Blockchain-based multi-microgrid-containing power distribution system supervision and regulation method and system

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of based on block chain's containing multiple microgrid power distribution system monitorable regulation method and system, belong to microgrid power distribution system optimization technical field. Including obtaining the power selling request of power selling microgrid node and the power buying request of power buying microgrid node in power distribution system, wherein the power selling request or the power buying request is based on the operation scheduling model prediction of pre-established;Based on the preset smart contract of block chain, the power selling request and the power buying request are traded and matched, and a transaction scheduling scheme is obtained;The transaction scheduling scheme is sent to the terminal where the power selling microgrid node is located and the terminal where the power buying microgrid node is located respectively, and transaction scheduling is carried out according to the transaction scheduling scheme.Combining block chain architecture and containing multiple microgrid power distribution system can guarantee the security of data and the fairness of regulation process, solve the problem that each microgrid subject does not adapt to traditional centralized regulation, and is difficult to actively respond to scheduling mechanism.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of microgrid power distribution system optimization technology, and in particular to a blockchain-based method and system for the supervision and control of multi-microgrid power distribution systems. Background Technology

[0002] The statements in this section merely refer to the background art related to this invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] Renewable energy sources offer advantages such as high energy efficiency, low environmental pollution, and strong power supply flexibility. Distributed generation has also seen significant development due to its ability to effectively alleviate the reliability and security issues of centralized power generation. Distributed renewable energy distribution systems, primarily composed of distribution systems and microgrids, involve increasingly complex power dispatching among various independent systems, generating a large amount of intricate power regulation data. This necessitates the establishment of new data storage methods to ensure data security and privacy.

[0004] As microgrid clusters gradually take shape, distribution systems containing multiple microgrids are no longer suitable for traditional centralized control. This makes it difficult for individual microgrid entities to actively respond to the dispatch mechanism, and issues such as inefficiency and fairness arise during the control process. In multi-microgrid dispatch systems, electricity-selling microgrids and electricity-purchasing microgrids will directly trade and dispatch. Since the microgrids participating in the dispatch do not have the authority of entities such as power grid companies or power plants, a trust barrier exists between the trading parties.

[0005] As an emerging technology, blockchain is a fusion of various known technologies, including P2P networks, distributed data storage technology, encryption algorithms, consensus mechanisms, and smart contracts. The development of blockchain relies heavily on the support of these technologies. Blockchain has been widely applied in multiple fields such as finance, healthcare, and energy. Blockchain technology features decentralization, traceability, immutability, and transparency. Its nodes can reach consensus and jointly complete distributed storage and scheduling confirmation without completely trusting other nodes, which aligns with the characteristic of equal participation in dispatching among all parties in distributed power dispatching.

[0006] However, the application of blockchain in the energy sector is still in its early stages. It lacks transaction mechanisms, encryption algorithms, and consensus mechanisms that are compatible with the regulation of multi-microgrid power distribution systems, making it impossible to efficiently regulate multi-microgrid power distribution systems. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a blockchain-based method, system, electronic device, and computer-readable storage medium for the monitoring and control of a multi-microgrid power distribution system, combining blockchain architecture with a multi-microgrid power distribution system.

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a blockchain-based method for the supervision and control of a power distribution system containing multiple microgrids;

[0009] A blockchain-based method for the supervision and control of a multi-microgrid power distribution system includes:

[0010] Obtain the electricity sales requests of the electricity sales microgrid nodes and the electricity purchase requests of the electricity purchase microgrid nodes in the power distribution system, wherein the electricity sales requests or the electricity purchase requests are predicted based on a preset operation scheduling model;

[0011] Based on a pre-set blockchain smart contract, the electricity sales request and the electricity purchase request are matched to obtain a transaction scheduling scheme;

[0012] The transaction scheduling plan is sent to the terminal where the electricity sales microgrid node is located and the terminal where the electricity purchase microgrid node is located, respectively, and the transaction scheduling is carried out according to the transaction scheduling plan;

[0013] Among them, the electricity sales microgrid node encrypts the transaction price and dispatched electricity volume through a commitment algorithm, and signs it through a digital signature algorithm before sending it along with the blinding factor to the corresponding electricity purchase microgrid node for verification.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes:

[0015] After the transaction scheduling is completed, the improved consensus mechanism verifies the consistency of the transaction scheduling data.

[0016] Preferably, the improved consensus mechanism for verifying the data consistency of transaction scheduling data includes:

[0017] The credit rating of the microgrid node is calculated based on the contracted electricity volume and the actual electricity volume supplied by the microgrid node.

[0018] The credit rating of electricity users is calculated based on the contracted electricity volume and the actual electricity consumption of the microgrid nodes.

[0019] Based on the creditworthiness of the electricity sales microgrid nodes and electricity users, and using a pre-defined creditworthiness reward and punishment model, malicious nodes are identified and removed.

[0020] Based on the creditworthiness of the electricity sales microgrid nodes and electricity users, voting nodes are selected to perform voting tasks according to a preset creditworthiness reward and punishment model.

[0021] Furthermore, predicting electricity sales or purchase requests based on a pre-defined operation scheduling model includes:

[0022] With the goal of minimizing the operating cost of microgrids, the operation and scheduling model is iteratively calculated under constraints of power balance, interruptible load adjustment, transferable load adjustment, energy storage charging and discharging, energy storage state of charge, micro gas turbine output, and micro gas turbine ramping to obtain a scheduling plan for a distribution system containing multiple microgrids.

[0023] Based on the scheduling plan, determine the electricity sales or purchase needs of each microgrid node.

[0024] Furthermore, the transaction matching of the electricity sales request and the electricity purchase request based on the preset blockchain smart contract includes:

[0025] Based on the electricity sales request and the electricity purchase request, the priority indicators of the electricity sales microgrid nodes and the electricity purchase microgrid nodes are obtained through the priority indicator definition formula;

[0026] The electricity sales microgrid nodes and electricity purchase microgrid nodes are ranked according to priority indicators, and the optimal trading parties are selected. The optimal trading parties sign contracts and conduct transactions.

[0027] Furthermore, it also includes:

[0028] The power distribution system initiates a monthly electricity bill settlement request to the electricity purchasing microgrid node, and at the same time applies to the blockchain to obtain the committed value of the transaction electricity price reached between the electricity purchasing microgrid node and other microgrid nodes;

[0029] The power distribution system obtains the total electricity bill commitment value based on the committed value and the corresponding electricity consumption calculation, and sends it to the power purchase microgrid node after digital signature. After successful verification, the monthly electricity bill is settled.

[0030] Furthermore, the electricity sales microgrid nodes use a homomorphic encryption algorithm to encrypt the transaction price of electricity using the public key of the regulatory agency, so that the regulatory agency can review it.

[0031] Secondly, the present invention provides a blockchain-based, multi-microgrid power distribution system that can be monitored and controlled;

[0032] A blockchain-based, multi-microgrid power distribution system with regulatory and control capabilities includes:

[0033] The request receiving module is configured to: acquire the electricity sales request of the electricity sales microgrid node and the electricity purchase request of the electricity purchase microgrid node in the power distribution system, wherein the electricity sales request or the electricity purchase request is predicted based on a preset operation scheduling model;

[0034] The transaction matching module is configured to: perform transaction matching on the electricity sales request and the electricity purchase request based on a preset blockchain smart contract, and obtain a transaction scheduling scheme;

[0035] The transaction scheduling module is configured to: send the transaction scheduling plan to the terminal where the electricity sales microgrid node is located and the terminal where the electricity purchase microgrid node is located, respectively, and perform transaction scheduling according to the transaction scheduling plan;

[0036] Among them, the electricity sales microgrid node encrypts the transaction price and dispatched electricity volume through a commitment algorithm, and signs it through a digital signature algorithm before sending it along with the blinding factor to the corresponding electricity purchase microgrid node for verification.

[0037] Thirdly, the present invention provides an electronic device;

[0038] An electronic device includes a memory and a processor, as well as computer instructions stored in the memory and running on the processor. When the processor executes the computer instructions, the computer instructions complete the steps of the aforementioned blockchain-based method for the regulatory control of a multi-microgrid power distribution system.

[0039] Fourthly, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium;

[0040] A computer-readable storage medium for storing computer instructions, which, when executed by a processor, complete the steps of the aforementioned blockchain-based method for the monitoring and control of a multi-microgrid power distribution system.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0042] 1. The technical solution provided by this invention combines a blockchain architecture with a power distribution system control model containing multiple microgrids, and applies the characteristics of blockchain and smart contracts to power control, thereby ensuring data and privacy security in power control.

[0043] 2. The technical solution provided by this invention, based on smart contracts, establishes a microgrid group trading mechanism incorporating factors such as buyer priority indices and seller priority indices for expected price and expected power. It designs a transaction matching and market clearing process for the rational allocation of electricity. This protects the interests of different microgrids, makes the revenue of each microgrid more balanced by influencing bidding prices, reduces the overall operating cost of the microgrid group, and increases market trading activity.

[0044] 3. The technical solution provided by this invention utilizes the homomorphism of the Pedersen commitment, AH-ElGamal homomorphic encryption algorithm, and ECDSA digital signature algorithm to ensure that the distribution network can perform normal electricity bill settlement without knowing the transaction price, thus protecting the privacy of multi-microgrid transactions and enabling regulatory agencies to access and decrypt the transaction price for supervision at any time.

[0045] 4. The technical solution provided by this invention addresses the problems of low voting enthusiasm and inability to remove malicious nodes in a timely manner in the Delegated Proof-of-Stake (DPoS) mechanism. It proposes an improved consensus mechanism for DPoS and designs a blockchain system with an improved DPoS consensus mechanism. Attached Figure Description

[0046] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0047] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a power distribution system containing multiple microgrids provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the framework of a blockchain system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the reward and punishment process provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0050] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and intended to provide further illustration of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in this invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0051] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments of the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. Furthermore, it should be understood that the terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0052] Where there is no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0053] Example 1

[0054] In existing technologies, distributed new energy power distribution systems generate a large amount of complex power regulation data, which urgently needs to ensure data security and privacy. Furthermore, these systems are not suitable for traditional centralized regulation, and the various microgrid entities find it difficult to respond actively to dispatch, resulting in low efficiency and difficulty in ensuring fairness. Therefore, this invention provides a blockchain-based method for the supervision and regulation of power distribution systems with multiple microgrids, combining the blockchain architecture with power distribution systems with multiple microgrids.

[0055] To reflect the independence and autonomy of microgrids, each microgrid participating in transactions and scheduling should have equal status and be able to obtain timely power information from multiple microgrids. The decentralized nature of blockchain shares a natural similarity with the distributed generation and consumption of electricity by multiple microgrids. In a blockchain network, each node has equal status, and each node simultaneously broadcasts information to other nodes through a P2P network; other nodes receive and store the information. This mechanism ensures the autonomy of sub-microgrids and the transparency of information. Furthermore, microgrids connect to the system on their own, making it easy to join and leave, facilitating the integration of more microgrids, and offering strong flexibility and scalability.

[0056] In a multi-microgrid dispatch system, electricity-selling microgrids and electricity-purchasing microgrids directly trade and dispatch electricity. Because the microgrids participating in the dispatch lack the authority of entities like power grid companies or power plants, a trust barrier exists between the trading parties. However, in a blockchain system, electricity trading, dispatch, and profit distribution between microgrids are uniformly monitored by all nodes. Furthermore, after the electricity-selling and electricity-purchasing microgrids reach a transaction or dispatch plan, the plan is written into a smart contract. A smart contract is a program that automatically executes upon triggering conditions, allowing the dispatch plan to run automatically. After the transaction and dispatch are completed, the smart contract completes the settlement and transfer of funds based on the actual transaction data, without the need for a third-party trusted institution, reducing third-party fees and ensuring the fairness and trustworthiness of the system.

[0057] Furthermore, multi-micronet transactions and scheduling generate a large amount of transaction data, and data under centralized transactions and scheduling is vulnerable to hacker attacks and tampering. Blockchain uses asymmetric encryption technology and iterative hashing methods. For a malicious node to tamper with the information recorded in a block, it must possess the computing power to modify the information of more than 50% of the nodes in the entire network and the right to package the current block—essentially defeating the entire network's computing power single-handedly, which is virtually impossible. Moreover, when a node possesses this capability, the reward it receives for securely packaging a block will be greater than the benefit it would gain from tampering with the block, eliminating the need for further data tampering. This mechanism ensures the security of data information.

[0058] The chosen blockchain category is consortium blockchain, a type of blockchain network composed of multiple organizations or entities, which falls between public and private blockchains. In consortium blockchains, participants need permission to join the network, but unlike private blockchains, they are not controlled by a single entity. The nodes consist of three parts: microgrids within the group, the power distribution system, and the regulatory body.

[0059] Microgrids: Multiple microgrids exist within the control system, and as key participants in power regulation, they have the following responsibilities:

[0060] 1) Participate as a full node in the power regulation blockchain system and store the distributed ledger of the entire network.

[0061] 2) Microgrids meet their own load requirements in day-ahead optimization scheduling and pursue the lowest cost in power regulation.

[0062] 3) On the basis of meeting its own load, it can sell electricity to the market and set its own electricity sales price.

[0063] 4) If the load cannot be met, electricity can be purchased from the market at a price determined by the user.

[0064] 5) As a participant in power dispatching services, settle electricity purchase and sale costs through the monthly billing process.

[0065] Microgrids primarily consist of wind farms, solar power plants, micro gas turbines, energy storage devices, and user loads, and are connected to the power distribution system via transmission lines, such as... Figure 1 As shown.

[0066] Power distribution system: Within the control system, there exists a power distribution system, which acts as an auxiliary to power control and has the following responsibilities:

[0067] 1) Participate as a full node in the power regulation blockchain system and store the distributed ledger of the entire network.

[0068] 2) Provide control systems and power transmission services for inter-microgrid power regulation within the region.

[0069] 3) When the power regulation of the microgrid within the group cannot meet the demand, improve the power dispatch and power transmission services from the microgrid to the large power grid.

[0070] 4) Responsible for electricity bill settlement, and collecting certain settlement and transmission fees from the electricity sales microgrid, and storing the settlement fees on the blockchain.

[0071] Regulatory agency: There is a regulatory agency in the regulation system, which, as a major participant in supervising electricity regulation, has the following responsibilities:

[0072] 1) Participate as a full node in the power regulation blockchain system and store the distributed ledger of the entire network.

[0073] 2) Responsible for developing smart contracts for power dispatching between microgrid groups.

[0074] 3) It has the right to obtain and review dispatch price data and dispatch information from the blockchain.

[0075] First, the multi-microgrid under the power distribution system management completes the energy regulation within the microgrid according to the smart contract quotation, and obtains pre-set quotations and dispatched power.

[0076] Secondly, power dispatch is carried out between microgrids. The Pedersen commitment is used to put the price of the contract on the chain, and then the price is encrypted again on the chain using the AH-ElGamal homomorphic encryption algorithm.

[0077] At the end of the month, the power distribution system can apply to the blockchain to obtain the committed value of the multi-microgrid quotations for that month, and obtain the electricity consumption data corresponding to each quotation locally. This allows it to complete power dispatch without knowing the actual value of the quotation, thereby realizing the regulation of the power distribution system containing multi-microgrids.

[0078] To ensure the security and uniformity of the blockchain system, this paper proposes an improved consensus mechanism for DPoS, addressing issues such as low voting enthusiasm and inability to promptly remove malicious nodes. A blockchain system design incorporating the improved DPoS consensus mechanism is presented, which encourages micro-network nodes to fulfill contracts, actively vote, and promptly remove malicious nodes, resulting in higher throughput and shorter consensus time.

[0079] Next, combined Figures 1-3 This embodiment provides a detailed description of a blockchain-based method for the monitoring and control of a multi-microgrid power distribution system. The method includes the following steps:

[0080] S1. Obtain the electricity sales requests of the electricity sales microgrid nodes and the electricity purchase requests of the electricity purchase microgrid nodes in the power distribution system. The electricity sales requests or electricity purchase requests are predicted based on a preset operation scheduling model.

[0081] Furthermore, with the goal of minimizing the operating cost of the microgrid, the operation and scheduling model is iteratively calculated under constraints of power balance, interruptible load adjustment, transferable load adjustment, energy storage charging and discharging, energy storage state of charge, micro gas turbine output, and micro gas turbine ramping, to obtain a scheduling plan for a distribution system containing multiple microgrids. Based on the scheduling plan, the electricity sales or purchase demand of each microgrid node is determined.

[0082] The dispatch plan includes energy storage charging and discharging power, load adjustment, micro gas turbine power generation, electricity to be traded, and expected electricity price.

[0083] Furthermore, the operation and scheduling model includes a photovoltaic power output model, a wind power output model, a micro gas turbine output model, an energy storage device model, and a user load model. The goal is to minimize the operating cost of the microgrid, and the constraints are power balance constraints, interruptible load adjustment constraints, transferable load adjustment constraints, energy storage charging and discharging constraints, energy storage state of charge constraints, micro gas turbine output constraints, and micro gas turbine ramping constraints.

[0084] Specifically, the photovoltaic power output model:

[0085] The output power of photovoltaic power generation is closely related to the intensity of solar radiation. The relationship between its output and the intensity of solar radiation is as follows:

[0086]

[0087] In the formula, It is the rated photoelectric conversion efficiency. It refers to the area of ​​the photovoltaic module. It is the intensity of radiation received by a photovoltaic module from sunlight.

[0088] Wind power output model:

[0089] The output power of wind power generation is closely related to wind speed. Based on the Weibull probability distribution model of wind speed, the following wind power generation model can be established:

[0090]

[0091] In the formula, It's the cut-in wind speed. It's about cutting off the wind speed. That is the rated wind speed. This is the maximum rated power of wind power generation. It is the output power of wind power generation.

[0092] Micro gas turbine output model:

[0093] The power generation cost of a micro gas turbine can be expressed as a quadratic function:

[0094]

[0095] In the formula, Cost of output for micro gas turbines , , This is the cost coefficient. It provides power to micro gas turbines.

[0096] Energy storage device model:

[0097] The remaining energy storage capacity at time t is related to the remaining energy storage capacity at time t-1, the amount of charging and discharging of energy storage from time t-1 to time t, and the hourly energy decay, as expressed as:

[0098]

[0099] In the formula, This represents the energy storage load for the current scheduling cycle. The energy storage load is the energy stored in the previous scheduling cycle, and the upper and lower formulas are the discharge and charging processes, respectively. This represents the charging and discharging power that occurs during the alternation of two scheduling cycles. A positive value indicates charging, and a negative value indicates discharging. For energy storage charging efficiency, For energy storage discharge efficiency; For energy storage capacity, The self-discharge rate of the stored energy.

[0100]

[0101] In the formula, Let be the operating cost of the energy storage at time t. Let t represent the state of the energy storage at time t, and the state of the energy storage during operation. ,otherwise ; The maintenance factor for electrical energy storage. Costs related to the lifespan and wear and tear of electrical energy storage.

[0102] User load model:

[0103] User loads are categorized into flexible loads and rigid loads. Rigid loads refer to fixed loads in the power system, which typically do not participate in demand response regulation. Flexible loads refer to loads that users actively adjust based on time-of-use pricing or through agreements between the power company and the user. During peak electricity demand periods or in emergencies, users proactively reduce or directly interrupt their load according to the agreement. Flexible loads can be further divided into interruptible loads and transferable loads. Interruptible loads refer to the portion of the load that power users can directly interrupt, and their model is as follows:

[0104]

[0105] In the formula The maximum power of the interruptible load. This represents the proportion of user interruption load.

[0106] Transferable load has flexible demand characteristics, allowing for flexible allocation within specified time periods. This enables load curve smoothing and trough filling, and in the event of a fault, a portion of the load is reduced and transferred to critical nodes. Transferable load is defined as a load that remains constant over a period of time, and its load model is as follows:

[0107]

[0108] In the formula, The maximum power of the transferable load. The proportion of users transferring load, A positive number indicates an increase in load power.

[0109] Incentive-based demand response refers to power companies intervening in and transferring loads by formulating policies and signing contracts with users. This includes interruptible loads and transferable loads. Its economic compensation model is as follows:

[0110] The compensation cost for interruptible loads typically consists of two parts: the interruption load compensation cost and the fixed compensation cost. The former is related to the size of the interrupted load and the time period, while the latter is independent of the size and time of the interrupted load, because any interruption of the load will cause inconvenience to the user.

[0111]

[0112] In the formula, T is the time period. For fixed compensation, For interruptible load size, The unit price is for interruptible load compensation.

[0113] Compensation for transferable loads requires a compensation agreement between the user and the power company. The compensation amount is related to the load size and the time period before and after the load transfer. for

[0114]

[0115] In the formula, To determine the size of the transferred load, The unit price for load transfer compensation.

[0116] Objective function:

[0117] The recent microgrid dispatch optimization aims to minimize the operating cost of the microgrid, without considering the cost of renewable energy generation, as follows:

[0118]

[0119]

[0120] In the formula, To reduce transaction costs between microgrids based on smart contract pricing, Provide transmission service fee coefficients for power distribution systems.

[0121] Constraints:

[0122] Microgrid scheduling optimization must meet constraints such as security, reliability, and power quality.

[0123] 1) Power balance constraints

[0124]

[0125] In the formula, This is the original load.

[0126] 2) Interruptible load adjustment constraints

[0127] The value of interruptible load must be positive and cannot exceed the maximum limit.

[0128]

[0129] 3) Transferable load adjustment constraints

[0130] The value of transferable load can be positive or negative. A positive number indicates that the load is being transferred in, while a negative number indicates the opposite. The value cannot exceed the maximum limit for load transfer in, nor can it be less than the limit for load transfer out.

[0131]

[0132] In the formula, for Minimum load that can be transferred during a given period.

[0133] 4) Energy storage charging and discharging constraints

[0134] The charging and discharging power of electrical energy storage must be within a certain range; a positive value indicates charging, and a negative value indicates discharging.

[0135]

[0136] 5) Energy storage state of charge constraints

[0137] The state of charge of electrical energy storage must be within a certain range.

[0138]

[0139] 6) Output constraints of micro gas turbines

[0140] The output of a micro gas turbine cannot exceed its maximum.

[0141]

[0142] 7) Micro gas turbine ramping constraints

[0143] The output ramp of a micro gas turbine cannot exceed its maximum value.

[0144]

[0145] S2. Based on a preset blockchain smart contract, the electricity sales request and the electricity purchase request are matched to obtain a transaction scheduling scheme; the transaction scheduling scheme is sent to the terminal where the electricity sales microgrid node is located and the terminal where the electricity purchase microgrid node is located, respectively, and the transaction is scheduled according to the transaction scheduling scheme.

[0146] Smart contracts are programs that execute automatically when triggered. They are written using the Ethereum development platform and stored on the blockchain. The decentralized, trustworthy, and tamper-proof nature of the blockchain provides a secure execution environment for smart contracts. After a transaction is completed on the multi-micro network, the addresses and creditworthiness of both parties, the transaction time, electricity price, and electricity volume are written into the smart contract. When the trigger condition is met, the smart contract executes automatically, settling, transferring, and updating the transaction based on the actual electricity volume.

[0147] Each microgrid within a microgrid cluster may experience power surplus or shortage at any given time. They hope to reduce electricity costs by privately signing smart contracts with other microgrids. However, for scheduling privacy reasons, they do not want nodes other than the microgrids participating in the scheduling and regulatory agencies to read their pricing. Therefore, this embodiment proposes a smart contract based on a self-determined electricity price, and the self-determined electricity price is encrypted and uploaded to the blockchain.

[0148] Furthermore, step S3 specifically includes:

[0149] S301. Based on the electricity sales request and the electricity purchase request, obtain the priority indicators for the electricity sales microgrid nodes and the electricity purchase microgrid nodes through the definition of the preferred indicator.

[0150] Furthermore, during the day-ahead dispatch phase, each microgrid node formulates a day-ahead dispatch plan based on its own capacity and load demand, and uploads surplus / deficit power data to the smart contract. Priority indicators for power-selling and power-purchasing microgrid nodes are then determined through a preferred indicator definition. The preferred indicator definition is expressed as:

[0151]

[0152]

[0153] in, This is the optimal indicator for electricity sales microgrid nodes within time period t. The priority indicator for electricity purchasing microgrid nodes within time period t. Let t be the demand for electricity purchased by microgrid node i. Let j be the supply of electricity at time t in the microgrid. To maximize the trading volume, Pricing for electricity sales microgrid nodes at time t. Pricing for electricity purchase microgrid nodes at time t. The price at which a microgrid node exchanges electricity with the grid at time t. This represents the electricity price exchanged between the microgrid node and the power grid at time t.

[0154] S302. Based on priority indicators, the electricity sales microgrid nodes and electricity purchase microgrid nodes are sorted and the optimal trading parties are selected. The optimal trading parties sign a contract and conduct the transaction.

[0155] Specifically, after each microgrid node submits its bid, the priority of the microgrid queue is ranked from high to low using optimization indicators. The microgrid node selling electricity and the microgrid node purchasing electricity with the highest optimization indicators are matched as the optimal trading parties.

[0156] Furthermore, the selling price of electricity sales microgrid nodes and the purchase price of electricity purchase microgrid nodes are updated by adjusting the supply and demand ratio.

[0157] Contract scheduling proceeds in N rounds, with K matches offered in each round. In the transaction at time t, the demand of a microgrid can be satisfied through K matches. Based on the supply-demand ratio of the (k-1)th match in the nth round, the price of the kth (k>1, k∈K) match in the nth round (n∈N) is submitted. The price of the 1st match in the nth round is obtained from the supply-demand ratio of the kth match in the (n-1)th transaction.

[0158] The specific process for updating buying and selling prices based on the supply-demand ratio in multiple auctions is as follows:

[0159] In multiple auctions, each pair of buyers and sellers is allowed to update their indices based on the supply-demand ratio of the previous match. The nth round of trading occurs at time t for the m-th pair. The supply-demand ratio is expressed as:

[0160]

[0161]

[0162] in, Let m be the supply of electricity from the m-th pair of microgrid nodes in the n-th round of transactions at time t. Let m be the demand for electricity-purchasing microgrid nodes in the nth round of transactions at time t. for The reciprocal of.

[0163] Suppose that the MG paired in the kth round is a member of the mth pair in the nth round of transactions, according to There are two possible scenarios. and ,

[0164] when At that time, the price of the electricity microgrid node was updated as follows:

[0165]

[0166] The purchase price of the microgrid nodes has been updated to

[0167]

[0168] when At that time, the price of the electricity microgrid node was updated as follows:

[0169]

[0170] The purchase price of the microgrid nodes has been updated to

[0171]

[0172] At each transaction time t, each pair of transactions is cleared after N rounds of transactions (the transaction price is determined), and the clearing price is calculated using the MMR method. The specific process is as follows:

[0173] First, average the two quotes. Represented as:

[0174]

[0175] Considering the supply and demand of the m-th pair, the clearing price of the m-th pair at time t can be calculated in the following three cases:

[0176] When the supply of electricity sales microgrid nodes exceeds the demand of electricity purchase microgrid nodes, the clearing price should be tilted towards the buyer's bid price, as shown below:

[0177]

[0178] When the supply of electricity sales microgrid nodes is less than the demand of electricity purchase microgrid nodes, the clearing price should favor the seller's asking price, as shown below:

[0179]

[0180] When the supply of electricity sales microgrid nodes equals the demand of electricity purchase microgrid nodes, the clearing price is the average of the bids from both parties, expressed as follows:

[0181]

[0182] Furthermore, in some embodiments, it also includes:

[0183] S3. After transaction scheduling is completed, the improved consensus mechanism verifies the consistency of the transaction scheduling data. Specifically, this includes:

[0184] S301. Calculate the credit rating of the microgrid node based on the contracted electricity volume and the actual electricity volume supplied by the microgrid node.

[0185] S302. Calculate the credit rating of electricity users based on the contracted electricity volume and the actual electricity consumption of the purchased microgrid nodes.

[0186] S303. Based on the creditworthiness of the electricity sales microgrid nodes and electricity users, and using a preset creditworthiness reward and punishment model, identify and remove malicious nodes.

[0187] S304. Based on the creditworthiness of the electricity sales microgrid nodes and electricity users, and using a preset creditworthiness reward and punishment model, select voting nodes to perform voting tasks.

[0188] Consensus mechanisms refer to the process by which ledger nodes verify and confirm transactions within a very short time, ensuring the consistency and correctness of each transaction across all ledger nodes. This addresses the issue of mutual trust between nodes within the framework of decentralization. Commonly used consensus mechanisms include Proof-of-Work (PoW), Proof-of-Stake (PoS), Delegated Proof-of-Stake (DPoS), and Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT).

[0189] The innovation of this embodiment lies in addressing the problems of low voting enthusiasm and inability to remove malicious nodes in the Delegated Proof-of-Stake (DPoS) mechanism. It proposes an improved consensus mechanism for DPoS and designs a blockchain system with the improved DPoS consensus mechanism.

[0190] like Figure 2 As shown, based on the basic blockchain architecture, a blockchain system based on the DPoS-EC consensus mechanism is designed. At the application layer, micronets participating in transaction scheduling log in through blockchain clients, collectively forming the blockchain network. When the upload time arrives, the micronets upload information such as power and load through a P2P network, achieving data sharing. Based on the shared data, the system calls the transaction scheduling strategy smart contract at the contract layer to form a transaction scheduling scheme. After verification by multi-party digital signatures at the data layer, the scheme is written into the smart contract. When the conditions for automatic execution of the smart contract are triggered, the transaction scheduling strategy is automatically executed. After transaction scheduling is completed, settlement and transfer are performed, and the data is stored in a Merkle tree. The micronet nodes that record the transactions package the data into blocks, and the consensus layer, based on the DPoS-EC consensus mechanism, verifies data consistency. Finally, the blocks are uploaded to the blockchain, and the system provides rewards to the micronet nodes that successfully recorded the transactions.

[0191] In this embodiment, there are two ways to affect the credibility of the micronet: First, the two parties have signed a transaction scheduling contract, but in the actual transaction scheduling, one party fails to fulfill its obligations under the contract, thereby causing economic losses to the other party; Second, the node does not participate in the consensus process.

[0192] For example, the specific process is as follows:

[0193] (1) Calculate the credit rating of the electricity sales microgrid node and the electricity purchase microgrid node.

[0194] Considering that microgrids primarily utilize renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic and wind power, which are environmentally friendly, have uncontrollable output, and low operating costs, they are generally operated at maximum power. Multi-microgrid systems prioritize renewable energy generation to power internal loads. When renewable energy is insufficient to meet the demand, the shortfall is met by energy storage discharge within the microgrid, from other microgrids, controllable power sources, or the distribution network. When renewable energy generation is sufficient, the remaining electricity is sold.

[0195] There are four scenarios for the buyer and seller: (1) The actual electricity consumption of the purchasing microgrid is greater than the contracted electricity consumption. In this case, there is no impact on the selling microgrid. The extra electricity consumption is purchased from the grid at the distribution network electricity price. (2) The actual electricity consumption of the purchasing microgrid is less than the contracted electricity consumption. In this case, there is an impact on the selling microgrid. The loss of the selling microgrid is borne by the purchasing microgrid, and the credit rating of the purchasing microgrid node is reduced. (3) The actual power generation of the selling microgrid is greater than the contracted electricity consumption. In this case, there is no impact on the purchasing microgrid. The excess electricity is sold to the grid at the distribution network electricity price. (4) The actual power generation of the selling microgrid is less than the contracted electricity consumption. In this case, there is an impact on the purchasing microgrid. The loss of the purchasing microgrid is borne by the selling microgrid, and the credit rating of the selling microgrid node is reduced.

[0196] The following are the changes in reputation of microgrid nodes that failed to fulfill their contracts:

[0197]

[0198]

[0199] In the formula:

[0200] For the contracted electricity volume of the microgrid, m refers to the microgrid number. The actual power supply of the microgrid. For reputation, and ; The parameter representing the degree of reputation reduction is adjustable; the higher the value, the lower the reputation score. The faster it drops, the better the default settings. =0.2; The contracted electricity volume for the power purchase microgrid, where n refers to the power sales microgrid number; This refers to the actual electricity consumption of the microgrid.

[0201] (2) Based on the reputation score, malicious nodes are identified and eliminated according to the preset reputation score reward and punishment model, and voting nodes are selected to perform voting tasks.

[0202] Reputation scores range from 0 to 1. To effectively identify malicious nodes and prevent them from vying for accounting rights and engaging in malicious behavior, reputation scores are divided into four levels:

[0203] (1) Category A (0.9-1): This indicates that the nodes of this category basically fulfill the power generation / consumption plan according to the contract, or actively participate in voting.

[0204] (2) Category B (0.7-0.9): This indicates that the nodes of this category sometimes fail to fulfill the power generation / consumption plan according to the contract, but actively participate in voting.

[0205] (3) Class C (0.4-0.7): This indicates that such nodes sometimes fail to fulfill the power generation / consumption plan according to the contract and occasionally engage in malicious behavior. Malicious behavior refers to not participating in node voting or voting for nodes with low credibility.

[0206] (4) Category D (0-0.4): This type of node often fails to fulfill the power generation / consumption plan according to the contract and often engages in malicious behavior. This type of node is a malicious node.

[0207] Node rating is an important indicator for judging whether a node is malicious. When nodes vote, the rating of each node is obtained through the P2P network and the public keys of each node, so as to remove malicious nodes in a timely manner.

[0208] Each microgrid node is initially designated as Class B with a reputation value of 0.8. As a node fulfills its power generation / consumption plan according to the contract and actively participates in voting, its reputation value gradually increases. When it reaches 0.9, the node's reputation level is updated to Class A, giving it an advantage in subsequent voting competition. Conversely, when a node fails to fulfill its power generation / consumption plan according to the contract and engages in malicious behavior, its reputation value gradually decreases. When it reaches 0.7, the node's reputation level is updated to Class C, putting it at a disadvantage in subsequent voting competition. When it reaches 0.4, the node's reputation level is updated to Class D, making it a malicious node.

[0209] In DPoS, equity is defined as a power generation / consumption credit score. Only nodes with a credit score of 0.8 or higher are eligible to become voting nodes. Each voting node spends time and effort selecting one node from all nodes—that is, voting. Voting nodes are responsible for voting, evaluating, and verifying nodes, and all voting nodes have equal status.

[0210] When a voting node fails to participate in voting, its reputation is penalized according to the following formula:

[0211] When a voting node fails to fulfill its voting obligations, its credibility will decrease, as shown below:

[0212]

[0213] When the accounting node selected by the voting node successfully records the transactions, it is rewarded with a reputation score according to the following formula.

[0214] If a voting node fulfills its voting task and the node it voted for successfully becomes a ledger node, then the voting node's credibility will increase, as shown below:

[0215]

[0216] Furthermore, in some embodiments, a combination of three encryption algorithms is used to encrypt transaction data.

[0217] The information security of blockchain technology stems from encryption algorithms and consensus mechanisms. When data is stored on the blockchain, encryption is typically required to ensure its security and privacy. To guarantee the data security and privacy of electricity transactions, this embodiment combines multiple encryption algorithms. The homomorphism of these algorithms ensures that the distribution network can settle electricity bills normally without needing to know the transaction price, protecting the privacy of multi-microgrid transactions and allowing regulatory agencies to access and decrypt the transaction price for oversight at any time.

[0218] 1. Pedersen commitment

[0219] In cryptography, a commitment scheme is a two-party interaction protocol between the committer and the receiver. The Pedersen commitment is one such commitment that possesses perfect concealment, strong binding, and homomorphic properties. The Pedersen commitment consists of three phases: initialization, commitment, and opening. The specific algorithm is as follows:

[0220] The algorithm takes a safety parameter λ as input and outputs a multiplicative group G of order q and its generators g and y, with the output tuple being: .

[0221] The algorithm takes the blinding factor r and the message v as input from the committer, and outputs the commitment value. .

[0222] The algorithm takes a blinding factor r and a message v as input from the receiver, and verifies whether Comm equals ... If they are equal, the promise is accepted; otherwise, it is rejected.

[0223] The homomorphism of Pedersen commitments is as follows:

[0224] (1)

[0225] (2) Regarding commitments And plaintext a, then .

[0226] This embodiment utilizes the perfect concealment of the Pedersen commitment to ensure that the transaction price of electricity between microgrids will not be disclosed, and uses binding to ensure that the transaction price will not be maliciously tampered with. It also achieves the correct settlement of electricity bills under privacy protection through the homomorphism of the commitment.

[0227] 2. AH-ElGamal Homomorphic Encryption

[0228] The ElGamal public-key cryptosystem was proposed by T. ElGamal in 1985. AH-ElGamal is a variant of the ElGamal cryptosystem, possessing additive homomorphic properties. The key generation and encryption phases of AH-ElGamal are essentially the same as those of multiplicative homomorphic ElGamal. However, in the decryption phase, the result of AH-ElGamal decryption is gm, and solving for the plaintext m requires looking up a pre-constructed exponent table. The AH-ElGamal homomorphic encryption algorithm consists of three parts: key generation, encryption, and decryption, as detailed below:

[0229] (1) :

[0230] The algorithm takes a security parameter λ as input and outputs a private key x and a public key. .

[0231] (2) :

[0232] Input plaintext m, output ciphertext: Where r is a random number selected from Zq*, and c1 satisfies the Pedersen commitment form.

[0233] (3) :

[0234] Input ciphertext C, and use private key x to compute... Find the pre-constructed exponent table of g and output the plaintext m. Since gm needs to be traversed and solved during the decryption stage, the computational load is large and the efficiency is low. Therefore, the length of message m is limited to 32 bits.

[0235] 3. ECDSA Digital Signature Algorithm

[0236] Digital signatures are mathematical schemes for verifying the authenticity of digital messages. Common digital signature algorithms include DSA, RSA, and Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA). This paper chooses the ECDSA signature algorithm to sign the message and send it along with the message. The use of elliptic curves in cryptography was independently proposed by Victor S. Miller in 1985 and Neal Koblitz in 1987. The ECDSA signature algorithm is a variant of DSA using elliptic curve cryptography, combining the Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) algorithm with DSA. The signing process is basically the same as DSA, only the algorithm in the signature is changed to ECC. In the privacy settlement process of the scheme, the ECDSA signature algorithm must be used to digitally sign the data before sending the data and before the data is added to the blockchain. The signer uses their signing private key to sign the data to be sent or added to the blockchain, and then sends the digital signature along with the data to the recipient or to the blockchain. The verifier uses the signer's signing public key to verify the signature. If the verification is successful, the data is accepted; otherwise, it is rejected.

[0237] Specifically, the consortium blockchain committee nodes (i.e., microgrids, power distribution systems, and regulatory agencies) negotiate and determine the blockchain parameters and system cryptographic parameters. The blockchain parameters include the consensus protocol and block format. In the cryptographic parameters, a large prime number q is specified, and q-1 must have a large prime factorization. The consortium blockchain committee nodes specify the homomorphic encryption algorithm AH-ElGamal, select a cyclic group Fq based on the large prime number q, and choose two generators g and h from Fq to determine the homomorphic encryption algorithm parameters as (g, h, p). The commitment algorithm is selected as Pederson commitment, determining the commitment parameters as (g, y, p), where g is a generator in the homomorphic encryption algorithm, and y is the homomorphic encryption public key generated by the regulatory agency. The signature algorithm is specified as ECDSA elliptic curve digital signature algorithm. After parameter selection, the system performs unified parameter settings.

[0238] Each microgrid and distribution system joining the system registers its identity, and the system assigns it an identity number and a blockchain account. The regulatory agency then generates a homomorphic encryption key; the private key is stored locally, while the public key is sent to the system for storage. After joining the system, each microgrid and distribution system generates its own signature public and private keys. The private key is stored locally, and the public key is broadcast on the blockchain. Simultaneously, the system sends the regulatory agency's encrypted public key to both the microgrid and the distribution system.

[0239] The encryption process is as follows:

[0240] (1) System initialization:

[0241] The consortium blockchain committee nodes (i.e., microgrids, power distribution systems, and regulatory agencies) negotiate and determine the blockchain parameters and system cryptographic parameters. The blockchain parameters include the consensus protocol and block format. In the cryptographic parameters, a large prime number q is specified, and q-1 must have a large prime factorization. The consortium blockchain committee nodes specify the homomorphic encryption algorithm AH-ElGamal, select a cyclic group Fq based on the large prime number q, and choose two generators g and h from Fq to determine the homomorphic encryption algorithm parameters (g, h, p). The commitment algorithm is selected as Pederson commitment, determining the commitment parameters (g, y, p), where g is a generator in the homomorphic encryption algorithm, and y is the homomorphic encryption public key generated by the regulatory agency. The signature algorithm is specified as ECDSA elliptic curve digital signature algorithm. After parameter selection, the system performs unified parameter settings.

[0242] Each microgrid and distribution system joining the system registers its identity, and the system assigns it an identity number and a blockchain account. The regulatory agency then generates a homomorphic encryption key; the private key is stored locally, while the public key is sent to the system for storage. After joining the system, each microgrid and distribution system generates its own signature public and private keys. The private key is stored locally, and the public key is broadcast on the blockchain. Simultaneously, the system sends the regulatory agency's encrypted public key to both the microgrid and the distribution system.

[0243] (2) Smart contract matching and privacy on-chain

[0244] The main business in this scenario involves the signing of smart contracts and the on-chain privacy recording of transactions for microgrids under the supervision of regulatory agencies. This can be divided into four parts: microgrid application submission, smart contract matching, data commitment calculation, encrypted data calculation, and on-chain storage.

[0245] 1) Microgrid submits transaction application

[0246] The microgrid within the group submits expected quotes to the smart contract. and the amount of electricity to be dispatched .

[0247] 2) Smart contract signing

[0248] The smart contract matches microgrid i and microgrid j with the expected price and the amount of electricity to be dispatched submitted by the microgrid, confirms the transaction price for time period k as xij[k], and dispatches the amount of electricity yij[k].

[0249] 3) Calculation of transaction commitments

[0250] After the smart contract is signed, the transaction price and dispatched electricity volume need to be stored on the blockchain in a privacy-preserving manner to complete the subsequent electricity settlement business. The smart contract sends the transaction price and dispatched electricity volume to both parties to the transaction. The electricity sales microgrid i selects a random number rij[k] from Zq* as a blinding factor to calculate the transaction price Pedersen commitment Comm(xij[k]) and the dispatched electricity volume Pedersen commitment Comm(yij[k]).

[0251] 4) Calculation of encrypted transaction data

[0252] The electricity microgrid a uses the AH-ElGamal encryption algorithm to encrypt the transaction price xij[k] using the public key of the regulatory agency, and obtains the homomorphic ciphertext C(xij[k]) of the transaction price for subsequent review by the regulatory agency.

[0253] 5) On-chain storage

[0254] The electricity sales microgrid i signs the generated commitment and ciphertext using the ECDSA digital signature algorithm, and sends it along with a blinding factor to the corresponding electricity purchase microgrid j. After the electricity purchase microgrid j verifies the signature, it also generates a joint signature and sends it back to the electricity sales microgrid, which is then responsible for submitting it to the blockchain.

[0255] The on-chain private electricity price can be accessed and decrypted for review by regulatory agencies. However, apart from the two parties involved in negotiating the electricity price, other microgrids and distribution systems cannot obtain the plaintext data of the electricity price.

[0256] Furthermore, in some embodiments, it also includes:

[0257] The power distribution system initiates a monthly electricity bill settlement request to the electricity purchasing microgrid node, and at the same time applies to the blockchain to obtain the commitment value of the transaction electricity price reached between the electricity purchasing microgrid node and other microgrid nodes; the power distribution system obtains the total electricity bill commitment value based on the commitment value and the corresponding electricity consumption calculation, and sends it to the electricity purchasing microgrid node after digital signature. After successful verification, the monthly electricity bill is settled.

[0258] Specifically, the electricity bill settlement for microgrid dispatch under the power distribution system management is carried out on a monthly basis and can be divided into five parts: settlement data acquisition, monthly electricity bill commitment calculation, monthly electricity bill amount calculation, monthly electricity bill amount verification and settlement, and data storage on the blockchain.

[0259] For example, the specific process is as follows:

[0260] 1) Settlement data acquisition

[0261] The power distribution system initiates a monthly electricity bill settlement request for microgrid a, and at the same time applies to the blockchain to obtain the commitment values ​​of the transaction electricity prices reached between microgrid a and other microgrids in that month: Comm(xaj[1]), Comm(xaj[2]), Comm(xaj[3]).... Since the power distribution system is responsible for providing dispatching system and power transmission services for microgrid dispatching in the region, it can obtain the electricity consumption data yaj[1], yaj[2], yaj[3]... corresponding to each dispatching electricity price locally.

[0262] 2) Monthly electricity bill calculation

[0263] The power distribution system calculates the total electricity charge, Pedersen commitment Comm(Wa), using the acquired commitment value and the corresponding electricity consumption. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0264]

[0265] In the formula, This represents the set of all microgrids that are scheduled with microgrid a.

[0266] Based on the homomorphic property of the Pedersen commitment, we can deduce that Comm(Wa) is the monthly electricity bill for microgrid a.

[0267] The promised value. Therefore, the distribution system can correctly derive the promised total electricity cost even when the traded electricity price is not visible.

[0268] 3) Calculation of monthly electricity bill

[0269] The power distribution system signs the electricity consumption data and sends it to microgrid a. Microgrid a uses the locally known electricity trading price, the corresponding blinding factor, and the electricity consumption sent by the power distribution system to calculate the monthly bill Wa and the total blinding factor Ra, and signs them before sending them back to the power distribution system.

[0270] 4) Verification and settlement of monthly electricity bills

[0271] The power distribution system uses Wa and Ra to open and verify the total electricity bill commitment. If the verification is successful, it accepts the commitment and simultaneously settles the monthly electricity bill of Wa with microgrid a, while charging a service fee. If the verification fails, the commitment is rejected.

[0272] 5) On-chain data storage

[0273] After microgrid a successfully pays the fee, the power distribution system uses the AH-ElGamal encryption algorithm to encrypt the transaction amount Wa with the regulatory agency's public key to obtain ciphertext C(Wa), and then signs it with the signing private key before putting it on the blockchain for subsequent review by the regulatory agency.

[0274] Example 2

[0275] This embodiment discloses a blockchain-based, multi-microgrid power distribution system with regulatory and controllable functions, including:

[0276] The request receiving module is configured to: acquire the electricity sales request of the electricity sales microgrid node and the electricity purchase request of the electricity purchase microgrid node in the power distribution system, wherein the electricity sales request or the electricity purchase request is predicted based on a preset operation scheduling model;

[0277] The transaction matching module is configured to: perform transaction matching on the electricity sales request and the electricity purchase request based on a preset blockchain smart contract, and obtain a transaction scheduling scheme;

[0278] The transaction scheduling module is configured to: send the transaction scheduling plan to the terminal where the electricity sales microgrid node is located and the terminal where the electricity purchase microgrid node is located, respectively, and perform transaction scheduling according to the transaction scheduling plan;

[0279] Among them, the electricity sales microgrid node encrypts the transaction price and dispatched electricity volume through a commitment algorithm, and signs it through a digital signature algorithm before sending it along with the blinding factor to the corresponding electricity purchase microgrid node for verification.

[0280] It should be noted that the request receiving module, transaction matching module, and transaction scheduling module described above correspond to the steps in Embodiment 1. The examples and application scenarios implemented by these modules and their corresponding steps are the same, but they are not limited to the content disclosed in Embodiment 1. It should also be noted that these modules, as part of the system, can be executed in a computer system, such as a set of computer-executable instructions.

[0281] Example 3

[0282] Embodiment 3 of the present invention provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor, as well as computer instructions stored in the memory and running on the processor. When the computer instructions are executed by the processor, they complete the steps of the above-mentioned blockchain-based multi-microgrid power distribution system regulatory and control method.

[0283] Example 4

[0284] Embodiment 4 of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing computer instructions, which, when executed by a processor, complete the steps of the above-described blockchain-based method for the monitoring and control of a multi-microgrid power distribution system.

[0285] This invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0286] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0287] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment, whereby a series of operational steps are performed to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0288] The descriptions of each embodiment in the above embodiments have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0289] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A blockchain-based method for the monitoring and control of multi-microgrid power distribution systems, characterized in that: include: Obtain the electricity sales requests of the electricity sales microgrid nodes and the electricity purchase requests of the electricity purchase microgrid nodes in the power distribution system, wherein the electricity sales requests or the electricity purchase requests are predicted based on a preset operation scheduling model; Based on a pre-set blockchain smart contract, the electricity sales request and the electricity purchase request are matched to obtain a transaction scheduling scheme; The transaction scheduling plan is sent to the terminal where the electricity sales microgrid node is located and the terminal where the electricity purchase microgrid node is located, respectively, and the transaction scheduling is carried out according to the transaction scheduling plan; Among them, the electricity sales microgrid node encrypts the transaction price and dispatched electricity volume through a commitment algorithm, and signs it through a digital signature algorithm before sending it along with the blinding factor to the corresponding electricity purchase microgrid node for verification; Also includes: After the transaction scheduling is completed, the improved consensus mechanism verifies the data consistency of the transaction scheduling data; The improved consensus mechanism verifies the data consistency of transaction scheduling data by including: The credit rating of the microgrid node is calculated based on the contracted electricity volume and the actual electricity volume supplied by the microgrid node. The credit rating of electricity users is calculated based on the contracted electricity volume and the actual electricity consumption of the microgrid nodes. Based on the creditworthiness of the electricity sales microgrid nodes and electricity users, and using a pre-defined creditworthiness reward and punishment model, malicious nodes are identified and removed. Based on the creditworthiness of the electricity sales microgrid nodes and electricity users, and using a pre-defined creditworthiness reward and punishment model, voting nodes are selected to perform voting tasks. Predicting electricity sales or purchase requests based on a pre-defined operation and scheduling model includes: With the goal of minimizing the operating cost of microgrids, the operation and scheduling model is iteratively calculated under constraints of power balance, interruptible load adjustment, transferable load adjustment, energy storage charging and discharging, energy storage state of charge, micro gas turbine output, and micro gas turbine ramping to obtain a scheduling plan for a distribution system containing multiple microgrids. Based on the dispatch plan, determine the electricity sales or purchase demand of each microgrid node; The transaction matching of the electricity sales request and the electricity purchase request based on the preset blockchain smart contract includes: Based on the electricity sales request and the electricity purchase request, priority indicators for electricity sales microgrid nodes and electricity purchase microgrid nodes are obtained through the definition of the preferred indicator. The electricity sales microgrid nodes and electricity purchase microgrid nodes are ranked according to priority indicators, and the optimal trading parties are selected. The optimal trading parties sign contracts and conduct transactions.

2. The method for monitoring and controlling a blockchain-based power distribution system with multiple microgrids as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The power distribution system initiates a monthly electricity bill settlement request to the electricity purchasing microgrid node, and at the same time applies to the blockchain to obtain the committed value of the transaction electricity price reached between the electricity purchasing microgrid node and other microgrid nodes; The power distribution system obtains the total electricity bill commitment value based on the committed value and the corresponding electricity consumption calculation, and sends it to the power purchase microgrid node after digital signature. After successful verification, the monthly electricity bill is settled.

3. The method for monitoring and controlling a blockchain-based power distribution system with multiple microgrids as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The electricity sales microgrid nodes use a homomorphic encryption algorithm and the regulatory agency's public key to encrypt the transaction price of electricity for regulatory review.

4. A blockchain-based monitored and controlled distribution system for multi-microgrid power distribution systems, employing the blockchain-based monitored and controlled distribution system for multi-microgrid power distribution systems as described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, include: The request receiving module is configured to: acquire the electricity sales request of the electricity sales microgrid node and the electricity purchase request of the electricity purchase microgrid node in the power distribution system, wherein the electricity sales request or the electricity purchase request is predicted based on a preset operation scheduling model; The transaction matching module is configured to: perform transaction matching on the electricity sales request and the electricity purchase request based on a preset blockchain smart contract, and obtain a transaction scheduling scheme; The transaction scheduling module is configured to: send the transaction scheduling plan to the terminal where the electricity sales microgrid node is located and the terminal where the electricity purchase microgrid node is located, respectively, and perform transaction scheduling according to the transaction scheduling plan; Among them, the electricity sales microgrid node encrypts the transaction price and dispatched electricity volume through a commitment algorithm, and signs it through a digital signature algorithm before sending it along with the blinding factor to the corresponding electricity purchase microgrid node for verification.

5. The blockchain-based, multi-microgrid-based, controllable power distribution system as described in claim 4, characterized in that, Also includes: The power distribution system initiates a monthly electricity bill settlement request to the electricity purchasing microgrid node, and at the same time applies to the blockchain to obtain the committed value of the transaction electricity price reached between the electricity purchasing microgrid node and other microgrid nodes; The power distribution system obtains the total electricity bill commitment value based on the committed value and the corresponding electricity consumption calculation, and sends it to the power purchase microgrid node after digital signature. After successful verification, the monthly electricity bill is settled.

6. The blockchain-based, multi-microgrid power distribution system with monitoring and control capabilities as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The electricity sales microgrid nodes use a homomorphic encryption algorithm and the regulatory agency's public key to encrypt the transaction price of electricity for regulatory review.

7. An electronic device, characterized in that, It includes a memory and a processor, as well as computer instructions stored in the memory and running on the processor. When the processor executes the computer instructions, they complete the steps of the blockchain-based, multi-microgrid power distribution system regulatory control method as described in any one of claims 1-3.

8. An electronic device as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The electricity sales microgrid nodes use a homomorphic encryption algorithm and the regulatory agency's public key to encrypt the transaction price of electricity for regulatory review.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, Used to store computer instructions, which, when executed by a processor, complete the steps of the blockchain-based, multi-microgrid power distribution system regulatory control method as described in any one of claims 1-3.

10. A computer-readable storage medium as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The electricity sales microgrid nodes use a homomorphic encryption algorithm and the regulatory agency's public key to encrypt the transaction price of electricity for regulatory review.

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