A structure for preventing and removing ice on a fan blade and a method for preparing and preventing and removing ice

Abstract

The application discloses a structure for preventing and removing ice on a fan blade, comprising a pulse electric heating structure and a super-hydrophobic interface structure, wherein the pulse electric heating structure comprises a heat insulation layer arranged on a blade base, an electrically conductive belt and a temperature sensor embedded in the heat insulation layer, and a heating layer and an encapsulation layer arranged on the heat insulation layer in sequence; the pulse electric heating structure further comprises a power supply, a fixed capacitor, a relay and a temperature controller; the super-hydrophobic interface structure comprises a double-scale array structure arranged on the encapsulation layer, the double-scale array structure comprises a surface micrometer array structure and a surface nanometer array structure, a deposition strengthening structure is arranged on the double-scale array structure, and a chemical group is grafted on the deposition strengthening structure. The application can delay the icing time, shorten the ice melting time, significantly prolong the icing time of the fan blade in winter, reduce the shutdown loss, and can be widely applied to the prevention and removal of ice on the fan blade in winter.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of material surface modification and electrothermal application, in particular to a pulse electric heating and super-hydrophobic interface structure for preventing and removing ice on a fan blade and a preparation method and a method for preventing and removing ice. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, the academic and industrial circles have carried out a large number of researches and attempts on the problem of fan blade icing in winter in the south of China. The anti-icing technologies are various, mainly including air heating anti-icing technology, electric heating anti-icing technology and coating anti-icing technology. The air heating anti-icing technology is to install a blower at the root of the blade, heat the hot air and send it into the blade cavity, and return the heat dissipated air to the blade root to form a cycle. Since the blade is mainly composed of glass fiber and epoxy resin, the material has poor thermal conductivity, and the blade wall is thick, so the heat transfer effect is very poor, and the blade surface has no obvious effect on anti-icing. The electric heating anti-icing technology is to lay a conductive layer on the surface of the fan blade, and melt the ice layer by heating the conductive layer, so as to play an anti-icing role. This technology consumes a lot of electric energy, and the generated power recovered by anti-icing is mostly consumed by electric heating, which cannot fundamentally solve the problem. The coating anti-icing technology uses a low surface energy coating on the surface of the fan blade to reduce the wettability of water and the adhesion strength of ice. However, the coating often has a certain effect in the early stage of use, and gradually loses the anti-icing function with the wear of the coating and the increase of the surface energy. In addition, this technology can only delay the icing for a short time, and cannot realize active deicing once the ice crystals are formed. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application mainly aims at solving the problem of poor anti-icing effect of the existing technology after the fan blade icing in winter in some areas, and provides a structure for preventing and removing ice on a fan blade, a preparation method and an anti-icing method. The active and passive double-layer anti-icing structure is constructed by a pulse electric heating structure and a super-hydrophobic interface structure. The pulse electric heating structure rapidly melts the surface ice layer by rapid discharge in a short time, so that the adhesion is rapidly reduced, and the attached object is detached, which can effectively reduce the power consumption and time consumption of deicing. The super-hydrophobic interface structure is designed by the surface physical structure and chemical groups to reduce the surface energy and the adhesion strength of ice on the surface. The ice is rapidly detached by vibration and wind force during the operation of the fan. The present application can delay the icing time, shorten the ice melting time, significantly prolong the icing time of the fan blade in winter, and reduce the downtime loss.

[0004] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows.

[0005] The application discloses a structure for preventing and removing ice on a fan blade, comprising a pulse electric heating structure and a super-hydrophobic interface structure, the pulse electric heating structure comprises a heat insulation layer arranged on a blade base, and a conductive belt and a temperature sensor embedded in the heat insulation layer, and a heating layer and an encapsulation layer are sequentially arranged on the heat insulation layer; the pulse electric heating structure further comprises a power supply, a fixed capacitor, a relay and a temperature controller; the super-hydrophobic interface structure comprises a double-scale array structure arranged on the encapsulation layer, the double-scale array structure comprises a surface micrometer array structure and a surface nanometer array structure, a deposition strengthening structure is arranged on the double-scale array structure, and a chemical group is grafted on the deposition strengthening structure. The application provides a structure for preventing and removing ice on a fan blade, and an active and passive double-layer ice prevention and removal structure is constructed by the pulse electric heating structure and the super-hydrophobic interface structure, the pulse electric heating structure is composed of a power supply, a fixed capacitor, a relay, a temperature controller, a conductive belt, a heating layer, a heat insulation layer, an encapsulation layer and a temperature sensor, the pulse electric heating structure can rapidly melt the surface ice layer by rapid discharge in a short time, the adhesion is rapidly reduced, and then the adhered object is removed, so that the power consumption and time consumption for ice removal can be effectively reduced; the super-hydrophobic interface structure is composed of an encapsulation layer, a surface micrometer array structure, a surface nanometer array structure, a deposition strengthening structure and a chemical group, the encapsulation layer is the same as the encapsulation layer of the pulse electric heating structure, the super-hydrophobic interface structure is designed by a surface physical structure and a chemical group, the surface energy is reduced, the adhesion strength of ice on the surface is reduced, and the ice is rapidly removed under the action of vibration and wind force during the operation of the fan. The application can delay the ice formation time, shorten the ice melting time, significantly prolong the ice covering time of the fan blade in winter, reduce the shutdown loss, and can be widely applied to the fan blade ice prevention and removal in winter in the south of China.

[0006] As preferred, the first output end of the power supply is divided into two paths, one path is connected to the first input end of the relay through the third switch, and the other path is connected to the first input end of the relay through the fixed capacitor and the first switch; the second output end of the power supply is divided into two paths, one path is connected to the second input end of the relay through the fourth switch, and the other path is connected to the second input end of the relay through the fixed capacitor and the second switch; the output end of the relay is connected to the cable line led out by the conductive belt; the signal line led out by the temperature sensor is connected to the control end of the relay through the temperature controller. The pulse electric heating circuit is configured, the output end of the power supply is divided into two paths, one path is directly connected to the input end of the relay, and the other path is connected to the input end of the relay through the fixed capacitor.

[0007] As preferred, the power supply provides heating current or charges the fixed capacitor; the fixed capacitor provides instantaneous high electric power during ice melting process; the temperature controller controls the on / off time ratio (hereinafter referred to as on / off ratio) of the heating layer through the feedback control of the temperature sensor signal to realize pulse heating; the greater the on / off ratio, the higher the heating power, the higher the ice layer surface temperature, and the shorter the ice melting time; the conductive strip uniformly distributes electric energy to the heating layer; the heating layer generates resistance heat when powered on, and transfers heat to the ice layer attached to the blade; the heat insulation layer is between the heating layer and the blade base to insulate heat conduction to the blade, on the one hand to protect the blade from high temperature, and on the other hand to effectively use heat for ice melting; the packaging layer is located above the heating layer and fixes the heating layer.

[0008] As preferred, the surface microarray structure provides support for large-scale water droplets; and the surface nanometer array structure provides support for small-scale water droplets. The surface microarray structure and the surface nanometer array structure form a double-scale surface micro-nano structure, the surface microarray structure supports larger water droplets, and the surface nanometer array structure supports small-scale water droplets. First, when raindrops, mist droplets and the like contact the surface, the super-hydrophobic interface layer minimizes the contact area of water and the surface, reduces the adhesion of liquid water, produces a super-hydrophobic effect, and makes the droplets timely separate from the surface, thereby achieving waterproofing. Secondly, the reduced contact area also reduces heat transfer and prolongs the ice formation time of the droplets, thereby achieving anti-icing. Thirdly, when the droplets freeze, the ice layer only has point contact with the surface, which reduces the adhesion strength of the ice layer, thereby achieving de-icing.

[0009] As preferred, the deposition strengthening structure is a molecular layer deposited on the surface of the double-scale array structure to strengthen the mechanical strength and wear resistance of the double-scale array structure.

[0010] As preferred, one end of the chemical group is a group capable of closely bonding with the double-scale array structure; and the other end is a non-polar group, which has weak interaction with water molecules and can achieve waterproofing and anti-icing effects.

[0011] A preparation method of a structure for de-icing of a fan blade, which is suitable for the structure for de-icing of a fan blade described above, and comprises the following steps:

[0012] Step S1: heat insulation layer preparation, polishing the surface of the fan blade, and uniformly coating several layers of heat insulation paint and curing agent mixed well on the surface of the blade;

[0013] Step S2: conductive strip and temperature sensor preparation, polishing the copper conductive strip with sandpaper, embedding it in the heat insulation layer at a certain interval, and implanting a temperature sensor and leading out a signal line (temperature measuring line) at the same time, and placing it in a room for more than 48 hours until the heat insulation layer is cured;

[0014] Step S3: heating layer and encapsulation layer preparation, the heating layer is carefully coated on the multi-layer glass fiber (glass steel) encapsulation layer, and a pressing device is used to press to tightly joint the heating layer and the encapsulation layer, and the room temperature curing is performed for more than 24 hours;

[0015] Step S4: epoxy resin encapsulation molding, 1-2 layers of copper wire mesh are filled between the heating layer (conductive layer) and the copper conductive strip to strengthen the contact effect, the positive and negative electrodes of the conductive strip are respectively led out of the cable line, the epoxy resin A and B glue are mixed in a certain proportion and then fully stirred and uniformly coated between the heat insulation layer and the encapsulation layer, after completion, the fastening clamp is used to fix the heat insulation layer and the encapsulation layer, and the room temperature curing is performed for more than 24 hours;

[0016] Step S5: pulse electric heating circuit configuration, the power output end is divided into two paths, one path is directly connected to the relay input end, and the other path is connected to the relay input end through a fixed capacitor, the relay output end is connected to the cable line led out of the heating layer conductive strip through a wire, and the signal line led out of the temperature sensor is connected to the relay control end through a temperature controller;

[0017] Step S6: micrometer array structure stamp preparation, a laser etching machine is used to etch a micrometer array on the pretreated aluminum plate;

[0018] Step S7: encapsulation layer surface micrometer array structure preparation, a polishing device is used to polish the surface of the encapsulation layer until it is completely flat, a micrometer array etched aluminum plate is pressed on the surface of the encapsulation layer, and a pressing device is used to press to complete the preparation;

[0019] Step S8: encapsulation layer surface nanometer array structure preparation, the prepared solution is transferred to a liquid spray gun, 0.2-0.4 MPa compressed air is used as the gas source, the spray head is 15-25 cm away from the encapsulation layer, the solution is uniformly sprayed on the surface of the encapsulation layer, and the spraying is repeated for 2-3 times, and the encapsulation layer is placed in a 50°C drying device for drying for 2 hours or at room temperature for drying for 12 hours;

[0020] Step S9: the method of atomic deposition is used to strengthen the double-scale array structure, high wear resistance SiO2 is selected as the deposition layer to strengthen the wear resistance of the fan blade, the precursors are SiCl4 and H2O, the deposition process needs to be heated to 150-160°C, the deposition time is set according to the wear resistance requirement of the super-hydrophobic interface, and when the conditions meet the preset requirement, the encapsulation layer treated in step S8 is placed in an atomic deposition reactor;

[0021] Step S10: chemical group grafting is performed on the surface of the strengthened double-scale array structure, the blade treated in the foregoing steps is placed in a vacuum tank, the encapsulation layer is exposed to the environment, the vacuum tank is pumped to vacuum by using a vacuum pump, and tridecafluorooctyltriethoxysilane (C 14 H 19 F 13O3Si) as a chemical treatment agent, heating the tridecafluorooctyltriethoxysilane to 150-155℃, and passing the vapors into a vacuum tank, which process is carried out for 20-30 minutes.

[0022] As preferred, in step S6, the pretreatment process of the aluminum plate is as follows: taking a flat thin aluminum plate, polishing the surface to be smooth along the orthogonal direction using 1500-2000 metallographic sandpaper in turn, and then polishing to a mirror surface using polishing paste and polishing paper, configuring 0.2 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution, placing the aluminum plate in the solution for reaction for a certain time, removing the surface oxide film, then transferring to deionized water to clean the surface residual acid, configuring a mixed solution of 5% nitric acid and 2% potassium dichromate, quickly transferring the aluminum plate after cleaning the residual acid to the mixed solution for rapid passivation oxidation, soaking for a certain time, then transferring to deionized water to clean the surface residual passivation solution, and taking out the aluminum plate after cleaning the residual passivation solution for drying.

[0023] As preferred, in step S8, the preparation process of the solution is as follows: placing a certain amount of tetrabutyl titanate (C 16 H 36 O4Ti) in ethanol, sealing with sealing film, introducing nitrogen as protective gas into the container, slowly heating, and stirring for a certain time by magnetic stirring.

[0024] An ice prevention method for a structure for preventing and removing ice from a fan blade, applicable to the structure for preventing and removing ice from a fan blade, comprising the following steps:

[0025] Step A1: when the environmental humidity is higher than 90% and the environmental temperature starts to decrease to zero, the pulse electric heating structure is not enabled, and only the super-hydrophobic interface structure is used for preventing ice;

[0026] Step A2: when the environmental temperature decreases to -4℃, the third switch and the fourth switch are closed, the first switch and the second switch are opened, the pulse electric heating structure is started, the target temperature of the temperature controller is set to 0.5-1℃, the automatic control relay on-off ratio is set, the heating layer slowly releases heat to maintain the blade surface temperature in the target temperature range, and the blade does not freeze in combination with the super-hydrophobic interface structure;

[0027] Step A3: when the environmental temperature continues to decrease to -8℃, the blade surface heat dissipation speed increases, and the blade surface temperature will be difficult to maintain in the target temperature range, at this time, continuous heating is maintained to maximize the delay of the ice formation time;

[0028] Step A4: When the ambient temperature decreases to a lower temperature, icing will be inevitable, at this time, open the first switch, the second switch, the third switch, the fourth switch, close the pulse electric heating structure, after the passage of extreme weather, the ambient temperature rises, at this time, the ice layer attached to the surface of the blade has not yet fallen off, close the first switch, the second switch, open the third switch, the fourth switch, restart the pulse electric heating structure, discharge using a fixed capacitor, increase the discharge power, increase the interface instantaneous temperature, make the extremely thin ice layer at the interface melt rapidly and fall off, significantly shorten the ice melting time before the fan starts after the extreme weather.

[0029] The application provides an anti-icing method for an anti-icing structure of a fan blade, which overcomes the defects of poor anti-icing effect, high energy consumption, single strategy and strategy failure of other anti-icing technologies, realizes the super-hydrophobic effect of a water contact angle greater than 150° and a rolling angle less than 8°, and can realize no icing of the fan blade when the environmental humidity is greater than 90% and the environmental temperature is not lower than -4℃, can delay icing for 2-6 hours (according to different specific temperatures) when the environmental temperature is lower than -4℃, and can realize the overall falling off of the ice layer after 2-5 times of pulse heating in the deicing process, and the deicing time can be shortened to 20 minutes.

[0030] Therefore, the application has the following advantages:

[0031] (1) The pulse electric heating structure and the super-hydrophobic interface structure construct the active and passive double-layer anti-icing structure, the pulse electric heating structure rapidly melts the surface ice layer through rapid discharge in a short time, rapidly reduces the adhesion, and thus falls off the adherend, which can effectively reduce the deicing power consumption and deicing time, the super-hydrophobic interface structure is designed through the surface physical structure and chemical groups, reduces the surface energy, reduces the adhesion strength of the ice on the surface, and the ice rapidly falls off under the action of vibration and wind force during the fan operation;

[0032] (2) The application can delay the icing time, shorten the ice melting time, significantly prolong the icing time of the fan blade in winter, reduce the shutdown loss, and can be widely applied to the winter anti-icing of fan blades in the south-western provinces.

[0033] (3) The application overcomes the defects of poor anti-icing effect, high energy consumption, single strategy and strategy failure of other anti-icing technologies, realizes the super-hydrophobic effect of a water contact angle greater than 150° and a rolling angle less than 8°, can realize no icing of the fan blade when the environmental humidity is greater than 90% and the environmental temperature is not lower than -4℃, can delay icing for 2-6 hours (according to different specific temperatures) when the environmental temperature is lower than -4℃, and can realize the overall falling off of the ice layer after 2-5 times of pulse heating in the deicing process, and the deicing time can be shortened to 20 minutes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 It is a wiring schematic diagram of the pulse electric heating structure circuit in the embodiment of the application.

[0035] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the cross section of the pulse electric heating structure in the embodiment of the present application.

[0036] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the super-hydrophobic interface structure in the embodiment of the present application.

[0037] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the temperature distribution near the heating layer after the pulse discharge of the fixed capacitor in the de-icing process in the embodiment of the present application.

[0038] 1, power supply 2, fixed capacitor 3, first switch 4, second switch 5, third switch 6, fourth switch 7, relay 8, conductive strip 9, heating layer 10, temperature sensor signal line 11, super-hydrophobic interface structure 12, encapsulation layer 13, thermal insulation layer 14, blade base 15, temperature sensor 16, deposition reinforcement structure 17, chemical group 18, surface micrometer array structure 19, surface nanometer array structure 20, temperature controller. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The present application will be further described in conjunction with the specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

[0040] Embodiment one.

[0041] A structure for preventing and removing ice on a fan blade, comprising a pulse electric heating structure and a super-hydrophobic interface structure 11, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 The pulse electric heating structure comprises a thermal insulation layer 13 arranged on a blade base 14, and a conductive strip 8 and a temperature sensor 15 embedded in the thermal insulation layer 13, and a heating layer 9 and an encapsulation layer 12 arranged on the thermal insulation layer 13 in sequence; the pulse electric heating structure further comprises a power supply 1, a fixed capacitor 2, a relay 7 and a temperature controller 20; as shown in Figure 3As shown, the superhydrophobic interface structure 11 includes a dual-scale array structure disposed on the encapsulation layer 12. The dual-scale array structure includes a surface micro-array structure 18 and a surface nano-array structure 19. A deposition reinforcement structure 16 is disposed on the dual-scale array structure, and chemical groups 17 are grafted onto the deposition reinforcement structure 16. This invention provides a structure for de-icing wind turbine blades, which constructs an active and passive dual-layer de-icing structure using a pulsed electric heating structure and a superhydrophobic interface structure 11. The pulsed electric heating structure consists of a power supply 1, a fixed capacitor 2, a relay 7, a temperature controller 20, a conductive strip 8, a heating layer 9, a heat insulation layer 13, an encapsulation layer 12, and a temperature sensor 15. The pulsed electric heating structure rapidly melts the surface ice layer through rapid discharge in a short time, quickly reducing the adhesion and causing the adhered material to fall off, which can effectively reduce the power consumption and time of de-icing. The superhydrophobic interface structure 11 consists of an encapsulation layer 12, a surface micro-array structure 18, a surface nano-array structure 19, a deposition reinforcement structure 16, and chemical groups 17. The encapsulation layer 12 and the pulsed electric heating encapsulation layer 12 are the same layer. The superhydrophobic interface structure 11 reduces surface energy and decreases the adhesion strength of ice on the surface through the design of the surface physical structure and chemical groups 17. During the operation of the wind turbine, the ice falls off quickly due to vibration and wind force. This invention can delay icing time, shorten melting time, significantly extend the winter icing time of wind turbine blades, reduce downtime losses, and can be widely used in winter anti-icing and de-icing of wind turbine blades in southwestern provinces.

[0042] like Figure 1 As shown, the first output terminal of power supply 1 is divided into two paths: one path is connected to the first input terminal of relay 7 via the third switch 5, and the other path is connected to the first input terminal of relay 7 via the fixed capacitor 2 and the first switch 3. The second output terminal of power supply 1 is also divided into two paths: one path is connected to the second input terminal of relay 7 via the fourth switch 6, and the other path is connected to the second input terminal of relay 7 via the fixed capacitor 2 and the second switch 4. The output terminal of relay 7 is connected to the cable led out from the conductive strip 8. The signal line 10 led out from the temperature sensor 15 is connected to the control terminal of relay 7 via the temperature controller 20. In the pulse electric heating circuit configuration, the output terminal of power supply 1 is divided into two paths: one path is directly connected to the input terminal of relay 7, and the other path is connected to the input terminal of relay 7 via the fixed capacitor 2.

[0043] The power supply 1 is used to provide heating current or charge the fixed capacitor 2; the fixed capacitor 2 is used to provide transient high electric power in the ice melting process; the temperature controller 20 realizes the heating circuit on / off time ratio (hereinafter referred to as on / off ratio) by collecting the temperature sensor 15 signal feedback control relay 7, realizes pulse heating, the greater the on / off ratio, the higher the heating power, the higher the ice layer surface temperature, the shorter the ice melting time; the conductive strip 8 is used to uniformly distribute the electric energy to the heating layer 9; the heating layer 9 generates resistance heat when powered on, and transmits heat to the ice layer attached to the blade; the heat insulation layer 13 is interposed between the heating layer 9 and the blade base 14, and is used to insulate heat conduction to the blade, on the one hand to protect the blade from high temperature, and on the other hand to effectively use the heat for ice melting; the packaging layer 12 is located above the heating layer 9, and is used to fix the heating layer 9.

[0044] The surface microarray structure 18 and the surface nanometer array structure 19 constitute a double-scale surface micro-nano structure, the surface microarray structure 18 plays a supporting role on larger water droplets, and the surface nanometer array structure 19 plays a supporting role on small-scale water droplets. First, when raindrops, mist droplets and the like contact the surface, the super-hydrophobic interface layer minimizes the contact area of water and the surface, reduces the adhesion of liquid water, produces a super-hydrophobic effect, and makes the liquid droplets timely separate from the surface, thereby playing a waterproof role. Secondly, the reduced contact area also reduces heat transfer and prolongs the ice formation time of the liquid droplets, thereby playing an anti-icing role. Thirdly, when the liquid droplets freeze, the ice layer and the surface only have point contact, which reduces the adhesion strength of the ice layer, thereby playing an ice removal role. The deposition strengthening structure 16 is a molecular layer deposited on the surface of the double-scale array structure to strengthen the mechanical strength and wear resistance of the double-scale array structure. The chemical group 17 has one end capable of closely bonding with the double-scale array structure and the other end being a non-polar group, which has weak interaction with water molecules and can play a waterproof and anti-icing effect.

[0045] A preparation method of a structure for preventing and removing ice on a fan blade, which is suitable for the structure for preventing and removing ice on a fan blade, comprises the following steps:

[0046] Step S1: preparation of a heat insulation layer, polishing the surface of the fan blade, and uniformly applying several layers of heat insulation paint mixed with a curing agent on the surface of the blade;

[0047] Step S2: preparation of a conductive strip and a temperature sensor, polishing the copper conductive strip with sandpaper, embedding it in the heat insulation layer at a certain interval, and implanting a temperature sensor and leading out a signal line (temperature measurement line); and placing it at room temperature for more than 48 hours until the heat insulation layer is cured;

[0048] Step S3: preparation of a heating layer and a packaging layer, carefully applying the heating layer on the multi-layer glass fiber (glass steel) packaging layer, and using a pressing device to press the heating layer and the packaging layer to tightly joint them, and curing them at room temperature for more than 24 hours;

[0049] Step S4: epoxy resin encapsulation molding, filling 1-2 layers of copper wire mesh between the heating layer (conductive layer) and the copper conductive strip to strengthen the contact effect, the positive and negative electrodes of the conductive strip are respectively led out of the cable line, the epoxy resins A and B are mixed in a certain proportion and then fully stirred and mixed, and are coated between the heat insulation layer and the encapsulation layer, after completion, the heat insulation layer and the encapsulation layer are fixed by using a fastening clamp, and are cured at room temperature for more than 24 hours;

[0050] Step S5: pulse electric heating circuit configuration, the power output end is divided into two paths, one path is directly connected to the relay input end, the other path is connected to the relay input end through a fixed capacitor, the relay output end is connected to the cable line led out of the heating layer conductive strip through a wire, and the signal line led out of the temperature sensor is connected to the relay control end through a temperature controller;

[0051] Step S6: micrometer array structure mold preparation, using a laser etching machine to etch a micrometer array on a pretreated aluminum plate;

[0052] Step S7: encapsulation layer surface micrometer array structure preparation, using a polishing device to polish the surface of the encapsulation layer until it is completely flat, pressing a micrometer array etched aluminum plate on the surface of the encapsulation layer, and using a pressurizing device to complete the preparation;

[0053] Step S8: encapsulation layer surface nanometer array structure preparation, transferring the prepared solution to a liquid spray gun, using 0.2-0.4 MPa compressed air as the gas source, spraying the solution on the surface of the encapsulation layer at a distance of 15-25 cm, repeating the spraying for 2-3 times, and drying the encapsulation layer in a 50°C drying device for 2 hours or at room temperature for 12 hours;

[0054] Step S9: using the method of atomic deposition to strengthen the double-scale array structure, in order to strengthen the wear resistance of the fan blade, high wear-resistant SiO2 is selected as the deposition layer, the precursors are SiCl4 and H2O, the deposition process needs to be heated to 150-160°C, the deposition time is set according to the wear resistance requirement of the super-hydrophobic interface, and when the conditions meet the preset requirement, the encapsulation layer treated in step S8 is placed in an atomic deposition reactor;

[0055] Step S10: chemical group grafting on the surface of the strengthened double-scale array structure, placing the blade treated above in a vacuum tank, exposing the encapsulation layer to the environment, using a vacuum pump to pump the vacuum tank to vacuum, using tridecafluorooctyltriethoxysilane (C 14 H 19 F 13 O3Si) as a chemical treatment agent, heating the tridecafluorooctyltriethoxysilane to 150-155°C, and passing its vapor into the vacuum tank, and the process is performed for 20-30 minutes.

[0056] Specifically, the polishing in step S1 should use 500-800 mesh sandpaper to polish by hand or with a sander until the blade surface is smooth and defect-free. The thermal insulation coating can use neoprene glue or polyurethane coating, and the curing agent is isocyanate. Apply 2-3 layers, with a thickness of not less than 300µm.

[0057] Specifically, in step S3, the glass fiber in the encapsulation layer should be overlapped by 90° between each layer to achieve insulation and reinforcement effect, preferably 2-3 layers. The heating layer can be made of carbon fiber, carbon nanotube, graphene, etc. (in terms of electrical conductivity, graphene > carbon nanotube > carbon fiber), or a mixture of multiple materials.

[0058] Specifically, in step S5, the power supply is 48V DC power supply, the inductance is connected to the output line to increase the output current stability, the inductance is 8-10mh, the relay action time is not more than 50ms, the fixed capacitor discharge power is not less than 800W / m 2 , the discharge time is not more than 1s, the temperature sensor measures the temperature accuracy not less than ±0.5℃, and the temperature controller controls the temperature accuracy not less than ±0.5℃.

[0059] Specifically, in step S6, the aluminum plate should be made of hard aluminum plate with high copper content. The soaking reaction time for pickling is 15-20 seconds, and the soaking time for passivation oxidation is 8-10 minutes. The laser etching array structure design interval is 40-50µm.

[0060] Specifically, in step S8, after adding tetrabutyl titanate to ethanol, slowly heat to 35-40℃, and control the stirring time to 3-4 minutes. After hydrolysis, spray to increase the hydrolysis speed. Add 1-2 drops of 0.5mol / L sodium hydroxide solution to every 50mL of mixed solution.

[0061] Specifically, in step S9, the atomic deposition time is controlled to 30-40s, which significantly strengthens the original structure without changing the original surface structure.

[0062] Specifically, in step S10, the pressure in the vacuum tank after pumping should be lower than 500Pa, and the heating temperature of tridecafluorooctyltriethoxysilane should be strictly controlled to make the vapor fill the entire tank.

[0063] In step S6, the pretreatment process of the aluminum plate is as follows: taking a flat thin aluminum plate, polishing the surface to be smooth along the orthogonal direction by using 1500-2000 metallographic sandpaper in turn, and then polishing to a mirror surface by using polishing paste and polishing paper; configuring 0.2 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution, placing the aluminum plate in the solution for a certain time, removing the surface oxide film, and then transferring the aluminum plate to deionized water to clean the surface residual acid; configuring a mixed solution of 5% nitric acid and 2% potassium dichromate, quickly transferring the aluminum plate cleaned of residual acid to the mixed solution for rapid passivation oxidation, soaking for a certain time, and then transferring the aluminum plate to deionized water to clean the surface residual passivation solution; and taking out the aluminum plate cleaned of residual passivation solution for drying.

[0064] In step S8, the preparation process of the solution is as follows: a certain amount of tetrabutyl titanate (C 16 H 36 O4Ti) is placed in ethanol, sealed with a sealing film, nitrogen gas is introduced into the container as a protective gas, and slow heating is performed with magnetic stirring for a certain time.

[0065] An ice prevention method for a structure for preventing and removing ice from a fan blade, which is suitable for the structure for preventing and removing ice from a fan blade described above, comprises the following steps:

[0066] Step A1: when the environmental humidity is higher than 90% and the environmental temperature begins to decrease to zero, the pulse electric heating structure is not enabled, and only the super-hydrophobic interface structure is used for ice prevention;

[0067] Step A2: when the environmental temperature decreases to -4℃, the third switch and the fourth switch are closed, the first switch and the second switch are opened, the pulse electric heating structure is started, the target temperature of the temperature controller is set to 0.5-1℃, the automatic control relay on-off ratio is controlled, the heating layer slowly releases heat to maintain the blade surface temperature in the target temperature range, and the super-hydrophobic interface structure is combined to prevent the blade from icing;

[0068] Step A3: when the environmental temperature continues to decrease to -8℃, the blade surface heat dissipation speed increases, and the blade surface temperature will be difficult to maintain in the target temperature range, at this time, continuous heating is maintained to maximize the delay of icing time;

[0069] Step A4: when the environmental temperature decreases to a lower temperature, icing will be difficult to avoid, at this time, the first switch, the second switch, the third switch and the fourth switch are opened, the pulse electric heating structure is closed, after the extreme weather passes, the environmental temperature rises, at this time, the ice layer attached to the blade surface has not fallen off, the first switch and the second switch are closed, the third switch and the fourth switch are opened, the pulse electric heating structure is restarted, the fixed capacitor is discharged to increase the discharge power, the interface instantaneous temperature is increased, the extremely thin ice layer at the interface is quickly melted and falls off, and the ice melting time before the fan starts after the extreme weather is significantly shortened.

[0070] The application provides an anti-icing method for an anti-icing structure of a fan blade, which overcomes the defects of poor anti-icing effect, high energy consumption, single strategy and strategy failure of other anti-icing technologies of the fan blade, realizes the super-hydrophobic effect of a water contact angle greater than 150° and a rolling angle less than 8°, and can realize that the fan blade is not iced when the environmental humidity is greater than 90% and the environmental temperature is not lower than -4℃, and can delay icing for 2-6 hours (according to different specific temperatures) when the environmental temperature is lower than -4℃. The ice layer can be completely removed after 2-5 times of pulse heating in the ice removal process by using pulse electric heating, and the ice removal time can be shortened to 20 minutes.

[0071] Example two.

[0072] A pulse electric heating and super-hydrophobic interface structure for anti-icing of a fan blade is prepared according to the following steps:

[0073] Step 1, preparation of the thermal insulation layer. The surface of the fan blade is polished with 500-mesh water ink sandpaper until the surface is smooth and defect-free, the surface powder is cleaned, polyurethane paint and isocyanate are uniformly mixed according to a mass ratio of 10:1, and the blade surface is uniformly coated with a coating roller, 4 layers of coating are applied, each layer is about 80µm, and the total thickness is about 320µm;

[0074] Step 2, preparation of the conductive strip and sensor. The copper conductive strip is polished with sandpaper, the conductive strip is 2000×40mm in length and width, and is laid and embedded in the thermal insulation layer at an interval of 400mm, a pt100 temperature sensor is implanted at the center position of the region, and a temperature measurement wire is led out, and the thermal insulation layer is completely cured after being placed at room temperature for 48 hours;

[0075] Step 3, preparation of the heating layer and the packaging layer. After the graphene (10%) is uniformly mixed with the conductive adhesive, the graphene is coated on the three layers of glass fiber sheets by using the scraping method, the heating layer and the packaging layer are fixed by using the fastening clamp to make them tightly jointed, and the room temperature is cured for more than 24 hours;

[0076] Step 4, epoxy resin packaging forming. After the heating layer is cured, 2 layers of copper wire mesh are filled between the conductive layer and the copper conductive strip, the positive and negative electrodes of the copper conductive strip are respectively led out to the cable lines, the bisphenol epoxy resin A and B glue are mixed according to a ratio of 1:1, and then are fully stirred and uniformly coated between the thermal insulation layer and the packaging layer, the thermal insulation layer and the packaging layer are fixed by using the fastening clamp, and the room temperature is cured for more than 24 hours;

[0077] Step 5, pulse electric heating circuit configuration. The output line of the power supply (48V direct current power supply) is connected to the inductance to increase the output current stability, the inductance is 8mh, the output end is divided into two ways, one way is directly connected to the input end of the relay (action time 20ms), and the other way is connected to the fixed capacitor (discharge power is 830W / m 2The temperature sensor (temperature measurement accuracy ±0.05℃) signal line is connected to the relay control end through the temperature controller (temperature measurement accuracy ±0.5℃);

[0078] Step 6, preparation of microarray structure stamp. Take a flat aluminum plate, polish the surface to smoothness along the orthogonal direction using 1500 mesh metallographic sandpaper, then polish to mirror surface using polishing paste and polishing paper, configure 0.2 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution, place the aluminum plate in the solution for 15 seconds, then transfer it to deionized water to clean the surface residual acid, configure a mixed solution of 5% nitric acid and 2% potassium dichromate, quickly transfer the aluminum plate after cleaning the residual acid to the mixed solution for rapid passivation oxidation, soak for 8-10 minutes, then transfer it to deionized water to clean the surface residual passivation solution, take out the aluminum plate after cleaning the residual passivation solution and dry it, use a laser etching machine to etch a microarray on the dried aluminum plate, with an array structure spacing of 45µm;

[0079] Step 7, preparation of microarray structure on the surface of the packaging layer. Use a polishing machine to polish the surface of the packaging layer to complete flatness, use a microarray etched aluminum plate to press on the surface of the packaging layer, use a tightening clamp to fix the etched plate and the packaging layer, and then disassemble to complete the preparation;

[0080] Step 8, preparation of nanoarray structure on the surface of the packaging layer. Put 50mL of tetrabutyl titanate (C 16 H 36 O4Ti) into 200mL of ethanol, seal with a sealing film, introduce nitrogen gas as a protective gas into the container, slowly heat it to 35℃ on a heating plate, stir for 3 minutes using magnetic stirring, quickly transfer the solution to a liquid spray gun, use 0.3MPa compressed air as a gas source, the spray head is 20cm away from the packaging layer, evenly spray the solution on the surface of the packaging layer, repeat the spraying for 3 times, and dry the packaging layer in a 50℃ drying oven for 2 hours;

[0081] Step 9, strengthen the two-layer array structure by atomic deposition. Choose high wear-resistant SiO2 as the deposition layer, select SiCl4 and H2O as the precursors, heat the precursors to 150℃ during the deposition process, and the deposition time is 30 seconds, place the packaging layer in the atomic deposition reactor until the end;

[0082] Step 10, graft chemical groups on the surface of the strengthened double-scale array structure. Place the leaves treated above in a vacuum tank, expose the packaging layer to the environment, use a vacuum pump to pump the vacuum tank to vacuum (pressure is 310Pa), use tridecafluorooctyltriethoxysilane (C 14 H 19 F 13O3Si) as a chemical treatment agent, heating tridecafluorooctyltriethoxysilane to 150 DEG C, and passing its vapor into a vacuum tank for 25 minutes.

[0083] The application strategy of the pulse electric heating and super-hydrophobic interface structure for preventing and removing ice on a fan blade is as follows:

[0084] Step 1: when the environmental humidity is higher than 90% and the environmental temperature starts to decrease to zero, the electric pulse is not enabled, and only the super-hydrophobic interface layer is used for preventing ice.

[0085] Step 2: when the environmental temperature decreases to -4 DEG C, the third switch and the fourth switch are closed, the first switch and the second switch are opened, the pulse electric heating is started, the target temperature of the temperature controller is set to 0.5-1 DEG C, the on-off ratio of the automatic control relay is set to a small level, the heating layer slowly releases heat to maintain the blade surface temperature in the target temperature range, and the blade does not freeze in combination with the super-hydrophobic interface layer.

[0086] Step 3: when the environmental temperature continues to decrease to -8 DEG C, the blade surface heat dissipation speed is accelerated, and the blade surface temperature will be difficult to maintain in the target temperature range, at this time, the continuous heating is maintained, and the ice formation time is maximally delayed.

[0087] Step 4: when the environmental temperature decreases to a lower temperature, ice formation will be difficult to avoid, at this time, the first switch, the second switch, the third switch and the fourth switch are opened, the pulse electric heating is closed, after the extreme weather passes, the environmental temperature rises, at this time, the ice layer attached to the blade surface has not fallen off, the first switch and the second switch are closed, the third switch and the fourth switch are opened, the pulse electric heating is restarted, the fixed capacitor is used for discharging, the discharging power is increased, the interface instantaneous temperature is increased, the extremely thin ice layer at the interface is rapidly melted and falls off, and the ice melting time before the fan starts after the extreme weather is significantly shortened.

[0088] The performance of the pulse electric heating and super-hydrophobic interface structure for preventing and removing ice on a fan blade and the application strategy thereof are described as follows:

[0089] The test environment is provided by using a low-temperature and high-humidity refrigerator, the environmental temperature is controlled at -8~3℃, the environmental humidity is controlled at 90~95%, a 3KW small fan is used for the test object, the fan blade substrate is glass fiber reinforced plastic, the surface is coated with polyurethane paint, and the blade speed is 300-400 revolutions per minute during the test, and the wind speed is 12-15 m / s. The test results show that the blade contact angle is 154° under static conditions, and the rolling angle is 7°. When the environmental temperature is above -0.5℃, the blade does not freeze within 12 hours without using pulse electric heating. When the environmental temperature is between -4 and -0.5℃, the blade does not freeze within 12 hours with pulse electric heating. When the environmental temperature is -6℃, the blade starts to freeze at the 4th hour with pulse electric heating, and the blade starts to freeze 5 minutes after the test without pulse electric heating. After 4 hours of freezing, the ice layer is completely separated from the blade by using fixed capacitance pulse heating, and the ice layer falls off immediately after 5 pulses. Under dynamic conditions, when the environmental temperature is above 0℃, the blade does not freeze within 12 hours without using pulse electric heating. When the environmental temperature is between -3.5 and 0℃, the blade does not freeze within 12 hours with pulse electric heating. When the environmental temperature is -6℃, the blade starts to freeze at the 3.2nd hour with pulse electric heating, and the blade starts to freeze 4 minutes after the test without pulse electric heating. After 4 hours of freezing, the ice layer is quickly thrown off under the centrifugal force of the rotating blade by using fixed capacitance pulse heating after 2 pulses.

[0090] Example Three.

[0091] A pulse electric heating and super-hydrophobic interface structure for fan blade de-icing is prepared according to the following steps:

[0092] Step 1, preparation of thermal insulation layer. The surface of the fan blade is polished with 500 mesh water ink sandpaper until the surface is smooth and defect-free, the surface powder is cleaned, the polyurethane paint and isocyanate are mixed uniformly according to a mass ratio of 10:1, and the blade surface is uniformly coated with a coating roller, 4 layers of coating are applied, each layer is about 80µm, and the total thickness is about 320µm;

[0093] Step 2, preparation of conductive strip and sensor. The copper conductive strip is polished with sandpaper, the conductive strip is 2000×40mm in length and width, and is laid and embedded in the thermal insulation layer at an interval of 400mm, and the pt100 temperature sensor is implanted at the center position of the region and the temperature measurement wire is drawn out, and the room temperature is placed for 48 hours, and the thermal insulation layer is completely cured;

[0094] Step 3, heating layer and packaging layer preparation. The acrylic fiber film is carbonized in a high-temperature carbonization furnace at 1200°C for 12 hours to obtain carbon fiber cloth. The dried three-layer carbon cloth is placed on the three-layer glass fiber sheet, and the carbon cloth is pasted on the packaging layer using conductive adhesive. The heating layer and the packaging layer are fixed and tightly joined using a fastening clamp, and cured at room temperature for more than 24 hours;

[0095] Step 4, epoxy resin packaging molding. After the heating layer is cured, fill 2 layers of copper wire mesh between the conductive layer and the copper conductive strip. The positive and negative electrodes of the copper conductive strip are respectively led out of the cable line. Mix bisphenol epoxy resin A and B glue in a 1:1 ratio and stir well. Apply to the thermal insulation layer and the packaging layer. Use a fastening clamp to fix the thermal insulation layer and the packaging layer, and cure at room temperature for more than 24 hours;

[0096] Step 5, pulse electric heating circuit configuration. The power supply (48V DC power supply) is connected to the inductor to increase the output current stability. The inductor is 8mh, and the output is divided into two paths. One is directly connected to the input end of the relay (action time 20ms), and the other is connected to the input end of the relay through a fixed capacitor (discharge power 830W / m 2 , discharge time 0.6s). The relay output is connected to the lead-out line of the finished heating plate conductive strip through the wire. The temperature sensor (temperature measurement accuracy ±0.05°C) signal line is connected to the relay control end through the temperature controller (temperature measurement accuracy ±0.5°C);

[0097] Step 6, micron array structure stamp preparation. Take a flat aluminum plate, polish the surface smooth along the orthogonal direction using 1500 mesh metallographic sandpaper, then use polishing paste and polishing paper to polish to mirror surface. Configure 0.2mol / L hydrochloric acid solution, place the aluminum plate in the solution for 15 seconds, then transfer it to deionized water to clean the surface residual acid. Configure a mixed solution of 5% nitric acid and 2% potassium dichromate, quickly transfer the aluminum plate cleaned of residual acid to the mixed solution for rapid passivation oxidation, soak for 8-10 minutes, then transfer it to deionized water to clean the surface residual passivation solution. Dry the aluminum plate cleaned of residual passivation solution, use a laser etching machine to etch a micron array on the dried aluminum plate, with an array structure spacing of 45µm;

[0098] Step 7, packaging layer surface micron array structure preparation. Use a polishing machine to polish the surface of the packaging layer until it is completely flat. Use a micron array etched aluminum plate to press on the surface of the packaging layer, and use a fastening clamp to fix the etched plate and the packaging layer. After disassembly, the preparation is completed;

[0099] Step 8, packaging layer surface nano array structure preparation. Mix 50mL of tetrabutyl titanate (C 16 H 36O4Ti)was placed in 200 mL of ethanol, sealed with a sealing film, and the container was filled with nitrogen as a protective gas. The solution was slowly heated to 35°C on a heating plate, and was stirred for 3 minutes using magnetic stirring. The solution was quickly transferred to a liquid spray gun, and 0.3 MPa compressed air was used as a gas source. The spray head was 20 cm away from the encapsulation layer, and the solution was uniformly sprayed on the surface of the encapsulation layer. The encapsulation layer was placed in a drying oven at 50°C for 2 hours;

[0100] Step 9, the two-layer array structure was reinforced by atomic deposition. The precursors were SiCl4 and H2O, the precursors were heated to 150°C during the deposition process, and the deposition time was 30 seconds. The encapsulation layer was placed in an atomic deposition reactor until the end;

[0101] Step 10, chemical group grafting was performed on the surface of the reinforced double-scale array structure. The leaf blade treated above was placed in a vacuum tank, and the encapsulation layer was exposed to the environment. The vacuum tank was pumped to a vacuum (pressure of 310 Pa) using a vacuum pump. Tridecafluoro-octyl triethoxysilane (C 14 H 19 F 13 O3Si) was used as a chemical treatment agent. The tridecafluoro-octyl triethoxysilane was heated to 150°C, and its vapor was introduced into the vacuum tank for 25 minutes.

[0102] An application strategy of pulse electric heating and super-hydrophobic interface structure for anti-icing of a fan blade is as follows:

[0103] Step 1, when the environmental humidity is higher than 90% and the environmental temperature starts to decrease to zero, the electric pulse is not enabled, and only the super-hydrophobic interface layer is used for anti-icing.

[0104] Step 2, when the environmental temperature decreases to -4°C, the third switch and the fourth switch are closed, the first switch and the second switch are opened, the pulse electric heating is started, the target temperature of the temperature controller is set to 0.5-1°C, the on-off ratio of the automatic control relay is at a small level, the heating layer slowly releases heat to maintain the blade surface temperature in the target temperature range, and the blade does not freeze in combination with the super-hydrophobic interface layer.

[0105] Step 3, when the environmental temperature continues to decrease to -8°C, the blade surface heat dissipation speed increases, and the blade surface temperature will be difficult to maintain in the target temperature range. At this time, continuous heating is maintained to maximize the delay of the icing time.

[0106] Step 4, when the ambient temperature is reduced to a lower temperature, icing will be inevitable, at this time, the first switch, the second switch, the third switch and the fourth switch are opened, the pulse electric heating is closed, after the extreme weather passes, the ambient temperature rises, at this time, the ice layer attached to the surface of the blade has not yet fallen off, the first switch and the second switch are closed, the third switch and the fourth switch are opened, the pulse electric heating is restarted, the fixed capacitor is discharged to increase the discharge power and improve the interface instantaneous temperature, so that the extremely thin ice layer at the interface is rapidly melted and falls off, and the ice melting time before the fan starts after the extreme weather is significantly shortened.

[0107] The pulse electric heating and super-hydrophobic interface structure for preventing and removing ice on a fan blade and the application strategy performance thereof are described as follows:

[0108] A low-temperature and high-humidity refrigerator is used to provide a test environment, the ambient temperature is controlled to be-8~3℃, the ambient humidity is controlled to be 90~95%, a 3KW small fan is used as a test object, the fan blade substrate is glass steel, and the surface is coated with polyurethane paint. During the test process, the blade rotating speed is 300-400 revolutions per minute, and the wind speed is 12-15m / s. The test results show that under static conditions, the contact angle of the blade is 154°, and the rolling angle is 7°. When the ambient temperature is above-0.5℃, the blade does not ice within 12 hours without using pulse electric heating. When the ambient temperature is between-3.5~-0.5℃, the blade does not ice within 12 hours with pulse electric heating. When the ambient temperature is-6℃, the blade starts to ice at the 2.7th hour with pulse electric heating, and the blade starts to ice 5 minutes after the test starts without pulse electric heating. After icing for 4 hours, the ice layer completely separates from the blade after 5 pulses by using the fixed capacitor pulse heating method, and the ice layer falls off immediately after slight vibration. Under dynamic conditions, when the ambient temperature is above 0℃, the blade does not ice within 12 hours without using pulse electric heating. When the ambient temperature is between-3~0℃, the blade does not ice within 12 hours with pulse electric heating. When the ambient temperature is-6℃, the blade starts to ice at the 2.1th hour with pulse electric heating, and the blade starts to ice 4 minutes after the test starts without pulse electric heating. After icing for 4 hours, the ice layer falls off rapidly under the centrifugal force of the blade rotation after 2 pulses by using the fixed capacitor pulse heating method.

[0109] As Figure 4 shown in the temperature distribution diagram of the heating layer near the ice removal process after the fixed capacitor pulse discharge, it can be seen that the closer the distance from the heating layer, the higher the temperature, and the better the ice removal effect.

[0110] The above merely provides the specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited to this. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of the changes or replacements within the technical range disclosed by the present application, which should be covered in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A structure for de-icing of a wind turbine blade, c h a r a c t e r i s e d in that The application relates to a pulse electric heating structure and a super-hydrophobic interface structure, wherein the pulse electric heating structure comprises a heat insulation layer arranged on a blade base, an electrically-conductive belt and a temperature sensor embedded in the heat insulation layer, a heating layer and an encapsulation layer are sequentially arranged on the heat insulation layer; the pulse electric heating structure further comprises a power supply, a fixed capacitor, a relay and a temperature controller; the super-hydrophobic interface structure comprises a double-scale array structure arranged on the encapsulation layer, the double-scale array structure comprises a surface micrometer array structure and a surface nanometer array structure, a deposition strengthening structure is arranged on the double-scale array structure, and a chemical group is grafted on the deposition strengthening structure; a first output end of the power supply is divided into two paths, one path is connected to a first input end of the relay through a third switch, and the other path is connected to the first input end of the relay through a fixed capacitor and a first switch; a second output end of the power supply is divided into two paths, one path is connected to a second input end of the relay through a fourth switch, and the other path is connected to the second input end of the relay through a fixed capacitor and a second switch.

2. A structure for preventing and removing ice from a blade of a wind turbine according to claim 1, wherein A cable line led out by the electrically-conductive belt is connected to a relay output end; a signal line led out by the temperature sensor is connected to a relay control end through a temperature controller.

3. A structure for de-icing of a wind turbine blade according to claim 1 or 2, c h a r a c t e r i s e d in that The power supply provides a heating current or charges the fixed capacitor; the fixed capacitor provides transient high electric power in the ice melting process; the temperature controller controls the relay to realize a heating layer power-on / power-off time ratio through temperature sensor signal feedback; the electrically-conductive belt uniformly distributes electric energy to the heating layer; the heating layer generates resistance heat after being powered on, and transmits heat to an ice layer attached to the blade; the heat insulation layer is arranged between the heating layer and the blade base, and insulates heat conduction to the blade; the encapsulation layer is arranged above the heating layer and fixes the heating layer.

4. The structure for de-icing of a wind turbine blade according to claim 1, wherein The surface micrometer array structure supports large-scale water drops; and the surface nanometer array structure supports small-scale water drops.

5. The structure for de-icing of a wind turbine blade according to claim 1, wherein The deposition strengthening structure is a molecular layer deposited on the surface of the double-scale array structure, so as to strengthen the mechanical strength and wear resistance of the double-scale array structure.

6. A structure for de-icing of wind turbine blades according to claim 1 or 4 or 5, characterized in that, One end of the chemical group is a group capable of closely bonding with the double-scale array structure; and the other end is a non-polar group with weak interaction with water molecules.

7. A method for the production of a structure for the de-icing of a wind turbine blade, suitable for use in a structure for the de-icing of a wind turbine blade according to any of the claims 1-6, characterised in that, The application further discloses a preparation method of the pulse electric heating structure and the super-hydrophobic interface structure. Step S1: heat insulation layer preparation, a heat insulation coating is uniformly coated on a blade surface after being mixed with a curing agent; Step S2: electrically-conductive belt and temperature sensor preparation, the electrically-conductive belt is embedded in the heat insulation layer at a certain interval, and the temperature sensor is implanted and a signal line is led out at the same time; Step S3: heating layer and encapsulation layer preparation, the heating layer is coated on the encapsulation layer, and a pressing device is used to press the heating layer and the encapsulation layer to be closely combined; Step S4: epoxy resin encapsulation forming, copper wire mesh is filled between the heating layer and the electrically-conductive belt, cable lines are led out from positive and negative poles of the electrically-conductive belt, epoxy resin mixed glue is coated between the heat insulation layer and the encapsulation layer, and a fastening clamp is used to fix the heat insulation layer and the encapsulation layer; Step S5: pulse electric heating circuit configuration, a power supply output end is connected to a relay input end in two paths, a relay output end is connected to an electrically-conductive belt cable line, and a temperature sensor signal line is connected to a relay control end through a temperature controller. Step S6: Microarray structure stamp preparation, using a laser etching machine to etch a microarray on the pre-processed aluminum plate; Step S7: Preparation of the surface microarray structure of the encapsulation layer, press the microarray etched aluminum plate on the surface of the encapsulation layer, and use a pressurizing device to pressurize; Step S8: Preparation of the surface nanoarray structure of the encapsulation layer, uniformly spray the prepared solution on the surface of the encapsulation layer, and dry the encapsulation layer after repeated spraying; Step S9: Strengthen the double-scale array structure by atomic deposition method, place the encapsulation layer treated in step S8 in the atomic deposition reactor; Step S10: Perform chemical group grafting on the surface of the strengthened double-scale array structure, place the blade treated above in a vacuum tank, expose the encapsulation layer to the environment, and pass the vapor of tridecafluorooctyltriethoxysilane heated to 150-155℃ into the vacuum tank.

8. A method of manufacturing a structure for de-icing of a wind turbine blade according to claim 7, wherein In step S6, the pre-treatment process of the aluminum plate is as follows: take a thin aluminum plate, polish it to a smooth surface along the orthogonal direction using a metallographic sandpaper, then polish it to a mirror surface using polishing paste and polishing paper, configure a 0.2 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution, place the aluminum plate in the solution for a certain period of time, remove the surface oxide film, then transfer it to deionized water to clean the surface of residual acid, configure a mixed solution of 5% nitric acid and 2% potassium dichromate, quickly transfer the aluminum plate cleaned of residual acid to the mixed solution for rapid passivation oxidation, soak for a certain period of time, then transfer it to deionized water to clean the surface of residual passivation solution, and take out the aluminum plate cleaned of residual passivation solution for drying.

9. A method of manufacturing a structure for de-icing of a wind turbine blade according to claim 7 or 8, wherein In step S8, the pre-preparation process of the solution is as follows: place a certain amount of tetrabutyl titanate in ethanol, seal it with a sealing film, introduce nitrogen gas as a protective gas into the container, slowly heat, and stir for a certain period of time using magnetic stirring.

10. A method for de-icing a structure for de-icing a wind turbine blade, adapted to a structure for de-icing a wind turbine blade according to any of the claims 1-6, c h a r a c t e r i s e d i n that Comprising the following steps: Step A1: When the environmental humidity is higher than 90% and the environmental temperature starts to decrease to zero, do not enable the pulse electric heating structure, and only use the super-hydrophobic interface structure to prevent icing; Step A2: When the environmental temperature decreases to -4℃, close the third switch and the fourth switch, open the first switch and the second switch, start the pulse electric heating structure, set the target temperature of the temperature controller to 0.5-1℃, automatically control the on-off ratio of the relay, and slowly release heat from the heating layer to maintain the surface temperature of the blade within the target temperature range, combined with the effect of the super-hydrophobic interface structure, the blade does not ice; Step A3: When the environmental temperature continues to decrease to -8℃, the surface heat dissipation speed of the blade increases, and the surface temperature of the blade will be difficult to maintain within the target temperature range, at this time, keep heating continuously to maximize the delay of icing time; Step A4: When the environmental temperature decreases to a lower temperature, at this time, open the first switch, the second switch, the third switch, and the fourth switch, close the pulse electric heating structure, after the extreme weather passes, the environmental temperature rises, at this time, the ice layer attached to the surface of the blade has not fallen off, close the first switch and the second switch, open the third switch and the fourth switch, restart the pulse electric heating structure, and use the fixed capacitor to discharge to quickly melt and remove the extremely thin ice layer at the interface.

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