Refrigerant closed spray coupled microchannel heat dissipation cycle system and regulating method

Abstract

The application discloses a refrigerant closed spray coupled micro-channel heat dissipation cycle system and a regulating method. The system comprises a compressor. The outlet of the compressor is connected with a first constant temperature water tank and a heat exchanger unit through an oil-gas separator outlet. The outlet of the first constant temperature water tank and the heat exchanger unit is connected with the inlet of a first gas-liquid separator through a gasification amount regulating valve. The liquid outlet of the first gas-liquid separator is connected with a second constant temperature water tank and a heat exchanger unit through a liquid refrigerant pressure regulating valve. The second constant temperature water tank and the heat exchanger unit are connected with a spray cavity and a micro-channel through a refrigerant charging ball valve. A spray flow regulating valve and a micro-channel flow regulating valve are respectively installed on an inlet pipeline. The spray cavity is placed on an air floating platform. The outlet of the spray cavity is sequentially connected with a sight glass, a cavity pressure regulating valve, a liquid collecting cavity, a low pressure section ball valve and a second gas-liquid separator. The gas outlet of the second gas-liquid separator is connected with the inlet of the compressor. The spray cavity is provided with a heating element. The application realizes multi-surface cooling and temperature uniformity control of the heating element.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of refrigeration technology, specifically relating to a refrigerant closed-loop spray coupled microchannel heat dissipation circulation system and its adjustment method. Background Technology

[0002] High-power components, such as electronic chips and lasers, are widely used in medical, military, and electronic fields. With technological advancements, the heat flux density of high-power components is increasing, and there is a trend towards miniaturization and integration. Efficient thermal management of some high-power components has become one of the technical bottlenecks restricting their functional improvement. For example, laser optical reflectors require extremely high processing precision; engineeringly, the surface aberration (PMS) of the reflector must be less than 1 / 10 of the helium-neon laser wavelength λ (λ = 632.8 nm). During operation, the reflector absorbs laser energy, causing temperature rise and resulting in surface distortion of the reflective area, severely reducing the quality of the reflected laser. Studies have shown that when electronic equipment temperatures are in the 70–80°C range, for every 2°C increase in temperature, equipment reliability decreases by 10%, and approximately 55% of electronic equipment failures are related to high temperatures. Therefore, active cooling is essential to address these issues.

[0003] Compared to water as a circulating working fluid, refrigerants have a lower saturation temperature and better insulation properties, making them more suitable for cooling electronic and semiconductor components at room temperature. This solves the problem of high-efficiency heat dissipation that traditional cooling methods cannot address. Refrigerant flash spray cooling offers numerous advantages over traditional air cooling, including higher heat dissipation capacity, lower flow rate requirements, no temperature overshoot, and no contact thermal resistance with the heated surface. It incorporates complex mechanisms such as droplet atomization, liquid film evaporation, forced convection, nucleus boiling, and secondary nucleus boiling. The microchannel structure significantly improves the heat and mass transfer efficiency of the process, offering advantages such as compact structure, high heat exchange efficiency, and light weight. The coupled system of flash spray and microchannels can achieve high heat flux density heat dissipation, adjust the cold distribution, and improve heat exchange efficiency. However, the variables in a coupled system are more complex than in a single system, requiring system design and research on various circulating parameters for different application scenarios. Furthermore, the diverse characteristics of heat sources place higher demands on heat dissipation. To achieve precise temperature control and cooling of heat sources of different shapes and powers, as well as compact packaging, it is necessary to thoroughly explore the influence of numerous related parameters of the system, whether in practical applications or scientific research.

[0004] Current patents and literature on spray cooling systems mainly focus on temperature control and flow regulation. However, research on fluid temperature, back pressure, spray pressure, ambient temperature, spray height, spray pattern, and nozzle type is also crucial. Simultaneously, it is necessary to study the mass flow rate, mass dryness, and microchannel structural design of microchannels. Furthermore, variable power heat sources in practical applications require the cooling system to be adjustable according to the heat source; at the same time, cooling scenarios such as high-precision optical lenses place higher demands on the stability and vibration damping characteristics of the cooling system. These are things that basic vapor compression refrigeration cycle systems cannot achieve. Therefore, it is necessary to redesign and improve the basic refrigeration cycle to achieve independent adjustment of various system parameters and meet the precise heat dissipation and research needs of diverse application scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of current technologies, this invention aims to propose a refrigerant closed-loop spray-coupled microchannel heat dissipation circulation system and its regulation method. This invention achieves high heat flux density heat dissipation, multi-faceted cooling of heat-generating elements, and control of temperature uniformity.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a refrigerant closed-loop spray coupled microchannel heat dissipation circulation system, including a compressor, a first constant temperature water bath and heat exchanger unit, a first gas-liquid separator, a second constant temperature water bath and heat exchanger unit, a microchannel flow regulating valve, and a spray flow regulating valve.

[0008] The compressor outlet is connected to the first constant temperature water tank and heat exchanger unit via the oil-gas separator outlet. The outlet of the first constant temperature water tank and heat exchanger unit is connected to the inlet of the first gas-liquid separator via a vaporization regulating valve. The liquid outlet of the first gas-liquid separator is connected to the second constant temperature water tank and heat exchanger unit via a liquid refrigerant pressure regulating valve. The second constant temperature water tank and heat exchanger unit are connected to the spray chamber and microchannel via a refrigerant charging ball valve. The inlet pipeline is equipped with a spray flow regulating valve and a microchannel flow regulating valve, respectively. The spray chamber is placed on an air flotation platform, and its outlet is connected in sequence to a sight glass, a cavity pressure regulating valve, a liquid collection chamber, a low-pressure section ball valve, and the second gas-liquid separator. The outlet of the second gas-liquid separator is connected to the compressor inlet.

[0009] The spray chamber contains a heating element.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, it also includes a cavity bypass; the two ends of the cavity bypass are respectively connected to the gas outlet of the first gas-liquid separator and the spray chamber, and the cavity bypass regulating valve on the cavity bypass, in conjunction with the vaporization regulating valve, adjusts the cavity pressure.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, it also includes a compressor bypass; the two ends of the compressor bypass are respectively connected to the outlet of the first gas-liquid separator and the inlet of the second gas-liquid separator; a compressor bypass regulating valve is provided on the compressor bypass.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, it also includes a venting and pressure-stabilizing bypass; the two ends of the venting and pressure-stabilizing bypass are respectively connected to the nozzle front pipeline and the inlet of the second gas-liquid separator; a cavity pressure-stabilizing valve is provided on the venting and pressure-stabilizing bypass.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, the spray chamber includes a viewing window, a dynamically sealed liquid inlet pipe, a single nozzle / nozzle array, a microchannel, and an auxiliary heater; the dynamically sealed liquid inlet pipe is connected to the single nozzle / nozzle array for adjusting the height to the surface of the heating element;

[0014] The viewing window and temperature and pressure sensors are mounted on the spray chamber housing, the heating element is mounted inside the spray chamber housing, the microchannel is mounted on the side of the heating element, and the auxiliary heater is mounted inside the spray chamber.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present invention, the impact surface material of the heating element is one or more combinations of copper, brass, and single crystal silicon, and the surface structure includes one or more combinations of macrostructure and micro / nanostructure.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present invention, the dynamic sealing liquid inlet pipe of the spray chamber is connected to the circulation via a flexible hose, and the spray chamber is placed on an air flotation platform.

[0017] As a further improvement of the present invention, the liquid collection chamber is also provided with a liquid collection chamber auxiliary heater; the liquid outlet of the oil-gas separator is connected to the compressor inlet through a return oil ball valve; the refrigerant of the circulation system is one of R134a, R404A, R410A and R32.

[0018] As a further improvement of the present invention, it also includes a computer, a data acquisition unit, and an adjustment component. The data acquisition unit includes multiple sets of sensors disposed in the circulation pipeline; the parameters of each sensor are connected to the data acquisition device and then to the computer.

[0019] The regulating components include all electrically operated regulating valves installed in the circulation pipeline, and the regulating components are connected to the computer output terminal.

[0020] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for regulating a refrigerant closed-loop spray-coupled microchannel heat dissipation circulation system, comprising:

[0021] The evaporator end pipeline of the circulation system is divided into two, adopting a coupling of refrigerant flash spray cooling and microchannel cooling. Spray cooling directly cools the top of the heating element, while microchannel cooling cools the sides of the heating element. The flow distribution of the two heat dissipation methods is adjusted by the spray chamber. The flow distribution of spray and microchannel is controlled by microchannel flow regulating valve and spray flow regulating valve to achieve high heat flux density heat dissipation, multi-faceted cooling of the heating element and temperature uniformity control.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] The core technology of this invention is the coupling of refrigerant flash spray cooling and microchannel cooling, utilizing refrigerant phase change heat transfer. Compared to traditional air cooling and single-phase jet cooling, it achieves high heat flux density heat dissipation, making it suitable for precise temperature control of surfaces with high heat flux density, high stability requirements, and high precision. This closed-loop refrigerant spray-coupled microchannel heat dissipation circulation system is adjustable. The evaporation end pipeline is divided into two, employing a coupling of refrigerant flash spray cooling and microchannel cooling, with adjustable flow distribution between the two heat dissipation methods. This achieves high heat flux density heat dissipation, providing multi-faceted cooling and temperature uniformity control for the heating element. While basic spray cooling systems can adjust the flow rate by installing regulating valves, the adjustable parameters are limited, and the adjustment range is small. This invention allows for independent adjustment of various parameters, including the liquid temperature before the nozzle, the chamber pressure, the spray height, and the flow distribution of the spray and microchannels. Furthermore, the design of two return gas bypasses increases the adjustment range, meeting the needs of more in-depth research and complex application conditions for selecting optimal parameters.

[0024] Furthermore, the evaporator end is equipped with a spray chamber auxiliary heater and a liquid collection chamber auxiliary heater, which, together with the chamber viewing window and the chamber outlet visualization pipeline, are used to evaporate the unvaporized liquid refrigerant, ensuring that the refrigerant at the compressor inlet is in a gaseous state and enhancing system stability.

[0025] Furthermore, this invention uses a high-pressure resistant hose to connect the spray chamber to the circulation system, and places the chamber on an air flotation platform, which can effectively block the transmission of vibrations from the pipeline compressor, constant temperature water bath, pipeline, etc. to the chamber, thereby achieving the purpose of vibration reduction.

[0026] Furthermore, this invention designs a venting and pressure-stabilizing bypass connecting the nozzle pre-pipeline and the second gas-liquid separator. After the system stops, the pressure-stabilizing valve is opened, and the compressor draws the refrigerant in the cavity to the high-pressure section. This solves the problem of increased cavity pressure caused by the connection between the high and low pressure sections and the evaporation of the liquid phase in the cavity pipeline after shutdown, thereby controlling the deformation of the heating element.

[0027] Furthermore, the object cooled by this invention can be an electronic chip, a laser optical lens, but is not limited to these. The vibration reduction, temperature control, and parameter adjustment functions of this system are applicable to many related fields such as aerospace, power electronics, and scientific research experiments. The surface structure includes one or more combinations of macroscopic structures and micro / nano structures. In addition, the nozzle type can be a single nozzle or a nozzle array, which can be selected according to the shape, size, and distribution of the heat source, making it widely applicable. Attached Figure Description

[0028] The following will further explain the concept, specific structure, and technical effects of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, so as to fully understand the purpose, features, and effects of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a refrigerant closed-loop spray coupled microchannel heat dissipation circulation system according to the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the spray chamber and microchannels.

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the system adjustment and start-up / shutdown methods;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a cyclic pressure-enthalpy diagram. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of this invention, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0034] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0035] The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," etc., used in this application's specification and the aforementioned drawings, if present, are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented, for example, in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0036] It should be understood that in this application, "at least one item" refers to one or more items, and "more than one item" refers to two or more items. "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, "A and / or B" can represent three cases: only A exists, only B exists, and both A and B exist simultaneously, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of singular or plural items. For example, at least one of A, B, or C can represent: A, B, C, "A and B", "A and C", "B and C", or "A and B and C", where A, B, and C can be single or multiple.

[0037] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units through some interfaces, and may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0038] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0039] The purpose of this invention is to provide a refrigerant closed-loop spray coupled microchannel heat dissipation circulation system and its adjustment method. This invention can independently adjust various influencing factors in refrigerant flash evaporation closed-loop spray cooling, such as fluid temperature, chamber pressure, spray pressure, chamber temperature, spray height, and nozzle type. It controls the spray and microchannel flow rates, achieving precise temperature control and uniform heat dissipation of the cooling wall surface, meeting the requirements for vibration reduction and system stability, and controlling the deformation of heating elements caused by the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the chamber during shutdown.

[0040] like Figure 1 As shown, the first objective of this invention is to provide a refrigerant closed-loop spray coupled microchannel heat dissipation circulation system, including a compressor 1, a first constant temperature water bath and heat exchanger unit 4, a first gas-liquid separator 7, a second constant temperature water bath and heat exchanger unit 11, a microchannel flow regulating valve 14, and a spray flow regulating valve 15.

[0041] The compressor 1 outlet is connected to the first constant temperature water bath and heat exchanger unit 4 via the oil-gas separator 2 outlet. The first constant temperature water bath and heat exchanger unit 4 outlet is connected to the first gas-liquid separator 7 inlet via the vaporization regulating valve 5. The first gas-liquid separator 7 outlet is connected to the second constant temperature water bath and heat exchanger unit 11 via the liquid refrigerant pressure regulating valve 9. The second constant temperature water bath and heat exchanger unit 11 is connected to the spray chamber 16 and microchannel 18 via the refrigerant charging ball valve 12. The inlet pipeline is respectively equipped with a spray flow regulating valve 15 and a microchannel flow regulating valve 14. The spray chamber 16 is placed on the air flotation platform 19. Its outlet is connected in sequence to the sight glass 20, the cavity pressure regulating valve 22, the liquid collection chamber 23, the low-pressure section ball valve 25, and the second gas-liquid separator 27. The outlet of the second gas-liquid separator 27 is connected to the compressor 1 inlet.

[0042] The spray chamber 16 contains a heating element 16-6.

[0043] This invention achieves multi-parameter adjustability through two circuits from the outlet of the first constant temperature water tank to the cavity and compressor, multiple regulating valves, circulation components, and cavity design. It can independently adjust various influencing factors such as fluid temperature, cavity pressure, liquid refrigerant pressure, cavity temperature, spray height, and spray and microchannel flow distribution, and achieve precise temperature control of the heating element. Vibration reduction is achieved through the air flotation platform and hose connection. The pressure relief circuit from the nozzle pre-pipeline to the second gas-liquid separator maintains stable cavity pressure after shutdown.

[0044] The specific technical solution of this invention is as follows: a refrigerant closed-loop spray-coupled microchannel heat dissipation circulation system, comprising a main circulation system, a regulating loop, various regulating valves, sensors, and a signal acquisition system. The main circulation system primarily includes a compressor, an oil-gas separator, a first constant-temperature water tank and heat exchanger unit, a first gas-liquid separator, a second constant-temperature water tank and heat exchanger unit, a spray chamber, a microchannel, an air flotation platform, a liquid collection chamber, auxiliary heating equipment, and a second gas-liquid separator. High-pressure subcooled liquid refrigerant enters the spray chamber and microchannel respectively through two branch pipelines to dissipate heat from the heating elements. After absorbing heat and vaporizing, the refrigerant enters the liquid collection chamber. The auxiliary heating equipment in the liquid collection chamber evaporates the remaining liquid refrigerant, which then passes through the first gas-liquid separator and enters the compressor for compression. The first constant-temperature water tank controls the primary condensation temperature of the high-temperature, high-pressure vapor. After primary condensation, the liquid refrigerant partially vaporizes through a vaporization rate regulating valve, and the two-phase flow enters the second gas-liquid separator.

[0045] The gas phase enters the bypass circuit, and the liquid phase enters the second constant-temperature water tank to subcool the refrigerant, completing the cycle. The spray height in the spray chamber is adjusted by a dynamic seal. The spray chamber and the circulation circuit are connected by a hose and placed on an air flotation platform to isolate vibration. The regulating circuit includes two bypasses and two regulating valves: a portion of the gas phase separated by the first gas-liquid separator enters the chamber through bypass a, which regulates the temperature and pressure of the spray chamber; the remaining portion returns to the compressor for secondary circulation through bypass b, which regulates the circulation flow rate and simultaneously draws gas from the high-temperature and high-pressure section to reheat the gas before the compressor; the flow distribution of the two bypasses can be controlled by the opening of the two regulating valves. Various regulating valves include: a spray flow regulating valve and a microchannel flow regulating valve to control the flow distribution of spray cooling and microchannel cooling; a chamber pressure regulating valve arranged after the chamber to regulate the chamber pressure; a vaporization regulating valve arranged after the first constant-temperature water tank to adjust the gas phase ratio; and a liquid refrigerant pressure regulating valve to regulate the refrigerant pressure before the nozzle / microchannel. When the heat load on the cooling surface inside the cavity is small, auxiliary heating is arranged in the cavity and liquid collection cavity to supplement the heat to ensure refrigerant evaporation and improve system stability.

[0046] Multiple temperature and pressure sensors are installed within the circulation pipeline, positioned downstream of the spray chamber, liquid collection chamber, compressor, gas-phase proportional control valve, second gas-liquid separator, and chamber pressure control valve, respectively. These sensors dynamically monitor the refrigerant flow in real time, providing a basis and feedback for parameter adjustments. A flow meter is installed upstream of the spray chamber to monitor the circulation flow rate. All sensor parameters are connected to a data acquisition device for real-time monitoring via computer.

[0047] Figure 1The main components include: compressor 1, oil-gas separator 2, first constant temperature water bath and heat exchanger unit 4, vaporization regulating valve 5, first gas-liquid separator 7, liquid refrigerant pressure regulating valve 9, second constant temperature water bath and heat exchanger unit 11, refrigerant charging ball valve 12, microchannel flow regulating valve 14, spray flow regulating valve 15, spray chamber 16, computer 17, microchannel 18, air flotation platform 19, sight glass 20, cavity pressure regulating valve 22, liquid collection chamber 23, liquid collection chamber auxiliary heating 24, low-pressure section ball valve 25, second gas-liquid separator 27, oil return ball valve 28, cavity bypass regulating valve 29, check valve 30, compressor bypass regulating valve 31, cavity pressure stabilizing valve 32, temperature and pressure sensors (3, 6, 8, 10, 21, 26), flow meter 13, cavity bypass a, compressor bypass b, and venting pressure stabilizing bypass c.

[0048] The outlet of compressor 1 is connected to the outlet of oil-gas separator 2 and the first constant temperature water bath and heat exchanger unit 4. The liquid outlet of oil-gas separator 2 is connected to the inlet of compressor 1 through oil return ball valve 28. The outlet of the first constant temperature water bath and heat exchanger unit 4 is connected to the inlet of the first gas-liquid separator 7 through vaporization regulating valve 5. The liquid outlet of the first gas-liquid separator 7 is connected to the second constant temperature water bath and heat exchanger unit 11 through liquid refrigerant pressure regulating valve 9. The second constant temperature water bath and heat exchanger unit 11 are connected to the spray chamber 16 and microchannel 18 through refrigerant charging ball valve 12. The inlet pipeline is equipped with spray flow regulating valve 15 and microchannel flow regulating valve 14 respectively. The spray chamber 16 is placed on the air flotation platform 19. Its outlet is connected in sequence to sight glass 20, cavity pressure regulating valve 22, liquid collection chamber 23, low-pressure section ball valve 25, and second gas-liquid separator 27. The outlet of the second gas-liquid separator 27 is connected to the inlet of compressor 1.

[0049] It also includes a cavity bypass a. The two ends of cavity bypass a are connected to the outlet of the first gas-liquid separator 7 and the spray chamber 16, respectively. The cavity bypass regulating valve 29 on cavity bypass a, in conjunction with the vaporization rate regulating valve 5, adjusts the cavity pressure. Compared to adjusting only through the cavity pressure regulating valve 22: First, it increases the spray chamber pressure adjustment range and diverts the compressor flow. Second, since the cavity pressure has a crucial impact on the spray cooling effect, when using PID control, adjusting it together with the cavity pressure regulating valve and the cavity bypass can greatly reduce cavity pressure fluctuations.

[0050] It also includes a compressor bypass b. The two ends of the compressor bypass b are connected to the outlet of the first gas-liquid separator 7 and the inlet of the second gas-liquid separator 27, respectively; a compressor bypass regulating valve 31 is provided on the compressor bypass b. When the nozzle flow rate is low, based on the pressure of the chamber regulating chamber by the return gas from the chamber bypass a, the compressor bypass regulating valve is increased, thereby increasing the compressor return gas volume and further increasing the adjustment range of the system from low flow rate to high flow rate.

[0051] It also includes a venting and pressure-stabilizing bypass c. The two ends of the venting and pressure-stabilizing bypass c are connected to the nozzle pre-pipeline and the inlet of the second gas-liquid separator 27, respectively; a cavity pressure-stabilizing valve 32 is installed on the venting and pressure-stabilizing bypass c. After the system is shut down, the refrigerant charging ball valve 12, the cavity pressure regulating valve 22, and the cavity bypass regulating valve 29 are closed first to disconnect the spray chamber 16 from the circulation, and the compressor 1 continues to run. The liquid refrigerant in the nozzle pipeline and cavity is drawn back through the venting and pressure-stabilizing bypass c, and then the low-pressure section ball valve 25 is closed to maintain the low-pressure state of the spray chamber 16.

[0052] In this embodiment, the circulating refrigerant is one of R134a, R404A, R410A and R32. Compared with water cooling and single-phase jet cooling, the refrigerant flash evaporation phase change heat dissipation can achieve precise temperature control of the heating element 16-6. At the same time, the present invention can precisely control each spray parameter to minimize the thermal shock of the heating element.

[0053] In this embodiment of the invention, the compressor can be a variable frequency compressor. The compressor is variable frequency, and its speed is adjustable. The oil-gas separator is connected to the compressor via a pipeline with a ball valve. The ball valve is closed during system operation and opens after operation, allowing the compressor oil in the oil-gas separator to return to the compressor. Both condenser stages use high-precision constant temperature water tanks instead of traditional air cooling in the circulation system, with a temperature control accuracy higher than 0.001℃ and a fluctuation of less than ±0.01℃. The liquid collection chamber collects liquid refrigerant and activates the auxiliary heater to replenish heat; the auxiliary heater in the liquid collection chamber has a power between 0-2000W and is controlled by a DC power supply. All regulating valves in the system are electric needle valves with an opening range from fully open to fully closed. Since vibration affects the spray cooling effect and the normal operation of the cooling elements, the chamber is placed on an air flotation platform. In addition, the connection between the chamber and the circulation system uses a pressure-bearing hose to isolate the vibration of circulation components such as the constant temperature water tank and the compressor.

[0054] Figure 2 This diagram illustrates the spray chamber and microchannel, with key components including: a viewing window 16-1, a dynamically sealed inlet pipe 16-2, a flexible hose 16-3, a single nozzle / nozzle array 16-4, a temperature and pressure sensor 16-5, a heating element 16-6, a microchannel 16-7, and an auxiliary heater 16-8. The two viewing windows are symmetrically distributed, allowing for the acquisition of morphological parameters such as the spray cone angle and area. The nozzles can be single nozzles or array nozzles, connected to the inlet screw via threads or a distributor, and are replaceable. The nozzle screw is dynamically sealed to the chamber, allowing for adjustable spray height. The heat source can be a high-power component such as a laser or a chip in practical applications. The impact wall material is one of copper, brass, or monocrystalline silicon, with surface structures including one or more combinations of macroscopic and micro / nano structures. The auxiliary heater power is controlled between 0-1000W via a DC power supply.

[0055] In a specific embodiment, the spray chamber 16 includes a viewing window 16-1, a dynamically sealed liquid inlet pipe 16-2, a flexible hose 16-3, a single nozzle / nozzle array 16-4, a temperature and pressure sensor 16-5, a heating element 16-6, a microchannel 16-7, and an auxiliary heater 16-8. The spray chamber 16 housing is connected to the inlet and outlet pipes and the chamber bypass a, respectively, and the nozzle front pipe is connected to the venting and pressure stabilizing bypass c. The dynamically sealed liquid inlet pipe 16-2 can adjust the height of the single nozzle / nozzle array 16-4 to the surface of the heating element 16-6. The heating element 16-6 can be an electronic chip, laser optical lens, etc. in practical applications, but is not limited to these. The efficient heat dissipation, vibration reduction, temperature control, and parameter adjustment characteristics of this system can meet the needs of many related fields such as aerospace, power electronics, and scientific research experiments. The impact surface material is one or more combinations of copper, brass, and single-crystal silicon, and the surface structure includes one or more combinations of macroscopic structure and micro / nano structure.

[0056] Furthermore, the evaporator end is also equipped with a spray chamber auxiliary heater 16-8 and a liquid collection chamber auxiliary heater 24 to evaporate the unvaporized liquid refrigerant and enhance system stability; in addition, the spray chamber auxiliary heater 16-8 can also adjust the chamber temperature.

[0057] Furthermore, the spray chamber is connected to the circulation system by a hose 16-3 and placed on the air flotation platform 19 for shock absorption, effectively blocking the impact of vibrations from components such as the compressor 1 on the heating element.

[0058] It also includes a computer 17, a data acquisition unit, and an adjustment component. The data acquisition unit includes multiple sets of sensors installed in the circulation pipeline; the parameters of each sensor are connected to the data acquisition device and the computer 17; the adjustment component includes all the electric regulating valves installed in the circulation pipeline, and the adjustment component is connected to the output terminal of the computer 17.

[0059] Figure 3 This diagram illustrates the system's adjustment and start-up / shutdown methods. The adjustment components include the compressor, first constant-temperature water tank, second constant-temperature water tank, auxiliary heater for the cavity, auxiliary heater for the liquid collection chamber, and all electrically operated regulating valves, all integrated into a computer and controlled via output signals. Specifically, although the gas bypass from the high-pressure section to the cavity and the cavity pressure regulating valve can adjust the spray cavity pressure, this bypass also functions to divert compressor flow. Furthermore, the gas bypass from the high-pressure section to the compressor also diverts compressor flow, increasing the system's adaptability range in the low-load power range. Simultaneously, based on the refrigerant state observed through the sight glass, the auxiliary heater in the liquid collection chamber is adjusted to evaporate the liquid refrigerant.

[0060] The refrigerant closed-loop spray-coupled microchannel heat dissipation circulation system of this invention uses a venting and pressure-stabilizing bypass to maintain stable chamber pressure when stopped. Heat-generating components such as electronic chips and laser lenses deform under the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the chamber, affecting their performance and lifespan. After the spray system stops, the low-pressure and high-pressure sections balance each other, or the remaining liquid in the chamber expands at room temperature, both of which cause the chamber pressure to rise. When this system stops, first close the refrigerant charging ball valve, chamber pressure regulating valve, and chamber bypass regulating valve; open the normally closed chamber pressure regulating valve and use the compressor to pump the pressure in the chamber below a safe level; then close the low-pressure section ball valve. Conversely, the steps to start the system are: close the chamber pressure regulating valve, open the refrigerant charging ball valve, low-pressure section ball valve, chamber pressure regulating valve, and chamber bypass regulating valve; start the compressor; and start the load after the system has stabilized.

[0061] Figure 4 This is a cyclic pressure-enthalpy diagram of the system operating under an example condition. The adjustability of various regulating valves and circulation components can be clearly seen from the diagram: the vaporization regulating valve regulates the refrigerant dryness in the high-pressure section, the constant temperature water tank 2 regulates the liquid subcooling before the nozzle, the cavity pressure regulating valve regulates the pressure before the nozzle, and the bypass a and the cavity pressure regulating valve together regulate the spray cavity pressure.

[0062] The second objective of this invention is to provide a method for regulating a refrigerant closed-loop spray-coupled microchannel heat dissipation circulation system, comprising the following steps:

[0063] The evaporator end pipeline of the circulation system is divided into two, and a coupling of refrigerant flash spray cooling and microchannel cooling is adopted. The flow distribution of the two heat dissipation methods is adjusted to regulate the spray chamber 16. The flow distribution of spray and microchannel is controlled by microchannel flow regulating valve 14 and spray flow regulating valve 15 to achieve high heat flux density heat dissipation, and to perform multi-faceted cooling and temperature uniformity control of the heating element 16-6.

[0064] The flow distribution of the spray and microchannel is controlled by the microchannel flow regulating valve 14 and the spray flow regulating valve 15; the cavity pressure is controlled by the cavity pressure regulating valve 22, the vaporization regulating valve 5, and the cavity bypass regulating valve 29; the cavity gas superheat is controlled by the cavity auxiliary heaters 16-8; the liquid subcooling before the nozzle can be adjusted by the first constant temperature water tank 4 and the second constant temperature water tank 11 in the condensing section, where the first constant temperature water tank 4 replaces the traditional air cooling and can accurately control the fluid state before the vaporization regulating valve 5, and the high-precision second constant temperature water tank 11 controls the liquid subcooling and temperature stability before the nozzle; the liquid pressure before the nozzle is controlled by the compressor speed 1, the vaporization regulating valve 5, and the liquid refrigerant pressure regulating valve 9. In particular, the cavity bypass a and the compressor bypass b also serve to divert the compressor flow, increasing the system's adaptability range in the low load power range. All regulating valves are electronic regulating valves, integrated into the computer control, and can continuously and accurately control the opening degree.

[0065] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

[0066] The above content provides a further detailed description of the present invention. It should not be construed that the specific embodiments of the present invention are limited to this. For those skilled in the art, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and all such deductions or substitutions should be considered to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention as defined by the submitted claims.

Claims

1. A refrigerant closed-loop spray-coupled microchannel heat dissipation circulation system, characterized in that, Includes a compressor (1), a first constant temperature water bath and heat exchanger unit (4), a first gas-liquid separator (7), a second constant temperature water bath and heat exchanger unit (11), a microchannel flow regulating valve (14), and a spray flow regulating valve (15). The compressor (1) outlet is connected to the first constant temperature water bath and heat exchanger unit (4) via the outlet of the oil-gas separator (2). The outlet of the first constant temperature water bath and heat exchanger unit (4) is connected to the inlet of the first gas-liquid separator (7) via the vaporization regulating valve (5). The liquid outlet of the first gas-liquid separator (7) is connected to the second constant temperature water bath and heat exchanger unit (11) via the liquid refrigerant pressure regulating valve (9). The second constant temperature water bath and heat exchanger unit (11) is connected to the second constant temperature water bath and heat exchanger unit (11) via the refrigerant charging ball. The valve (12) is connected to the spray chamber (16) and the microchannel (18). The inlet pipe is equipped with the spray flow regulating valve (15) and the microchannel flow regulating valve (14). The spray chamber (16) is placed on the air flotation platform (19). Its outlet is connected in sequence to the sight glass (20), the chamber pressure regulating valve (22), the liquid collection chamber (23), the low-pressure section ball valve (25), and the second gas-liquid separator (27). The outlet of the second gas-liquid separator (27) is connected to the inlet of the compressor (1). The spray chamber (16) contains a heating element (16-6). It also includes a cavity bypass (a); the two ends of the cavity bypass (a) are connected to the outlet of the first gas-liquid separator (7) and the spray chamber (16) respectively, and the cavity bypass regulating valve (29) on the cavity bypass (a) adjusts the cavity pressure in conjunction with the opening of the vaporization regulating valve (5); It also includes a compressor bypass (b); the two ends of the compressor bypass (b) are respectively connected to the outlet of the first gas-liquid separator (7) and the inlet of the second gas-liquid separator (27); A compressor bypass regulating valve (31) is provided on the compressor bypass (b).

2. The refrigerant closed-loop spray-coupled microchannel heat dissipation circulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a venting and pressure-stabilizing bypass (c); the two ends of the venting and pressure-stabilizing bypass (c) are respectively connected to the nozzle front pipeline and the inlet of the second gas-liquid separator (27); a cavity pressure-stabilizing valve (32) is provided on the venting and pressure-stabilizing bypass (c).

3. The refrigerant closed-loop spray-coupled microchannel heat dissipation circulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spray chamber (16) includes a viewing window (16-1), a dynamically sealed liquid inlet pipe (16-2), a single nozzle / nozzle array (16-4), a microchannel (18), and an auxiliary heater (16-8); the dynamically sealed liquid inlet pipe (16-2) is connected to the single nozzle / nozzle array (16-4) for adjusting the height to the surface of the heating element (16-6); The viewing window (16-1) and temperature and pressure sensor (16-5) are disposed on the housing of the spray chamber (16), the heating element (16-6) is disposed inside the housing of the spray chamber (16), the microchannel (18) is disposed on the side of the heating element (16-6), and the auxiliary heater (16-8) is disposed inside the spray chamber (16).

4. The refrigerant closed-loop spray-coupled microchannel heat dissipation circulation system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The impact surface material of the heating element (16-6) is one or more combinations of copper, brass, and single crystal silicon, and the surface structure includes one or more combinations of macroscopic structure and micro / nano structure.

5. A refrigerant closed-loop spray-coupled microchannel heat dissipation circulation system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The spray chamber (16) is connected to the circulation via a flexible hose (16-3) through a dynamic sealing inlet pipe (16-2). The spray chamber (16) is placed on an air flotation platform (19).

6. The refrigerant closed-loop spray-coupled microchannel heat dissipation circulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid collection chamber (23) is also equipped with a liquid collection chamber auxiliary heater (24); the liquid outlet of the oil-gas separator (2) is connected to the inlet of the compressor (1) through the return oil ball valve (28); the refrigerant of the circulation system is one of R134a, R404A, R410A and R32.

7. The refrigerant closed-loop spray-coupled microchannel heat dissipation circulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a computer (17), a data acquisition unit and an adjustment component. The data acquisition unit includes multiple sets of sensors installed in the circulation pipeline; the parameters of each sensor are connected to the data acquisition device and then to the computer (17). The regulating components include all electrically adjustable valves installed in the circulation pipeline, and the regulating components are connected to the output of the computer (17).

8. A method for adjusting a refrigerant closed-loop spray-coupled microchannel heat dissipation circulation system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, include: The evaporator end pipeline of the circulation system is divided into two parts, and a refrigerant flash spray cooling and microchannel cooling are coupled. Spray cooling directly cools the top of the heating element, while microchannel cooling cools the side of the heating element. The flow distribution of the two heat dissipation methods is adjusted to regulate the spray chamber (16). The flow distribution of spray and microchannel is controlled by the microchannel flow regulating valve (14) and the spray flow regulating valve (15) to achieve high heat flux density heat dissipation and multi-face cooling and temperature uniformity control of the heating element (16-6).

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