Roller magnetic separation and crushing integrated device

Abstract

The present invention provides a roller-type magnetic separation and crushing integrated device, comprising a retaining frame, an active magnetic roller, a driven magnetic roller and a driving assembly, the active magnetic roller and the driven magnetic roller both having a gear structure and meshing transmission, a crushing gap for crushing material particles is provided between the active magnetic roller and the driven magnetic roller; the driven magnetic roller comprises a driven rotor and a plurality of fixed gear teeth, and the fixed gear teeth are fixed on the driven rotor; the active magnetic roller comprises an active rotor and a plurality of movable gear tooth assemblies, the movable gear tooth assemblies can be retracted radially inward along the rotor or reset after retraction to achieve the change of the crushing gap and meet the crushing requirements of material particles of different sizes, and the working end of the movable gear tooth assembly is further provided with a magnetic separation part for magnetic separation of material particles; the device can simultaneously realize the crushing and sorting of raw materials during screening and reuse, thereby improving the grade of effective magnetic materials in magnetic materials and effectively separating other components to achieve more efficient material processing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of material separation and crushing, and in particular to a double-roller magnetic separation and crushing integrated device. Background Art

[0002] Double-roll magnetic separation equipment has significant application prospects in a variety of fields, including mining, waste treatment, food production, and new energy technologies. It is primarily used to improve product quality, resource utilization, and environmental friendliness, while also contributing to technological innovation and the development of new materials. The primary operating principle of double-roll magnetic separation equipment is to separate magnetic particles based on their magnetic properties, meeting the needs of various fields.

[0003] In existing double-roller magnetic separation equipment, the internal magnetic rollers are often limited by the magnetism and particle size of the raw materials. When some particles in the material are large or the material has weak magnetic properties, the magnetic particles may not be effectively separated. Furthermore, the separation accuracy of traditional double-roller magnetic separation equipment is relatively limited, making it ineffective for processing both small and large raw materials. Small raw materials may fall directly through the gap between the two magnetic rollers, failing to achieve separation. Furthermore, the magnetic rollers in existing magnetic separation equipment have a small screening contact area, meaning that magnetic materials in the material can only come into contact with a limited surface area on the magnetic rollers. This limits the magnetic separation equipment's ability to adsorb or separate magnetic materials, requiring more time and resources to process the same amount of material. Impurities cannot be effectively separated or removed, ultimately leading to reduced separation efficiency and product quality.

[0004] Since most existing double-roll magnetic separation equipment only has a single magnetic separation function and cannot crush the raw materials inside the magnetic separation equipment, when the particle size or shape of some raw materials changes and cannot meet the magnetic separation requirements, it is necessary to use a crusher for crushing pre-treatment before the raw materials enter the traditional magnetic separation equipment to remove impurities or crush the raw materials into the appropriate particle size. This treatment method increases the complexity of the process, and the existing crushers are prone to wear during operation. At the same time, the extrusion and crushing force output by the crusher during crushing is a constant force output by the motor. When encountering hard materials during the crushing process, it is easy to get stuck. Therefore, the working parts of the crusher need to be frequently maintained and replaced, which will lead to equipment downtime and increase time and maintenance costs.

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the above-mentioned existing magnetic separation equipment, it is necessary to combine the functions of the double-roll magnetic separation equipment and the crusher and develop an integrated double-roll magnetic separation and crushing device to meet the two key process steps of crushing materials and magnetically separating materials on the same equipment, thereby improving production efficiency and obtaining high-quality products. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the integrated double-roller magnetic separation and crushing device provided by the present invention adopts a structural design that combines magnetorheological dampers and gear teeth in the magnetic rollers, which can simultaneously crush and sort the raw materials during the screening and reuse process, thereby improving the grade of effective magnetic materials in magnetic materials and effectively separating other components to achieve more efficient material processing.

[0007] The present invention can achieve the above problem through the following technical solutions:

[0008] A roller-type integrated magnetic separation and crushing device comprises a retaining frame rigidly connected to a machine body, an active magnetic roller disposed on the retaining frame and driven to rotate about its own central axis, a driven magnetic roller disposed on the retaining frame and cooperating with the active magnetic roller, and a drive assembly for driving the active magnetic roller to rotate, wherein the active magnetic roller and the driven magnetic roller both have a gear structure and mesh with each other for transmission, and a crushing gap is provided between the active magnetic roller and the driven magnetic roller for crushing material particles;

[0009] The driven magnetic roller includes a driven rotor and a plurality of fixed gear teeth distributed circumferentially on the outer circumferential surface of the driven rotor, and the fixed gear teeth are fixed on the driven rotor; the active magnetic roller includes an active rotor and a plurality of movable gear tooth assemblies distributed circumferentially on the outer circumferential surface of the active rotor, and the movable gear tooth assemblies can be retracted radially inward along the rotor or reset after retraction to achieve the change of the crushing gap and meet the crushing requirements of material particles of different sizes. The working end of the movable gear tooth assembly is also provided with a magnetic separation part for magnetically separating material particles.

[0010] Furthermore, the movable gear tooth assembly includes movable gear teeth and a magnetorheological damper arranged inside the movable gear teeth and connecting the movable gear teeth to the active rotor. The magnetorheological damper is used to output damping force when the movable gear teeth crush particles and retract inward. The damping force output by the magnetorheological damper is adjusted to change the extrusion force range output by the movable gear teeth during the crushing process.

[0011] Furthermore, the magnetorheological damper includes a cylinder with an axial single-side opening, an end cover connected to the cylinder opening, a piston slidably arranged in the cylinder, and a piston rod for driving the piston to reciprocate. A partition plate is axially arranged in the cylinder, and the cavity between the bottom of the cylinder and the end cover is divided into a liquid chamber and an air chamber in sequence by the partition plate. The liquid chamber is filled with magnetorheological material, and the air chamber is used to compensate for the pressure of the liquid chamber; the piston is arranged in the liquid chamber and an adjustment component is provided on the piston for changing the state of the magnetorheological material to generate a damping force. The connecting end of the piston rod is connected to the piston and the free end of the piston rod is connected to the active rotor after passing through the end cover axially.

[0012] Furthermore, the adjustment assembly includes a coil III provided on the axial end face of the piston facing the bottom of the cylinder and a coil II provided circumferentially on the outer peripheral surface of the piston. When the coil III is energized, it is used to change the state of the magnetorheological material between the piston and the bottom of the cylinder to generate a bottom damping force. When the coil II is energized, it is used to change the state of the magnetorheological material between the piston and the inner wall of the side of the cylinder to generate a side damping force. The piston is provided with a vibration isolation pad II between the coil II and the coil III. The vibration isolation pad II is used to isolate the working magnetic field generated by the coil II from the working magnetic field generated by the coil III.

[0013] A plurality of one-way flow limiting valves are distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction on the outer circumferential surface of the piston, and the one-way flow limiting valves are used to limit the flow rate of the magnetorheological material when the piston moves.

[0014] Furthermore, the air chamber is provided with a sealing cover at the contact end with the end cover for sealing the air chamber, the sealing cover is provided with an inflation valve, the partition plate is provided with an air release valve, a sealing ring is provided between the sealing cover and the inner wall of the cylinder, a sealing ring and a guide ring are provided between the sealing cover and the piston rod, a sealing ring is provided between the partition plate and the piston rod, and a sealing ring and a guide ring are provided between the partition plate and the inner wall of the cylinder.

[0015] Furthermore, the movable gear tooth assembly also includes an elastic member located between the end cover and the active rotor and sleeved on the piston rod. The active rotor is provided with a radial groove at the connection with the piston rod. One end of the elastic member abuts against the outside of the end cover and the other end abuts against the inside of the groove. The elastic member is used to provide rebound force for the resetting of the movable gear teeth and provide a certain resistance during the crushing process.

[0016] Furthermore, the magnetic separation part includes a coil I sleeved on the tooth top of the movable gear tooth and a permanent magnet arranged outside the coil I. When the coil I is energized, it cooperates with the permanent magnet to form a magnetic separation magnetic field on the tooth top of the movable gear tooth; the movable gear tooth is provided with a vibration isolation pad I between the magnetic separation part and the magnetorheological damper, and the vibration isolation pad I is used to isolate the working magnetic field generated by the magnetic separation part from the working magnetic field generated by the magnetorheological damper;

[0017] The tooth tops of the movable gear teeth and the fixed gear teeth are both provided with a surface wear-resistant material, and the surface wear-resistant material is used to improve the wear resistance of the movable gear teeth and the fixed gear teeth.

[0018] Furthermore, a rotating shaft I and a rotating shaft II are relatively arranged on the retaining frame, and the connecting end of the rotating shaft I and the retaining frame and the connecting end of the rotating shaft II and the retaining frame are both provided with connecting bearings. The active magnetic roller is coaxially arranged on the rotating shaft I and rotates synchronously with the rotating shaft I. The driven magnetic roller is coaxially arranged on the rotating shaft II and rotates around its own central axis through the rotating shaft II.

[0019] Furthermore, the driving assembly includes a motor for providing driving power to the active magnetic roller and a transmission mechanism for transmitting the driving power, and the transmission mechanism is arranged between the motor output shaft and the power input end of the rotating shaft I.

[0020] Furthermore, it also includes a cleaning component arranged on one side of the active magnetic roller and a sorting box arranged below the active magnetic roller. The cleaning component is used to clean the material particles remaining on the working end surface of the active gear assembly, and the sorting box is used to collect the material particles that fall after crushing and magnetic separation.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0022] (1) The integrated roller magnetic separation and crushing device provided by the present invention adopts a structural design combining magnetorheological dampers and gear teeth on the magnetic rollers, which can simultaneously realize the crushing and sorting of raw materials during the screening and reuse process, improve the grade of effective magnetic materials in magnetic materials, and effectively separate other components therein, so as to achieve more efficient material processing; the crushing and magnetic separation processes of the materials are carried out simultaneously, which helps to reduce the transfer and processing time of the materials between different equipment and improve the overall performance; at the same time, the integrated system is easier to integrate with the automatic control system, thereby improving the automation level of the production line, reducing manual intervention, reducing costs and providing more flexible material processing, which has significant advantages;

[0023] (2) In the integrated roller magnetic separation and crushing device provided by the present invention, a magnetorheological damper structure is added to the active magnetic roller. The damping force output by the damper is controlled by adjusting the current to expand the range of the extrusion force output during the crushing process. When the extrusion force exceeds the resistance of the damper, the gear teeth can retract inward to provide overload protection.

[0024] (3) In the integrated roller magnetic separation and crushing device provided by the present invention, the active magnetic roller and the driven magnetic roller are both designed to adopt a gear tooth structure. During operation, the contact area between the raw material and the magnetic roller is increased by the mutual engagement between the teeth, so that the magnetic roller can provide more adsorption or separation surface to ensure that the magnetic material can be effectively captured and separated during the magnetic separation or adsorption process.

[0025] (4) In the integrated roller magnetic separation and crushing device provided by the present invention, the wear resistance of the gear teeth is improved by adding surface wear-resistant materials to the tooth tops of the active magnetic roller and the driven magnetic roller; at the same time, coils and permanent magnets are provided on the tooth tops of the active magnetic roller. The combination of coils and permanent magnets can enhance the stability of the magnetic field of magnetic separation, and the size of the magnetic field is controlled by the size of the current flowing through the coil to achieve the separation of different raw materials. This adjustability enables the magnetic separator to adapt to different types of ores or raw materials and to be optimized at different processing stages; compared with traditional magnetic separation equipment that only uses coils, the combination of permanent magnets can improve the reliability of the system, reduce maintenance requirements, and help save energy and improve the energy efficiency of the entire system.

[0026] (5) In the integrated roller magnetic separation and crushing device provided by the present invention, the magnetorheological damper structure is added to the active magnetic roller to adjust the size of the damping force according to demand to adapt to different magnetic separation scenarios; at the same time, the magnetorheological damper can achieve precise damping force control. Within the output range of the damping force, the magnetorheological damper has the characteristic of adjustable energy consumption and can be switched between high and low damping states as needed to achieve effective adjustment of the damping of the magnetic roller according to different raw materials; during the crushing process, if the gear teeth are subjected to a large extrusion force, the movable gear teeth will retract, and the gap between the top of the piston and the inner wall of the cylinder will gradually change under the magnetic field, so that the magnetorheological material can provide a gradually increasing damping force.

[0027] (6) In the roller-type magnetic separation and crushing integrated device provided by the present invention, a one-way flow-limiting valve is provided in the gap between the piston and the cylinder. A lightweight ball is placed in the valve and can move along with the flow of the magnetorheological material. The one-way flow-limiting valve guides the movement of the cylinder and realizes asymmetric damping force during the retraction and reset of the movable gear teeth. The structural design of the flow-limiting one-way valve enables the movable gear teeth to provide a greater force to extrude and crush the raw materials during the retraction process. At the same time, the one-way flow-limiting valve is turned on during the reset process, ensuring that the magnetorheological material flows normally during the reset process to realize the reset of the movable gear teeth.

[0028] (7) In the integrated roller magnetic separation and crushing device provided by the present invention, a ball screw with gear teeth is provided on one side of the active magnetic roller, and the active magnetic roller is cleaned by the meshing between the gear teeth; the gear teeth can effectively scrape off impurities and particles attached to the surface of the magnetic roller to prevent their accumulation and affect the performance of the equipment, and the cleaning can ensure that the surface of the magnetic roller remains clean, increase the direct effect of the magnetic field on the surface of the material, improve the sorting effect, and enable the active magnetic roller after cleaning to more effectively adsorb and separate the target substance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0030] Figure 1This is a top view of the structure of the double-roll magnetic separation and crushing integrated device of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a front view of the structure of the double-roll magnetic separation and crushing integrated device of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the retainer in the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the driven magnetic roller assembly in the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the active magnetic roller assembly in the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of the magnetorheological damper in the active magnetic roller assembly of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Enlarged view of point B in the middle;

[0037] Figure 8 for Figure 6 AA cross-sectional view;

[0038] The figures are marked as follows: 1-motor, 2-coupling, 3-small pulley, 4-belt, 5-drive shaft I, 6-large pulley, 7-limit bearing, 8-active magnetic roller, 9-driven magnetic roller, 10-drive shaft II, 11-cage, 12-connecting bearing, 13-cleaning assembly, 14-movable gear teeth, 15-conical spring, 16-active rotor, 17-driven rotor, 18-magnetic isolation pad I, 19-surface wear-resistant material, 20-fixed gear teeth, 21-sorting box, 22-coil I, 23-magnetorheological fluid Damper, 24-permanent magnet, 25-piston rod, 26-end cover, 27-large sealing ring I, 28-small sealing ring, 29-small guide ring, 30-limiter, 31-large sealing ring II, 32-large guide ring, 33-one-way flow limiting valve, 34-lightweight ball, 35-coil II, 36-piston, 37-magnetic isolation pad II, 38-coil III, 39-screw, 40-valve seat, 41-cylinder, 42-magnetorheological material, 43-deflation valve, 44-inflation valve, 45-partition plate, 46-sealing cover. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] As shown in the figure, the roller-type magnetic separation and crushing integrated device provided by the present invention includes a retaining frame 11 rigidly connected to the body, an active magnetic roller 8 provided on the retaining frame 11 and driven to rotate around its own central axis, a driven magnetic roller 9 provided on the retaining frame 11 and drivingly cooperated with the active magnetic roller 8, and a driving assembly for driving the active magnetic roller 8 to rotate. The active magnetic roller 8 and the driven magnetic roller 9 both have a gear structure and meshing transmission. A crushing gap is provided between the active magnetic roller 8 and the driven magnetic roller 9 for crushing material particles.

[0040] The driven magnetic roller 9 includes a driven rotor 17 and a plurality of fixed gear teeth 20 distributed circumferentially on the outer circumferential surface of the driven rotor, and the fixed gear teeth 20 are fixed on the driven rotor 17; the active magnetic roller 8 includes an active rotor 16 and a plurality of movable gear tooth assemblies distributed circumferentially on the outer circumferential surface of the active rotor 16, and the movable gear tooth assembly can be retracted radially inward along the active rotor 16 or reset after retraction to achieve the change of the crushing gap and meet the crushing requirements of material particles of different sizes. The working end of the movable gear tooth assembly is also provided with a magnetic separation portion for magnetically separating material particles.

[0041] In this embodiment, the active magnetic roller 8 and the driven magnetic roller 9 are both designed as gear teeth structures, and a crushing gap for crushing the material is provided between the active magnetic roller 8 and the driven magnetic roller 9, and the crushing operation of the material is achieved by the mutual engagement between the crushing gap and the gear teeth; a plurality of movable gear tooth assemblies are distributed along the circumferential direction on the outer circumferential surface of the active rotor 16 on the active magnetic roller 8, and the movable gear tooth assemblies can adjust the internal damping according to different raw materials when the gear teeth are engaged with each other, thereby generating different damping, and when the extrusion force of the material particles exceeds the magnetic flux, the material particles are crushed. The movable gear assembly can only be retracted after the damping force generated by the variable damper 23 and the spring damping are added, thereby realizing the change of the crushing gap and satisfying the crushing of material particles of different sizes; at the same time, the working end of the movable gear assembly is also provided with a magnetic separation part for magnetically separating the material particles, so that the device can perform magnetic separation and crushing operations at the same time; since the magnetic roller of the traditional magnetic separation equipment is generally a circular roller, the magnetic separation area mainly depends on the diameter and length of the magnetic roller. During the magnetic separation process, the contact area between the magnetic roller and the raw material is the tangential direction of the magnetic roller, and increasing the magnetic roller The size will increase the volume and complexity of the equipment. By designing the active magnetic roller 8 and the driven magnetic roller 9 to adopt a gear tooth structure, the contact area between the material particles and the magnetic roller is increased by the mutual engagement of the teeth during operation, so that the active magnetic roller 8 can provide more adsorption or separation surfaces to ensure that the magnetic material can be effectively captured and separated during the magnetic separation or adsorption process; the device has the ability to process materials of mixed particle sizes, can effectively crush raw materials with larger particle sizes and adsorb smaller particles, and can simultaneously crush and sort material particles during screening and reuse, improve the grade of effective magnetic materials in magnetic materials, and effectively separate other components therein, so as to achieve more efficient material processing; since the crushing and magnetic separation processes of the material are carried out at the same time, this helps to reduce the transfer and processing time of the material between different equipment and improve the overall performance; at the same time, the integrated system is easier to integrate with the automation control system, thereby improving the automation level of the production line, reducing manual intervention, reducing costs and providing more flexible material processing.

[0042] In this embodiment, the movable gear tooth assembly includes a movable gear tooth 14 and a magnetorheological damper 23 disposed inside the movable gear tooth 14 and connecting the movable gear tooth 14 to the active rotor 16. The magnetorheological damper 23 is used for the movable gear tooth 14 to output a damping force during the process of crushing particles and retracting inward. The damping force output by the magnetorheological damper 23 is adjusted to change the extrusion force range output by the movable gear tooth 14 during the crushing process. Figure 5As shown, this technical solution utilizes a magnetorheological damper structure on the movable gear teeth 14. The magnetorheological damper 23 can adjust the damping force as needed and has a wide range of applications. This makes the magnetorheological damper 23 on the movable gear teeth 14 suitable for different magnetic separation scenarios. Because the magnetorheological damper 23 can achieve precise damping force control and has the characteristic of adjustable energy consumption within the damping force output range, it can switch between high and low damping states as needed to effectively adjust the damping of the movable gear teeth 14 on the active magnetic roller 8 according to different materials. During the crushing process, if the movable gear teeth 14 are subjected to a large extrusion force, the movable gear teeth 14 will retract, and the magnetorheological damper 23 can provide a gradually changing damping force for the movable gear teeth. By adjusting the current to control the damping force output by the magnetorheological damper 23, the range of extrusion force output during the crushing process is expanded. When the extrusion force exceeds the resistance of the damper, the movable gear teeth 14 can retract inward to provide overload protection.

[0043] In this embodiment, the magnetorheological damper 23 includes a cylinder 36 with an axial single-side opening, an end cover 26 connected to the cylinder opening, a piston 36 slidably arranged in the cylinder, and a piston rod 25 for driving the piston 36 to reciprocate. A partition plate 45 is axially arranged in the cylinder 36, and the cavity between the bottom of the cylinder and the end cover 26 is divided into a liquid chamber and an air chamber in sequence by the partition plate 45. The liquid chamber is filled with magnetorheological material 42, and the air chamber is used to compensate for the pressure of the liquid chamber; the piston 36 is arranged in the liquid chamber and an adjustment component for changing the state of the magnetorheological material to generate a damping force is provided on the piston 36. The connecting end of the piston rod 25 is connected to the piston 36 and the free end of the piston rod 25 passes through the end cover 26 axially and is connected to the active rotor 16; combined Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the outer side of the cylinder 41 is installed inside the movable gear 14 through a threaded connection, the end cover 26 is threadedly connected to the cylinder 41, the piston 36 is slidably arranged inside the cylinder 41, one end of the piston rod 25 is threadedly connected to the piston 36, and the free end of the piston rod 25 is threadedly connected to the active rotor 16 after passing through the end cover 26 in the axial direction; wherein the cylinder 41 divides the cavity between the bottom of the cylinder and the end cover 26 into a liquid chamber and an air chamber in sequence through a partition plate 45, the liquid chamber is filled with magnetorheological material 42 and the state of the magnetorheological material 42 is changed to achieve the effect of generating a damping force, and the air chamber is mainly used for pressure compensation of the liquid chamber; a limiter 30 is also provided at the mating end of the piston rod 25 and the end cover 26 in the air chamber, which is mainly used to limit the radial movement distance of the movable gear 14 so that it can only retract inward and cannot extend outward.

[0044] In this embodiment, the adjustment component includes a coil III 38 arranged on the axial end face of the piston facing the bottom of the cylinder and a coil II 35 arranged circumferentially on the outer peripheral surface of the piston. When the coil III 38 is energized, it is used to change the state of the magnetorheological material 42 between the piston 36 and the bottom of the cylinder to generate a bottom damping force. When the coil II 35 is energized, it is used to change the state of the magnetorheological material 42 between the piston 36 and the inner wall of the side of the cylinder 41 to generate a side damping force. The piston 36 is provided with a vibration isolation pad II 37 between the coil II 35 and the coil III 38. The vibration isolation pad II 37 is used to isolate the working magnetic field generated by the coil II 35 from the working magnetic field generated by the coil III 38. Figure 5 As shown, the adjustment component includes a coil III 38 and a coil II 35. When the coil II 35 is energized, it is used to generate a magnetic field between the piston 36 and the inner wall of the side of the cylinder 41 so that the state of the magnetorheological material 42 passing therethrough changes to generate a damping force. When the coil III 38 is energized, it is used to generate a magnetic field between the axial end face of the piston 36 and the bottom of the cylinder 41 so that the state of the magnetorheological material 42 passing therethrough changes to generate a damping force. In order to prevent the magnetic fields generated by the coil II 35 and the coil III 38 from affecting each other, a vibration isolation pad II 37 is provided between the coil II 35 and the coil III 38 to isolate the piston 36.

[0045] Several one-way flow-limiting valves 33 are circumferentially spaced apart on the outer circumferential surface of the piston 36. These one-way flow-limiting valves 33 are used to limit the flow rate of the magnetorheological material 42 during movement of the piston 36. The one-way flow-limiting valves 33 are disposed between the inner wall of the cylinder 41 and the outer circumference of the piston 36, primarily for one-way flow restriction and guiding the piston 36. The one-way flow-limiting valve 33 includes a valve seat 40 and a lightweight ball 34 disposed within the flow channel within the valve seat 40. The valve seat 40 is fixed to the piston 36 by screws 39, providing support for the one-way flow-limiting valve. The lightweight ball 34 can move under the influence of the magnetorheological material 42. When the movable gear teeth 14 are compressed, the lightweight ball 34 can block the flow channel within the valve seat 40, thereby limiting the flow. However, when the gear teeth are reset, the flow channel remains unobstructed. The simultaneous action of the magnetic field generated by the coil II 35 and the one-way flow-limiting valve 33 enables the magnetorheological damper 23 to generate an asymmetric damping force. Since traditional one-way valves are equipped with springs, long-term use and frequent spring compression and release may cause spring fatigue, ultimately affecting its performance and reducing the reliability and life of the valve; the one-way flow limiting valve 33 in this device has a lightweight ball 34 in the valve seat 40 that can move with the flow of the magnetorheological material 23; the one-way flow limiting valve 33 guides the movement of the piston 36 in the cylinder 41 and realizes asymmetric damping force during the retraction and reset of the movable gear teeth 14; through the structural design of the one-way flow limiting valve 33, the movable gear teeth 14 can provide greater force to extrude and crush the raw materials during the retraction process, and the one-way flow limiting valve 33 is turned on during the reset process, ensuring that the magnetorheological material 23 flows normally during the reset process to realize the reset of the movable gear teeth 14.

[0046] In this embodiment, the air chamber is provided with a sealing cover 46 at the contact end with the end cover 26 for sealing the air chamber, the sealing cover 46 is provided with an inflation valve 44, the partition plate 45 is provided with an air release valve 43, a sealing ring is provided between the sealing cover 46 and the inner wall of the cylinder 36, a sealing ring and a guide ring are provided between the sealing cover 46 and the piston rod 25, a sealing ring is provided between the partition plate 45 and the piston rod 25, and a sealing ring and a guide ring are provided between the partition plate 45 and the inner wall of the cylinder 36; Figure 5As shown, the air chamber is composed of a sealing cover 46, a partition plate 45 and the inner wall of the cylinder. The sealing cover 46 is provided with an inflation valve 44 for inflating and pressurizing the air chamber, and the partition plate 45 is provided with an air release valve 43; a large sealing ring 27 is provided between the sealing cover 46 and the inner wall of the cylinder 36 to achieve sealing of the air chamber; a small sealing ring 28 and a small guide ring 29 are provided between the sealing cover 46 and the piston rod 25 to guide the piston rod and seal the air chamber; a small sealing ring 28 is provided between the partition plate 45 and the piston rod 25 to achieve separation and sealing between the air chamber and the liquid chamber; a large sealing ring 27 and a large guide ring 32 are provided between the partition plate 45 and the inner wall of the cylinder 36 to achieve separation and sealing between the air chamber and the liquid chamber while also achieving movement and guidance of the partition plate 45 in the cylinder.

[0047] In this embodiment, the movable gear assembly further includes an elastic member located between the end cover 26 and the active rotor 16 and sleeved on the piston rod 25. The active rotor 16 is provided with a radial groove at the connection with the piston rod 25. One end of the elastic member abuts against the outside of the end cover 26 and the other end abuts against the inside of the groove. The elastic member is used to provide a rebound force for the reset of the movable gear 14. Figure 5 As shown, an elastic member is provided between the end cover 26 and the active rotor 16 , wherein the elastic member is a conical spring 15 , which provides a damping force when the movable gear teeth 14 retract inwardly and can provide a spring force to reset the movable gear teeth 14 when the gear teeth reset.

[0048] In this embodiment, the magnetic separation part includes a coil I 22 sleeved on the top of the active gear tooth and a permanent magnet 24 arranged on the outside of the coil I 22. After the coil I 22 is energized, it cooperates with the permanent magnet 24 to form a magnetic separation magnetic field at the top of the active gear tooth 14; the active gear tooth 14 is provided with a vibration isolation pad I 18 between the magnetic separation part and the magnetorheological damper 23. The vibration isolation pad I 18 is used to isolate the working magnetic field generated by the magnetic separation part from the working magnetic field generated by the magnetorheological damper 23. ; The magnetic separation part is arranged at the tooth top of the movable gear tooth 14, and the magnetic separation part includes a coil I 22 and a permanent magnet 24 arranged on the outside of the coil I 22. After the coil I 22 is energized, the magnetic separation magnetic field is emitted from the coil I 22, passes through the tooth top of the movable gear tooth, the gear tooth gap, the tooth top of the fixed gear tooth, the gear tooth gap and finally returns to the coil I 22 to form a complete magnetic circuit; an isolation pad I 18 is provided between the magnetic separation part of the movable gear tooth 14 and the magnetorheological damper 23 to prevent the magnetic field generated by the coil at the gear tooth top from colliding with the magnetic field. The magnetic fields generated by the coils inside the rheological damper interfere with each other; existing magnetic rollers are usually limited by the magnetism and particle size of the raw materials. When some raw materials with larger particle size and weaker magnetism are used, they may not be effectively separated, while the device in this technical solution can sort raw materials of different particle sizes; coil I 22 and permanent magnet 24 are set at the tooth top of the gear tooth, and the size of the magnetic separation magnetic field is controlled by the size of the current flowing through coil I 22 to achieve the sorting of different raw materials, and the combination of coil I 22 and permanent magnet 24 can enhance the stability of the magnetic field; permanent magnet 24 provides a constant magnetic field, while coil I 22 can be used to adjust the magnetic field. This adjustability enables the device to adapt to different types of ores or raw materials and be optimized at different processing stages. Compared with traditional magnetic separation equipment that only uses coils, the combination of permanent magnets can improve the reliability of the system and reduce maintenance requirements; at the same time, this design helps to save energy because the permanent magnet itself does not require an external power supply to maintain its magnetic field, which helps to improve the energy efficiency of the entire system.

[0049] The tooth tops of the movable gear teeth 14 and the fixed gear teeth 20 are both provided with a surface wear-resistant material 19, and the surface wear-resistant material 19 is used to improve the wear resistance of the movable gear teeth and the fixed gear teeth; the tooth top surfaces of the movable gear teeth and the fixed gear teeth are respectively welded with wear-resistant materials and patterns are added to increase the wear resistance of the gear tooth surface.

[0050] In this embodiment, the rotating shaft I5 and the rotating shaft II10 are relatively arranged on the retaining frame 11, and the connecting end of the rotating shaft I5 and the retaining frame 11 and the connecting end of the rotating shaft II10 and the retaining frame are both provided with a connecting bearing 12. The active magnetic roller 8 is coaxially arranged on the rotating shaft I5 and rotates synchronously with the rotating shaft I5. The driven magnetic roller 9 is coaxially arranged on the rotating shaft II10 and rotates around its own central axis through the rotating shaft II10; Figure 1 and Figure 3As shown, the retaining frame 11 is respectively provided with a rotating shaft I5 and a rotating shaft II10 passing through the central axis of the active magnetic roller 8 and the driven magnetic roller 9. The rotating shaft I5 and the rotating shaft II10 are relatively arranged to limit the radial movement of the active magnetic roller 8 and the driven magnetic roller 9, and play a supporting and positioning role, ensuring that the movable gear teeth 14 of the active magnetic roller 8 can move but the relative positions of the two magnetic roller axes remain unchanged; wherein the rotating shaft I5 and the active rotor 16 and the rotating shaft II10 and the driven rotor 17 can be connected by a spline connection or a connecting key to ensure synchronous rotation between the rotating shaft I5 and the active rotor 16 and synchronous rotation between the rotating shaft II10 and the driven rotor 17. The spline connection refers to the connection section between the rotating shaft I5 and the active rotor 16 and the rotating shaft II10 and the driven rotor 17. An external spline is provided, and an internal spline is provided on the inner ring of the active rotor 16 and the driven rotor 17 for connection. The connecting key connection refers to a groove being opened at the end portion on the same side where the rotating shaft I5 is connected to the active rotor 16, and a connecting key is installed in the groove and the synchronous rotation between the rotating shaft I5 and the active rotor 16 is achieved through the connecting key. The key connection between the rotating shaft II10 and the driven rotor 17 is consistent with the key connection between the rotating shaft I5 and the active rotor 16; the rotating shaft I5 and the rotating shaft II10 are both provided with a connecting bearing 12 in the connection section with the retaining frame 11, and the rotation around their own axis on the retaining frame 11 is achieved through the connecting bearing 12. A limit bearing 7 for limiting the axial movement of the rotating shaft I5 and the rotating shaft II10 is also provided on the axial front and rear sides of the rotating shaft I5 and the rotating shaft II10 where the active magnetic roller 8 and the driven magnetic roller 9 are installed.

[0051] In this embodiment, the driving assembly includes a motor 1 for providing driving power to the active magnetic roller and a transmission mechanism for transmitting the driving power, wherein the transmission mechanism is arranged between the output shaft of the motor 1 and the power input end of the rotating shaft I5; Figure 1 As shown, the motor 1 provides driving power and is connected to the small pulley 3 through the coupling 2, and the small pulley 3 drives the large pulley 6 to rotate through the belt transmission 4. Since the large pulley 6 and the active magnetic roller 8 are coaxially arranged, the rotation of the large pulley 6 will cause the active magnetic roller 8 to rotate together through the transmission shaft I5, thereby realizing the driven rotation of the active magnetic roller 8.

[0052] In this embodiment, it also includes a cleaning component 13 arranged on one side of the active magnetic roller 8 and a sorting box 21 arranged below the active magnetic roller 8, the cleaning component 13 is used to clean the material particles remaining on the working end surface of the active gear component, and the sorting box 21 is used to collect the material particles falling after crushing and magnetic separation; wherein the cleaning component 13 is a ball screw structure with gear teeth, and the magnetic roller of the traditional magnetic separation equipment generally uses a brush, air flow or water washing to remove impurities and unsorted raw materials on the surface of the magnetic separation equipment for cleaning. The cleaning method may not be able to completely remove the raw materials on the surface of the equipment, especially in the magnetic separation equipment, the fine magnetic particles may be difficult to completely remove, affecting The performance of the equipment is affected; and the device is provided with a ball screw with gear teeth on one side of the active magnetic roller 8, and the active magnetic roller 8 is cleaned by the meshing between the gear teeth; the gear teeth can effectively scrape off the impurities and particles attached to the surface of the active magnetic roller 8 to prevent their accumulation from affecting the performance of the equipment; at the same time, cleaning can ensure that the surface of the magnetic roller remains clean, increase the direct effect of the magnetic field on the surface of the material, improve the sorting effect, and enable the active magnetic roller 8 to more effectively adsorb and separate the target substance; a sorting box 21 is provided under the active magnetic roller 8, and different particles in the material will fall into different sorting boxes 21 under the action of centrifugal force after being sorted, so as to realize the collection of material particles of different sizes.

[0053] In this technical solution, the working principle of the device is:

[0054] In the initial state: the driven magnetic roller 9 is meshed with the gear teeth of the active magnetic roller 8, one side of the movable gear teeth 14 is meshed with the gear teeth on the cleaning assembly 13, and the motor 1 and all the coils in the device are not energized, and the driven magnetic roller 9 and the fixed magnetic roller 8 remain stationary.

[0055] During operation, motor 1 is energized, and the active magnetic roller 8 begins to rotate. The teeth of the driven magnetic roller 9 mesh with those of the active magnetic roller 8, driving the driven magnetic roller 9 to rotate in the opposite direction. Appropriate currents are supplied to each coil based on the characteristics of the raw material, ensuring that the magnetic field strength in the magnetic separation section and the damping force generated by the magnetorheological damper 23 are within the appropriate range. The material enters from above the two magnetic rollers and first passes through the teeth between them. Coil I 22 is located at the top of the active gear teeth 14. The magnetic field generated by coil I 22 passes through the active gear tooth tips, the gap between the tips, the fixed gear tooth tips, and finally returns to the active gear tooth tips, forming a complete closed magnetic circuit. Coil II 35 and coil III 38 are located on the axial end face and outer circumference of piston 36, respectively. The magnetic fields generated by coils II 35 and III 38 pass through the piston surface, the magnetorheological material, the inner wall of the cylinder, the magnetorheological material, and finally return to the piston, forming a closed magnetic circuit. Under the influence of the magnetic field, the magnetorheological material changes from a liquid to a quasi-solid state, and the magnetorheological damper generates a damping force. When material passes through the tooth tip clearance, magnetic particles within the material are attracted to the surface of the active gear teeth 14 by the magnetic separation field. When larger particles pass through the tooth tip clearance, the extrusion between the two gear teeth crushes the larger particles and simultaneously magnetically separates them. If the material contains some hard particles, the extrusion force of the gear teeth increases, causing the active gear teeth 14 to retract inward along the piston 36. This retraction gradually reduces the gap between the inner wall of the cylinder 41 and the axial end face of the piston 36, allowing the magnetorheological material 42 to generate a greater force under the same magnetic field. As the magnetorheological material 42 flows, it pushes the lightweight ball 34 in the one-way flow control valve 33 against the valve body, forcing the magnetorheological material 42 to flow only through the gap between the side of the piston 26 and the inner wall of the cylinder 41. This increases the resistance to the magnetorheological material's flow and, at the same time, compresses the conical spring 15 at the bottom of the active gear teeth 14, generating a certain amount of resistance. Therefore, as the active gear teeth 14 retract, the extrusion force between the teeth gradually increases, further facilitating material crushing. The crushed material is then attracted to the surface of the movable gear teeth 14 by the magnetic field. As the active magnetic roller 8 rotates, the elastic force of the conical spring 15 resets the gear teeth 14. Simultaneously, the magnetorheological material 42 pushes the lightweight ball 34. The one-way flow control valve 33 opens, allowing the magnetorheological material 42 to flow normally within the valve and between the cylinder 41 and piston 36. As the movable gear teeth 14 gradually reset until they contact the stopper 30, they return to their initial position.

[0056] Particles adsorbed on the tips of the movable gear teeth 14 are subjected to centrifugal force. Due to the magnetic differences among the particles in the material, the magnetic particles fall into different sorting boxes 21 under the action of centrifugal force. After the sorting is completed, some particles may be adsorbed on the surface of the movable gear teeth 14. The cleaning component is used to clean the movable gear teeth to ensure that the surface of the movable gear teeth 14 can fully contact the material and maintain the stability of the magnetic field before entering the next sorting process.

[0057] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limiting. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A roller-type magnetic separation and crushing integrated device, characterized by: The invention comprises a retaining frame rigidly connected to the machine body, an active magnetic roller arranged on the retaining frame and driven to rotate around its own central axis, a driven magnetic roller arranged on the retaining frame and cooperating with the active magnetic roller, and a driving assembly for driving the active magnetic roller to rotate, wherein the active magnetic roller and the driven magnetic roller both have a gear structure and mesh with each other for transmission, and a crushing gap is provided between the active magnetic roller and the driven magnetic roller for crushing material particles; The driven magnetic roller includes a driven rotor and a plurality of fixed gear teeth distributed circumferentially on the outer circumferential surface of the driven rotor, and the fixed gear teeth are fixed to the driven rotor; the active magnetic roller includes an active rotor and a plurality of movable gear tooth assemblies distributed circumferentially on the outer circumferential surface of the active rotor, and the movable gear tooth assemblies can be retracted radially inward along the rotor or reset after retraction to achieve the change of the crushing gap and meet the crushing requirements of material particles of different sizes. The working end of the movable gear tooth assembly is also provided with a magnetic separation portion for magnetically separating the material particles; The movable gear tooth assembly includes movable gear teeth and a magnetorheological damper disposed inside the movable gear teeth and connecting the movable gear teeth to the active rotor. The magnetorheological damper is used to output a damping force when the movable gear teeth crush particles and retract inward. The damping force output by the magnetorheological damper is adjusted to change the range of the extrusion force output by the movable gear teeth during the crushing process. The magnetorheological damper comprises a cylinder with an axial opening on one side, an end cover connected to the cylinder opening, a piston slidably arranged in the cylinder, and a piston rod for driving the piston to reciprocate. A partition plate is axially arranged in the cylinder, and the cavity between the bottom of the cylinder and the end cover is sequentially divided into a liquid chamber and an air chamber by the partition plate. The liquid chamber is filled with magnetorheological material, and the air chamber is used to compensate for the pressure of the liquid chamber. The piston is arranged in the liquid chamber and is provided with an adjustment component for changing the state of the magnetorheological material to generate a damping force. The connecting end of the piston rod is connected to the piston, and the free end of the piston rod axially passes through the end cover and is connected to the active rotor. The adjustment assembly includes a coil III provided on the axial end face of the piston facing the bottom of the cylinder and a coil II provided circumferentially on the outer peripheral surface of the piston. When the coil III is energized, it is used to change the state of the magnetorheological material between the piston and the bottom of the cylinder to generate a bottom damping force. When the coil II is energized, it is used to change the state of the magnetorheological material between the piston and the inner wall of the side of the cylinder to generate a side damping force. The piston is provided with a vibration isolation pad II between the coils II and III. The vibration isolation pad II is used to isolate the working magnetic field generated by the coil II from the working magnetic field generated by the coil III. A plurality of one-way flow limiting valves are distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction on the outer circumferential surface of the piston, and the one-way flow limiting valves are used to limit the flow rate of the magnetorheological material when the piston moves.

2. The roller-type magnetic separation and crushing integrated device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air chamber is provided with a sealing cover at the contact end with the end cover for sealing the air chamber, the sealing cover is provided with an inflation valve, the partition plate is provided with an air release valve, a sealing ring is provided between the sealing cover and the inner wall of the cylinder, a sealing ring and a guide ring are provided between the sealing cover and the piston rod, a sealing ring is provided between the partition plate and the piston rod, and a sealing ring and a guide ring are provided between the partition plate and the inner wall of the cylinder.

3. The integrated roller magnetic separation and crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The movable gear tooth assembly also includes an elastic member located between the end cover and the active rotor and sleeved on the piston rod. The active rotor is provided with a radial groove at the connection between the active rotor and the piston rod. One end of the elastic member abuts against the outside of the end cover and the other end abuts against the inside of the groove. The elastic member is used to provide a rebound force for the resetting of the movable gear teeth and provide a certain resistance during the crushing process.

4. The integrated roller magnetic separation and crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The magnetic separation part includes a coil I sleeved on the tooth top of the movable gear tooth and a permanent magnet arranged outside the coil I. When the coil I is energized, it cooperates with the permanent magnet to form a magnetic separation magnetic field on the tooth top of the movable gear tooth; the movable gear tooth is provided with a vibration isolation pad I between the magnetic separation part and the magnetorheological damper, and the vibration isolation pad I is used to isolate the working magnetic field generated by the magnetic separation part from the working magnetic field generated by the magnetorheological damper; The tooth tops of the movable gear teeth and the fixed gear teeth are both provided with a surface wear-resistant material, and the surface wear-resistant material is used to improve the wear resistance of the movable gear teeth and the fixed gear teeth.

5. The integrated roller magnetic separation and crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The retaining frame is provided with a rotating shaft I and a rotating shaft II relative to each other, and the connecting end of the rotating shaft I and the retaining frame and the connecting end of the rotating shaft II and the retaining frame are both provided with connecting bearings. The active magnetic roller is coaxially arranged on the rotating shaft I and rotates synchronously with the rotating shaft I. The driven magnetic roller is coaxially arranged on the rotating shaft II and rotates around its own central axis through the rotating shaft II.

6. The integrated roller magnetic separation and crushing device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The driving assembly includes a motor for providing driving power to the active magnetic roller and a transmission mechanism for transmitting the driving power. The transmission mechanism is arranged between the output shaft of the motor and the power input end of the rotating shaft I.

7. The integrated roller magnetic separation and crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a cleaning component arranged on one side of the active magnetic roller and a sorting box arranged below the active magnetic roller. The cleaning component is used to clean the material particles remaining on the working end surface of the active gear tooth component, and the sorting box is used to collect the material particles that fall after crushing and magnetic separation.

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