upper arm of the supporting arm, the cleaning mechanism comprises a ventilation pipeline and a rotating drum, the ventilation pipeline and the rotating drum are arranged in the box body, a fan is installed at one end of the ventilation pipeline, and the rotating drum has two groups. The air flow velocity in the ventilation pipeline is increased by the working of the fan, air is sucked into the ventilation pipeline through the top of the valve ball body, dust and debris are taken away at the same time, the air is separated from the dust and debris when entering the rotating interior, and finally falls into a drawer for collection, so that the metal iron filings and metal dust are not cleaned, scattered in the air, and the safety hidden danger of the workers is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of valve ball processing technology, specifically to a valve ball processing device and its processing technology. Background Technology

[0002] A ball valve is a valve in which the opening and closing element (ball) is driven by the valve stem and rotates around the axis of the valve stem. A ball valve has a 90-degree rotation action. The plug body is a ball with a circular through hole or channel through its axis. Ball valves are mainly used in pipelines for cutting off, distributing and changing the flow direction of the medium. It only requires a 90-degree rotation operation and a very small torque to close tightly. The valve ball needs to undergo processing such as grinding, drilling and painting.

[0003] In existing technologies, in order to reduce the resistance of fluid flow, the inner wall of the valve ball needs to be absolutely smooth. Therefore, after drilling, the inner wall of the valve ball needs to be precision machined, which will generate a large amount of metal shavings and metal dust. If they are not cleaned up in time, they will be scattered in the air and pose a serious safety hazard to workers. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a valve ball processing device and its processing technology to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0006] This invention relates to a valve ball processing device and its processing technology, comprising a housing, a support arm fixedly installed on one side of the upper surface of the housing, a processing component fixedly installed at the bottom of the upper arm of the support arm, a clamping component including a clamping plate disposed between the housing and the upper arm of the support arm, a valve ball body disposed between the clamping plate and the upper arm of the support arm, and a cleaning mechanism including a ventilation duct and a rotating cylinder, both of which are disposed inside the housing, and two sets of rotating cylinders.

[0007] Furthermore, a circular opening is provided in the center of the upper surface of the box, and a support ring is fixedly installed on the top of the box. The circular opening is concentric with the support ring, and several spherical grooves are provided on the top of the circular opening. Steel balls are rotatably installed inside each of the spherical grooves. A circular groove is provided on the inner wall of the top of the box near the support arm, and the circular groove is connected to the circular opening.

[0008] Furthermore, a material discharge bin is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the box on the side away from the support arm. A drawer is slidably installed inside the material discharge bin. Four material discharge pipes are symmetrically fixedly installed on the top of the material discharge bin. The material discharge pipes are connected to the inner cavity of the material discharge bin. A servo motor is fixedly installed inside the box. A pinion is fixedly connected to the output end of the servo motor. The pinion is set inside the circular groove.

[0009] Furthermore, the clamping disc is fixedly installed on the top of the turntable. The clamping disc and the central axis of the turntable share a common material discharge port. Three grooves are evenly distributed around the circumference of the clamping disc. A gear disc is fixedly installed around the upper surface of the turntable. A slider is slidably installed inside the groove. The slider has a threaded hole inside. A clamping plate is fixedly connected to the top of the slider. The valve ball body is held between the three clamping plates. Bolts are rotatably installed in the middle of each groove. The bolts are threadedly connected to the threaded holes inside the slider. A rotating gear is fixedly connected to one end of the bolt. The rotating gear is driven by the gear disc. A manual disc is rotatably installed on the top of the turntable. The clamping disc is located in the center of the manual disc. A gear disc is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the top of the manual disc. The gear disc is driven by the rotating gear.

[0010] Furthermore, a chuck is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the turntable, and the turntable is mounted on the support ring by rotating. An annular groove is opened on the lower surface of the chuck, and several steel balls are rolled inside the annular groove. A large gear is fixedly installed in the middle of the lower surface of the turntable, and the large gear is rotated inside the circular opening. The large gear is connected to the small gear for transmission.

[0011] Furthermore, a material discharge hopper is fixedly connected to the top of the ventilation duct, and the ventilation duct is connected to the material discharge port through the material discharge hopper. A fan is fixedly installed at the end of the ventilation duct near the support arm, and two discharge hoppers are fixedly installed at the bottom of the ventilation duct away from the fan. A sleeve is fixedly connected to both ends of the discharge hopper, and an arc-shaped plate is fixedly installed inside the discharge hopper. The axes of the sleeve and the arc-shaped plate are located on the same central axis. A first baffle plate is fixedly connected to the top of the arc-shaped plate near the fan, and a second baffle plate is fixedly connected to the top of the arc-shaped plate away from the fan.

[0012] Furthermore, both ends of the rotating drum are fixedly connected to sleeve two. The rotating drum is rotatably installed inside a set of sleeve one through sleeve two. The rotating drum includes several evenly distributed blades. Each blade has a weight reduction cavity in the middle. An air inlet channel is formed between every two adjacent blades. A discharge pipe is provided inside the rotating drum. A notch is provided on the side of the discharge pipe near the second baffle plate. A magnetic plate is fixedly installed on the bottom of the inner wall of the discharge pipe.

[0013] Furthermore, several inclined guide plates are symmetrically fixedly connected to both ends of the discharge pipe. The top sidewall of the guide plate is perpendicular to the second baffle plate. A groove is provided on the side of the guide plate near the magnetic plate. Both ends of the guide plate are fixedly connected to sealing plates. An exhaust pipe is fixedly connected to the central axis of each sealing plate. A groove is provided at the bottom of each sealing plate. The end of the discharge pipe away from the discharge bin is connected to the inner cavity of the sealing plate through the groove. A fixing plate is fixedly installed on the top of the sealing plate. The fixing plate is fixedly installed on the sidewall of the discharge funnel.

[0014] A manufacturing process for a valve ball, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0015] Step 1: Place the valve ball body on top of the clamping plate, and rotate the manual disc to control the movement of the clamping plate to clamp the valve ball body.

[0016] Step 2: Start the machining components to machine the valve ball body, and simultaneously start the servo motor and fan;

[0017] Step 3: The servo motor operates, causing the valve ball body to rotate for all-round grinding, while the fan operates to extract the dust and debris generated during processing.

[0018] Step four: Dust and debris are guided through the ventilation duct into the rotating drum for adsorption and discharge, and then collected in the drawer.

[0019] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] (1) In this invention, the valve ball body is placed on the clamping plate. When the manual plate is rotated, the rotating gear meshes with both the first and second gear plates at the same time, causing the bolt to rotate. The bolt is connected to the threaded hole inside the slider, and the guide of the slider by the slide groove can control the movement of the clamping plate to clamp the valve ball body. The servo motor works to make the valve ball body rotate, which facilitates the processing components to perform all-round grinding on the inner wall of the valve ball body, increasing the practicality of the device.

[0021] (2) The present invention utilizes the operation of the fan to increase the flow velocity inside the ventilation duct. Air is drawn into the ventilation duct through the top of the valve ball body, which can carry away the dust and debris generated during processing. The debris enters the discharge pipe through the gap between the blades and is then guided by the guide plate. The waste is attracted by the magnetic plate, and the flowing air can blow it out close to the magnetic plate. It is then guided into the drawer through the discharge pipe and collected. Clean air will be discharged from the exhaust pipe, which avoids the situation where metal filings and metal dust are not cleaned and scattered in the air, which may cause safety hazards to the workers.

[0022] Of course, any product implementing this invention does not necessarily need to achieve all of the advantages described above at the same time. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the housing of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the clamping disk structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the clamping disk of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the clamping disk of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the ventilation duct structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the ventilation duct of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating cross-sectional structure of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 9 For the present invention Figure 6 A magnified view of part A in the diagram;

[0033] Figure 10 For the present invention Figure 7 A magnified view of part B in the diagram.

[0034] The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows:

[0035] In the diagram: 1. Housing; 11. Support arm; 111. Processing component; 12. Circular opening; 121. Support ring; 122. Spherical groove; 123. Steel ball; 13. Circular groove; 14. Feeding bin; 141. Drawer; 142. Feeding pipe; 15. Servo motor; 151. Pinion; 2. Clamping disc; 201. Valve ball body; 21. Turntable; 211. Feeding port; 212. Slide groove; 213. Gear disc one; 22. Slider; 221. Clamping plate; 23. Bolt; 231. Rotating gear; 24. Manual disc; 241. Gear disc two; 25. Chuck; 251. Annular groove; 26. Large gear; 3. Ventilation duct; 31. Material discharge hopper; 32. Fan; 33. Discharge hopper; 331. Sleeve one; 34. Arc plate; 341. First wind baffle; 342. Second wind baffle; 4. Rotary drum; 401. Sleeve two; 402. Blade; 403. Weight reduction chamber; 404. Air inlet channel; 41. Discharge pipe; 411. Notch; 412. Magnetic plate; 42. Guide plate; 421. Groove one; 43. Sealing plate; 431. Exhaust pipe; 432. Groove two; 433. Fixing plate. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] Please see Figure 1 - Figure 10 As shown, the present invention is a valve ball processing device and its processing technology, including a housing 1, a support arm 11 fixedly installed on one side of the upper surface of the housing 1, a processing component 111 fixedly installed at the bottom of the upper arm of the support arm 11, a clamping component including a clamping plate 2, the clamping plate 2 being disposed between the housing 1 and the upper arm of the support arm 11, a valve ball body 201 being disposed between the clamping plate 2 and the upper arm of the support arm 11, and a cleaning mechanism including a ventilation duct 3 and a rotating cylinder 4, both of which are disposed inside the housing 1, and there are two sets of rotating cylinders 4.

[0039] A circular opening 12 is provided in the center of the upper surface of the box 1. A support ring 121 is fixedly installed on the top of the box 1. The circular opening 12 is concentric with the support ring 121. Several spherical grooves 122 are provided on the top of the circular opening 12. Steel balls 123 are rotatably installed inside each spherical groove 122. A circular groove 13 is provided on the inner wall of the top of the box 1 near the support arm 11. The circular groove 13 is connected to the circular opening 12.

[0040] A material discharge bin 14 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the box 1 on the side away from the support arm 11. A drawer 141 is slidably arranged inside the material discharge bin 14. Four material discharge pipes 142 are symmetrically fixedly installed on the top of the material discharge bin 14. The material discharge pipes 142 are connected to the inner cavity of the material discharge bin 14. A servo motor 15 is fixedly installed inside the box 1. A pinion 151 is fixedly connected to the output end of the servo motor 15. The pinion 151 is set inside the circular groove 13.

[0041] The clamping disc 2 is fixedly installed on the top of the turntable 21. The clamping disc 2 and the turntable 21 share a common material discharge port 211 at their central axis. The clamping disc 2 has three evenly spaced grooves 212 around its circumference. A gear disc 213 is fixedly installed around the upper surface of the turntable 21. A slider 22 is slidably installed inside the groove 212. The slider 22 has a threaded hole inside. A clamping plate 221 is fixedly connected to the top of the slider 22. The valve ball body 201 is held between the three clamping plates 221. Bolts 23 are rotatably installed in the middle of each groove 212. The bolts 23 are threadedly connected to the threaded holes inside the slider 22. A rotating gear 231 is fixedly connected to one end of the bolt 23. The rotating gear 231 is connected to the gear disc 213 for transmission. A manual disc 24 is rotatably installed on the top of the turntable 21. The clamping disc 2 is located in the center of the manual disc 24. A gear disc 241 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the top of the manual disc 24. The gear disc 241 is connected to the rotating gear 231 for transmission.

[0042] A chuck 25 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the turntable 21. The turntable 21 is rotatably mounted on the support ring 121. An annular groove 251 is opened on the lower surface of the chuck 25. Several steel balls 123 are rolled inside the annular groove 251. A large gear 26 is fixedly installed in the middle of the lower surface of the turntable 21. The large gear 26 is rotatably mounted inside the circular opening 12. The large gear 26 is connected to the small gear 151 for transmission.

[0043] A material discharge hopper 31 is fixedly connected to the top of the ventilation duct 3. The ventilation duct 3 is connected to the material discharge port 211 through the material discharge hopper 31. A fan 32 is fixedly installed at the end of the ventilation duct 3 near the support arm 11. Two discharge hoppers 33 are fixedly installed at the bottom of the ventilation duct 3 away from the fan 32. A sleeve 331 is fixedly connected to both ends of the discharge hopper 33. An arc plate 34 is fixedly installed inside the discharge hopper 33. The axes of the sleeve 331 and the arc plate 34 are located on the same central axis. A first baffle plate 341 is fixedly connected to the top end of the arc plate 34 near the fan 32. A second baffle plate 342 is fixedly connected to the top end of the arc plate 34 away from the fan 32.

[0044] Both ends of the rotating cylinder 4 are fixedly connected to the second sleeve 401. The rotating cylinder 4 is rotatably installed inside a set of first sleeves 331 through the second sleeve 401. The rotating cylinder 4 includes several evenly distributed blades 402. Each blade 402 has a weight reduction cavity 403 in the middle. Each pair of adjacent blades 402 together form an air inlet channel 404. The rotating cylinder 4 is provided with a discharge pipe 41. Each side of the discharge pipe 41 near the second baffle plate 342 has a notch 411. A magnetic plate 412 is fixedly installed on the bottom of the inner wall of the discharge pipe 41.

[0045] Several inclined guide plates 42 are symmetrically fixedly connected to both ends of the discharge pipe 41. The top sidewall of the guide plate 42 is perpendicular to the second baffle plate 342. A groove 421 is provided on the side of the guide plate 42 near the magnetic plate 412. A sealing plate 43 is fixedly connected to both ends of the guide plate 42. An exhaust pipe 431 is fixedly connected to the central axis of the sealing plate 43. A groove 432 is provided at the bottom of the sealing plate 43. The end of the discharge pipe 142 away from the discharge bin 14 is connected to the inner cavity of the sealing plate 43 through the groove 432. A fixing plate 433 is fixedly installed on the top of the sealing plate 43. The fixing plate 433 is fixedly installed on the sidewall of the discharge funnel 33.

[0046] When in use, place the valve ball body 201 on the clamping plate 2 and rotate the manual plate 24. Since the rotating gear 231 meshes with the gear plate 1 213 and the gear plate 241 at the same time, the bolt 23 rotates. With the threaded connection between the bolt 23 and the internal threaded hole of the slider 22, and the guide of the slider 22 by the slide groove 212, the clamping plate 221 can be controlled to move to clamp the valve ball body 201.

[0047] Then, the machining component 111 is started to machine the valve ball body 201, and the servo motor 15 and the fan 32 are started at the same time.

[0048] When the servo motor 15 is working, the valve ball body 201 rotates, which facilitates the processing component 111 to perform all-round grinding on the inner wall of the valve ball body 201. When the fan 32 is working, the flow rate inside the ventilation duct 3 increases, and air is drawn into the ventilation duct 3 through the top of the valve ball body 201, while taking away the dust and debris generated during processing.

[0049] Dust and debris are guided by ventilation duct 3 into the interior of the rotating drum 4. At the same time, the flowing air is guided by the first baffle plate 341 and the second baffle plate 342 to make the rotating drum 4 rotate. Metal scraps enter the interior of the discharge pipe 41 through the gap between the blades 402, and are then guided by the guide plate 42. The scraps are attracted by the magnetic plate 412, and the flowing air can blow them out tightly against the magnetic plate 412. They are then guided into the drawer 141 through the discharge pipe 142 for collection. Clean air will be discharged from the exhaust pipe 431, which avoids the situation where metal scraps and metal dust are not cleaned and scattered in the air, which would pose a safety hazard to the staff.

[0050] Example 2

[0051] A manufacturing process for a valve ball, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0052] Step 1: Place the valve ball body 201 on top of the clamping plate 2, and rotate the manual plate 24 to control the clamping plate 221 to move and clamp the valve ball body 201.

[0053] Step 2: Start the machining component 111 to machine the valve ball body 201, and start the servo motor 15 and the fan 32 at the same time.

[0054] Step 3: Servo motor 15 operates, causing valve ball body 201 to rotate for all-round grinding, and fan 32 operates to extract the dust and debris generated during processing.

[0055] Step four: Dust and debris are guided through ventilation duct 3 and enter the rotating drum 4 for adsorption and discharge, and are collected by drawer 141.

[0056] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are merely illustrative of the invention. These preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementations described. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A valve ball processing device, comprising a housing (1), wherein a support arm (11) is fixedly installed on one side of the upper surface of the housing (1), and a processing component (111) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the upper arm of the support arm (11), characterized in that, Also includes: The clamping assembly includes a clamping disc (2), which is disposed between the housing (1) and the upper arm of the support arm (11), and a valve ball body (201) is disposed between the clamping disc (2) and the upper arm of the support arm (11). The cleaning mechanism includes a ventilation duct (3) and a rotating drum (4), both of which are located inside the housing (1). There are two sets of rotating drums (4). The ventilation duct (3) is fixedly connected to the top of the material discharge funnel (31). The ventilation duct (3) is connected to the material discharge port (211) through the material discharge funnel (31). A fan (32) is fixedly installed at one end of the ventilation duct (3) near the support arm (11). Two discharge funnels (33) are fixedly installed at the bottom of the ventilation duct (3) away from the fan (32). A sleeve (331) is fixedly connected to both ends of the discharge funnel (33). An arc plate (34) is fixedly installed inside the discharge funnel (33). The axis of the sleeve (331) and the arc plate (34) is located on the same central axis. A first baffle plate (341) is fixedly connected to the top of the arc plate (34) near the fan (32). A second baffle plate (342) is fixedly connected to the top of the arc plate (34) away from the fan (32). Both ends of the rotating cylinder (4) are fixedly connected to the sleeve two (401). The rotating cylinder (4) is rotatably installed inside a set of sleeve one (331) through the sleeve two (401). The rotating cylinder (4) includes several uniformly distributed blades (402). Each blade (402) has a weight reduction cavity (403) in the middle. Each pair of adjacent blades (402) forms an air inlet channel (404). The rotating cylinder (4) is provided with a discharge pipe (41). The discharge pipe (41) has a notch (411) on the side near the second baffle plate (342). A magnetic plate (412) is fixedly installed on the bottom of the inner wall of the discharge pipe (41). The discharge pipe (41) has several inclined guide plates (42) symmetrically fixedly connected at both ends. The top sidewall of the guide plate (42) is perpendicular to the second baffle plate (342). The guide plate (42) has a groove (421) on the side near the magnetic plate (412). Both ends of the discharge pipe (41) are fixedly connected to the sealing plate (43). The sealing plate (43) has an exhaust pipe (431) fixedly connected at the central axis. The bottom of the sealing plate (43) has a groove (432). The end of the discharge pipe (142) away from the discharge bin (14) is connected to the inner cavity of the sealing plate (43) through the groove (432). The top of the sealing plate (43) is fixedly installed with a fixing plate (433). The fixing plate (433) is fixedly installed on the sidewall of the discharge funnel (33).

2. The valve ball processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A circular opening (12) is provided in the center of the upper surface of the box (1). A support ring (121) is fixedly installed on the top of the box (1). The circular opening (12) is concentric with the support ring (121). Several spherical grooves (122) are provided on the top of the support ring (121). A steel ball (123) is rotatably installed inside each of the spherical grooves (122). A circular groove (13) is provided on the inner wall of the top of the box (1) near the support arm (11). The circular groove (13) is connected to the circular opening (12).

3. The valve ball processing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A material discharge bin (14) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the box (1) on the side away from the support arm (11). A drawer (141) is slidably arranged inside the material discharge bin (14). Four material discharge pipes (142) are symmetrically fixedly installed on the top of the material discharge bin (14). The material discharge pipes (142) are connected to the inner cavity of the material discharge bin (14). A servo motor (15) is fixedly installed inside the box (1). A pinion (151) is fixedly connected to the output end of the servo motor (15). The pinion (151) is arranged inside the circular groove (13).

4. The valve ball processing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The clamping disc (2) is fixedly installed on the top of the turntable (21). The clamping disc (2) and the turntable (21) have a common material discharge port (211) at the central axis. The clamping disc (2) has three evenly spaced grooves (212) around its circumference. The turntable (21) has a toothed disc (213) fixedly installed around its upper surface. The slide block (22) is slidably installed inside the groove (212). The slide block (22) has a threaded hole inside its circumference. The top of the slide block (22) is fixedly connected to a clamping plate (221). The valve ball body (201) is clamped between the three clamping plates (221). Bolts (23) are rotatably installed in the middle of the slide (212). The bolts (23) are threadedly connected to the threaded holes inside the slider (22). A rotating gear (231) is fixedly connected to one end of the bolt (23). The rotating gear (231) is connected to the gear disk one (213) in a transmission connection. A manual disk (24) is rotatably installed on the top of the turntable (21). The clamping disk (2) is located in the center of the manual disk (24). A gear disk two (241) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the top of the manual disk (24). The gear disk two (241) is connected to the rotating gear (231) in a transmission connection.

5. The valve ball processing device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A chuck (25) is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the turntable (21). The turntable (21) is rotatably mounted on the support ring (121) via the chuck (25). An annular groove (251) is provided on the lower surface of the chuck (25). Several steel balls (123) are rolled inside the annular groove (251). A large gear (26) is fixedly installed in the middle of the lower surface of the turntable (21). The large gear (26) is rotatably mounted inside the circular opening (12). The large gear (26) is connected to the small gear (151) for transmission.

6. A processing technology for a valve ball processing device as described in claim 5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Place the valve ball body (201) on top of the clamping plate (2), and rotate the manual plate (24) to control the clamping plate (221) to move and clamp the valve ball body (201); Step 2: Start the machining component (111) to machine the valve ball body (201), and start the servo motor (15) and the fan (32) at the same time. Step 3: The servo motor (15) operates, causing the valve ball body (201) to rotate for all-round grinding, and the fan (32) operates to extract the dust and debris generated during processing. Step four: Dust and debris are guided through the ventilation duct (3) and enter the inside of the rotating drum (4) for adsorption and discharge, and are collected by the drawer (141).

Images