Test method for waterproof capability of tunnel deformation joints

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel deformation joint waterproofing test, and specifically refers to a method for testing the waterproofing capacity of tunnel deformation joints. The method is carried out according to the following steps: S1, constructing a test model, and constructing a casting mold based on the structural dimensions of the test model; S2, discharging the waterstop of the steel side waterstop to be tested into the casting mold to cast the test model; S3, placing the test model into the test device and fixing it; S4, injecting water, recording the changes in the water injection pressure, the water seepage of the concrete lining, and the leakage under the waterstop row in the joint, and conducting an experimental study on the waterproofing performance of the steel side waterstop when the joint is not dislocated. The test method of the present application can accurately simulate destructive leakage and bypass leakage, can analyze the leakage mechanism under different working conditions, and provide good data support for the practical application of the steel side waterstop. Moreover, the present test method will not change the structural performance of the test object, and the test results are more accurate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of waterproof test for tunnel deformation joints, and particularly to a test method for waterproofing ability of tunnel deformation joints. Background Art

[0002] At present, for lining deformation joints of mined tunnels and open-cut tunnels, external waterproofing and embedded steel-edge rubber waterstops are generally adopted, and Ω, circular and other shapes are set in the middle of the rubber waterstop to increase the anti-deformation ability of the rubber waterstop. However, when the lining is poured, the steel-edge rubber waterstop will be stretched, resulting in internal force in the rubber waterstop after pouring. When the lining deformation is too large, the waterstop is easily damaged and leaks. On the other hand, due to the difficulty of vibrating around the steel-edge rubber waterstop, there is a seepage channel at the interface between the waterstop and the concrete. Although the waterstop structure is intact under high water pressure, it is prone to bypass seepage.

[0003] In order to analyze the waterproofing ability of the waterstop structure, a Chinese invention patent with the patent number "CN105486848A" and the name "A detection method for waterproof performance of rubber waterstops for tunnels" introduces a method for detecting the waterproof performance of rubber waterstops. The specific method is as follows: First, both ends of the rubber waterstop to be detected are vulcanized to form a closed rubber waterstop ring; then, the waterstop ring is fixed by a steel bar clamp, and the lower half of the waterstop is poured into it by using the mixed concrete to form a concrete base; in the third step, after the base formed by the initially poured concrete is cured, a cushion material is laid on the upper surface of the base, and then a tube for forming a water tank is vertically fixed at the center position of the rubber waterstop ring, and then a secondary concrete pouring is carried out on the cushion material laid on the upper surface of the base, that is, the upper half of the waterstop is poured into it to form a concrete upper seat; in the fourth step, a water supply and pressure detection mechanism is fixed at the top of the formed tube; in the fifth step, the cushion material between the concrete base and the concrete upper seat is removed to form an observation window; in the sixth step, water is injected into the tube for forming a water tank through the water supply and pressure detection mechanism, and the leakage of the detected rubber waterstop can be observed through the observation window. The above method can indeed test the waterproof performance of the rubber waterstop to a certain extent, but this method requires vulcanizing the rubber waterstop and winding it into a ring structure, which is equivalent to changing the structural performance of the rubber waterstop. At the same time, the rubber waterstop wound into a ring is not in the actual use state. Even if the waterproof performance of the rubber waterstop is measured, this waterproof performance cannot truly reflect the performance of the rubber waterstop under actual use conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to solve the deficiencies of the above background art and provide a test method and device for waterproofing ability of tunnel deformation joints.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A test method for the waterproofing ability of tunnel deformation joints, and the method is carried out according to the following steps:

[0006] S1. Construct a test model based on the actual use of the steel edge waterstop to be tested, and construct a casting mold based on the structural dimensions of the test model;

[0007] S2. Place the waterstop row of the steel edge waterstop to be tested into the casting mold to cast the test model. Both ends of the waterstop row in the test model are respectively cast into two relatively independent concrete linings, and the waterstop row passes through the joint of the two concrete linings along the length direction;

[0008] S3. Place the test model into the test device and fix it, seal the joint above the waterstop row to construct a sealing layer, so as to form a sealed cavity between the waterstop row and the sealing layer;

[0009] S4. Inject water into the sealed cavity, record the change of water injection pressure, the water seepage condition of the concrete lining, and the leakage condition below the waterstop row in the joint, and conduct experimental research on the waterproof performance of the steel edge waterstop when the joint does not move.

[0010] According to a test method for the waterproofing ability of tunnel deformation joints provided by the present application, the test model includes two groups of concrete linings and a waterstop row; the concrete lining is a cubic concrete block with a flat end face; the waterstop row is a bent arc-shaped rubber member whose axial ends are respectively cast into two groups of concrete linings, and the concave surface of the waterstop row in the joint of the two groups of concrete linings faces upward; a support bracket is arranged in the joint to support the waterstop row in the joint.

[0011] According to a test method for the waterproofing ability of tunnel deformation joints provided by the present application, in the step S1, the method for constructing the casting model includes: the casting model includes a bottom mold, a side mold and an intermediate mold; the side mold is an annular template structure vertically fixed on the bottom mold; the intermediate mold is arranged in the middle of the side mold along the direction perpendicular to the axis of the waterstop row, and divides the space between the side mold and the bottom mold into casting spaces for two groups of concrete linings; the intermediate mold is used to construct the joint, and the intermediate mold includes a lower template fixed on the bottom mold and an upper template installed at the upper end of the lower template; the connecting surface between the upper template and the lower template is an arc-shaped end face with both ends high and the middle low through which the waterstop row passes.

[0012] According to a test method for the waterproofing ability of tunnel deformation joints provided by the present application, a fixing bracket is arranged inside the side mold; the fixing bracket includes two groups of vertical rods respectively arranged on the radial horizontal sides of the waterstop row, each group of vertical rods includes multiple vertical rods arranged in the casting spaces of the two groups of concrete linings, and the upper ends of each group of vertical rods are connected into a whole through a cross beam arranged along the axis of the waterstop row.

[0013] According to a test method for the waterproofing ability of tunnel deformation joints provided by the present application, in step S2, the method for pouring the test model includes: bending the waterstop strip rows to be tested into an arc structure with the concave surface facing upwards, clamping the arc-shaped waterstop strip rows with the upper template and the lower template, so that both axial sides of the waterstop strip rows are placed in two groups of concrete lining pouring spaces. After fixation, first pour the concrete lining on one side. After the poured concrete reaches the set strength, then pour the concrete lining on the other side to form the required test model;

[0014] During the pouring process of the concrete lining, a first observation hole for observing the penetration of the concrete is reserved.

[0015] According to a test method for the waterproofing ability of tunnel deformation joints provided by the present application, the method for reserving the first observation hole for observing the penetration situation includes: embedding multiple groups of straight pipes into the concrete during the pouring process of the concrete lining. The multiple groups of straight pipes are distributed at intervals in the vertical direction. Each group of straight pipes includes multiple straight pipes arranged at intervals in the horizontal direction. One end of the straight pipe extends along the axis of the waterstop strip row towards the joint, and the other end is flush with the surface of the concrete lining away from the joint; the embedding depths of the same group of branch pipes along the waterstop strip row are different.

[0016] According to a test method for the waterproofing ability of tunnel deformation joints provided by the present application, the test device includes a base, a bottom plate, a first support seat and a second support seat; the bottom plate is a flat plate-like structure fixed on the base, and a second observation hole for observing the leakage situation is opened on the bottom plate; the first support seat is fixed on the upper end surface of the bottom plate, and a first clamping device for clamping and fixing a group of concrete linings is provided on the first support seat; the second support seat is fixed on the upper end surface of the bottom plate and is arranged side by side with the first support seat. A second clamping device for clamping and fixing another group of concrete linings and an adjusting device for driving the second clamping device and the clamped another group of concrete linings to move vertically are provided on the second support seat.

[0017] According to a test method for the waterproofing ability of tunnel deformation joints provided by the present application, in step S3, the method for constructing a closed layer by sealing the joint above the waterstop strip row includes: grinding and leveling the upper surface of the concrete lining, laying a cover plate on the upper surfaces of the two groups of concrete linings, and a rubber sealing pad is pasted on the lower end surface of the cover plate. The rubber sealing pad is closely attached to the upper surface of the concrete lining, so as to form a sealed cavity between the cover plate and the waterstop strip row in the joint.

[0018] According to a test method for waterproofing ability of tunnel deformation joints provided by the present application, S5. According to the maximum buried depth of the steel edge waterstop and the water level situation, determine the maximum water pressure of the project where the steel edge waterstop is located. Fix a group of concrete linings, and use the adjustment device to gradually adjust another group of concrete linings. After each adjustment is completed, inject water into the sealed cavity, and the injection pressure is the maximum water pressure. Observe the water seepage situation of the concrete linings and the leakage situation below the waterstop row in the joint, and test the waterproof performance of the steel edge waterstop under the condition of joint dislocation.

[0019] According to a test method for waterproofing ability of tunnel deformation joints provided by the present application, when testing and researching the waterproof performance of the steel edge waterstop under the condition of no joint dislocation, by gradually increasing the injection pressure, analyze the water seepage situation of the concrete linings under different pressures, and by observing the leakage situation at the bottom of the waterstop row, record the injection pressure when leakage occurs.

[0020] When testing the waterproof performance of the steel edge waterstop under the condition of joint dislocation, by gradually increasing the dislocation height of the two groups of concrete linings in the vertical direction, record the maximum dislocation height when leakage occurs below the waterstop row.

[0021] The present application also provides a casting model, and the casting model includes

[0022] A bottom mold;

[0023] Side molds, and the side molds are annular structures fixed on the bottom mold in the vertical direction;

[0024] An intermediate mold, and the intermediate mold is arranged in the middle of the side molds along the direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the waterstop row, and divides the space between the side molds and the bottom mold into casting spaces for two groups of concrete linings;

[0025] The intermediate mold includes a lower template fixed on the bottom mold and an upper template installed at the upper end of the lower template; the connection surface between the upper template and the lower template is an arc-shaped end surface with both ends high and the middle low through which the waterstop row passes.

[0026] According to a casting model provided by the present application, fixing brackets are arranged inside the side molds; the fixing brackets include two groups of vertical rods respectively arranged on the radial horizontal two sides of the waterstop row, and each group of vertical rods includes multiple vertical rods arranged in the casting spaces of the two groups of concrete linings, and the upper ends of each group of vertical rods are connected into a whole through a cross beam arranged along the axial direction of the waterstop row.

[0027] According to a casting model provided by the present application, the intermediate mold includes at least two layers of unit templates stacked along the axial direction of the waterstop row; wedges for clamping multiple unit templates along the axial direction of the waterstop row are arranged at the upper ends of the unit templates during the casting of the concrete linings.

[0028] According to a pouring mold provided by the present application, reinforcing plates are provided at both ends of the unit formwork that extend out of the side plates.

[0029] The present application also provides a test device, including,

[0030] a base;

[0031] a bottom plate, which is a flat plate-like structure fixed on the base, and a second observation hole for observing the leakage situation is provided on the bottom plate;

[0032] a first support seat, which is fixed on the upper end surface of the bottom plate, and a first clamping device for clamping and fixing a group of concrete linings is provided on the first support seat;

[0033] a second support seat, which is fixed on the upper end surface of the bottom plate and is arranged side by side with the first support seat, and a second clamping device for clamping and fixing another group of concrete linings and an adjusting device for driving the second clamping device and the clamped another group of concrete linings to move vertically are provided on the second support seat.

[0034] According to a test device provided by the present application, the first clamping device includes,

[0035] a first clamping base, which is a flat base fixed on the upper end surface of the bottom plate for placing the concrete lining;

[0036] a plurality of first jaws, each first jaw includes a first guide rod vertically fixed on the first clamping base and a first chuck vertically adjustably connected to the first guide rod, and the plurality of first jaws are arranged around the periphery of the first clamping base;

[0037] After the concrete lining is placed on the first clamping base, the first chuck presses against the upper end surface of the concrete lining by adjusting the vertical height.

[0038] According to a test device provided by the present application, the second clamping device includes,

[0039] a second clamping base, which is a flat base vertically adjustably arranged on the upper end surface of the bottom plate, and the second clamping base is arranged side by side with the first clamping base;

[0040] a plurality of second jaws, each second jaw includes a second guide rod vertically fixed on the second clamping base and a second chuck vertically adjustably connected to the second guide rod, and the plurality of second jaws are arranged around the periphery of the second clamping base;

[0041] After the concrete lining is placed on the second clamping base, the second chuck presses against the upper end surface of the concrete lining by adjusting the vertical height.

[0042] A test device provided according to the present application, the adjustment device includes,

[0043] A third guide rod, which is a rod-shaped structure vertically fixed on the bottom plate. The upper end of the third guide rod passes through the second clamping base to limit the movement of the second clamping base in non-vertical directions;

[0044] A driving rod, which is vertically and spirally inserted through the bottom plate. The upper end of the driving rod abuts against the lower end surface of the second clamping base, and a handwheel for rotating the driving rod to move the driving rod up and down vertically is provided at the lower end of the driving rod.

[0045] A test device provided according to the present application further includes a cover plate; the cover plate is a plate-shaped structure clamped and fixed on the upper surface of the concrete lining through a first clamping device and a second clamping device, and a rubber gasket is provided on the lower end surface of the cover plate.

[0046] The advantages of the present application are as follows: 1. In the present application, the waterstop strip row representing the most important elbow part of the waterproof performance in the steel-edge waterstop strip is used as the test object. During the test process, the waterstop strip row is poured into the concrete lining that can represent the actual pouring situation to simulate the actual use situation of the steel-edge waterstop strip. The waterstop strip row is completely tested according to the normal use situation without changing its structure, and the waterproof performance of the steel-edge waterstop strip can be obtained truly, providing accurate data support for the use of the steel-edge waterstop strip in the tunnel deformation joint. It can simulate damage leakage and bypass leakage and analyze the leakage mechanism under different working conditions;

[0047] 2. The present application constructs a test model to simulate the actual application scenario of the steel-edge waterstop strip. The concrete lining in the test model can represent the concrete pouring parts on both sides of the actual tunnel deformation joint, and the waterstop strip row can represent the elbow part in the actual use scenario of the steel-edge waterstop strip. By constructing such a test model, the actual application scenario can be truly simulated, and the real waterproof performance data can be obtained, and this construction method does not require structural damage to the waterstop strip row;

[0048] 3. The present application constructs a pouring model that conforms to the test model and uses the pouring model to pour the test model, making the pouring process of the test model very simple, and it can efficiently pour out a test model that meets the design requirements. The pouring model of the present application is convenient for pouring and simple to demold;

[0049] 4. The present application sets a fixing bracket in the pouring space of the concrete lining. The fixing bracket can connect two groups of concrete linings into one body after pouring, which is convenient for handling, and then the connection between the cross beam and the vertical rod can be released, so that the two groups of concrete linings are independent of each other and do not affect the subsequent test;

[0050] 5. In the process of pouring the test model, this application strictly follows the tunnel construction method. The two groups of concrete linings are divided into first pouring lining and later pouring lining, which perfectly simulates the working conditions of concrete pouring at different times during tunnel construction. The mechanical changes of concrete poured at different times can be fully reflected by the test model of this case, which further improves the accuracy of the waterproof performance test;

[0051] 6. This application pre-buries straight pipes in the concrete during the pouring of the concrete lining. The straight pipes with different buried depths facilitate the experimenters to observe the water seepage of the concrete later. By observing the water seepage of the straight pipes with different buried depths, the current water seepage progress of the concrete can be judged, which greatly facilitates the experimenters to judge the water seepage situation;

[0052] 7. The test device of the present application has a simple structure and is easy to operate. It can perform waterproof performance tests without or with dislocation, and can perform good sealing, observation, and adjustment during the test. The overall operation is extremely simple;

[0053] 8. The joint sealing method for the concrete lining in this application is very simple. The upper surface of the concrete lining is filled and leveled by a rubber sealing pad, and then the cover plate is pressed to ensure that the upper surface of the joint is sealed. The overall operation is simple and extremely convenient to use;

[0054] 9. This application also conducts experimental research on the situation where the steel edge water stop strip is dislocated on both sides of the concrete lining. The adjustment device in the test device can be used to adjust a group of concrete linings vertically. By gradually changing the dislocation height, the dislocation height when leakage occurs in the water stop strip row can be obtained, providing data support for subsequent practical engineering applications;

[0055] 10. This application can obtain different waterproof performance structures through no-displacement test and displacement test. The no-displacement test can obtain the concrete seepage situation and the water pressure when the waterstop strip is draining leakage. The displacement test can obtain the maximum displacement height, which provides a basis for the subsequent application of steel edge waterstop strips.

[0056] The test method of this application can accurately simulate damage leakage and bypass leakage, analyze the leakage mechanism under different working conditions, and provide good data support for the practical application of steel edge waterstop. Moreover, this test method will not change the structural performance of the test object, and the test results are more accurate. Brief Description of the Figures

[0057] Figure 1 : Schematic diagram of the actual installation of the steel edge water stop strip in this application;

[0058] Figure 2 : Schematic diagram of the casting model structure of this application;

[0059] Figure 3 : Axonometric view of the test device of the present application;

[0060] Figure 4 : Side view of the test device of the present application;

[0061] Wherein: 1 - waterstop row; 2 - bottom mold; 3 - side mold; 4 - intermediate mold; 5 - vertical rod; 6 - cross beam; 7 - first observation hole; 8 - base; 9 - bottom plate; 10 - first support seat; 11 - second support seat; 12 - cover plate; 13 - first jaw; 14 - second jaw; 15 - drive rod; 16 - precast lining; 17 - cast-in-place lining; 18 - wedge block; 19 - second observation hole; 20 - pressure gauge mounting hole; 21 - water inlet hole; 22 - drain hole;

[0062] 101 - precast concrete; 102 - cast-in-place concrete; 103 - rubber waterstop; 104 - elbow; 105 - steel row; 106 - support structure; 107 - drainage blind pipe Detailed implementation manners

[0063] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below, where the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0064] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationships indicated by the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0065] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0066] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0067] This application relates to a test method for the waterproofing ability of tunnel deformation joints. This application mainly detects the waterproof performance of the steel-edge waterstop installed at the tunnel deformation joint. The structure of the steel-edge waterstop is as Figure 1 shown, including a rubber waterstop 103 and steel rows 105 fixed at both ends of the rubber waterstop 103. The middle of the rubber waterstop 103 is bent to form an Ω-shaped elbow 104. During actual construction, the rubber waterstop 103 and the steel row 105 on one side of the elbow are poured into the first-poured concrete 101 on one side, and the rubber waterstop 103 and the steel row 105 on the other side of the elbow 104 are poured into the second-poured concrete 102 on the other side. The elbow 104 is located in the deformation joint between adjacent concrete members. The concave surface of the elbow 104 faces the soil-facing side, and the convex surface of the elbow 104 faces the tunnel side. A support structure 106 will be set in the deformation joint to support the elbow 104 to a certain extent and improve the stability of the elbow 104. At the same time, a drainage blind pipe 107 and other structures are also set in the deformation joint. To verify whether the waterproof performance of the steel-edge waterstop meets the requirements of engineering construction, the most important thing is to detect the waterproof performance of the elbow part. This application selects the waterstop row 1 with the same material as the elbow for the test to verify whether the steel-edge waterstop with the elbow of the same material meets the requirements of engineering construction.

[0068] The waterstop row 1 used for the test in this application is a flexible rubber with the same material as the rubber waterstop. This application pours both ends of the waterstop row 1 into two concrete linings respectively according to the installation mode of the steel-edge waterstop, and then conducts a waterproof test on the waterstop row 1 at the joint position. Through this method, the waterproof performance of this rubber material is tested. Then, according to the water pressure situation under the actual construction conditions of the steel-edge waterstop, it can be judged whether the current steel-edge waterstop meets the waterproof requirements of the tunnel deformation joint. At the same time, for the tunnel deformation joint, due to the relative displacement of the lining structures on both sides of the deformation joint, the elbow part in the deformation joint may be pulled during use. This application also conducts a simulation with dislocation for this situation in order to analyze the maximum dislocation height when the elbow leaks. The maximum dislocation height can be compared with the allowable dislocation height designed for the tunnel. If the maximum dislocation height exceeds the allowable dislocation height, it means that the current steel-edge waterstop meets the tunnel dislocation situation.

[0069] Specifically, the test method of this application is carried out according to the following steps:

[0070] S1. Construct a test model based on the actual use situation of the steel-edge waterstop to be tested, and construct a casting mold based on the structural dimensions of the test model;

[0071] The described test model is actually formed by pouring a waterstop row 1 made of the same waterstop rubber material as the steel edge waterstop into a concrete lining structure with a joint. Different specifications of steel edge waterstops require test models of different sizes, and test models of different specifications and sizes correspond to casting molds of different sizes. The casting mold casts out the test model according to the requirements of the required test model.

[0072] S2. Place the waterstop row 1 of the steel edge waterstop to be tested into the casting mold and cast out the test model. The two ends of the waterstop row 1 in the test model are respectively cast into two relatively independent concrete linings, and the waterstop row 1 passes through the joint of the two concrete linings along the length direction.

[0073] In the present application, the waterstop row 1 is cast into two relatively independent concrete linings. In order to facilitate subsequent sealing treatment of the joint, the waterstop row 1 in the present application is bent into an arc-shaped semi-tube structure. The axial ends of the waterstop row 1 are respectively cast into two groups of concrete linings, and the concave surface of the waterstop row 1 between the two groups of concrete linings faces upward, that is, the two ends in the width direction are high and the middle is low.

[0074] The length direction in the present application is the axial direction of the semi-tube-shaped waterstop row 1, and the width direction is the horizontal direction perpendicular to the length direction.

[0075] S3. Place the test model into the test device and fix it, seal the joint above the waterstop row 1 to construct a sealing layer, so as to form a sealed cavity between the waterstop row 1 and the sealing layer.

[0076] After the joint above the waterstop row 1 is sealed, a sealed cavity is formed between the waterstop row 1 and the sealing layer, and water can be injected into the sealed cavity to observe the waterproof performance of the waterstop row 1.

[0077] S4. Inject water into the sealed cavity, record the change of the injection pressure, the water seepage situation of the concrete lining, and the leakage situation below the waterstop row 1 in the joint, and conduct experimental research on the waterproof performance of the steel edge waterstop under the condition that the joint does not move.

[0078] By injecting water into the sealed cavity and observing the water seepage situation of the concrete lining and the leakage situation of the waterstop row 1, the waterproof performance of the steel edge waterstop can be analyzed. The water seepage situation of the concrete lining is actually that under the action of water pressure, cracks appear between the part of the waterstop row 1 buried in the concrete lining and the concrete lining, and water penetrates into the concrete lining through the cracks, that is, the waterstop seepage phenomenon; if the waterstop row 1 has a damaged crack under the action of water pressure, that is, the waterstop row 1 itself is damaged, a leakage phenomenon will occur; what needs to be explored in the present application is the flow-around and damage situations, so as to judge whether the steel edge waterstop meets the construction requirements.

[0079] Gradually pressurize through the dropped sealed cavity, and then observe the water seepage condition of the concrete lining and the leakage condition of the waterstop row 1. The seepage mechanism of the steel-edge waterstop row 1 can be analyzed based on the water seepage condition of the concrete lining; the maximum water pressure that the waterstop row 1 can withstand can be obtained from the leakage condition of the waterstop row 1.

[0080] S5. According to the maximum buried depth and water level condition of the steel-edge waterstop, determine the maximum water pressure of the project where the steel-edge waterstop is located. Fix one group of concrete linings, and use the adjusting device to gradually adjust the other group of concrete linings. After each adjustment is completed, inject water into the cavity between the cover plate 12 and the waterstop row 1 at the maximum water pressure, observe the water seepage condition of the concrete lining and the leakage condition below the waterstop row 1 in the joint, and conduct a test on the waterproof performance of the steel-edge waterstop under the condition of joint dislocation.

[0081] In the actual use state of the steel-edge waterstop, the concrete components on both sides of the deformation joint will move relatively, and this movement will pull the elbow part. Based on this situation, this application designs a test simulation for the situation of dislocation, that is, by adjusting the dislocation of two groups of concrete linings, and then observing the seepage and leakage conditions, the waterproof performance of the waterstop row 1 under the condition of joint dislocation can be studied and analyzed.

[0082] In some embodiments of this application, the structure of the above test model is optimized. Specifically, the test model includes two groups of concrete linings and the waterstop row 1. The concrete lining is a cubic concrete block with a flat end face. The waterstop row 1 is a bent arc-shaped rubber component whose axial two ends are respectively cast in the two groups of concrete linings. The concave surface of the waterstop row 1 in the joint of the two groups of concrete linings faces upward, and a support bracket is arranged in the joint to support the waterstop row 1 in the joint.

[0083] The waterstop row 1 is a semi-tubular structure cast in two groups of relatively independent concrete linings, and the two groups of concrete linings are further divided into a pre-cast lining 16 and a post-cast lining 17. The two ends in the width direction of the part of the waterstop row 1 in the joint are high and the middle is low, and the two ends in the width direction of the part of the waterstop row 1 in the joint extend to the upper surface of the concrete lining. The advantage of such a design is that when forming a sealed cavity later, only the upper surface of the waterstop row 1 in the joint needs to be sealed, and there is no need to seal the two sides in the width direction of the joint.

[0084] In some other embodiments of this application, the above casting model is optimized. Specifically, as Figure 2As shown, the casting mold includes a bottom mold 2, side molds 3, and an intermediate mold 4. The side mold 3 is an annular template structure vertically fixed on the bottom mold 2. The intermediate mold 4 is arranged in the middle of the side mold 3 along the axial direction perpendicular to the waterstop row 1, dividing the space between the side mold 3 and the bottom mold 2 into two casting spaces for concrete linings. The intermediate mold 4 is used to construct joints. The intermediate mold 4 includes a lower template fixed on the bottom mold 2 and an upper template installed at the upper end of the lower template. The connection surface between the upper template and the lower template is an arc-shaped end surface with higher ends and lower middle through which the waterstop row 1 passes.

[0085] Actually, the side mold 3 can be divided into two groups of side mold 3 units. Each group of side mold 3 units includes a long board and two short boards. The two short boards are vertically fixed at both ends of the long board to form a U-shaped structure. The intermediate mold 4 is located between the two groups of side mold 3 units. The intermediate mold 4 is arranged parallel to the long board, and both ends extend beyond the short boards to the outside of the side mold 3.

[0086] The intermediate mold 4 includes at least two layers of unit templates stacked axially along the waterstop row 1. Wedge blocks 18 for clamping multiple unit templates axially along the waterstop row 1 are provided at the upper ends of the unit templates during the casting of the concrete lining. In use, multiple unit templates are clamped together by the wedge blocks to form the intermediate mold 4, and then the intermediate mold 4 is placed between the two groups of side mold 3 units. The intermediate mold 4 and one side of the side mold 3 units form a casting space for one group of concrete linings, and the intermediate mold 4 and the other side of the side mold 3 units form another casting space for concrete linings.

[0087] To enhance the structural strength of the intermediate mold 4, in this embodiment, reinforcing plates are provided at the two ends of the unit template extending out of the side plate.

[0088] In addition, to facilitate the subsequent handling operation of the test model, in this embodiment, fixed brackets are provided inside the side mold 3. The fixed brackets include two groups of vertical rods 5 separately arranged on the two radial horizontal sides of the waterstop row 1. Each group of vertical rods 5 includes multiple vertical rods 5 separately arranged in the two casting spaces for concrete linings. The upper ends of each group of vertical rods 5 are connected into one body by a cross beam 6 arranged axially along the waterstop row 1.

[0089] During actual pouring, the waterstop strip row 1 to be tested is bent into an arc structure with the concave surface facing upward, and the arc-shaped waterstop strip row 1 is clamped by the upper template and the lower template, so that the axial sides of the waterstop strip row 1 are respectively placed in two groups of concrete lining pouring spaces. Then, the intermediate mold 4 is fixed by the wedge block and the reinforcing plate. After the fixing is completed, the pouring of one side of the concrete lining is carried out first. After the strength of the first-poured lining 16 on one side reaches 50%, the pouring construction of the concrete lining on the other side is carried out, and the first-poured lining 16 is cured. After the concrete lining on the other side, that is, the post-poured lining 17, is stable, at this time, the upper end of the vertical rod 5 extends from the upper surface of the concrete lining. There are screw holes on the cross beam 6. The vertical rod 5 is passed through the screw holes on the cross beam 6, and the nuts are tightened to fix the cross beam 6 on the vertical rod 5, so that the first-poured lining 16 and the post-poured lining 17 are connected into an integral structure.

[0090] In the preferred embodiment of the present application, the pouring method of the test model is further optimized in this embodiment. Specifically, as Figure 2 shown, in this embodiment, a first observation hole 7 for observing the water seepage condition of the concrete is reserved in the concrete lining during the pouring process of the concrete lining.

[0091] During the pouring process of the concrete lining, multiple groups of straight pipes are embedded in the concrete. The multiple groups of straight pipes are distributed at intervals in the vertical direction. Each group of straight pipes includes multiple straight pipes arranged at intervals in the horizontal direction. One end of the straight pipe extends along the axis of the waterstop strip row 1 towards the joint, and the other end is flush with the side of the concrete lining away from the joint; the buried depths of the same group of branch pipes along the waterstop strip row 1 are different.

[0092] The first observation hole 7 is formed in the concrete lining through the embedded straight pipes. The seepage height can be judged by the height position of the first observation hole 7, and the seepage depth can be judged by the buried depth of the first observation hole 7 for seepage, so as to obtain the specific water seepage condition. A plug is provided on the first observation hole 7 in this embodiment, which is convenient for plugging the first observation hole 7 when water seepage occurs.

[0093] In some embodiments of the present application, the above test device is optimized in this embodiment. Specifically, as Figure 3 and 4 shown, the test device includes a base 8, a bottom plate 9, a first support seat 10 and a second support seat 11. The bottom plate 9 is a flat plate-like structure fixed on the base 8. A second observation hole 19 for observing the leakage condition is provided on the bottom plate 9. The first support seat 10 is fixed on the upper end surface of the bottom plate 9. A first clamping device for clamping and fixing a group of concrete linings is provided on the first support seat 10. The second support seat 11 is fixed on the upper end surface of the bottom plate 9 and is arranged side by side with the first support seat 10. A second clamping device for clamping and fixing another group of concrete linings and an adjusting device for driving the second clamping device and the clamped another group of concrete linings to move vertically are provided on the second support seat 11.

[0094] Among them, the first clamping device includes a first clamping base 8 and a plurality of first jaws 13. The first clamping base 8 is a flat base 8 fixed on the upper end surface of the bottom plate 9 for placing the concrete lining. The first jaw 13 includes a first guide rod vertically fixed on the first clamping base 8 and a first chuck vertically adjustably connected to the first guide rod. The plurality of first jaws 13 are arranged around the perimeter of the first clamping base 8. After the concrete lining is placed on the first clamping base 8, the first chuck presses against the upper end surface of the concrete lining by adjusting the vertical height.

[0095] The second clamping device includes a second clamping base 8 and a plurality of second jaws 14. The second clamping base 8 is a flat base 8 vertically adjustably arranged on the upper end surface of the bottom plate 9, and the second clamping base 8 is arranged side by side with the first clamping base 8. The second jaw 14 includes a second guide rod vertically fixed on the second clamping base 8 and a second chuck vertically adjustably connected to the second guide rod. The plurality of second jaws 14 are arranged around the perimeter of the second clamping base 8. After the concrete lining is placed on the second clamping base 8, the second chuck presses against the upper end surface of the concrete lining by adjusting the vertical height.

[0096] The adjusting device includes a third guide rod and a driving rod 15. The third guide rod is a rod-shaped structure vertically fixed on the bottom plate 9, and the upper end of the third guide rod passes through the second clamping base 8 to limit the movement of the second clamping base 8 in non-vertical directions. The driving rod 15 is vertically screwed through the bottom plate 9, the upper end of the driving rod 15 abuts against the lower end surface of the second clamping base 8, and a handwheel for rotating the driving rod 15 to move the driving rod 15 vertically up and down is provided at the lower end of the driving rod 15.

[0097] In addition, the experimental device of this embodiment further includes a cover plate 12. The cover plate 12 is a plate-shaped structure clamped and fixed on the upper surface of the concrete lining by the first clamping device and the second clamping device, and a rubber gasket is provided on the lower end surface of the cover plate 12.

[0098] During the actual test, the test model is transported to the experimental device by a hoisting or handling device. One group of concrete linings is placed on the first clamping base 8, and the other group of concrete linings is placed on the second clamping base 8. The cover plate 12 is placed on the upper surfaces of the two groups of concrete linings, and the rubber gasket fits on the upper surface of the concrete lining. The height positions of the first chuck and the second chuck are adjusted so that the first chuck and the second chuck clamp the upper surface of the cover plate 12, and then the nuts on the first guide rod and the second guide rod are tightened to stably clamp the two groups of concrete linings by the first chuck and the second chuck.

[0099] After the fixation is completed, water is injected into the sealed cavity between the cover plate 12 and the water stop belt 1 through the water inlet hole 21 on the cover plate 12, through the pressure gauge on the cover plate 12 ( Figure 3The pressure gauge mounting hole (20) in it records the water pressure in the sealed cavity. Gradually increase the water injection pressure until water seeps out from the water outlet hole (22). For every 0.1 Mpa of pressure increase, keep the pressure stable for 2 hours, check whether there is water seepage in the first observation hole (7), and analyze the seepage and leakage conditions under different pressures. After seepage occurs, plug the first observation hole (7) with a plug and continue to observe the water seepage conditions of other first observation holes (7). Observe whether there is leakage in the water stop strip row (1) through the second observation hole (19) and record the maximum water pressure when leakage occurs.

[0100] After completing the non-displacement test, conduct the displacement test. Determine the maximum water pressure of the project according to the maximum buried depth and water level of the steel edge water stop belt. Vertically adjust the second clamping base (8) by rotating the driving rod (15) through the handwheel, and adjust the displacement amount between the second clamping base (8) and the first clamping base (8). Gradually increase it by 5 mm, 10 mm... After adjustment, set the water pressure to the maximum water pressure of the project, check whether there is leakage from the first observation hole (7), and record the water seepage conditions of the first observation hole (7). Observe whether there is leakage in the water stop strip row (1) through the second observation hole (19) and record the displacement amount when leakage occurs.

[0101] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. What is described in the above embodiments and the specification only illustrates the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention claimed. The scope of protection claimed by the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for testing the waterproof capability of tunnel deformation joints, characterized in that: The method is carried out according to the following steps: S1. Build a test model based on the actual use of the steel edge waterstop to be tested, and build a casting model based on the structural dimensions of the test model; S2, placing the waterstop strip (1) of the steel edge waterstop strip to be tested into a casting model to cast a test model, wherein the two ends of the waterstop strip (1) in the test model are respectively cast into two relatively independent concrete linings, and the waterstop strip (1) passes through the joint of the two concrete linings along the length direction; S3, placing the test model into the test device and fixing it, sealing the joint above the water stop strip (1) to construct a sealing layer, so that a closed cavity is formed between the water stop strip (1) and the sealing layer; S4. Inject water into the closed cavity, record the change of water injection pressure, water seepage of the concrete lining, and leakage below the waterstop row (1) in the joint, and conduct a test study on the waterproof performance of the steel edge waterstop when the joint is not dislocated; The test model comprises two groups of concrete linings and a waterstop strip (1); the concrete lining is a cubic concrete block with flat end faces; the waterstop strip (1) is a curved rubber component cast in the two groups of concrete linings at both axial ends, and the concave surface of the waterstop strip (1) in the joint between the two groups of concrete linings faces upward; a support bracket is arranged in the joint to support the waterstop strip (1) in the joint; The test device comprises a base (8), a bottom plate (9), a first support seat (10) and a second support seat (11); the bottom plate (9) is a planar plate-shaped structure fixed to the base (8), and a second observation hole for observing leakage is provided on the bottom plate (9); the first support seat (10) is fixed to the upper end surface of the bottom plate (9), and a first clamping device for clamping and fixing a group of concrete linings is provided on the first support seat (10); the second support seat (11) is fixed to the upper end surface of the bottom plate (9) and arranged side by side with the first support seat (10), and a second clamping device for clamping and fixing another group of concrete linings and an adjusting device for driving the second clamping device and the clamped another group of concrete linings to move vertically are provided on the second support seat (11).

2. A method for testing the waterproof capability of tunnel deformation joints according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S1, the method for constructing a casting model comprises: the casting model comprises a bottom mold (2), a side mold (3) and an intermediate mold (4); the side mold (3) is an annular mold structure fixed on the bottom mold (2) in the vertical direction; the intermediate mold (4) is arranged in the middle of the side mold (3) along the axial direction of the vertical water stop strip row (1), and divides the space between the side mold (3) and the bottom mold (2) into two groups of concrete lining casting spaces; the intermediate mold (4) is used to construct a joint, and the intermediate mold (4) comprises a lower mold fixed on the bottom mold (2) and an upper mold installed on the upper end of the lower mold; the connection surface between the upper mold and the lower mold is an arc-shaped end surface with high ends and low middle through which the water stop strip row (1) passes.

3. A method for testing the waterproof capability of tunnel deformation joints according to claim 2, characterized in that: A fixed bracket is arranged inside the side form (3); the fixed bracket comprises two groups of vertical poles (5) arranged on both sides of the water stop strip row (1) in a radial and horizontal direction, each group of vertical poles (5) comprises a plurality of vertical poles (5) arranged in two groups of concrete lining casting spaces, and the upper ends of each group of vertical poles (5) are connected as a whole via a cross beam (6) arranged axially along the water stop strip row (1).

4. A method for testing the waterproof capability of tunnel deformation joints according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S2, the method for casting the test model comprises: bending the water stop strip (1) to be tested into an arc-shaped structure with the concave surface facing upward, clamping the arc-shaped water stop strip (1) by using an upper template and a lower template, so that the axial sides of the water stop strip (1) are respectively placed in two groups of concrete lining casting spaces, and after the fixing is completed, the concrete lining on one side is cast first, and after the cast concrete reaches a set strength, the concrete lining on the other side is cast, so as to form the required test model; During the pouring process of the concrete lining, a first observation hole (7) is reserved for observing the concrete penetration condition.

5. A method for testing the waterproof capability of tunnel deformation joints according to claim 4, characterized in that: The method for reserving a first observation hole (7) for observing the concrete permeability comprises: pre-burying a plurality of groups of straight pipes in the concrete during the pouring of the concrete lining, the plurality of groups of straight pipes being distributed at intervals along the vertical direction, each group of straight pipes comprising a plurality of straight pipes arranged at intervals along the horizontal direction, one end of the straight pipe extending along the axial direction of the waterstop strip row (1) toward the joint, and the other end being flush with the side of the concrete lining away from the joint; the burying depths of the branch pipes in the same group along the waterstop strip row (1) are different.

6. A method for testing the waterproof capability of tunnel deformation joints according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the method for sealing the joint above the waterstop strip row (1) to form a sealing layer comprises: grinding and leveling the upper surface of the concrete lining, laying a cover plate (12) on the upper surfaces of the two groups of concrete linings, and adhering a rubber sealing pad to the lower end surface of the cover plate (12), the rubber sealing pad tightly fitting on the upper surface of the concrete lining, so that a closed cavity is formed between the cover plate (12) and the waterstop strip row (1) in the joint.

7. A method for testing the waterproof capability of tunnel deformation joints according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that: S5. According to the maximum burial depth and water level of the steel edge waterstop, determine the maximum water pressure of the project where the steel edge waterstop is located, fix one group of concrete linings, and use the adjustment device to adjust the other group of concrete linings step by step. After each adjustment, inject water into the closed cavity. The injection pressure is the maximum water pressure. Observe the water seepage of the concrete lining and the leakage under the waterstop row (1) in the joint, and test the waterproof performance of the steel edge waterstop under the condition of joint displacement.

8. A method for testing the waterproof capability of tunnel deformation joints according to claim 7, characterized in that: When conducting the test on the waterproof performance of the steel edge water stop strip when the joint is not dislocated, the water injection pressure is gradually increased to analyze the water seepage of the concrete lining under different pressures, and the leakage at the bottom of the water stop strip row (1) is observed to record the water injection pressure when leakage occurs; When testing the waterproof performance of the steel edge water stop strip under the condition of joint displacement, the vertical displacement height of the two groups of concrete linings is gradually increased, and the maximum displacement height when leakage occurs below the water stop strip row (1) is recorded.

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