An engineering construction and synchronous planting and breeding operation method of a rice-shrimp co-culture process test plot

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of engineering construction and synchronous planting and breeding operation method of rice shrimp co-production process test plot, steps are as follows: (one) test plot construction;(1-1) test plot main construction;(1-2) soil backfilling;(two) water grass planting plot construction;(2-1) water grass planting plot main construction;(2-2) soil backfilling;(three) test plot, water grass planting plot synchronous planting and breeding operation;(3-1) water grass transplanting;(3-2) filamentous alga control;(3) planting or breeding parameter, the research test management process of effect;Through the application, a kind of construction idea of stable structure, controllable inlet and outlet of test plot is first proposed, the water environment steady-state regulation technology mainly for submerged plant growth management is innovated, and the rice shrimp co-production process operation management method that can realize "planting and breeding simultaneously" is innovated, and the efficient development of rice shrimp co-production process related scientific research test is comprehensively guaranteed.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to an engineering construction and synchronous planting and breeding operation method of a rice and crayfish co-cultivation process test plot, and belongs to the field of agriculture. BACKGROUND

[0002] The rice and crayfish (Procambarus clarkii, hereinafter referred to as "crayfish") planting and breeding mode has good ecological and economic benefits, and has become a main rice field comprehensive planting and breeding technology in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. At present, the rotation technology system of "single crayfish breeding in spring and single rice planting in summer" is relatively mature; the key technologies and special inputs of the summer "synchronous planting and breeding" co-cultivation process are relatively scarce, which not only affects the stable yield of the mode, but also cannot guarantee the standardization of crayfish growth effect and the stability of income in summer, resulting in the limitation of its popularization and application in production practice. Based on a scientific and controllable test plot platform, the complementary effects such as "fertilizer bait conversion" and "planting and breeding coupling" in the co-cultivation process are studied, the related parameters such as "fertilizer bait synergistic reduction ratio" and "efficient pest control technology" are clarified, and the key production technologies and special inputs are optimized; through scientific and systematic research process, the sustainable development of the rice and crayfish co-cultivation process is promoted.

[0003] At present, the related test of the rice and crayfish co-cultivation process is mainly carried out in large-scale farmland and small-scale soil pool type test plots. The planting and breeding data in the field scale are more instructive to the production technology, but the interference of the surrounding conventional crop production process such as fertilization and spraying cannot be prevented. The environment under the condition of small-scale soil pool is similar to the actual production, and it can be far away from the conventional farmland production process, which is convenient for management, but it has high requirements for the soil ridge and the water retention performance of the bottom soil, otherwise the continuous deep water capacity is insufficient, the water environment stability is poor, and the crayfish breeding effect is poor. In addition, the potting test scale is small, and the advantages are that the planting and breeding parameters are controllable, but the temperature and light conditions are significantly different from the field environment, and the marginal effect is obvious, and the related data of rice cannot be applied to the field production; due to the influence of external conditions such as high temperature and high light in summer, the crayfish breeding effect is poor, and the data accuracy is insufficient. Therefore, the foregoing type of test platform cannot guarantee the efficient iteration process of the planting and breeding technology of the process. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, and to provide an engineering construction and synchronous planting and breeding operation method of a rice and crayfish co-cultivation process test plot. Based on the problems existing in the prior art test platform type, an engineering construction and synchronous planting and breeding operation scheme of a test plot is designed, which has strong controllability of planting and breeding parameters, and the test conditions are similar to the actual production, the test results are more instructive to the actual production, and the planting and breeding technology optimization and popularization and application of the rice and crayfish co-cultivation process can be effectively promoted.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purposes, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows: a method for engineering construction and synchronous planting and breeding operation of a test plot in a rice-shrimp co-culture process, the specific implementation steps of which are as follows:

[0006] (I) test plot construction;

[0007] (1-1) main construction of the test plot;

[0008] A first pit is excavated in a flat land block, a drainage pipeline is laid on the bottom of the first pit, and a vertical upward interface is reserved on the drainage pipeline; an open-top first waterproof net cage is placed in the first pit, the bottom of the first waterproof net cage is provided with a drainage port, the drainage port is fixed in communication with the vertical upward interface of the drainage pipeline; a quick plug-in and plug-out adjustable water pipe is further provided, the quick plug-in and plug-out adjustable water pipe is open at both ends, and a plurality of pores are uniformly arranged around the pipe wall at one end; when the water level in the first net cage needs to be maintained, the end of the pipe wall without pores is inserted into the drainage port of the first waterproof net cage downward; when the first net cage needs to drain water, the end of the pipe wall with pores is inserted into the drainage port downward, and the water in the first net cage flows into the drainage pipeline in sequence through the pores and the drainage port and is then discharged;

[0009] (1-2) soil backfilling;

[0010] A soil non-backfilling area is set on one side of the drainage port in the first waterproof net cage as a shrimp ditch, and the soil is backfilled into the first waterproof net cage except the shrimp ditch and is then leveled as a rice planting platform, the vertical drop of the soil plane of the rice planting platform from the top of the four walls of the first waterproof net cage is 20-40 cm, and the soil plane of the rice planting platform in the first waterproof net cage is lower than the top of the four walls of the first waterproof net cage;

[0011] After the backfilling and leveling are completed, a hollow hard material is uniformly pressed into the boundary slope surface between the shrimp ditch and the rice planting platform, and the construction process of the test plot is completed;

[0012] (II) water and grass planting plot construction;

[0013] (2-1) main construction of the water and grass planting plot;

[0014] A second pit is excavated in a flat land block, and an open-top second waterproof net cage is placed in the second pit;

[0015] (2-2) soil backfilling;

[0016] The soil is uniformly backfilled into the entire bottom of the second waterproof net cage and is then leveled, after the leveling, the vertical drop of the soil surface layer in the second waterproof net cage from the top of the four walls of the second waterproof net cage is 1.2-1.4 m, and the soil surface layer in the second waterproof net cage is lower than the top of the four walls of the second waterproof net cage; the construction process of the water and grass planting plot is completed;

[0017] (III) synchronous planting and breeding operation of the test plot and the water and grass planting plot;

[0018] Every 5-10 step (I) to build a test area with a matching size of step (II) to build a water plant planting area;

[0019] (3-1) Water plant planting management;

[0020] Before winter or early spring, transplanting submergent plants in the water plant planting area at the soil level, and placing submergent plant pots for temporary cultivation; 15-20 days before rice transplanting, transplanting submergent plants in the water plant planting area on the slope between the shrimp ditch and the rice planting platform, and moving the submergent plant pots for temporary cultivation in the water plant planting area to the bottom of the shrimp ditch in the test area;

[0021] When the submergent plant canopy expands to 0.8-1.5 m, fry is released, and the upper layer of water in the water plant planting area is intermittently replaced with the bottom layer of water in the test area, and maintained for 7-10 days; During the growth of submergent plants, timely pruning and partial removal are required;

[0022] (3-2) Filamentous algae control;

[0023] During the summer high temperature period, a hollow black gauze net is suspended above the submergent plant canopy during the day, and a carbon-containing aqueous solution is applied to the area, and artificial light is used to supplement light to the submergent plant area at night;

[0024] If filamentous algae are found to be climbing the submergent plant canopy, a monochromatic light-transmitting sheet is used to cover it during the day; If filamentous algae outbreak occurs, the aforementioned hollow black gauze net is used for shading treatment until the floating state filamentous algae decompose to the bottom, and thereafter, a carbon-containing, chlormequat-comprising aqueous solution is sprayed to the underwater canopy of the submergent plant, with a solute ratio of 10:1-5:1, and a total concentration of the aqueous solution of 1-5 ‰;

[0025] (3-3) Planting or breeding test management;

[0026] In breeding parameter or effect research, the total amount of fertilizer for rice can be used as a reference for conventional rice cultivation, and the amount of nitrogen can be reduced by replacing part of the conventional urea with organic or slow-release nitrogen. One-time fertilization or two-step fertilization during tillering is appropriate. After breeding, the rice planting platform is managed according to the requirements of conventional rice production;

[0027] In planting parameter or effect research, fry is released during the tillering stage of rice, and the water level of the rice planting platform is gradually increased; evenly spread feed on the slope between the shrimp ditch and the rice planting platform; according to the relationship between the body weight of crayfish and time, the harvesting process is completed in time according to the needs of the experimenter.

[0028] In step (1-1), the first pit is a square first pit with a size of length* width* depth = 5-7 m*3-5 m*1-1.5 m; a first hard frame is placed in the first pit, and a first waterproof net cage is fixed in the first hard frame; the material of the first hard frame includes but is not limited to galvanized pipe, stainless steel pipe and concrete column; the size of the first hard frame and the top open first waterproof net cage is determined according to the size of the first pit; the aperture shape of the one end of the quick plug-in and plug-out adjusting water pipe hole includes but is not limited to circle and strip, and the maximum aperture diameter is less than 2 cm.

[0029] In step (1-2), after the soil backfilling is completed, the soil plane area ratio of the rice planting platform is greater than or equal to 90%; the hollow hard material includes but is not limited to hollow brick and hollow plastic block.

[0030] In step (2-1), a second hard frame is placed in the second square pit, and a second waterproof net cage is fixed in the second hard frame; the second pit is a square second pit with a size of length* width* depth = 10-15 m*5-8 m*1-1.5 m; the pipe material of the second hard frame includes but is not limited to galvanized pipe, stainless steel pipe and concrete column; the size of the second hard frame and the top open first waterproof net cage and the second hard frame thereof is determined according to the size of the second pit; the water suction part of the inlet and outlet circulating water pipe which is deeply inserted into the net cage water layer needs to be installed with a shrimp fry filtering device, and the maximum diameter of the aperture of the device is less than 2 cm.

[0031] In step (3-1), the soil plane of the water grass planting area and the submerged plants planted in the potting include but are not limited to one or more of Elodea nuttallii, Hydrilla verticillata, Potamogeton crispus and Vallisneria denseseta; the potting is added with organic fertilizer or compost according to 10-20% of the soil volume; the top of the submerged plant of the water grass planting area and the test area needs to be kept 20-30 cm below the water surface, otherwise the top needs to be trimmed; if the coverage of the submerged plant in the shrimp ditch is greater than 60%, partial removal needs to be taken; the shrimp fry is placed in the shallow water area, including the slope between the shrimp ditch and the rice planting platform, the field surface or the top of the submerged plant; the water layer replacement completion standard is that the dissolved oxygen of the water layer of 20 cm at the bottom of the test area is higher than 3 mg / L.

[0032] In step (3-2), the high temperature criterion is that the daily maximum air temperature is above 35 DEG C, the shading degree of the hollow black screen is 50-75%, the carbon-containing aqueous solution solute includes one or more of bicarbonate, the carbon-containing concentration is in the range of 0.5-5%, the spraying frequency is 5-7 days / time, the waterproof performance of the artificial light source reaches IPX4 level, the color temperature is between 3500-6500K, the light intensity in the submerged plant growth area is between 800-3000lx, the light wavelength includes two wave bands of 492-550nm and 600-760nm, and the light wavelength is configured and superimposed according to 3:1-2:1; the light wavelength of the monochromatic light transmission sheet after filtering is 492-550nm, the filtering period is 5-10 days, and the chlormequat includes one or more of naphthalene acetic acid and indole acetic acid.

[0033] In step (3-3), in the breeding parameter or effect research, the total nitrogen supply ratio of the organic state and the slow-acting state is 30-50%, the base fertilizer is generally deep or side deep, and the application depth is not less than 10cm below the soil surface; the field water level is preferably not higher than the lowest leaf of the rice, and the field water level is gradually increased to 20-40cm; the soil surface of the rice planting platform after the crayfish is harvested needs to keep a 2cm water layer, and water is irrigated in time when the soil water potential is lower than-15kpa.

[0034] In the planting parameter or effect research, when the number of tillers of japonica rice reaches 8 or the number of tillers of indica rice reaches 5, the crayfish fry can be put into the field after 7 days of base fertilizer application; the density of the crayfish fry after being put into the field is less than 4000 tails / mu, the crayfish fry is 8-15g / tail in size, the relationship between the crayfish weight (Y) and the crayfish breeding time (X) is described as Y=46.97+(-43.90) / (1+exp((X-33.68) / 15.95)); if the breeding object is the parent crayfish required for the post-rice breeding fry, the male to female ratio is set to 2:1-10:1, and if the breeding object is a commodity crayfish, the male to female ratio is set to 1:10-1:1.

[0035] The method is advanced and scientific, and the engineering construction and synchronous planting and breeding operation method of the rice-crayfish co-cultivation process test plot provided by the application relates to the construction and operation process of the rice-crayfish co-cultivation process test plot, specifically relates to a method for guaranteeing the efficient development of the rice-crayfish co-cultivation process test by constructing the plot and combining with comprehensive planting and breeding management technology, so as to promote the iteration and update of the bottleneck process related technologies of the rice-crayfish mode.

[0036] The present application is based on the problems existing in the prior test platform, and first proposes a stable and controllable design idea for the main body engineering of the test plot, innovates the water environment steady-state regulation technology mainly based on the growth management of submerged plants, and optimizes the production technology of coupling of planting and breeding mainly based on "fertilizer and bait input" and water management. The test platform constructed and managed by the above-mentioned technologies will further reveal the coupling effect of planting and breeding in the process of co-production under the condition of ensuring the effect of crayfish breeding in the process of co-production, which is helpful for the optimization of related production technology and the development process of related input products. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 The growth of elodea and filamentous algae under different shading modes;

[0038] Figure 2 The dynamic change of dissolved oxygen content under 50 cm below the water surface (the same time, different letters in each treatment indicate that the difference reaches a significant level (p<0.05));

[0039] Figure 3 The growth of azolla filiculoides and filamentous algae after 30 days of different treatments (from left to right: CK, L, C, C+L);

[0040] Figure 4 The growth of elodea under different light wavelengths;

[0041] Figure 5 The growth of elodea under different organic fertilizer concentrations;

[0042] Figure 6 The process and effect comparison chart of different types of plot tests (top: soil pool plot; bottom: test plot). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] In order to further understand the content of the present application, the present application is described in detail in combination with the drawings and examples.

[0044] A method for engineering construction and synchronous planting and breeding operation of a rice-shrimp co-production process test plot, the specific implementation steps are:

[0045] (I) Construction of controllable test plot;

[0046] (1-1) Main construction of test plot;

[0047] The first pit is excavated in a flat ground, a drainage pipe is laid at the bottom of the first pit, and a vertical upward interface is reserved on the drainage pipe; an open-top first waterproof net cage is placed in the first pit, the bottom of the first waterproof net cage is provided with a drainage port, and the drainage port is fixed in communication with the vertical upward interface of the drainage pipe; a quick plug-in and plug-out water pipe is further provided, the quick plug-in and plug-out water pipe is open at both ends, and a plurality of pores are uniformly arranged in the annular pipe wall at one end; when the water level in the first net cage needs to be maintained, the end of the pipe wall without pores is inserted into the drainage port of the first waterproof net cage downward; when the first net cage needs to drain water, the end of the pipe wall with pores is inserted into the drainage port downward, and the water in the first net cage flows into the drainage pipe in sequence through the pores and the drainage port and is discharged.

[0048] The first pit is a square first pit, and the specification is 5-7 m*3-5 m*1-1.5 m; a first hard frame is placed in the first pit, and the first waterproof net cage is fixed in the first hard frame; the material of the first hard frame includes but is not limited to galvanized pipe, stainless steel pipe and concrete column; the size of the first hard frame and the open-top first waterproof net cage is determined according to the size of the first pit; the pore shape of the quick plug-in and plug-out water pipe includes but is not limited to circular and strip, and the maximum pore diameter is less than 2 cm.

[0049] (1-2) Soil backfilling;

[0050] A soil non-backfilling area is set on one side of the drainage port in the first waterproof net cage as a shrimp ditch, and the soil is backfilled into the first waterproof net cage except the shrimp ditch and is flattened as a rice planting platform, the vertical drop of the soil plane of the rice planting platform to the top of the four walls of the first waterproof net cage is 20-40 cm, and the soil plane of the rice planting platform in the first waterproof net cage is lower than the top of the four walls of the first waterproof net cage.

[0051] After the backfilling and flattening are completed, a hollow hard material is uniformly pressed into the boundary slope surface between the shrimp ditch and the rice planting platform, and the construction process of the test plot is completed.

[0052] After the soil backfilling is completed, the area ratio of the soil plane of the rice planting platform is greater than or equal to 90%; the hollow hard material includes but is not limited to hollow bricks and hollow plastic blocks.

[0053] (II) Water and grass planting plot construction

[0054] (2-1) Main construction of the water and grass planting plot

[0055] A second pit is excavated in a flat ground, and an open-top second waterproof net cage is placed in the second pit.

[0056] The second square pit is provided with a second hard frame, and the second waterproof net cage is fixed in the second hard frame; the second pit is a square second pit, and the size of the square second pit is 10-15m*5-8m*1-1.5m; the pipe material of the second hard frame includes but is not limited to galvanized pipe, stainless steel pipe and concrete column; according to the size of the second pit, the size of the second hard frame and the top open first waterproof net cage and the second hard frame thereof are determined;

[0057] (2-2) Soil backfilling;

[0058] The soil is evenly backfilled to the entire bottom of the second waterproof net cage and is leveled. After leveling, the vertical drop of the soil surface in the second waterproof net cage from the top of the four sides thereof is 1.2-1.4m, and the soil surface in the second waterproof net cage is lower than the top of the four sides thereof. The construction process of the water and grass planting area is completed.

[0059] (Three) Synchronous planting and breeding operation of the test area and the water and grass planting area;

[0060] Every 5-10 test areas constructed through step (one) need to be matched with one water and grass planting area of the same size constructed through step (two);

[0061] (3-1) Water and grass planting management;

[0062] Before winter or in early spring, the submerged plants are transplanted on the soil plane of the water and grass planting area, and the submerged plant pots for temporary breeding are placed. 15-20 days before the rice is transplanted, the submerged plants in the water and grass planting area are transplanted on the slope between the shrimp ditch and the rice planting platform, and the temporarily bred submerged plant pots in the water and grass planting area are moved to the bottom of the shrimp ditch in the test area;

[0063] When the submerged plant umbrella diameter expands to 0.8-1.5m, the shrimp fry is released, and the bottom water in the shrimp ditch in the test area is intermittently replaced with the upper water in the water and grass planting area, and is maintained for 7-10 days. The submerged plants need to be timely topped and partially removed during growth;

[0064] The submerged plants planted on the soil plane and in the pots of the water and grass planting area include but are not limited to one or more of Elodea nuttallii, Azolla filiculoides, Potamogeton crispus and Vallisneria denseserrulata; the pots are added with organic fertilizer or compost according to 10-20% of the volume of the soil; the top of the submerged plant umbrella needs to be kept 20-30cm below the water surface, otherwise the plant needs to be topped; if the coverage of the submerged plants in the shrimp ditch in the test area is greater than 60%, partial removal needs to be taken; the shrimp fry is released in the shallow water area, including the slope between the shrimp ditch and the rice planting platform, the field or the top of the submerged plant umbrella; the water layer replacement is completed when the dissolved oxygen of the water layer of 20cm at the bottom of the test area is higher than 3mg / L.

[0065] (3-2) Filamentous algae control;

[0066] During the summer high-temperature period, use a hollow black gauze net suspended above the submerged plant pom-pom during the day, and concentrate the application of carbon-containing aqueous solution in this area, and use artificial light source to carry out light supplement operation to the submerged plant area at night;

[0067] If the submerged plant appears filamentous algae climbing phenomenon, use monochromatic light filter to cover during the day; if filamentous algae outbreak occurs, use the aforementioned hollow black gauze net cover treatment until the floating state filamentous algae decomposes to the bottom, and thereafter, spray carbon-containing and chlormequat complex aqueous solution to the submerged plant underwater pom-pom, wherein the solute ratio is 10:1-5:1, and the total concentration of the two aqueous solutions is controlled at 1-5 ‰;

[0068] The high temperature standard is that the daily maximum temperature is above 35℃; the shading degree of the hollow black gauze net is 50-75%; the solute of the carbon-containing aqueous solution includes one or more of bicarbonate, and the carbon-containing concentration range is 0.5-5%, the spraying frequency is 5-7 days / time; the waterproof performance of the artificial light source reaches IPX4 level, the color temperature is between 3500-6500K, the light intensity of the submerged plant growth area is between 800-3000lx, the light wavelength includes two wave bands of 492-550nm and 600-760nm, and is configured and used in a ratio of 3:1-2:1; the light wavelength of the monochromatic light filter is 492-550nm, and the filter period is 5-10 days; the chlormequat includes one or more of naphthalene acetic acid and indole acetic acid, which are plant growth regulators.

[0069] (3-3) Planting or breeding test management;

[0070] In the breeding parameter or effect research, the total amount of rice fertilization can refer to the conventional rice cultivation, wherein the nitrogen content needs to be reduced, the conventional urea content is replaced by organic or slow-release nitrogen, and one-time fertilization or two-step fertilization process is appropriate; after the breeding is completed, the rice planting platform is managed according to the requirements of conventional rice production;

[0071] In the planting parameter or effect research, shrimp seedlings are put into the rice planting platform during the tillering period, and the water level of the platform is gradually increased; the feed is evenly applied on the slope between the shrimp ditch and the rice planting platform; according to the relationship between the body weight of the crayfish and the time, the harvesting process is completed in time according to the needs of the experimenter.

[0072] In the breeding parameter or effect research, the total nitrogen supply of organic and slow-release state is 30-50%, the base fertilizer is applied by deep or side deep fertilization, and the application depth is not less than 10cm below the soil surface; the water level of the field is appropriate not higher than the lowest part of the rice leaf, and the water level of the field is gradually increased to 20-40cm; the soil surface layer of the rice planting platform after harvesting crayfish needs to maintain a 2cm water layer, and water needs to be irrigated when the soil water potential is lower than-15kpa;

[0073] In the planting parameter or effect research, when the tillering number of japonica rice reaches 8 or the tillering number of indica rice reaches 5, and both need to be put into the shrimp fry after 7 days of the base fertilizer of rice is applied; the density of the shrimp fry in the field after being put in is less than 4000 tails per mu, and the size of the shrimp fry is 8-15g per tail, the relationship between the body weight (Y) of the crayfish and the crayfish breeding time (X) is described as Y=46.97+(-43.90) / (1+exp((X-33.68) / 15.95)); if the breeding object is the parent crayfish required by the post-rice breeding fry, the female to male ratio needs to be set to 2:1-10:1, and if the breeding object is the commodity adult crayfish, the female to male ratio is set to 1:10-1:1.

[0074] Example 1

[0075] In this example, the competitive growth effects of filamentous algae and elodea under the conditions of complete covering (W) of black gauze, covering (H) of hollow black gauze, half covering (LW) of black gauze, and half covering (LH) of hollow black gauze are compared.

[0076] As shown in Figure 1 After 3 weeks of the test, the elodea in all covering treatments grows normally, and has a good control effect on the growth of filamentous algae; in the covering treatments, a small amount of filamentous algae in the uncovered half of the two half covering treatments (LW, LH) is in a floating state, which will compete with elodea for natural resources in the subsequent growth process, affecting the healthy growth of elodea; in the two full covering treatments (W, H), there is no obvious growth of filamentous algae, and the hollow treatment is more conducive to ensuring the appropriate light intensity, meeting the photosynthesis needs of elodea, and avoiding the risk of death of elodea due to high-temperature direct radiation.

[0077] Table 1 Light intensity and elodea biomass under each treatment

[0078]

[0079] Example 2

[0080] In this example, the growth conditions of azolla and filamentous algae and the change of water dissolved oxygen under the conditions of control (CK), light adjustment (L), carbon supplement (C), and light-carbon coordination (C+L) are compared. The results show that the dissolved oxygen content in the water layer below 50cm at 6am and 6pm in the initial stage of each treatment has little difference, but as time goes on, the dissolved oxygen content at 6am in the control treatment continuously decreases, while the dissolved oxygen content at 6pm decreases in the initial stage and is stable in the later stage; the dissolved oxygen content in the water at 6am and 6pm in the light-carbon coordination treatment (C+L) is always significantly higher than that in other treatments, and combined with Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the azolla grows moderately, and there is no phenomenon of filamentous algae breeding; the light adjustment treatment (L) is better than the control group at 10 days and 20 days, but is significantly lower than the control group at 30 days, combined withFigure 3 The growth conditions of Hydrilla verticillata and filamentous algae, and only the light treatment increased the biomass of Hydrilla verticillata, but also helped the rapid proliferation of filamentous algae, so that part of the filamentous algae appeared to float after 30 days, which was not conducive to the subsequent healthy growth of Hydrilla verticillata; the dissolved oxygen content of the carbon supplement treatment was lower than that of the control group at 10, 20 and 30 days, and combined with the fact that the filamentous algae grew faster than the control group, it was not conducive to the healthy growth of Hydrilla verticillata. Figure 3 It can be seen that after 30 days of carbon supplementation alone, a large amount of filamentous algae floated on the water surface, reducing the gas-water exchange capacity of the water body, and the subsequent decomposition of the dead filamentous algae would consume a large amount of dissolved oxygen in the water body, seriously affecting the water environment and being not conducive to the cultivation process.

[0081] Example 3

[0082] This example compares the growth effects of water grass under different waveband light conditions. The results show that the light wavelength of 510-530 nm (red light) is conducive to the dwarfing of Elodea canadensis, with a fresh weight of 32 g and an average stem length of 12.2 cm; the light wavelength of 647-720 nm (green light) is conducive to the growth, with a fresh weight of 30.2 g and a stem length of 15.4 cm; compared with the first two light wavelength ranges, the light wavelength of 430-480 nm (blue light) is conducive to the growth, with a stem length of 21.2 cm, a fresh weight of 23.4 g, and the light wavelength of 570-580 nm (yellow light) is conducive to the growth, with a stem length of 8.9 cm and a fresh weight of 18.8 g. Therefore, the combination of 510-530 nm (red light) and 647-720 nm (green light) is conducive to the biomass accumulation and dwarfing growth of Elodea canadensis, and reduces the operation cost of cutting treatment required for elongation.

[0083] Example 4

[0084] This example demonstrates the effect of organic fertilizer solution of different concentrations on controlling algae and promoting grass. After 12 days of growth test under constant temperature (25°C), constant light intensity (2000 lx), and constant day and night length (12 h-12 h) conditions, the culture barrel without adding organic fertilizer (0‰) appeared a large number of filamentous algae climbing on Elodea canadensis and being in the suspended to floating stage, which inhibited the healthy growth of Elodea canadensis; the Elodea canadensis treated with 1‰ organic fertilizer grew well and no filamentous algae appeared; the two high-concentration organic fertilizer treatments (2‰, 4‰) had a long-lasting tea-brown water color, which was not conducive to the survival of Elodea canadensis, and the stems and leaves were in a state of cracking, and the cracking degree increased with the increase of concentration. Therefore, appropriate increase of organic fertilizer not only meets the partial nutrient demand of Elodea canadensis, but also helps to inhibit the growth of filamentous algae.

[0085] Example 5

[0086] As Figure 6As shown in the present example, the deep water level maintenance and crayfish culture effect during the rice-crayfish co-culture process in the soil pool plot and the test plot are compared. The results show that in terms of deep water level maintenance ability, the soil ridge around the soil pool plot shrinks to form a large gap due to water loss, and the internal water loss is fast, with a water replenishment interval of 2-4 days. In comparison, the water loss in the test plot is mainly through natural evaporation, and the maintenance period of the water layer at a depth of 20-40 cm above the rice planting platform soil can reach 15-20 days, which reduces the water replenishment frequency and cost, and is conducive to the breeding test process of rice varieties suitable for deep water environment; and increases the activity radius of crayfish, controls the growth of weeds on the field surface, and continuously fertilizes rice with crayfish feces, realizing the ecological function of "reducing fertilizer and pesticide" in the process.

[0087] In terms of crayfish culture, about 5g crayfish fry with uniform weight were released, and the density was 4000 per mu. Due to the faster water loss rate of the soil pool plot, the growth of elodea was poor, and the alligator weed gradually expanded to the entire crayfish ditch water body. Although the crayfish ditch adopted continuous electric oxygenation, the dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) at a depth of 40 cm below the water surface during the day was less than 3 mg / L. In comparison, the test plot has a longer deep water maintenance period, combined with the comprehensive application of elodea maintenance technology to maintain the stability of the water environment, and the dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) at a depth of 40 cm below the water surface during the day is more than 12 mg / L, which is conducive to the healthy growth of crayfish. After 90 days, the weight and yield of crayfish in the test plot were significantly higher than those in the former plot (p<0.05), and the individual uniformity in the test plot was also higher than that in the former plot (p>0.05), which is conducive to improving the commodity rate of crayfish.

[0088] In summary, compared with the soil pool plot, the test plot has better water level maintenance ability, and through the application of comprehensive management measures, it ensures the effective culture process of crayfish, improves the rice-crayfish interaction effect on the rice planting platform, and promotes the efficient development of related scientific research tests in the rice-crayfish co-culture process, and has good guidance for production practice.

[0089] Table 2 Crayfish yield traits

[0090]

Claims

1. A method for engineering construction and synchronous operation of a test plot for rice-shrimp co-culture process, characterized in that, The specific implementation steps are: (1) Test plot construction; (1-1) Test plot main construction; Select a flat plot to dig a first pit, lay a drainage pipe on the bottom of the first pit, and reserve a vertical upward interface on the drainage pipe; Place an open-top first waterproof mesh box in the first pit, and the bottom of the first waterproof mesh box is provided with a drainage port which is connected with the vertical upward interface of the drainage pipe; It is also provided with a quick plug-in adjustable water pipe, both ends of the quick plug-in adjustable water pipe are open, and a plurality of pores are uniformly arranged on the pipe wall around one end; When the water level in the first mesh box needs to be maintained, the end of the pipe wall without pores is inserted into the drainage port of the first waterproof mesh box downward; When the first mesh box needs to drain water, the end of the pipe wall with pores is inserted into the drainage port downward, and the water in the first mesh box flows into the drainage pipe through the pores and the drainage port in sequence and is discharged; (1-2) Soil backfilling; A soil non-backfilling area is set on one side of the drainage port in the first waterproof mesh box as a shrimp ditch, and the soil is backfilled into the first waterproof mesh box except the shrimp ditch and is leveled as a rice planting platform, the vertical drop between the soil plane of the rice planting platform and the top of the four walls of the first waterproof mesh box is 20-40 cm, and the soil plane of the rice planting platform in the first waterproof mesh box is lower than the top of the four walls of the first waterproof mesh box; After the backfilling and leveling are completed, a hollow hard material is uniformly pressed into the boundary slope surface between the shrimp ditch and the rice planting platform, and the construction process of the test plot is completed; (2) Water and grass planting plot construction; (2-1) Water and grass planting plot main construction; Select a flat plot to dig a second pit, and place a second waterproof mesh box with an open top in the second pit; (2-2) Soil backfilling; The soil is evenly backfilled to the entire bottom of the second waterproof mesh box and is leveled, after leveling, the vertical drop between the soil surface layer in the second waterproof mesh box and the top of the four walls of the second waterproof mesh box is 1.2-1.4 m, and the soil surface layer in the second waterproof mesh box is lower than the top of the four walls of the second waterproof mesh box; The construction process of the water and grass planting plot is completed; (3) Test plot and water and grass planting plot synchronous planting operation; Every 5-10 test plots constructed in step (1) need to be matched with one water and grass planting plot constructed in step (2) of the same size; (3-1) Water and grass planting management; Before winter or early spring, submerge plants are transplanted on the soil plane of the water and grass planting plot, and submerge plant pots are placed for temporary cultivation; 15-20 days before rice transplantation, submerge plants in the water and grass planting plot are transplanted on the slope between the shrimp ditch and the rice planting platform, and the temporarily cultivated submerge plant pots in the water and grass planting plot are moved to the bottom of the shrimp ditch in the test plot; When the submerge plant canopy diameter expands to 0.8-1.5 m, shrimp fry is released, and the bottom water in the shrimp ditch of the test plot is intermittently replaced with the upper water of the water and grass planting plot, and is maintained for 7-10 days; The submerge plants need to be topped and partially removed in time during growth; (3-2) Filamentous algae control; During the summer high temperature period, a hollow black gauze net is suspended and fixed above the submerge plant canopy during the day, and a carbon-containing aqueous solution is sprayed in the area, and artificial light is used to supplement light to the submerge plant area at night; If the submerged plants show filamentous algae climbing, a single-color light-transmitting sheet is used to cover during the day; if filamentous algae outbreak occurs, the aforementioned black mesh screen is used to cover until the filamentous algae in the floating state decompose and sink to the bottom, and then a carbon-containing and chlormequat-complex water solution is sprayed on the underwater head of the submerged plants, wherein the solute ratio is 10:1-5:1, and the total concentration of the two water solutions is controlled at 1-5 ‰; (3-3) Planting or breeding test management; In the breeding parameter or effect research, the total amount of conventional rice fertilization can be used as a reference for rice fertilization, wherein the nitrogen content needs to be reduced by reducing the amount of conventional urea, and the conventional urea is partially replaced by organic or slow-release nitrogen, and it is appropriate to use one-time fertilization or base tiller two-step fertilization process; after the breeding is completed, the rice planting platform is managed according to the requirements of conventional rice production; In the planting parameter or effect research, the rice is planted with shrimp fry at the tillering stage, and the water level of the rice planting platform is gradually increased; the feed is evenly applied on the slope between the shrimp ditch and the rice planting platform; according to the relationship between the body weight of the crayfish and the time, the harvesting process is completed in time according to the needs of the experimenters; In step (2-1), the second hard frame is placed in the second pit groove, and the second waterproof net cage is fixed in the second hard frame; the second pit groove is a square second pit groove, and the size of the square second pit groove is long*wide*deep=10-15m*5-8m*1-1.5m; the pipe material of the second hard frame includes but is not limited to galvanized pipe, stainless steel pipe and concrete column; according to the size of the length, width and height of the second pit groove, the size of the second hard frame and the top open type first waterproof net cage and its second hard frame are determined; the water suction part of the inlet and outlet circulating water pipe that penetrates into the net cage water layer needs to be equipped with a shrimp fry filtering device, and the maximum diameter of the pores of the device is less than 2 cm; In step (3-2), the high temperature standard is that the daily maximum temperature is above 35°C; the shading degree of the black mesh screen is 50-75%; the solute of the carbon-containing water solution includes one or more kinds of bicarbonate, and the carbon-containing concentration range is 0.5-5%, the spraying frequency is 5-7 times / day; the waterproof performance of the artificial light source reaches IPX4 level, the color temperature is between 3500-6500K, the light intensity in the submerged plant growth area is between 800-3000lx, the light wavelength includes two wave bands of 492-550nm and 600-760nm, and they are used in a ratio of 3:1-2:1; the light wavelength of the single-color light-transmitting sheet after filtering is 492-550nm, and the filtering period is 5-10 days; the chlormequat includes one or more kinds of naphthalene acetic acid and indole acetic acid, which are plant growth regulators.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, In step (1-1), the first pit groove is a square first pit groove, and the size is long*wide*deep=5-7m*3-5m*1-1.5m; a first hard frame is placed in the first pit groove, and a first waterproof net cage is fixed in the first hard frame; the material of the first hard frame includes but is not limited to galvanized pipe, stainless steel pipe and concrete column; according to the size of the length, width and height of the first pit groove, the size of the first hard frame and the top open type first waterproof net cage is determined; the one end of the quick plug-in and plug-out adjusting water pipe opening has a pore shape including but not limited to a circular shape and a strip shape, and the maximum pore diameter is less than 2 cm.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein, In step (1-2), after the soil backfilling is completed, the soil surface area of the rice planting platform accounts for ≥90%.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein, In step (3-1), the soil surface of the aquatic plant planting area and the submerged plants planted in the pots include but are not limited to one or more of Elodea nuttallii, Hydrilla verticillata, Potamogeton crispus, and Vallisneria denseseta; the pots are added with organic fertilizer or compost according to 10-20% of the soil volume; the submerged plants in the aquatic plant planting area and the test area need to be kept 20-30 cm below the water surface, otherwise they need to be topped; if the coverage of the submerged plants in the shrimp ditch is greater than 60%, partial removal needs to be taken; the shrimp fry is placed in the shallow water area, including the slope between the shrimp ditch and the rice planting platform, the field surface, or the top of the submerged plant head; the water layer replacement completion standard is that the dissolved oxygen in the water layer of 20 cm at the bottom of the test area is higher than 3 mg / L.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein, In step (3-3), in the breeding parameter or effect research, the total nitrogen supply ratio of organic state and slow-acting state is 30-50%, the base fertilizer is applied by generally deep or side deep fertilization, and the application depth is not less than 10 cm below the soil surface; the water level of the field surface is preferably not higher than the lowest leaf node of the rice, and the water level of the field surface is gradually increased to 20-40 cm; the soil surface layer of the rice planting platform after the crayfish is harvested needs to keep a 2 cm water layer, and when the soil water potential is lower than -15 kPa, water is irrigated in time. In the planting parameter or effect research, when the number of tillers of japonica rice reaches 8 or the number of tillers of indica rice reaches 5, and both need to be placed after 7 days of base fertilizer application; the density of the stored shrimp fry after placement is less than 4000 tails per mu, and the size of the shrimp fry is 8-15 g per tail, the relationship between the body weight (Y) of the crayfish and the crayfish breeding time (X) is described as Y= 46.97+ (-43.90) / (1 + exp((X-33.68) / 15.95)); if the breeding object is the parent shrimp required for the post-rice breeding of fry, the female to male ratio needs to be set to 2:1-10:1, and if the breeding object is a commercial adult crayfish, the female to male ratio needs to be set to 1:10-1:1.

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