A charge and discharge management method

Abstract

The present application provides a charge and discharge management method. By implementing the charge and discharge management method provided by the embodiments of the present application, an electronic device can set the lower limit voltage of the battery higher than the theoretical lower limit voltage, and continuously increase the lower limit voltage as the battery cycles progress, so as to minimize the charge / discharge volume change rate of the silicon anode and extend the battery life.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of terminals, and particularly to a charge and discharge management method. Background Art

[0002] Based on the requirements of people for the thinness, lightness, and long battery life of electronic devices such as mobile phones / laptops, and the requirements for the long battery life of electric vehicles, the mass energy density and volume energy density of lithium-ion batteries are getting higher and higher. Improving the specific capacity of the positive and negative electrode materials is an important measure to improve the battery life. At present, the specific capacity of graphite materials has approached the theoretical limit (372 mAh / g), while the specific capacity of silicon (Si) is much higher than that of graphite (the theoretical limit is 4200 mAh / g). Moreover, silicon has many advantages such as a moderate lithium deintercalation / insertion potential, rich reserves, low price, environmental friendliness, non-toxicity, and mature preparation process. At present, it is considered an ideal material to replace graphite as the active material of the battery negative electrode.

[0003] However, silicon has a huge volume effect. During the repeated lithium deintercalation / insertion process, the volume change rate caused by expansion / contraction is as high as 400%. This causes problems such as particle pulverization, electrode film peeling, and repeated damage / repair of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) during the charge / discharge process, continuously consuming active lithium ions and forming a by-product layer on the surface, thus directly leading to a large cycle capacity attenuation rate and thickness expansion rate of the silicon negative electrode battery. Therefore, its cycle life is not ideal and it is difficult to meet the usage requirements of electronic devices. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In a first aspect, the present application provides a charge and discharge management method. The method is applied to an electronic device, and the electronic device includes a battery. The method includes: at a first moment, setting the lower limit voltage of the battery to a first value; when the voltage of the battery reaches the first value, the battery stops discharging; at a second moment, setting the lower limit voltage of the battery to a second value; the second moment is after the first moment, and the second value is higher than the first value; when the voltage of the battery reaches the second value, the battery stops discharging.

[0005] By implementing the method provided in the first aspect, the electronic device can gradually increase the lower limit voltage of the battery, thereby suppressing the volume change rate of the battery, reducing the battery loss rate, and extending the battery life.

[0006] By implementing the method provided in the first aspect, in some embodiments, the first moment corresponds to the first battery cycle of the battery, the second moment corresponds to the second battery cycle of the battery, and the first battery cycle and the second battery cycle are different cycles.

[0007] By implementing the method provided in the above embodiments, the electronic device can increase the lower limit voltage of the battery in units of the number of battery cycles.

[0008] Implementing the method provided in the first aspect, in some embodiments, the second battery cycle is the next cycle after the first battery cycle.

[0009] Implementing the method provided in the above embodiments, the battery device can increase the lower limit voltage of the battery once each time a battery cycle starts. In this way, the electronic device can more flexibly adjust the lower limit voltage of the battery, reduce the attenuation rate of the battery capacity, and extend the battery life.

[0010] Implementing the method provided in the first aspect, in some embodiments, the second battery cycle is separated from the first battery cycle by a first number of battery cycles.

[0011] Referring to the embodiments shown in Table 1, the electronic device can increase the lower limit voltage once every 200 battery cycles completed. In this way, the electronic device can increase the lower limit voltage as the cycles progress, reduce the attenuation rate of the battery capacity, and extend the battery life, while also avoiding frequent increase operations, which is beneficial for energy conservation and extending the usage time corresponding to one battery cycle.

[0012] Implementing the method provided in the first aspect, in some embodiments, the voltage difference between the second value and the first value corresponds to a first ratio of the battery capacity.

[0013] Implementing the method provided in the above embodiments, when increasing the lower limit voltage each time, the electronic device can determine the increase amount of the lower limit voltage according to the voltage difference corresponding to a fixed battery capacity loss.

[0014] Implementing the method provided in the first aspect, in some embodiments, within the first battery cycle, the capacity retention rate of the battery is the third value; within the second battery cycle, the capacity retention rate of the battery is the fourth value; the capacity retention rate is the ratio of the current total charge of the battery to the initial total charge of the battery; the third value and the fourth value are not equal.

[0015] Implementing the method provided in the above embodiments, the electronic device can determine whether to increase the lower limit voltage of the battery according to the current capacity retention rate of the battery. Referring to the embodiments shown in Table 6, when the capacity retention rate of the battery drops from 95% to 94%, the electronic device can determine to increase the lower limit voltage. In this way, the electronic device can more flexibly adjust the lower limit voltage of the battery according to the current capacity retention rate of the battery.

[0016] Implementing the method provided in the first aspect, in some embodiments, the battery is preset with a first voltage value, and the first voltage value is the minimum value of the lower limit voltage of the battery; the first value is greater than or equal to the first voltage value.

[0017] Implementing the method provided in the above embodiments, when starting to use the battery, the electronic device can set the lower limit voltage higher than the minimum value of the theoretical lower limit voltage, so as to avoid full discharge at the beginning, reduce the volume change rate of the battery, and delay the battery loss rate.

[0018] Implementing the method provided in the first aspect, in some embodiments, the battery is preset with a second voltage value, where the second voltage value is the maximum value of the lower limit voltage of the battery; the second value is less than or equal to the second voltage value.

[0019] Implementing the method provided in the above embodiments, when the lower limit voltage is adjusted upward, the electronic device will not over-adjust. When the lower limit voltage reaches the first voltage value, the electronic device will no longer adjust the lower limit voltage upward. In this way, the battery will not have problems such as too low actual available capacity and short battery life due to the upward adjustment of the lower limit voltage, which is beneficial to improving the user experience.

[0020] Implementing the method provided in the first aspect, in some embodiments, the negative electrode material of the battery includes one or more of the following categories: carbon, silicon, tin, germanium. Implementing the method provided in the above embodiments, when the negative electrode material of the battery includes any one or more components of carbon, silicon, tin, and germanium, the electronic device can significantly inhibit the volume change rate of the battery, thereby delaying the battery loss rate and improving the battery cycle life.

[0021] In a second aspect, the present application provides a charge and discharge management method, which is applied to an electronic device. The electronic device includes a battery. The method includes: at a third moment, setting the lower limit voltage of the battery to a fifth value; when the voltage of the battery reaches the fifth value, the battery stops discharging; at a fourth moment, setting the lower limit voltage of the battery to a sixth value; the fourth moment is after the third moment, and the sixth value is lower than the fifth value; when the voltage of the battery reaches the sixth value, the battery stops discharging.

[0022] Implementing the method provided in the second aspect, the electronic device can gradually lower the lower limit voltage of the battery so that when the battery capacity decays, the battery can maintain the initial discharge amount during a single discharge process, thereby reducing the user's perception of battery capacity decay and improving the user experience.

[0023] Implementing the method provided in the second aspect, in some embodiments, the third moment corresponds to the third battery cycle of the battery, the fourth moment corresponds to the fourth battery cycle of the battery, and the third battery cycle and the fourth battery cycle are different cycles.

[0024] Implementing the method provided in the above embodiments, the electronic device can lower the lower limit voltage of the battery in units of the number of battery cycles.

[0025] Implementing the method provided in the second aspect, in some embodiments, the fourth battery cycle is the next cycle of the third battery cycle.

[0026] Implementing the method provided by the above embodiments, the battery device can lower the lower limit voltage of the battery once for each start of a battery cycle. In this way, the electronic device can more flexibly adjust the lower limit voltage of the battery, reduce the attenuation rate of the battery capacity, and extend the battery life.

[0027] Implementing the method provided by the second aspect, in some embodiments, the fourth battery cycle is separated from the third battery cycle by a first number of battery cycles.

[0028] Referring to the embodiments shown in Table 8, the electronic device can lower the lower limit voltage once after every 200 battery cycles are completed. In this way, the electronic device can lower the lower limit voltage as the cycles progress, reduce the attenuation rate of the battery capacity, and extend the battery life, while also avoiding frequent lowering actions, which is beneficial for energy conservation and extending the usage time corresponding to one battery cycle.

[0029] Implementing the method provided by the second aspect, in some embodiments, the voltage difference between the sixth value and the fifth value corresponds to a first ratio of the battery capacity.

[0030] Implementing the method provided by the above embodiments, when lowering the lower limit voltage each time, the electronic device can determine the amount of decrease in the lower limit voltage according to the voltage difference corresponding to a fixed battery capacity loss.

[0031] Implementing the method provided by the second aspect, in some embodiments, within the third battery cycle, the capacity retention rate of the battery is the seventh value; within the fourth battery cycle, the capacity retention rate of the battery is the eighth value; the capacity retention rate is the ratio of the current total charge of the battery to the initial total charge of the battery; the seventh value and the eighth value are not equal.

[0032] Implementing the method provided by the above embodiments, the electronic device can determine whether to lower the lower limit voltage of the battery according to the current capacity retention rate of the battery. For example, when the capacity retention rate of the battery drops from 95% to 94%, the electronic device can determine to lower the lower limit voltage. In this way, the electronic device can more flexibly adjust the lower limit voltage of the battery according to the current capacity retention rate of the battery.

[0033] Implementing the method provided by the second aspect, in some embodiments, the battery is preset with a first voltage value, and the first voltage value is the minimum value of the lower limit voltage of the battery; the sixth value is greater than or equal to the first voltage value.

[0034] When lowering the lower limit voltage, the electronic device will not lower it excessively. When the lower limit voltage reaches the first voltage value, the electronic device will no longer lower the lower limit voltage to avoid affecting the normal operation of the battery.

[0035] Implementing the method provided by the second aspect, in some embodiments, the battery is preset with a second voltage value, and the second voltage value is the maximum value of the lower limit voltage of the battery; the fifth value is less than or equal to the second voltage value.

[0036] When implementing the method provided in the above embodiment, the electronic device will not set the lower limit voltage of the battery too high, thus avoiding severely depressing the capacity of the battery at the beginning, reducing the battery life within a battery cycle, and affecting the user experience.

[0037] When implementing the method provided in the second aspect, in some embodiments, the negative electrode material of the battery includes one or more of the following categories: carbon, silicon, tin, germanium. When implementing the method provided in the above embodiment, when the negative electrode material of the battery includes any one or more of carbon, silicon, tin, and germanium, the electronic device can significantly inhibit the volume change rate of the battery, thereby delaying the battery loss rate and improving the battery cycle life.

[0038] In a third aspect, the present application provides an electronic device, which includes one or more processors and one or more memories; wherein, the one or more memories are coupled to the one or more processors, and the one or more memories are used to store computer program code, and the computer program code includes computer instructions. When the one or more processors execute the computer instructions, the electronic device is caused to execute the method described in the first aspect and any possible implementation manner in the first aspect, or execute the method described in the second aspect and any possible implementation manner in the second aspect.

[0039] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a chip system, which is applied to an electronic device. The chip system includes one or more processors, and the processor is used to call computer instructions to cause the electronic device to execute the method described in the first aspect and any possible implementation manner in the first aspect, or execute the method described in the second aspect and any possible implementation manner in the second aspect.

[0040] In a fifth aspect, the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, including instructions. When the above instructions run on an electronic device, the above electronic device is caused to execute the method described in the first aspect and any possible implementation manner in the first aspect, or execute the method described in the second aspect and any possible implementation manner in the second aspect.

[0041] In a sixth aspect, the present application provides a computer program product containing instructions. When the above computer program product runs on an electronic device, the above electronic device is caused to execute the method described in the first aspect and any possible implementation manner in the first aspect, or execute the method described in the second aspect and any possible implementation manner in the second aspect.

[0042] Understandably, the electronic device provided in the above third aspect, the chip system provided in the fourth aspect, the computer storage medium provided in the fifth aspect, and the computer program product provided in the sixth aspect are all used to execute the method provided in this application. Therefore, the beneficial effects they can achieve can refer to the beneficial effects in the corresponding method, which will not be elaborated here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the state of charge and the thickness of a silicon anode battery provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0044] Figure 2 is a flowchart of a charge-discharge management method for extending the battery life provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0045] Figures 3A - 3B is a schematic diagram showing the effect of extending the battery life provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0046] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram showing the effect of extending the battery life corresponding to another charge-discharge management method provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0047] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device 10 provided by an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0048] The terms used in the following embodiments of the present application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the present application.

[0049] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the state of charge and the thickness of a silicon anode battery (graphite-doped silicon anode battery) provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0050] As Figure 1 shown, the abscissa is the state of charge (SOC) of the silicon anode battery. SOC = 0 means the battery has no charge. SOC = 100% means the battery is fully charged. The process from SOC = 0 to SOC = 100% is the charging process; the process from SOC = 100% to SOC = 0 is the discharging process.

[0051] The ordinate is the thickness of the silicon anode battery. When SOC = 0, the thickness of the silicon anode battery is denoted as T L . T L ≠0. When SOC = A% (A% is a state of charge slightly higher than 0), the thickness of the battery is denoted as T A . When SOC = 1 - A% (1 - A% is a state of charge slightly lower than 100%), the thickness of the battery is denoted as T B . When SOC = 100%, the thickness of the battery is denoted as TU .

[0052] During the charging process, the thickness of the battery increases with the increase in the state of charge (SOC), i.e., it expands. Correspondingly, during the discharging process, the thickness of the battery decreases with the decrease in the SOC, i.e., it contracts. Most of the thickness change during the charge-discharge process of the battery comes from the thickness change of the negative electrode plate. Thus, during the repeated lithium insertion / extraction process, the volume change rate caused by the expansion / contraction of the negative electrode is extremely high, directly leading to pulverization of the negative electrode particles, delamination of the electrode plate, and repeated damage / repair of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI), thereby seriously affecting the cycle life of the silicon negative electrode battery.

[0053] SOC = 0 is the extreme value that the battery can reach during a reasonable discharging process. The battery voltage corresponding to SOC = 0 is V min V min which can be called the theoretical lower limit voltage. During a reasonable discharging process, the battery voltage is not lower than the above-mentioned theoretical lower limit voltage. SOC = 100% is the extreme value that the battery can reach during a reasonable charging process. The battery voltage corresponding to SOC = 100% is V max V max which can be called the theoretical upper limit voltage. Correspondingly, during a reasonable charging process, the battery voltage is not higher than the above-mentioned theoretical upper limit voltage. That is, V min ~V max is the reasonable operating voltage window of the battery.

[0054] As Figure 1 shown, during the actual charge-discharge process, if the lower limit voltage is set to V min (theoretical lower limit voltage) and the upper limit voltage is set to V max (theoretical upper limit voltage), i.e., full charge and full discharge, then, after the charge / discharge is completed, the thickness change rate K1 of the battery is:

[0055] K1 = (T U -T L ) / T L

[0056] If the lower limit voltage is set to V min and the upper limit voltage is set to V b2 (SOC = 1 - A%), i.e., not fully charged (limiting the upper limit voltage), then, after the charge / discharge is completed, the thickness change rate K2 of the battery is:

[0057] K2 = (T B -T L ) / T L

[0058] If the lower limit voltage is set to V b1 (SOC = A%) and the upper limit voltage is set to V max, that is, not fully discharged (limited lower voltage), then, after the charge / discharge is completed, the thickness change rate of the battery K3:

[0059] K3=(T U -T A ) / T A

[0060] Depend on Figure 1 The change trend of the SOC curve shown in the figure shows that:

[0061] K1>K2>K3

[0062] That is to say, under the full charge and discharge management strategy, the battery charge / discharge volume change rate is the highest, followed by limiting the upper limit voltage (sacrificing A% of capacity). The lowest charge / discharge volume change rate is the charge / discharge management strategy that limits the lower limit voltage (also sacrificing A% of capacity).

[0063] The greater the charge / discharge volume change rate of the silicon negative electrode battery, the greater the negative electrode loss, and the shorter the battery cycle life (including capacity life and expansion life). In view of this, the present application provides a charge and discharge management method. By implementing the charge and discharge management method provided in the embodiment of the present application, the electronic device 10 can set the lower limit voltage of the battery higher than the theoretical lower limit voltage, and, as the battery cycle progresses, continuously increase the lower limit voltage, thereby reducing the charge / discharge volume change rate of the silicon negative electrode as much as possible and extending the battery life.

[0064] Figure 2 It is a flow chart of the charge and discharge management method for extending battery life provided by the present application.

[0065] S101: Determine the current cycle number of the battery.

[0066] In the initial fully charged state, the battery charge is 100%. When the battery is supplying power to an external circuit, the battery voltage gradually decreases. Figure 1 SOC curve in the middle discharge stage.

[0067] After the power is consumed, the battery stops supplying power to the external circuit. From the user's perspective, the battery power is 0 at this time. At this time, the charging circuit is connected, the external circuit works on the battery, and the battery voltage gradually increases until the negative electrode charge reaches saturation. Figure 1 SOC curve of the mid-charge stage. From the user's perspective, at this point, the battery charge is 100%.

[0068] The above battery discharge and charge process is: Figure 1The process in which the state of charge of the battery shown changes from 100% to 0 and then back to 100% can be referred to as one battery cycle. The entire life cycle of the battery includes multiple battery cycles. The more battery cycles that have been executed, the shorter the remaining life of the battery. In some embodiments, one battery cycle can also indicate the process in which the battery reaches a full charge or a full discharge individually.

[0069] In the embodiments of the present application, when the electronic device 10 starts a new battery cycle, it can dynamically adjust the upper limit voltage and the lower limit voltage of the battery according to the number of executed battery cycles, so as to avoid too large a volume change rate of the battery and reduce battery loss.

[0070] The electronic device 10 can set a cycle interval for adjusting the lower limit voltage according to factors such as the number of executed battery cycles and the current actual capacitance of the battery.

[0071] The electronic device 10 can set the cycle numbers from 1 to n0 as the first cycle interval, the cycle numbers from n0 + 1 to n1 as the second cycle interval, the cycle numbers from n1 + 1 to n2 as the third cycle interval, and so on. The electronic device 10 can set M cycle intervals. Among them, according to different bases for dividing the cycle intervals, the number of battery cycles in different intervals can be the same or different.

[0072] When the electronic device 10 starts a new battery cycle, the electronic device 10 can determine the current cycle number.

[0073] S102: When the current cycle number of the battery is between 1 and n0 (the first cycle interval), the electronic device 10 sets the lower limit voltage to V min (theoretical lower limit voltage), and sets the upper limit voltage to V max (theoretical upper limit voltage). Optionally, within the first cycle interval, the electronic device 10 can also set the lower limit voltage to V x , V x higher than V min , to reduce battery loss and extend the battery cycle life. The above-mentioned theoretical lower limit voltage is also called the first voltage value.

[0074] As the cycle number increases, S103: When the current cycle number of the battery is between n0 + 1 and n1 (the second cycle interval), the electronic device 10 raises the lower limit voltage to V min + V0, and keeps the upper limit voltage at V max . At this time, compared with the first cycle interval, the volume change rate of the battery in the second cycle interval is reduced, thereby reducing the attenuation speed of the battery capacity & the thickness expansion speed, and extending the battery cycle life.

[0075] S104: When the current cycle count of the battery is between n1 + 1 and n2 (the third cycle interval), the electronic device 10 raises the lower limit voltage to V min + V0 + V1, and keeps the upper limit voltage at V max . S105: By analogy, as the cycle count increases, the electronic device 10 sequentially raises the lower limit voltage. In this way, on the premise of ensuring that the battery capacity will not be too low, the electronic device 10 can gradually reduce the attenuation rate of the battery capacity & the thickness expansion rate, extend the battery cycle life, thereby prolonging the user's usage time and enhancing the user experience.

[0076] Figure 3A 、 Figure 3B is the schematic diagram of the effect of extending the battery life provided by the embodiments of the present application.

[0077] The criterion for battery life is that the battery capacity reaches the lowest value C to maintain the normal operation of the battery min , or the thickness expansion of the battery reaches the maximum value T to maintain the normal operation of the battery max .

[0078] The larger the charge / discharge volume change rate of the silicon anode battery, the greater the battery loss, that is, the greater the attenuation rate of the battery capacity. As Figure 1 shown: The lower the lower limit voltage of the silicon anode battery, the larger the charge / discharge volume change rate. As the battery cycle count increases, the lower limit voltage of the battery gradually increases, and the charge / discharge volume change rate gradually decreases. The corresponding attenuation rate of the battery capacity gradually decreases.

[0079] As Figure 3A shown, C0 represents the initial capacity of the battery, C min represents the lowest value of the capacity to maintain the normal operation of the battery, and the slope represents the attenuation rate of the battery capacity. In the first cycle interval (1 to n0), the lower limit voltage of the battery is the lowest, and the charge / discharge volume change rate is the highest. Therefore, the attenuation rate of the battery capacity is the largest, which is S0. If the charge / discharge management method provided by the embodiments of the present application is not executed, the attenuation rate of the battery capacitance remains S0. At this time, the change of the battery capacitance with the battery cycle is as Figure 3A shown by the dashed line. The total number of battery cycles of the battery is N.

[0080] If the charge / discharge management method provided by the embodiments of the present application is executed, after the battery cycle reaches the interval end values such as n0, n1, n2, etc., the electronic device 10 can gradually raise the lower limit voltage of the battery, reduce the charge / discharge volume change rate, and then gradually reduce the attenuation rate of the battery capacitance, such as S1, S2, S3, etc. At this time, the change of the battery capacity with the battery cycle is as Figure 3A shown by the solid line. The total number of cycles of the battery increases to N + N1, extending the battery cycle life.

[0081] As shown Figure 3B in, T0 represents the initial thickness of the battery, and T max represents the maximum value of the thickness of the battery cell that maintains the normal operation of the battery. The slope represents the charging / discharging volume change rate of the battery. As shown Figure 1 in: The lower the lower limit voltage of the battery, the greater the charging / discharging volume change rate. In the first cycle interval (from 1 to n0), the lower limit voltage of the battery is the lowest, and the charging / discharging volume change rate is the highest, which is P0. At this time, if the charge / discharge management method provided by the embodiments of the present application is not executed, the charging / discharging volume change rate of the battery remains P0. At this time, the change of the battery thickness with the battery cycle is as shown Figure 3B by the dashed line in. The total number of battery cycles of the battery is N'.

[0082] If the method of gradually increasing the lower limit voltage of the battery provided by the embodiments of the present application is executed, the charging / discharging volume change rate of the battery will gradually decrease, such as P1, P2, P3. At this time, the change of the battery thickness with the battery cycle is as shown Figure 3B by the solid line in. The total number of battery cycles of the battery is N'+N2, which extends the cycle expansion life of the battery.

[0083] In some embodiments, the electronic device 10 can set cycle intervals with different lower limit voltages according to the number of executed battery cycles. Specifically, the electronic device 10 can set each cycle interval according to a fixed number of cycles. For example, the electronic device 10 can delimit 200 consecutive battery cycles as a cycle interval. Exemplarily, Table 1 shows an adjustment rule between the cycle interval and the lower limit voltage.

[0084] Table 1

[0085] First cycle interval Second cycle interval Third cycle interval Fourth cycle interval Number of cycles 1～200 201～400 401～600 >600 Lower limit voltage <![CDATA[V min > <![CDATA[V min +100mV]]> <![CDATA[V min +200mV]]> <![CDATA[V min +300mV]]>

[0086] The life of the battery is limited, so the cycle interval is also limited. At the same time, the increase in the lower limit voltage results in a decrease in the battery capacity. If the lower limit voltage is set too high, the battery capacity is too low, and the battery life is poor, resulting in frequent charging of the battery, which is not conducive to user use. Therefore, after the number of executed battery cycles reaches a certain number, the subsequent cycles can be delimited as a cycle interval, and the lower limit voltage of the battery is no longer increased. For example, the 601st cycle and subsequent cycles can be delimited as a cycle period. Starting from the 601st cycle, thereafter, the lower limit voltage of the battery is V min +300 mV, and the electronic device 10 no longer increases the lower limit voltage of the battery.

[0087] After determining the cycle interval, the electronic device 10 can determine the lower limit voltage of this battery cycle according to the cycle interval in which the current cycle count is located. Exemplarily, when starting the first battery cycle, the electronic device 10 can set the lower limit voltage of the battery to V min , for example, V min = 3.0V, and set the upper limit voltage to V max , for example, V max = 4.45V. During the battery discharge process, the voltage gradually decreases to V min . Then, during the battery charging process, the voltage returns to V max . After that, during the 2nd, 3rd... to 200th battery cycles, the battery discharges and charges according to the above V min = 3.0V, V max = 4.45V.

[0088] When the battery starts the 201st battery cycle, the electronic device 10 can increase the lower limit voltage of the battery. For example, the electronic device 10 can increase the lower limit voltage of the battery to 3.1V (V0 = 100mV). The electronic device 10 can keep the upper limit voltage unchanged. During the battery discharge process, when the voltage of the battery drops to 3.1V, the battery stops discharging. Then, the battery can enter the charging process. During the charging process, the voltage of the battery itself returns to 4.45V. After that, the battery enters the 202nd battery cycle and starts discharging. During the 201st, 202nd... to 400th battery cycles, the battery discharges and charges according to the above V min + V0 = 3.1V, V max = 4.45V.

[0089] When the battery starts the 401st battery cycle, the electronic device 10 continues to increase the lower limit voltage. For example, the electronic device 10 can increase the lower limit voltage of the battery to 3.2V (V1 = 100mV), while keeping the upper limit voltage unchanged. During the battery discharge process, when the voltage of the battery drops to 3.2V, the discharge stops. Then, the battery can enter the charging process. During the charging process, the voltage of the battery itself returns to 4.45V. After that, the battery enters the 402nd battery cycle and starts discharging. During the 401st, 402nd... to 600th battery cycles, the battery discharges and charges according to the above V min + V0 + V1 = 3.2V, V max = 4.45V.

[0090] In the above embodiment, the electronic device 10 sets the lower limit voltage of the battery to V min (3.0V), and sets the upper limit voltage to V maxThe moment when the electronic device 10 increases the lower limit voltage of the battery to 3.1V may be referred to as the first moment, and the moment when the electronic device 10 increases the lower limit voltage of the battery to 3.1V may be referred to as the second moment. The electronic device 10 may set the lower limit voltage at any time before the end of discharge of a cycle. The lower limit voltage 3.0V corresponding to the first moment may be referred to as the first value, and the lower limit voltage 3.1V corresponding to the second moment may be referred to as the second value. The first battery cycle corresponding to the first moment may be referred to as the first battery cycle, and the 201st battery cycle corresponding to the second moment may be referred to as the second battery cycle. The second battery cycle is separated from the first battery cycle by 200 battery cycles. The above 200 battery cycles are the first number of battery cycles.

[0091] It can be understood that the moment when the electronic device 10 sets the lower limit voltage of the battery to 3.1V can be called the first moment, and the moment when the electronic device 10 increases the lower limit voltage of the battery to 3.2V can be called the second moment. At this time, the lower limit voltage 3.1V corresponding to the first moment can be called the first value, and the lower limit voltage 3.2V corresponding to the second moment is the second value. The first battery cycle corresponding to the first moment can be called the first battery cycle, and the 201st battery cycle corresponding to the second moment can be called the second battery cycle.

[0092] Depend on Figure 3A It can be seen that the earlier the lower limit voltage is raised, the earlier the decay rate of the battery capacity can be reduced, thereby improving the battery cycle life as much as possible. Therefore, optionally, the electronic device 10 can also raise the lower limit voltage after each battery cycle, thereby reducing the decay rate of the battery capacity in a more real-time manner and extending the battery life, refer to Table 2:

[0093] Table 2

[0094]

[0095]

[0096] As shown in Table 2, the voltage lower limit is adjusted once for each battery cycle, so the amount of increase cannot be too high. Otherwise, after several or more than ten battery cycles, the lower limit voltage of the battery will be higher. In this way, if the voltage is increased too quickly, the battery capacity will also decrease quickly. Although the battery life is extended in theory, for users, the usage experience may not be as good as the natural loss caused by the volume effect.

[0097] Therefore, when implementing the adjustment strategy shown in Table 2, the increase in the lower limit voltage corresponding to one battery cycle is much smaller than the increase in one cycle interval shown in Table 1. Preferably, the increase in the lower limit voltage corresponding to one battery cycle can be 1*0.3mV.

[0098] Similarly, increasing the lower limit voltage will result in a decrease in battery capacity. Therefore, in order to ensure the power supply capacity of the battery and avoid the battery capacity being too small to affect the user experience (insufficient battery life and frequent charging), the lower limit voltage cannot be increased indefinitely. Therefore, the electronic device 10 can also set the maximum value of the lower limit voltage. After the increase amount of the lower limit voltage reaches the above maximum value, the electronic device 10 can stop increasing the lower limit voltage. For example, the above maximum value can be 3.5V (where V min = 3.0V). When (i - 1)*0.3mV > 0.5V, the electronic device 10 can stop increasing the lower limit voltage.

[0099] In the above embodiment, the k-th battery cycle can be referred to as the first battery cycle, 1 ≤ k ≤ i, and the (k + 1)-th battery cycle can be referred to as the second battery cycle. After the start of the k-th battery cycle, the moment when the electronic device sets the lower limit voltage to V min + (k - 1)*0.3mV can be referred to as the first moment. After the start of the (k + 1)-th battery cycle, the moment when the electronic device sets the lower limit voltage to V min + k*0.3mV can be referred to as the second moment. Among them, V min + (k - 1)*0.3mV is the first value, and V min + k*0.3mV is the second value. The maximum value of the lower limit voltage (3.5V) can be referred to as the second voltage value.

[0100] In the example shown in Table 1, the increment of the lower limit voltage between adjacent two cycle intervals is the same. For example, V0 = V1 = 100mV. Optionally, the increment of the lower limit voltage can also be different. Refer to Table 3:

[0101] Table 3

[0102] First cycle interval Second cycle interval Third cycle interval Fourth cycle interval Number of cycles 1～200 201～400 401～600 >600 Lower limit voltage <![CDATA[V min > <![CDATA[V min +200mV]]> <![CDATA[V min +300mV]]> <![CDATA[V min +350mV]]>

[0103] As shown in Table 3, V0 = 200mV, V1 = 100mV. From the Figure 1 charge and discharge curve shown, the closer the lower limit voltage is to the theoretical lower limit voltage, the greater the charge / discharge volume change rate of the battery. Therefore, when increasing the lower limit voltage for the first time, the electronic device 10 can first set a larger increase amount and then gradually decrease the increase amount. In this way, the electronic device 10 can further delay the battery capacity attenuation speed and extend the battery cycle life.

[0104] Furthermore, when starting the first battery cycle, the electronic device 10 can also set the lower limit voltage higher than the theoretical lower limit voltage, that is, V x ≠ V min , refer to Table 4:

[0105] Table 4

[0106] First cycle interval Second cycle interval Third cycle interval Fourth cycle interval Number of cycles 1～200 201～400 401～600 >600 Lower limit voltage <![CDATA[V x > <![CDATA[V x +100mV]]> <![CDATA[V x +200mV]]> <![CDATA[V x +300mV]]>

[0107] Among them, V x > V min . For example, at V min = 3.0V, V x can be 3.1V. In this way, starting from the first battery cycle, the battery is not fully charged and discharged, thus avoiding a relatively high volume change rate during the process of the voltage dropping to the theoretical lower limit voltage, and further improving the battery cycle life.

[0108] In the example shown in Table 1, the increment of the lower limit voltage between two adjacent cycle intervals is the same. For example, V0 = V1 = 100mV. Optionally, the increment of the lower limit voltage can also be different, but the increment of the capacity loss is kept the same, and the corresponding voltage is determined according to the capacity loss. Refer to Table 5:

[0109] Table 5

[0110] First cycle interval Second cycle interval Third cycle interval Fourth cycle interval Number of cycles 1～200 201～400 401～600 >600 Capacity loss 0 1％ 2％ 3％ Lower limit voltage <![CDATA[V min > <![CDATA[V min +V(1% loss)]]> <![CDATA[V min +V(2% loss)]]> <![CDATA[V min +V(3% loss)]]>

[0111] As shown in Table 5, in the first cycle interval (the 1st to 200th battery cycles), the electronic device 10 can set the lower limit voltage of the battery to V min . In the second cycle interval (the 201st to 400th battery cycles), 1% of the capacity loss is set to increase the lower limit voltage, and this voltage is Vmin + V(1% loss). Among them, V(1% loss) refers to the voltage corresponding to 1% of the battery capacity. The relationship between the battery capacity and the voltage is non-linear. When the lower limit voltage is increased each time, the increment of the lower limit voltage corresponding to 1% of the capacity is unequal, and the specific value can be determined according to the voltage-capacity SOC relationship in the initial charge-discharge curve. By analogy, after the electronic device 10 enters the third and fourth cycle intervals, it can determine the lower limit voltages corresponding to the third and fourth cycle intervals, so as to gradually reduce the volume change rate of charging / discharging and extend the battery cycle life.

[0112] In the embodiment of the present application, when the first value is V min and the second value is V min + V(1% loss), the voltage difference between the first value and the second value, that is, V(1% loss), can be called the voltage corresponding to the battery capacity of the first ratio.

[0113] As the charge-discharge process of the battery progresses, the battery capacity gradually decreases. Therefore, in some other embodiments, the electronic device 10 can monitor the current actual capacity of the battery in real time and set the cycle interval for adjusting the lower limit voltage according to the current actual capacity. For example, every time the battery capacity decreases by 5%, the electronic device 10 can set a new cycle interval. Exemplarily, Table 6 shows another adjustment rule for the cycle interval and the lower limit voltage.

[0114] Table 6

[0115] First cycle interval Second cycle interval Third cycle interval Fourth cycle interval Capacity retention rate 100％～95％ 95～90％ 90～85％ <85％ Lower limit voltage <![CDATA[V min > <![CDATA[V min +100mV]]> <![CDATA[V min +200mV]]> <![CDATA[V min +300mV]]>

[0116] The capacity retention rate refers to the ratio of the current battery capacity to the initial battery capacity. As shown in Table 3, the capacity retention rate of 100% to 95% can be defined as the first cycle interval, 95 to 90% (excluding 95%) as the second cycle interval, and so on. When the capacity retention rate is lower than 95%, the electronic device 10 can increase the lower limit voltage by 100 mV, reduce the charge / discharge volume change rate of the battery, and reduce the attenuation rate of the battery capacity. By analogy, the electronic device 10 can increase the lower limit voltage of the battery according to the actual battery capacity, thereby extending the battery cycle life. Similarly, considering the user experience, when the capacity retention rate decreases to a preset value, the electronic device 10 no longer increases the lower limit voltage. For example, when the capacity retention rate is lower than 85%, the lower limit voltage of the battery remains at V min +300 mV.

[0117] Similarly, in the method of setting and adjusting the lower limit voltage according to the previous actual capacity shown in Table 6, the electronic device 10 can set the lower limit voltage of the first cycle interval higher than V min , and / or the electronic device 10 can also adjust the lower limit voltage more frequently with reference to the method shown in Table 2, and / or the electronic device 10 can also gradually reduce the increase amount of the lower limit voltage with reference to the method shown in Table 3.

[0118] By implementing the above charge and discharge management method, the electronic device 10 can adjust the lower limit voltage of the battery as the battery cycle progresses, control the charge / discharge volume change rate of the battery, thereby reducing the loss of the silicon negative electrode and extending the battery life.

[0119] In the above embodiment, when the third value is any value within the range of 100% to 95%, and the fourth value is any value within the range of 95 to 90%, the first value is V min , and the second value is V min +100 mV. When the third value is any value within the range of 95 to 90%, and the fourth value is any value within the range of 90 to 85%, the first value is V min +100 mV, and the second value is V min +200 mV.

[0120] In some embodiments, the electronic device 10 can also adjust the upper limit voltage of the battery at the same time. Refer to Table 7:

[0121] Table 7

[0122] First cycle interval Second cycle interval Third cycle interval Fourth cycle interval Number of cycles 1～200 201～400 401～600 >600 Lower limit voltage <![CDATA[V min > <![CDATA[V min +100mV]]> <![CDATA[V min +200mV]]> <![CDATA[V min +300mV]]> Upper limit voltage <![CDATA[V max > <![CDATA[V max -100mV]]> <![CDATA[V max -200mV]]> <![CDATA[V max -300mV]]>

[0123] As shown in Table 7, the electronic device 10 can gradually reduce the upper limit voltage of the battery as the battery cycles progress. In this way, the battery volume change rate can be further reduced, thereby reducing the irreversible damage to the silicon negative electrode caused by the volume expansion / shrinkage during charging / discharging, and extending the battery cycle life.

[0124] Among them, for the adjustment amount of the downward adjustment of the upper limit voltage, the adjustment period can refer to the specific rules for the upward adjustment amount of the lower limit voltage, which will not be elaborated here. Among them, the electronic device 10 can synchronously adjust the upper limit voltage and the lower limit voltage.

[0125] Reference Figure 1 Shown in the battery thickness - SOC curve: The thickness change of the silicon negative electrode battery brought by the same state of charge in the low - voltage region is higher than that in the high - voltage region. That is to say, on the premise of losing the same capacity, the effect of suppressing the expansion / shrinkage of silicon materials brought by lowering the upper limit voltage is not as good as raising the lower limit voltage. Therefore, optionally, the frequency at which the electronic device 10 adjusts the upper limit voltage can be lower than the frequency of adjusting the lower limit voltage. For example, two upward adjustments of the lower limit voltage correspond to one adjustment of the upper limit voltage. Optionally, the voltage amount of one - time downward adjustment of the upper limit voltage by the electronic device 10 can be lower than the voltage amount of one - time upward adjustment of the lower limit voltage.

[0126] In some embodiments, the electronic device 10 can also first set the lower limit voltage higher than the theoretical lower limit voltage V min , and then lower the lower limit voltage in subsequent battery cycles, so that when the battery capacity decays, the battery can maintain the initial discharge amount during a single discharge process, thereby reducing the user's perception of battery capacity decay and improving the user experience.

[0127] Table 8

[0128] First cycle interval Second cycle interval Third cycle interval Fourth cycle interval …… Number of cycles 1～200 201～400 401～600 >600 …… Lower limit voltage <![CDATA[V Y > <![CDATA[V Y -100mV]]> <![CDATA[V Y -200mV]]> <![CDATA[V Y -300mV]]> ……

[0129] For example, initially, the electronic device 10 can set the lower limit voltage of the battery to V Y , V Y > V min , for example, V Y = 3.5V; set the upper limit voltage to V max , for example, V max = 4.45V. In the first cycle interval, the battery discharges and charges according to the above V Y = 3.5V, V max = 4.45V.

[0130] When the battery starts the 201st battery cycle, the electronic device 10 can lower the lower limit voltage of the battery. For example, the electronic device 10 can lower the lower limit voltage V Y to 3.4V. After that, in the second cycle interval, the battery discharges and charges according to the above 3.4V, V maxDischarge and charge at 4.45V. And so on. Based on the initially set lower limit voltage, as the battery cycles progress, the electronic device 10 can continuously lower the lower limit voltage of the battery until the lower limit voltage reaches the theoretical lower limit voltage V min .

[0131] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram showing the effect of extending the battery life corresponding to the charge and discharge management method in Table 8 provided by the embodiments of the present application. C0 represents the initial capacity of the battery, and C min represents the minimum value of the capacity to maintain the normal operation of the battery, and the slope represents the attenuation rate of the battery capacity. In the case of full charge and full discharge, as the negative electrode material is consumed, the battery capacity gradually decreases. The number of battery cycles is N, refer to the dashed line in Figure 4 . If the charge and discharge management method shown in Table 8 is implemented, initially, since the lower limit voltage is set higher than the theoretical lower limit voltage, the current actual battery capacity C1 is lower than C0. However, since the lower limit voltage is set higher than the theoretical lower limit voltage, at this time, the volume change rate of battery charging / discharging is lower than that in the case of full charge and full discharge. When the number of cycles reaches n0, the electronic device 10 raises the lower limit voltage, so that the battery capacity is expanded on the basis of the original attenuation. In this way, for the user, the battery can maintain the initial discharge amount as much as possible during a single discharge process, thereby reducing the user's perception of battery capacity attenuation and improving the user experience. At the same time, according to the method shown in Table 8, the cycle life of the battery can be extended to N + N3.

[0132] Referring to the method shown in Table 2, in the embodiment of lowering the lower limit voltage (Table 8), the electronic device 10 can also lower the lower limit voltage of the battery at the start of each new battery cycle. Referring to the method shown in Table 3, in the embodiment of lowering the lower limit voltage, the amount of decrease in the lower limit voltage each time the electronic device 10 lowers it can also be different. Referring to the method shown in Table 5, the electronic device 10 can determine the above-mentioned amount of decrease according to the capacity loss. Referring to the method shown in Table 6, the electronic device 10 can also determine the above-mentioned amount of decrease according to the current capacity retention rate of the battery, etc., which will not be elaborated here.

[0133] In the above embodiments, the moment when the electronic device 10 sets V Y within the first battery cycle can be referred to as the third moment. The electronic device 10 can set V Y at any moment before the end of the discharge of this cycle. The moment when the electronic device 10 sets V Y -100mV within the 201st battery cycle can be referred to as the fourth moment. Correspondingly, V Y can be referred to as the fifth value, and V Y -100mV can be referred to as the sixth value. It can be understood that within the 201st battery cycle, the electronic device 10 sets VY The moment of -100 mV can be referred to as the third moment. Within the 401st battery cycle, the electronic device 10 sets V Y The moment of -200 mV can be referred to as the fourth moment. Correspondingly, V Y -100 mV can be referred to as the fifth value, V Y -200 mV can be referred to as the sixth value.

[0134] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of the electronic device 10 provided by the embodiment of the present application.

[0135] As Figure 5 shown, the electronic device 10 includes a processor 101, a USB interface 102, a battery 103, and a power battery management module 104. It can be understood that the structure schematically shown in the embodiments of the present invention does not constitute a specific limitation on the electronic device 10. In other embodiments of the present application, the electronic device 10 may include more or fewer components than shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or split certain components, or have different component arrangements. The components shown in the figure may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware.

[0136] The processor 101 may include one or more processing units. For example: the processor 101 may include an application processor (AP), a modem processor, a graphics processing unit (GPU), an image signal processor (ISP), a controller, a digital signal processor (DSP), a baseband processor, etc. Among them, different processing units may be independent devices or integrated in one or more processors. The controller may generate operation control signals according to the instruction operation code and timing signals to complete the control of fetching instructions and executing instructions. A memory may also be provided in the processor 101 for storing instructions and data.

[0137] The USB interface 102 is an interface that conforms to the USB standard specification. Specifically, it may be a Mini USB interface, a Micro USB interface, a USB Type C interface, etc. The USB interface 102 can be used to connect a charger to charge the electronic device 10, and can also be used to transfer data between the electronic device 10 and peripheral devices.

[0138] It can be understood that the interface connection relationship between the modules schematically shown in the embodiments of the present invention is only for illustrative purposes and does not constitute a structural limitation on the electronic device 10. In other embodiments of the present application, the electronic device 10 may also adopt different interface connection methods in the above embodiments, or a combination of multiple interface connection methods.

[0139] The negative electrode material of the battery 103 is a material with a large volume effect such as silicon, tin (Sn), germanium, etc., and a mixed negative electrode composed of the same and graphite. For example, the battery 103 can be a lithium battery with a silicon negative electrode (graphite doped with silicon). The battery 103 can supply power to other modules such as the processor of the electronic device 10 to keep the electronic device 10 working properly. After the electric energy stored in the battery 103 is exhausted, the battery 103 can receive a charging input from a charger through the USB interface 102, store the electric energy, and then continue to supply power to the electronic device 10.

[0140] The battery management module 104 is connected to the USB interface 102, the battery 103, and the processor 101. While charging the battery 103, the battery management module 104 can also supply power to the electronic device. The battery management module 104 is used to receive a charging input from a charger. The battery management module 104 receives the input of the battery 103 and supplies power to other modules such as the processor 101 of the electronic device 10. The battery management module 104 can also be used to monitor parameters such as battery capacity, battery cycle count, and battery health status (leakage, impedance). In some other embodiments, the battery management module 104 can also be disposed in the processor 101.

[0141] In the embodiment of the present application, when monitoring the battery capacity and the battery cycle count, the battery management module 104 can adjust the lower limit voltage and / or the upper limit voltage of the negative electrode to reduce the volume change rate of the negative electrode material, reduce battery loss, and extend the battery cycle life.

[0142] In the embodiment of the present application, the electronic device 10 can be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, or a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a handheld computer, a notebook computer, an ultra-mobile personal computer (UMPC), a netbook, as well as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), an augmented reality (AR) device, a virtual reality (VR) device, an artificial intelligence (AI) device, a wearable device, a vehicle-mounted device, a smart home device, and / or a smart city device. The embodiment of the present application does not impose any special restrictions on the specific type of the electronic device 10.

[0143] As used in the specification and appended claims of this application, the singular forms "a", "an", "the", "above", "said", "this" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and / or" used in this application refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the listed items. As used in the foregoing embodiments, depending on the context, the term "when" may be construed to mean "if", "after", "in response to determining", or "in response to detecting". Similarly, depending on the context, the phrase "when determining" or "if detecting (the stated condition or event)" may be construed to mean "if determining", "in response to determining", "when detecting (the stated condition or event)", or "in response to detecting (the stated condition or event)".

[0144] In the foregoing embodiments, it can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, it can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this application are generated in whole or in part. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable devices. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another, for example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from a website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center by wire (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line) or wireless (such as infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.). The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server or data center that includes one or more integrated available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (such as a floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (such as a DVD), or a semiconductor medium (such as a solid-state drive), etc.

[0145] Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that all or part of the processes in the methods of the foregoing embodiments can be completed by instructing relevant hardware with a computer program. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, it can include the processes of the foregoing method embodiments. The foregoing storage medium includes various media that can store program codes, such as ROM or random access memory RAM, magnetic disks, or optical discs.

Claims

1. A charge and discharge management method is applied to an electronic device, where the electronic device includes a battery, and the method includes: When the number of battery cycles of the battery enters a preset first cycle range, set the lower limit voltage of the battery to a first value; When the voltage of the battery reaches the first value, the battery stops discharging; When the number of battery cycles of the battery enters a preset second cycle range, set the lower limit voltage of the battery to a second value, where the second value is higher than the first value, the second value is less than or equal to the maximum value of the preset lower limit voltage of the battery, and the voltage difference between the second value and the first value is equal to the voltage corresponding to a target capacitance loss, where the target capacitance loss is the difference between the battery capacitance at the first battery cycle in the second cycle range and the battery capacitance at the first battery cycle in the first cycle range; When the voltage of the battery reaches the second value, the battery stops discharging.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein The first cycle range and the second cycle range include the same number of battery cycles.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The first cycle range includes 200 battery cycles.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first value is greater than the theoretical lower limit voltage of the battery.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The negative electrode material of the battery includes one or more of the following categories: carbon, silicon, tin, germanium.

6. An electronic device, characterized in that, Includes one or more processors and one or more memories; wherein, the one or more memories are coupled to the one or more processors, the one or more memories are used to store computer program code, the computer program code includes computer instructions, and when the one or more processors execute the computer instructions, the method described in any one of claims 1-5 is executed.

7. A chip system, the chip system is applied to an electronic device, the chip system includes one or more processors, and the processors are used to call computer instructions to execute the method described in any one of claims 1-5.

8. A computer-readable storage medium, comprising instructions, characterized in that, When the instruction runs on the electronic device, the method described in any one of claims 1-5 is executed.

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