A machining fixture and machining method for polyurethane wear-resistant components

Abstract

This invention discloses a turning fixture for polyurethane wear-resistant components, comprising: a mandrel, at least two clamping blocks, and a locking assembly. A baffle is fitted around the mandrel. The two clamping blocks are slidably fitted around the mandrel along its axial direction. The component is fitted around the mandrel and located between the two clamping blocks. One clamping block is in limiting contact with the baffle. The locking assembly is fitted around the mandrel and located on the side of the other clamping block opposite to the baffle. The locking assembly and the side of the other clamping block opposite to the baffle are elastically in limiting contact, thereby clamping the component. This invention effectively clamps components that are elastic, reducing machining difficulty and improving machining accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of polyurethane wear-resistant component manufacturing, and particularly to a turning fixture and turning method for polyurethane wear-resistant components. Background Technology

[0002] The wear-resistant components of pigging tools are usually made of polyurethane casting. The outer cylindrical surface of the wear-resistant components requires accurate dimensions and a smooth and flat surface. The outer cylindrical surface of polyurethane wear-resistant components cast by mold has mold parting line marks and is also prone to casting defects such as bubbles, pits, and scratches. Therefore, the outer cylindrical surface is usually machined after casting to obtain a smooth, flat, and dimensionally accurate outer cylindrical surface. Since polyurethane material is an elastomer, it is difficult to clamp during machining, which affects the machining accuracy. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned problems in existing component turning processes, this paper aims to provide a turning fixture and turning method for polyurethane wear-resistant components that offers better clamping performance and improved machining accuracy.

[0004] The specific technical solution is as follows:

[0005] A turning fixture for a polyurethane wear-resistant component includes: a mandrel, at least two clamping blocks, and a locking assembly. A baffle is sleeved on the outside of the mandrel. The two clamping blocks are slidably sleeved on the outside of the mandrel along the axial direction of the mandrel. The component is sleeved on the outside of the mandrel and located between the two clamping blocks. One of the clamping blocks is in limiting contact with the baffle. The locking assembly is sleeved on the outside of the mandrel and located on the side of the other clamping block opposite to the baffle. The locking assembly is elastically limiting contact with the side of the other clamping block opposite to the baffle, so that the two clamping blocks clamp the component.

[0006] As a further improvement and optimization of this solution, the locking assembly includes a clamping sleeve and a top clamping plate sleeved on the outside of the mandrel. The clamping sleeve is disposed between the top clamping plate and another clamping block, and there is an elastic element between the clamping sleeve and the top clamping plate. By squeezing the top clamping plate inward and compressing the elastic element, the clamping sleeve elastically limits and resists the other clamping block.

[0007] As a further improvement and optimization of this solution, the elastic element is two disc springs set outside the spindle.

[0008] As a further improvement and optimization of this solution, the locking assembly also includes a housing, which is an open structure at both ends. One end of the clamping sleeve is coaxially disposed inside the housing, and the other end is in limiting contact with another clamping block. Two disc springs are coaxially sleeved inside the housing, and the top clamping plate is coaxially slidably disposed inside the housing. By pressing the top clamping plate inward and compressing the two disc springs, the clamping sleeve can elastically limit contact with the other clamping block.

[0009] As a further improvement and optimization of this solution, one open end of the housing has a built-in step, one end of the clamping sleeve has a first external step, the first external step is in a limiting engagement with the built-in step, the other open end of the housing is detachably fitted with a limiting ring, the limiting ring is sleeved on the outside of the top clamping plate, and the outside of the top clamping plate near the disc spring has a second external step, the second external step is in a limiting engagement with the limiting ring.

[0010] As a further improvement and optimization of this solution, the other opening end of the housing has an inner recessed groove, and the limiting ring is fixed in the inner recessed groove by screws.

[0011] As a further improvement and optimization of this solution, the clamping plate has a tapered hole, and one end of the mandrel has a center hole. The taper of the center hole is equal to the taper of the tapered hole and is matched with the center taper of the lathe.

[0012] As a further improvement and optimization of this solution, the mandrel has an external spline on its exterior, and the inner wall of each clamping block is provided with an internal spline that matches the external spline.

[0013] As a further improvement and optimization of this solution, the component includes a cylindrical part and a disc part coaxially sleeved on the outer middle position of the cylindrical part, and the outer circumferential surface of the disc part is provided with a groove.

[0014] The clamping block includes an mounting part and a clamping part. The mounting part is a cylindrical structure with an internal spline on its inner wall. The clamping part is a disc-shaped structure and is fitted onto the middle of the outside of the mounting part. Both sides of the clamping part are coaxially provided with clearance grooves located at the connection between the clamping part and the mounting part. When the clamping block clamps the component, the opposite ends of the two mounting parts are fitted into the disc and abut against each other. The two clamping parts respectively limit and abut against the two sides of the disc. The two ends of the cylindrical part are respectively located in the two clearance grooves.

[0015] The turning method for the polyurethane wear-resistant component includes any one of the turning fixtures described above, and the turning method includes:

[0016] S1: Clamp and fix one end of the mandrel near the baffle using a chuck on a lathe;

[0017] S2: Sequentially attach one clamping block, the element, another clamping block, and the locking assembly to the spindle;

[0018] S3: The lathe tip extends into the tapered hole on the top plate and pushes the top plate inward. The top plate drives the two clamping blocks to move closer to each other through the two disc springs and the clamping sleeve until the two disc springs are compressed. The two clamping parts respectively contact the two sides of the disc portion to complete the clamping and fixing of the component.

[0019] S4: Start the lathe, drive the turning fixture to rotate, thereby driving the component to rotate synchronously. The cutting tool enters the middle of the groove of the component and feeds into both sides, and turns the outer circumferential surface of the component.

[0020] S5: After the component is turned, the lathe center is reset, the locking assembly and the clamping block located on the outside are removed in sequence, the clamping of the component is released, and the component is removed from the mandrel.

[0021] The positive effects of the above technical solution compared with the existing technology are:

[0022] In this invention, a baffle limits one of the clamping blocks, and a locking assembly elastically limits and abuts the other clamping block on the side away from the baffle, so that the two clamping blocks can effectively clamp the elastic element, reducing the processing difficulty and improving the processing accuracy.

[0023] In this invention, the two clamping parts respectively limit and abut against the two sides of the disc part. When the cutting tool moves from the middle of the groove of the component to both sides, the clamping parts can support the two sides of the groove to avoid deformation of the component parts on both sides of the groove during turning, which would affect the machining accuracy.

[0024] In this invention, the mandrel has an external spline on its exterior, and the inner wall of each clamping block is provided with an internal spline that matches the external spline, effectively preventing the clamping block from rotating and affecting the machining accuracy of the component during turning.

[0025] (4) In this embodiment of the present invention, multiple clamping blocks can be set during turning, and a component can be clamped between two adjacent clamping blocks to realize the synchronous clamping and processing of multiple components, thereby improving processing efficiency.

[0026] (5) In this invention, the elastic element is two disc springs set outside the mandrel. The disc springs have high stiffness and strong shock absorption capacity. They can withstand large loads with small deformation and have small axial installation space requirements, which reduces the installation distance between the clamping sleeve and the top clamping plate, thereby reducing the volume of the locking assembly and reducing the manufacturing cost of the fixture. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a turning fixture for a polyurethane wear-resistant component according to the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a side view of a turning fixture for a polyurethane wear-resistant element according to the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3 This is a BB cross-sectional view of a turning fixture for a polyurethane wear-resistant component according to the present invention.

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a turning fixture for a polyurethane wear-resistant component according to the present invention in the turning state.

[0031] Figure 5 This is an exploded view of a portion of the structure of a turning fixture for a polyurethane wear-resistant component according to the present invention.

[0032] In the attached diagram: 1. Mandrel; 2. Baffle; 3. Clamping block; 4. Locking assembly; 5. Chuck; 6. Lathe center; 7. Tool; 8. Component; 11. Center hole; 12. External spline; 31. Mounting part; 32. Clamping part; 33. Rib; 311. Notch; 321. Clearance groove; 322. Annular groove; 41. Pressure sleeve; 42. Disc spring; 43. Top plate; 44. Housing; 45. Limiting ring; 411. First external step; 421. Tapered hole; 422. Second external step; 441. Internal step; 81. Cylindrical part; 82. Disc part; 821. Groove. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but this is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a turning fixture for a polyurethane wear-resistant component according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a side view of a turning fixture for a polyurethane wear-resistant component according to the present invention. Figure 3 This is a BB cross-sectional view of a turning fixture for a polyurethane wear-resistant component according to the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the turning fixture for a polyurethane wear-resistant component according to the present invention in the turning state. Figure 5 This is a partially exploded view of a turning fixture for a polyurethane wear-resistant component according to the present invention, as shown below. Figures 1 to 5The image shows a preferred embodiment of a turning fixture for a polyurethane wear-resistant component, comprising: a mandrel 1, at least two clamping blocks 3, and a locking assembly 4. A baffle 2 is sleeved on the outside of the mandrel 1. The two clamping blocks 3 are slidably sleeved on the outside of the mandrel 1 along the axial direction of the mandrel 1. The component 8 is sleeved on the outside of the mandrel 1 and located between the two clamping blocks 3. One clamping block 3 is in limiting contact with the baffle 2. The locking assembly 4 is sleeved on the outside of the mandrel 1 and located on the side of the other clamping block 3 away from the baffle 2. The locking assembly 4 is elastically limiting contact with the side of the other clamping block 3 away from the baffle 2, so that the two clamping blocks 3 clamp the component 8.

[0035] In this embodiment, the baffle 2 limits one of the clamping blocks 3, and the locking assembly 4 elastically limits and abuts the other clamping block 3 on the side away from the baffle 2, so that the two clamping blocks 3 can effectively clamp the component 8, which is an elastic body, reducing the processing difficulty and improving the processing accuracy.

[0036] In this embodiment, multiple clamping blocks 3 can be set during turning, and one component 8 can be clamped between two adjacent clamping blocks 3, so as to realize the synchronous clamping and processing of multiple sets of components 8 and improve processing efficiency.

[0037] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the locking assembly 4 includes a clamping sleeve 41 and a top clamping plate 43 sleeved on the outside of the spindle 1. The clamping sleeve 41 is disposed between the top clamping plate 43 and another clamping block 3, and there is an elastic element between the clamping sleeve 41 and the top clamping plate 43. By squeezing the top clamping plate 43 inward and compressing the elastic element, the clamping sleeve 41 elastically limits and resists the other clamping block 3.

[0038] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, the elastic element is two sets of disc springs 42 disposed outside the mandrel 1. The disc springs 42 have high stiffness, strong damping and vibration absorption capacity, and can withstand large loads with small deformation. They also have small axial installation space requirements, reducing the installation distance between the clamping sleeve 41 and the top clamping plate 43, thereby reducing the volume of the locking assembly 4 and reducing the manufacturing cost of the fixture.

[0039] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the locking assembly 4 also includes a housing 44, which has an open structure at both ends. One end of the clamping sleeve 41 is coaxially disposed inside the housing 44, and the other end is in limiting contact with another clamping block 3. Two disc springs 42 are coaxially sleeved inside the housing 44, and a top plate 43 is coaxially slidably disposed inside the housing 44. By pressing the top plate 43 inward and compressing the two disc springs 42, the clamping sleeve 41 can elastically limit contact with the other clamping block 3.

[0040] In this embodiment, the disc spring 42, the clamping sleeve 41, and the top clamping plate 43 are all located on the housing 44 and form an independent assembly, which facilitates the disassembly and assembly of the locking assembly 4.

[0041] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, one open end of the housing 44 has a built-in step 441, one end of the clamping sleeve 41 has a first external step 411, the first external step 411 and the built-in step 441 are mutually restrictive and engaged, the other open end of the housing 44 is detachably fitted with a limiting ring 45, the limiting ring 45 is sleeved on the outside of the top plate 43, and the outside of the top plate 43 near the disc spring 42 has a second external step 422, the second external step 422 and the limiting ring 45 are mutually restrictive and engaged.

[0042] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, the other open end of the housing 44 has an inner recessed groove, and the limiting ring 45 is fixed in the inner recessed groove by screws.

[0043] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, the clamping plate 43 has a tapered hole 421, and one end of the spindle 1 has a tip hole 11. The taper of the tip hole 11 is equal to the taper of the tapered hole 421 and is matched with the taper of the lathe tip 6.

[0044] In this embodiment, when the lathe tip 6 presses the clamping plate 43 inward through the tapered hole 421 to clamp the two clamping blocks 3 on the component 8, the tip of the lathe tip 6 extends into the tip hole 11 for positioning, which reduces the amount of shaking when the spindle 1 rotates and improves the accuracy of machining the component 8.

[0045] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, the mandrel 1 has an external spline 12 on its exterior, and the inner wall of each clamping block 3 is provided with an internal spline that matches the external spline 12, which effectively prevents the clamping block 3 from rotating during the turning process of the component 8 and affecting the machining accuracy of the component 8.

[0046] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, element 8 includes a cylindrical portion 81 and a disc portion 82 coaxially sleeved at the middle position outside the cylindrical portion 81, with a groove 821 circumferentially provided on the outer circumferential surface of the disc portion 82.

[0047] The clamping block 3 includes a mounting part 31 and a clamping part 32. The mounting part 31 is a cylindrical structure with an internal spline on its inner wall. The clamping part 32 is a disc-shaped structure and is fitted around the middle of the outside of the mounting part 31. Both sides of the clamping part 32 are coaxially provided with clearance grooves 321. The clearance grooves 321 are located at the connection between the clamping part 32 and the mounting part 31. When the clamping block 3 clamps the component 8, the opposite ends of the two mounting parts 31 are fitted inside the disc part 82 and abut against each other. The two clamping parts 32 respectively limit and abut against the two sides of the disc part 82. The two ends of the cylindrical part 81 are respectively located inside the two clearance grooves 321.

[0048] Preferably, the inner wall of the mounting part 31 is provided with a plurality of notches 311 at equal intervals along the circumference, forming an internal spline.

[0049] Preferably, the opposite end faces of the two clamping portions 32 have a plurality of protruding ribs 33, which are distributed at equal intervals along the circumference. When the clamping block 3 clamps the component 8, the plurality of protruding ribs 33 are embedded in the disc portion 82 to restrict the component 8 from rotating during processing, thereby further improving the processing accuracy.

[0050] The turning method for the polyurethane wear-resistant component 8 includes any of the above-mentioned turning fixtures, and the turning method includes:

[0051] S1: Clamp and fix the end of the spindle 1 near the baffle 2 using the chuck 5 on the lathe;

[0052] S2: A clamping block 3, an element 8, another clamping block 3, and a locking assembly 4 are sequentially fitted onto the spindle 1;

[0053] S3: The lathe tip 6 extends into the tapered hole 421 on the top plate 43 and pushes the top plate 43 inward. The top plate 43 drives the two clamping blocks 3 to move closer to each other through the two disc springs 42 and the clamping sleeve 41 until the two disc springs 42 are compressed. The two clamping parts 32 respectively contact the two sides of the disc part 82 to limit and fix the component 8.

[0054] S4: Start the lathe, drive the turning fixture to rotate, thereby driving the component 8 to rotate synchronously. The tool 7 enters the middle of the groove 821 of the component and feeds to both sides, and turns the outer circumferential surface of the component 8.

[0055] S5: After the component 8 is turned, the lathe center 6 is reset, the locking assembly 4 and the clamping block 3 located on the outside are removed in sequence, the clamping of component 8 is released, and component 8 is removed from the spindle 1.

[0056] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the implementation and protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should realize that any equivalent substitutions and obvious changes made based on the description and illustrations of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A turning fixture for polyurethane wear-resistant components, characterized in that, include: The device comprises a mandrel, at least two clamping blocks, and a locking assembly. A baffle is sleeved on the outside of the mandrel. The two clamping blocks are slidably sleeved on the outside of the mandrel along the axial direction of the mandrel. The element is sleeved on the outside of the mandrel and located between the two clamping blocks. One of the clamping blocks is in limiting contact with the baffle. The locking assembly is sleeved on the outside of the mandrel and located on the side of the other clamping block opposite to the baffle. The locking assembly is elastically limiting contact with the side of the other clamping block opposite to the baffle, so that the two clamping blocks clamp the element. The component includes a cylindrical part and a disc part coaxially sleeved on the outer middle position of the cylindrical part, and the outer circumferential surface of the disc part is provided with a groove. The locking assembly includes a clamping sleeve and a top clamping plate sleeved on the outside of the mandrel. The clamping sleeve is disposed between the top clamping plate and another clamping block, and there is an elastic element between the clamping sleeve and the top clamping plate. By squeezing the top clamping plate inward and compressing the elastic element, the clamping sleeve elastically limits and resists the other clamping block. The elastic element consists of two disc springs set outside the spindle; The top plate has a tapered hole, and one end of the mandrel has a center hole. The taper of the center hole is equal to the taper of the tapered hole and is matched with the center taper of the lathe. The mandrel has an external spline on its exterior, and the inner wall of each clamping block is provided with an internal spline that matches the external spline. The clamping block includes an mounting part and a clamping part. The mounting part is a cylindrical structure with an internal spline on its inner wall. The clamping part is a disc-shaped structure and is fitted onto the middle of the outside of the mounting part. Both sides of the clamping part are coaxially provided with clearance grooves located at the connection between the clamping part and the mounting part. When the clamping block clamps the component, the opposite ends of the two mounting parts are fitted into the disc and abut against each other. The two clamping parts respectively limit and abut against the two sides of the disc. The two ends of the cylindrical part are respectively located in the two clearance grooves.

2. The turning fixture for the polyurethane wear-resistant component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The locking assembly further includes a housing, which is an open structure at both ends. One end of the clamping sleeve is coaxially disposed inside the housing, and the other end is in limiting contact with another clamping block. Two disc springs are coaxially sleeved inside the housing, and the top clamping plate is coaxially slidably disposed inside the housing. By pressing the top clamping plate inward and compressing the two disc springs, the clamping sleeve can elastically limit contact with the other clamping block.

3. The turning fixture for the polyurethane wear-resistant component according to claim 2, characterized in that, One open end of the housing has a built-in step, and one end of the clamping sleeve has a first external step. The first external step is in a limiting engagement with the built-in step. A limiting ring is detachably installed at the other open end of the housing. The limiting ring is sleeved on the outside of the top clamping plate, and the outside of the top clamping plate near the disc spring has a second external step. The second external step is in a limiting engagement with the limiting ring.

4. The turning fixture for the polyurethane wear-resistant element according to claim 3, characterized in that, The other opening end of the housing has an inner recessed groove, and the limiting ring is fixed in the inner recessed groove by screws.

5. The turning method of the polyurethane wear-resistant component, characterized in that, The turning fixture includes any one of claims 1-4, and the turning method includes: S1: Clamp and fix one end of the mandrel near the baffle using a chuck on a lathe; S2: Sequentially attach one clamping block, the element, another clamping block, and the locking assembly to the spindle; S3: The lathe tip extends into the tapered hole on the top plate and pushes the top plate inward. The top plate drives the two clamping blocks to move closer to each other through the two disc springs and the clamping sleeve until the two disc springs are compressed. The two clamping parts respectively contact the two sides of the disc portion to complete the clamping and fixing of the component. S4: Start the lathe, drive the turning fixture to rotate, thereby driving the component to rotate synchronously. The cutting tool enters the middle of the groove of the component and feeds into both sides, and turns the outer circumferential surface of the component. S5: After the component is turned, the lathe center is reset, the clamping assembly and the clamping block located on the outside are removed in sequence, the clamping of the component is released, and the component is removed from the mandrel.

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