Anti-falling structure of automatic right-angle head and adaptive mechanical driving interface

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of numerical control machine tool accessory head, specifically to an anti-falling structure of an automatic right-angle head and an adaptive mechanical driving interface, which comprises the following aspects: on the one hand, the anti-falling structure of the accessory head is generally located in the taper hole of the nose end of the main shaft of the numerical control machine tool, thus not affecting the design of the machine tool and the accessory head in appearance, and thus being compact; on the other hand, the spring broach mechanism of the numerical control machine tool is used as a force-bearing carrier, so that the structure is not affected by the power failure of the machine tool and is highly reliable; in addition, the exchange process of the accessory head does not cause any redundant associated actions, thus being fast and efficient; finally, the related mechanical driving transmission members are optimized in structure design to ensure the realization of the design target and to realize the transmission of large torque.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of numerical control machine tool accessory head, in particular to an anti-falling structure of an automatic right-angle head and an adaptive mechanical drive interface. BACKGROUND

[0002] The right-angle head or other functional accessory head configured on a numerical control gantry machine tool to realize vertical-horizontal conversion is combined with the machine tool in several modes including manual, semi-automatic and full-automatic. In recent years, with the increase of labor cost and the requirement of work efficiency, the full-automatic exchange mode is more and more widely used. The full-automatic exchange process of the accessory head requires that the electric, gas and liquid quick coupling joints are correctly connected, and there is a tensioning mechanism to firmly and reliably lock the accessory head with the end surface of the machine tool ram, and prevent the accessory head from falling off and being damaged. The current solutions for locking and anti-falling of the accessory head are mainly two kinds: one is the Hydrodock clamping system which combines the functions of tensioning and anti-falling of the accessory head, and has compact structure and friction self-locking structure; the other is to arrange four tensioning pins on the connecting plate of the accessory head, and to set a hydraulic cylinder on the end of the machine tool ram to realize the tensioning of the accessory head by using the tensioning claw commonly used for main shafts, while the anti-falling of the accessory head is usually realized by an independent structure.

[0003] The current independent anti-falling structure mainly has the following methods, for example, the invention patent with publication number CN103071841A proposes an accessory milling head anti-falling device, which adopts a horizontally arranged hydraulic cylinder, the piston of which is connected with a guard claw, when the hydraulic cylinder is de-pressurized, the spring pushes the guard claw into a ring groove to prevent the accessory head from falling off; when the hydraulic cylinder is pressurized, the spring is compressed and the guard claw is pulled out of the ring groove, so that the accessory head can be installed or removed; there is also a hook device arranged on the outside of the accessory head, the accessory head is clamped by the hook to prevent falling off on the protrusion of the ram; when the accessory head is installed or removed, the hook of the device is opened through the linkage of several components, and after the accessory head is in place, the hook is closed and clamped through the linkage; a compression spring is placed in the lower cavity of the ram hydraulic cylinder, and the spring force is always upward, so that when the machine tool loses power or the hydraulic system loses pressure, the spring force always acts on the accessory head tensioning pin, so that there is no danger of falling off; the first method introduces a new power source, which increases the cost and complexity; the second method uses a hook device, which must be actuated every time during the exchange process, and it is not easy to maintain reliability and efficiency; the method of placing a spring in the oil cylinder of the tensioning head will reduce the locking force under the same hydraulic pressure, and will increase the thickness of the transition connecting plate on the machine tool ram, increase the overhang of the accessory head, and affect the stiffness.

[0004] In view of the above deficiencies, the present application proposes an anti-falling structure of an automatic right-angle head and an adaptive mechanical drive interface. SUMMARY

[0005] The application provides an anti-falling structure of an automatic right-angle head and an adaptive mechanical driving interface.

[0006] The application solves the technical problems by the technical scheme that an anti-falling structure of an automatic right-angle head and an adaptive mechanical driving interface, comprising a connecting plate, a fixing sleeve, a transmission sleeve and a main shaft box, the square connecting plate is located at the upper end of the main shaft box, the upper surface of the connecting plate is provided with two guide pins, four locking pull nails arranged in diagonal lines and a plurality of quick plug-in coupling joints, a stepped hole is formed in the center of the connecting plate, the bottom end of the connecting plate is provided with the fixing sleeve, the transmission sleeve is inserted into the center hole of the fixing sleeve, the transmission sleeve is in combined motion with the main shaft box, and the bottom end of the main shaft box is fixedly provided with a horizontal main shaft and a tool unloading cylinder.

[0007] Specifically, the upper end of the transmission sleeve is fixedly provided with an internal gear, the outer cylindrical surface of the lower part of the internal gear is matched with the inner hole of a plane needle bearing, the plane needle bearing is arranged in the internal part of the fixing sleeve, the internal gear is located in correspondence with an external gear, and the external gear is fixed on a transmission shaft.

[0008] Specifically, the flat key is fixed on the transmission shaft, the external gear is clamped with the flat key, the transmission shaft is threadedly connected with a locking nut, the locking nut is in abutment with the external gear, and the external gear is fixed on the transmission shaft through the locking nut and the flat key.

[0009] Specifically, the external gear is in abutment with the inner ring of a deep groove ball bearing, the deep groove ball bearing is arranged in the center hole of the connecting plate, the outer ring of the deep groove ball bearing is fixed by a bearing pressing sleeve, the bearing pressing sleeve is fixed on the connecting plate, the upper surface of the bearing pressing sleeve is provided with a plurality of concentric stepped annular rings, and the stepped annular rings and the annular rings on the transmission disc are combined into a sealed cavity.

[0010] Specifically, the external dimension of the locking nut is smaller than the addendum circle of the internal gear, the blind hole at the lower end of the transmission disc is in centering cooperation with the cylindrical surface of the transmission shaft, the transmission shaft is fixed by a screw through the end face key, and the end face key transmits torque, the center screw thread of the end face key is provided with a countersunk hole at the upper end, the blind hole of the transmission disc is cut out of the outer cylindrical surface and retains the integrity of the innermost concentric annular ring.

[0011] Specifically, the upper surface of the transmission disc is provided with two center-symmetrical U-shaped key grooves, a stepped blind hole is formed in the first stepped surface of the connecting plate, a spring one is arranged in the blind hole, the spring one is in abutment with a locking pin, the locking pin is arranged in the groove at the upper part of the blind hole, the locking pin is opposite to the bayonet of the transmission disc, the cylindrical guide section of the locking pin is inserted into the blind hole, and the upper end of the locking pin extends out of the round hole of the stopper, and the stopper is fixed on the connecting plate.

[0012] Specific, the center of the transmission disc has a threaded hole, the threaded hole is threadedly connected with an internal hexagonal screw, the internal hexagonal screw is slidingly connected with a tool shank, the tool shank is provided with spring two and spring three, the spring two is in abutment with the internal hexagonal screw, and the tool shank is floatingly supported through the spring two and the spring three; the flat end locking screw locks the internal hexagonal screw, and the head of the flat end locking screw is provided with an extension, so that the flat end locking screw is embedded in the counterbore of the end face key and does not interfere.

[0013] Specific, the tool shank is fixed with a fixed pull stud, and the tool shank is provided with three segments, wherein the upper segment is a standard tool shank conical surface, the middle segment is a cylindrical surface, and the lower segment is a rotary flange surface; a fan-shaped stepped block is arranged in the counterbore outside the center threaded hole of the transmission disc.

[0014] The present application has the following advantages:

[0015] On the one hand, the accessory head anti-falling structure is generally located in the taper hole of the nose end of the main shaft of the numerical control machine tool, so that it does not affect the design of the machine tool and the accessory head in appearance, and is compact; on the other hand, the spring broach mechanism of the numerical control machine tool is used as a force bearing carrier, so that the structure is not affected by power failure of the machine tool, and is highly reliable; in addition, the exchange process of the accessory head does not cause any associated action, and is fast and efficient; finally, the related mechanical driving transmission parts are optimized in structure to ensure the realization of the design target, and large torque can be transmitted. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] The present application will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments.

[0017] Fig. 1 is a front view of the present application;

[0018] Fig. 2 is a side view of the present application.

[0019] In the drawings: 1, connecting plate; 2, fixed sleeve; 3, flat key; 4, flat face needle bearing; 5, locking nut; 6, main shaft box; 7, horizontal main shaft; 8, tool unloading oil cylinder; 9, transmission sleeve; 10, external gear; 11, internal gear; 12, deep groove ball bearing; 13, bearing pressing sleeve; 14, transmission disc; 15, quick plug-in coupling; 16, locking pull stud; 17, end face key; 18, tool shank; 19, fixed pull stud; 20, guide pin; 21, stop block; 22, catch pin; 23, spring one; 24, transmission shaft; 25, flat end locking screw; 26, fan-shaped stepped block; 27, internal hexagonal screw; 28, spring two; 29, spring three. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to make the technical means, creative features, purposes and effects realized by the present application easy to understand, the present application will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0021] As Figs. 1-2 shown, the anti-falling structure of the automatic right-angle head and the adaptive mechanical driving interface include a connecting plate 1, a fixing sleeve 2, a transmission sleeve 9, and a spindle box 6. The square connecting plate 1 is located at the upper end of the spindle box 6. The upper surface of the connecting plate 1 is provided with two guide pins 20, four diagonal locking lugs 16, and a plurality of quick coupling joints 15. A stepped hole is formed in the center of the connecting plate 1. The bottom end of the connecting plate 1 is provided with the fixing sleeve 2. The transmission sleeve 9 is inserted into the center hole of the fixing sleeve 2. The transmission sleeve 9 moves together with the spindle box 6. The bottom end of the spindle box 6 is fixed with a horizontal spindle 7 and a tool unloading cylinder 8.

[0022] Specifically, the upper end of the transmission sleeve 9 is fixedly provided with an internal gear 11. The outer cylindrical surface of the lower part of the internal gear 11 is matched with the inner hole of a plane needle bearing 4. The plane needle bearing 4 is arranged in the interior of the fixing sleeve 2. The internal gear 11 corresponds to the position of an external gear 10. The external gear 10 is fixed on a transmission shaft 24. When the stepped surface of the internal gear 11 is attached to the plane needle bearing 4, the gears will be in meshing state.

[0023] Specifically, the flat key 3 is fixed on the transmission shaft 24. The external gear 10 is clamped with the flat key 3. The transmission shaft 24 is threadedly connected with a locking nut 5. The locking nut 5 is in contact with the external gear 10. The external gear 10 is fixed on the transmission shaft 24 through the locking nut 5 and the flat key 3.

[0024] Specifically, the external gear 10 is in contact with the inner ring of a deep groove ball bearing 12. The deep groove ball bearing 12 is installed in the center hole of the connecting plate 1. The outer ring of the deep groove ball bearing 12 is fixed by a bearing pressing sleeve 13. The bearing pressing sleeve 13 is fixed on the connecting plate 1. The upper surface of the bearing pressing sleeve 13 has a plurality of concentric stepped annular rings. The stepped annular rings and the annular rings on the transmission disc 14 form a sealed cavity.

[0025] Specifically, the outer dimension of the locking nut 5 is smaller than the addendum circle of the internal gear 11, the lower end blind hole of the transmission disc 14 is centered with the cylindrical surface of the transmission shaft 24, the transmission shaft 24 is fixed with the end face key 17 through a screw, and the torque is transmitted by the end face key 17, the center threaded upper end of the end face key 17 is provided with a countersunk hole, the lower end surface groove of the transmission disc 14 cuts out the external cylindrical surface of the blind hole and retains the integrity of the innermost concentric ring, so as to ensure that the key 17 is matched to obtain the maximum effective matching height and length, and the transmission capacity is improved; the upper surface of the transmission disc 14 is provided with two center-symmetrical "U"-shaped key grooves, which are used for the introduction of the main shaft power of the numerical control machine tool, two stepped through holes are arranged at the arc segment (process surface generated during machining) of the root of the key groove, the number of connecting screws with the transmission shaft 24 is increased to further improve the combined stiffness, the position close to the edge is machined with a bayonet at a phase of 90° with the key groove, and the initial position of each transmission member during the accessory head exchange process is determined by cooperating with the clamping pin 22; the first stepped surface of the connecting plate 1 is provided with a stepped blind hole, spring one 23 is placed in the blind hole, spring one 23 abuts against the clamping pin 22, the clamping pin 22 is arranged in the slotted upper part of the blind hole, the clamping pin 22 is opposite to the bayonet of the transmission disc 14, the cylindrical guide segment of the clamping pin 22 is inserted into the blind hole, and the upper end of the clamping pin 22 extends out of the round hole in the stop block 21; the stop block 21 is fixed to the connecting plate 1.

[0026] Specifically, the center of the transmission disc 14 is provided with a threaded hole, the internal hexagonal screw 27 is threadedly connected in the threaded hole, the internal hexagonal screw 27 is in sliding connection with the tool shank 18, the spring two 28 and the spring three 29 are arranged in the tool shank 18, the spring two 28 abuts against the internal hexagonal screw 27, the tool shank 18 is floatingly supported through the spring two 28 and the spring three 29, and the stepped surface in the through hole of the tool shank 18 separates the two springs; the flat end set screw 25 locks the internal hexagonal screw 27, the head of the flat end set screw 25 extends out and is embedded in the counterbore of the end face key 17 without interference; the fixed pull pin 19 is fixed on the tool shank 18, and the shape of the tool shank 18 comprises three segments, the upper segment is a standard tool shank conical surface, the middle segment is a cylindrical surface, and the lower segment is a rotary flange surface; the counterbore outside the center threaded hole of the transmission disc 14 is provided with a fan-shaped stepped block 26, the stepped part of the fan-shaped stepped block 26 covers the corresponding part of the flange surface of the tool shank 18 and leaves a gap, and the fan-shaped stepped block 26 and its mounting screw are below the imaginary conical surface of the tool shank as a whole.

[0027] In use, the accessory head is aligned with the main shaft (or ram) of the numerical control gantry machine tool by the guidance of the guide pin 20 when it is loaded into the machine tool for work, the several quick coupling joints 15 are connected, the bayonet catch 22 is pressed down and disengaged from the bayonet, the four locking draw pins 16 and the fixing draw pin 19 are respectively pulled tight by the hydraulic cylinder and the main shaft knife clamping system of the machine tool, and the power is introduced through the transmission disc 14, so that the work can be carried out: when the outer gear 10 is engaged with the inner gear 11, the rotating weight falls on the plane bearing 4, and the main shaft box 6 is driven to carry out C-shaft indexing action through the transmission sleeve 9; when the outer gear 10 is disengaged from the inner gear 11, the power of the transmission shaft 24 will be transmitted to the transverse main shaft 7 to make rotary motion, so that horizontal machining tasks can be carried out; when the hydraulic system or the electric control system fails or other human factors cause misoperation, eventually leading to the failure of the accessory head draw pin 16 without correct locking, the weight of the right angle head or the accessory head will fall on the fan-shaped stepped block 26, which is finally borne by the disc spring draw tool system of the numerical control gantry machine tool, thereby avoiding the safety production accidents caused by falling off or the damage of the angle head. The dismounting process of the accessory head is opposite to the sequence of the loading process, on the one hand, the accessory head anti-falling structure is generally in the nose end taper hole of the main shaft of the numerical control machine tool, so that it does not have any influence on the design of the machine tool and the accessory head in appearance, and is compact; on the other hand, the spring draw tool mechanism of the numerical control machine tool is used as a force bearing carrier, so that the structure is not affected by the power failure of the machine tool and is highly reliable; in addition, the exchange process of the accessory head does not cause any redundant associated action, so it is fast and efficient; finally, the related mechanical drive transmission parts are optimized in structure design to ensure the realization of the design target and can realize the transmission of large torque; the space occupied by the tool holder is fully utilized, which is compact and practical; through the optimized arrangement of the related transmission parts matched with the structure, the torque can be transmitted to more than 2000 Nm under the premise of occupying the same space, which meets the design target requirement without increasing the size of the right angle head, thereby facilitating the compact design of the machine tool; and the structure has a certain universality and can be applied to similar accessory heads, such as universal angle heads and extension heads; in addition, during the exchange process of the right angle head, no additional response action is added due to the introduction of the structure, so it is reliable and efficient.

[0028] It will be obvious to a person skilled in the art that, without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the application, the present application can be implemented in other specific forms. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the application being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the description given above, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0029] Furthermore, it should be understood that although the specification is described in terms of embodiments, not every embodiment includes every feature described. The specification can include implicit combinations of explicitly mentioned features and / or explicit combinations of implicitely mentioned features. Each embodiment depends on the explicit combinations of features and / or the implicit combinations of features made specifically within that embodiment, and each such embodiment can be combined with every other such embodiment to create further embodiments.

Claims

1. A fall-prevention structure of an automatic right-angle head and an adaptive mechanical drive interface, characterized in that, The utility model relates to a kind of main shaft box, including connecting plate (1), fixed sleeve (2), transmission sleeve (9) and main shaft box (6), the connecting plate (1) of quadrilateral is in the upper end of main shaft box (6), the upper surface of the connecting plate (1) is equipped with two guide pins (20), four diagonal direction arrangement locking pull nail (16) and several quick insertion coupling joints (15);Stair hole is opened in the center of connecting plate (1), the bottom end of the connecting plate (1) is equipped with fixed sleeve (2), transmission sleeve (9) is passed in the central hole of fixed sleeve (2), transmission sleeve (9) is associated with main shaft box (6) and moves together;The bottom end of the main shaft box (6) is fixed with horizontal main shaft (7) and unloading tool oil cylinder (8); The upper end of the transmission sleeve (9) is fixedly installed inner gear (11), the outer cylindrical surface of the lower part of the inner gear (11) is matched with the inner hole of plane needle bearing (4), the plane needle bearing (4) is arranged in the inside of fixed sleeve (2), the inner gear (11) is corresponding with the position of outer gear (10), the outer gear (10) is fixed on transmission shaft (24); The outer gear (10) is in contact with the inner ring of deep groove ball bearing (12), the deep groove ball bearing (12) is installed in the central hole of connecting plate (1);The outer ring of the deep groove ball bearing (12) is fixed by bearing pressing sleeve (13), the bearing pressing sleeve (13) is fixed on the connecting plate (1), and the upper surface of the bearing pressing sleeve (13) has a plurality of concentric step annular rings, which are combined with the annular rings on the transmission disc (14) to form a sealed cavity. The center of the transmission disc (14) has a threaded hole, the inner hexagonal screw (27) is threadedly connected in the threaded hole, the inner hexagonal screw (27) is slidably connected between the tool shank (18), the spring two (28) and the spring three (29) are arranged in the tool shank (18), the spring two (28) is in contact with the inner hexagonal screw (27), and the tool shank (18) is floatingly supported by the spring two (28) and the spring three (29);The inner hexagonal screw (27) is locked by flat-end locking screw (25), and the head thereof is protruded and buried in the counterbore of end face key (17), without interference;The tool shank (18) is fixedly provided with a fixed pull nail (19), and the tool shank (18) has three features, including a standard tool shank conical surface, a cylindrical surface and a rotary flange surface, and the counterbore outside the central threaded hole of the transmission disc (14) is provided with a fan-shaped step block (26).

2. The anti-falling structure of an automatic right angle head and the adaptive mechanical driving interface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer gear (10) is engaged with the flat key (3), the flat key (3) is fixed on the transmission shaft (24), the transmission shaft (24) is threadedly connected with the locking nut (5), the locking nut (5) is in contact with the outer gear (10), and the outer gear (10) is fixed on the transmission shaft (24) by the locking nut (5) and the flat key (3).

3. The anti-falling structure of an automatic right angle head and the adaptive mechanical driving interface according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outer dimension of the lock nut (5) is smaller than the addendum circle of the internal gear (11), the lower blind hole of the transmission disc (14) is centered with the cylindrical surface of the transmission shaft (24), the transmission shaft (24) is fixed with the end face key (17) through a screw, and the torque is transmitted by the end face key (17), the center threaded upper end of the end face key (17) is provided with a countersunk hole, the lower end surface groove of the transmission disc (14) is cut out of the external cylindrical surface of the blind hole and the integrity of the innermost concentric ring is reserved.

4. The anti-falling structure of an automatic right angle head and the adaptive mechanical driving interface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper surface of the transmission disc (14) is provided with two central symmetric "U"-shaped key grooves; the first stepped blind hole is opened on the first stepped surface of the connecting plate (1), spring one (23) is placed in the inside of the blind hole, spring one (23) is in contact with the bayonet pin (22), a section of groove is opened on the upper part of the blind hole, the bayonet pin (22) is arranged in the groove, the bayonet pin (22) is opposite to the bayonet of the transmission disc (14), the cylindrical guide section of the bayonet pin (22) is inserted into the blind hole, the upper end of the bayonet pin (22) is stretched out from the round hole on the stop block (21); the stop block (21) is fixed on the connecting plate (1).

Images