A power management circuit and method, electronic device and storage medium

Abstract

This application provides a power management circuit and method, an electronic device, and a storage medium, relating to the field of battery management, for improving the lifespan of batteries in electronic devices. The electronic device includes the power management circuit, a charging interface, and a system load; the power management circuit includes a control device, a battery module, and a battery balancing module; wherein the battery module includes multiple batteries connected in series, the battery module is connected to the battery balancing module and the control device respectively, and the control device is connected to the control terminal of the battery balancing module; the control device is also connected to the system load and the charging interface; the control device is configured to: monitor the capacity of each battery in the battery module; and adjust the battery balancing module to balance the capacities of the first and second batteries in the battery module when the capacities of the first and second batteries are unbalanced; the first and second batteries are any two batteries in the battery module.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of power management circuits and methods, electronic devices, and storage media. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, due to the limitations of battery (rechargeable battery) storage capacity, most electronic devices that use batteries as their power source (such as mobile phones and tablets) aim to extend user lifespan. Therefore, these devices often employ power supply schemes using multiple batteries in parallel or series to improve battery life. In a series-connected power supply scheme, since the charging and discharging currents of the series-connected batteries are the same, ideally, each battery needs to have identical capacity and other characteristics to ensure that all batteries can be fully charged or discharged simultaneously, thus fully utilizing the performance of all batteries.

[0003] However, on the one hand, the capacity (the amount of stored energy) and size of batteries of the same type (such as lithium batteries or lead-acid batteries) are positively correlated. In reality, the specific structural requirements and design of electronic devices limit the storage space for batteries, often making it impossible to guarantee that each battery in a multi-cell series connection is the same size. On the other hand, even if sufficient space is available to ensure that each battery in a multi-cell series connection is the same size, differences in battery capacity due to user operation under different conditions can occur. As a result, the battery system in electronic devices is often an unbalanced multi-cell series system with varying capacities. During the use of an unbalanced multi-cell series system, there will always be instances where some batteries cannot be fully charged or fully discharged, leading to differences in the aging of different batteries, severely reducing the battery life of electronic devices, and degrading the user experience. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a power management circuit and method, an electronic device, and a storage medium that can improve the battery life in electronic devices.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the embodiments of this application adopt the following technical solutions:

[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides a power management circuit applied to an electronic device. The electronic device includes a power management circuit, a charging interface, and a system load. The output terminal of the charging interface is coupled to a first terminal of the power management circuit, and a second terminal of the power management circuit is coupled to a first terminal of the system load. The power management circuit includes a control device, a battery module, and a battery balancing module. The battery module includes multiple batteries connected in series. The first terminal of the battery module is coupled to a first terminal of the control device and a first terminal of the battery balancing module. The second terminal of the battery module is coupled to a second terminal of the battery balancing module, and a third terminal of the battery module is coupled to a third terminal of the battery balancing module and grounded. The control terminal of the battery balancing module is coupled to a second terminal of the control device, and a third terminal of the control device is coupled to a first terminal of the system load. The input terminal of the control device is connected to the charging interface. The control device is configured to: monitor the capacity of each battery in the battery module; and adjust the battery balancing module to balance the capacities of the first and second batteries when the capacities of the first and second batteries in the battery module are unbalanced. The first and second batteries are any two batteries in the battery module.

[0007] Based on the technical solutions provided in the above embodiments, whether charging or discharging, the control device in the power management circuit can monitor each battery in the battery module and adjust the battery balancing module in a timely manner to make the capacity of all batteries tend to be balanced. In this way, each battery in the battery module can simultaneously discharge or fully charge, avoiding abnormal situations such as overcharging, over-discharging, not fully charged or not fully discharged, ensuring the normal life of the battery and improving the user experience.

[0008] In one possible design of the first aspect, the control device is specifically configured to: determine that the capacity of the first battery and the second battery is unbalanced when the capacity difference between the first battery and the second battery is greater than a preset threshold.

[0009] This allows for a more accurate determination of which batteries have capacity imbalances.

[0010] In one possible design of the first aspect, the control device is specifically configured to: monitor the voltage of each battery in the battery module; and determine that the capacity of the first battery and the second battery is unbalanced if the voltage difference between the first battery and the second battery is greater than a preset voltage difference.

[0011] In this way, the voltage difference can be used to more accurately determine which batteries have unbalanced capacity.

[0012] In one possible design of the first aspect, the control device is specifically configured to: adjust the battery balancing module when the capacity difference between the first battery and the second battery in the battery module is greater than a preset threshold, until the capacity difference between the first battery and the second battery is less than the balancing threshold; the balancing threshold is less than the preset threshold.

[0013] In this way, the control device can adjust the battery balancing module so that two batteries with unbalanced capacity can remain in a balanced state for a certain period of time after balancing, reducing the need for the control device to adjust the battery balancing module and lowering the consumption of processing resources.

[0014] In one possible design of the first aspect, the control device is specifically configured to: adjust the battery balancing module when the voltage difference between the first battery and the second battery in the battery module is greater than a preset voltage difference, until the voltage difference between the first battery and the second battery is less than the balance voltage difference; the balance voltage difference is less than the preset voltage difference.

[0015] In this way, the control device can adjust the battery balancing module so that two batteries with unbalanced capacity can remain in a balanced state for a certain period of time after balancing, reducing the need for the control device to adjust the battery balancing module and lowering the consumption of processing resources.

[0016] In one possible design of the first aspect, the control device is specifically configured to: when the battery module is in a charging state, if the capacities of the first battery and the second battery are unbalanced, control the battery balancing module to adjust so that the first target battery increases the parallel path; the first target battery is the one with the larger capacity among the first battery and the second battery; when the battery module is in a discharging state, if the capacities of the first battery and the second battery are unbalanced, control the battery balancing module to adjust so that the second target battery increases the parallel path; the second target battery is the one with the smaller capacity among the first battery and the second battery.

[0017] Based on the above technical solution, when the two batteries in the battery module exhibit capacity discrepancies during charging, the control device can create a parallel path for the battery with the larger capacity through the battery balancing module. In this way, the charging current through the smaller capacity battery is the sum of the charging current of the larger target battery and the current through this parallel path. That is, by controlling the battery balancing module, the control device ensures that the charging current of the larger capacity battery is less than the charging current of the smaller target battery. Consequently, during subsequent charging, the charging efficiency of the larger capacity battery will be lower than that of the smaller target battery, gradually bringing the capacities of the two batteries towards balance or equality. Furthermore, when the two batteries in the battery module exhibit capacity discrepancies during discharging, the control device can create a parallel path for the smaller capacity battery (i.e., the second target battery) through the battery balancing module and shunt the current to the second target battery through this parallel path. The current in the first target battery is the sum of the current in the parallel path and the current in the first target battery. In this way, the discharging current through the first target battery is the sum of the discharging current of the second target battery and the current through the parallel path. In other words, the control device manages the battery balancing module to ensure that the discharge current of the larger target battery (first target battery) is greater than that of the smaller target battery (second target battery). This results in a higher discharge efficiency for the larger target battery during subsequent discharges, gradually bringing their capacities towards equilibrium or equality. This balance ensures that all batteries in the battery module can simultaneously discharge fully or fully charge, preventing overcharging, over-discharging, incomplete discharge, and undercharging, thus guaranteeing battery lifespan and improving the user experience.

[0018] In one possible design of the first aspect, the battery balancing module includes multiple battery balancing units, each corresponding to one battery; the control terminal of each battery balancing unit is coupled to the second terminal of the control device, the first terminal of each battery balancing unit is coupled to the positive terminal of one battery, and the second terminal of each battery balancing unit is coupled to the negative terminal of one battery; the control device is specifically configured to control the multiple battery balancing units in the battery balancing module to balance the capacities of the first battery and the second battery when the capacities of the first battery and the second battery in the battery module are unbalanced.

[0019] Based on the above solution, whether charging or discharging, the control device in the power management circuit can monitor each battery in the battery module and adjust the multiple battery balancing units in the battery balancing module in a timely manner to make the capacity of all batteries tend to be balanced. In this way, each battery in the battery module can simultaneously discharge or fully charge, avoiding abnormal situations such as overcharging, over-discharging, undercharging, and under-discharging, ensuring the normal life of the battery and improving the user experience.

[0020] In one possible design of the first aspect, the control device is specifically configured to: when the battery module is in a charging state, if the capacities of the first battery and the second battery in the battery module are unbalanced, control the first target battery balancing unit to adjust so that the first target battery balancing unit forms a parallel path for the first target battery; the first target battery balancing unit is a battery balancing unit corresponding to the first target battery, and the first target battery is the one with the larger capacity among the first battery and the second battery; when the battery module is in a charging state, if the capacities of the first battery and the second battery in the battery module are unbalanced, control the first target battery balancing unit to adjust so that the second target battery balancing unit forms a parallel path for the second target battery; the second target battery balancing unit is a battery balancing unit corresponding to the second target battery, and the second target battery is the one with the smaller capacity among the first battery and the second battery.

[0021] Based on the above technical solution, the charging current of the larger-capacity battery is less than that of the smaller-capacity first target battery. This results in a lower charging efficiency for the larger-capacity battery during subsequent charging, gradually bringing their capacities towards equilibrium or equality. Furthermore, the discharge current of the larger-capacity battery can be greater than that of the smaller-capacity second target battery. This leads to a higher discharge efficiency for the larger-capacity battery during subsequent discharge, again gradually bringing their capacities towards equilibrium or equality. In this way, the capacities of all batteries in the battery module are balanced, allowing each battery to be fully charged or discharged simultaneously. This avoids overcharging, over-discharging, incomplete discharge, and undercharging, ensuring normal battery life and improving the user experience.

[0022] In one possible design of the first aspect, the battery balancing unit is a MOSFET; each MOSFET in the battery balancing unit corresponds to one battery, the gate of each MOSFET in the battery balancing unit is coupled to the second terminal of the control device, the drain of each MOSFET in the battery balancing unit is coupled to the positive terminal of a battery, and the source of each MOSFET in the battery balancing unit is coupled to the negative terminal of a battery; the control device is specifically configured to: when the battery module is in a charging state, if the capacities of the first battery and the second battery in the battery module are unbalanced, control the first target MOSFET to operate in the linear region, so that the first target MOSFET forms a parallel path for the first target battery; the first target MOSFET is the MOSFET serving as the first battery balancing unit;

[0023] When the battery module is in a discharging state, if the capacity of the first battery and the second battery in the battery module is unbalanced, the second target MOSFET is controlled to work in the linear region, so that the second target MOSFET forms a parallel path for the second target battery; the second target MOSFET is the MOSFET that serves as the balancing unit for the second battery.

[0024] Based on the above technical solution, the capacity of two unbalanced batteries can be adjusted to be balanced by controlling the MOSFET. In this way, each battery in the battery module can be fully charged or fully discharged at the same time, avoiding abnormal situations such as overcharging, over-discharging, incomplete discharge, and incomplete charging, thus ensuring the normal lifespan of the battery and improving the user experience.

[0025] In one possible design of the first aspect, the power management module further includes multiple switching units, each corresponding to a battery; the first terminal of each switching unit is coupled to the negative terminal of a battery, the second terminal of each switching unit is coupled to the second terminal of a battery balancing unit, and the control terminal of each switching unit is coupled to the fourth terminal of a control device; the control device is further configured to: when the target battery in the battery module is detected to be in an abnormal state, control the first and second terminals of the target switching unit to disconnect, and control the first and second terminals of the target battery balancing unit to conduct; the target switching unit is the switching unit corresponding to the target battery, and the target battery balancing unit is the battery balancing unit corresponding to the target battery.

[0026] Based on the above solution, by controlling the target battery balancing unit and the target switching unit, the target battery can be de-circuited and stop working, and neither charging nor discharging current will pass through the target battery. This ensures the normal operation of other batteries, allowing the electronic device to function normally, guaranteeing normal user operation, and improving the user experience.

[0027] In one possible design of the first aspect, the switching unit includes a MOSFET, each MOSFET serving as a switching unit corresponds to a battery, the gate of each MOSFET serving as a switching unit is coupled to the fourth terminal of the control device, the drain of each MOSFET serving as a switching unit is coupled to the negative terminal of a battery, and the source of each MOSFET serving as a switching unit is coupled to the second terminal of a battery balancing unit; the control device is specifically configured to: when the target battery in the battery module is detected to be in an abnormal state, control the MOSFET serving as the target switching unit to operate in the cutoff region, and control the first terminal and the second terminal of the target battery balancing unit to conduct.

[0028] Based on the above technical solution, the target battery can be disconnected by controlling the MOSFET, which serves as the target switching unit, and the target battery balance sheet. This ensures the normal operation of other batteries, enabling the electronic equipment to operate normally, guaranteeing normal use for users, and improving the user experience.

[0029] Secondly, this application provides a power management method applied in an electronic device. The electronic device includes a power management circuit, a charging interface, and a system load. The output terminal of the charging interface is coupled to a first terminal of the power management circuit, and a second terminal of the power management circuit is coupled to a first terminal of the system load. The power management circuit includes a control device, a battery module, and a battery balancing module. The battery module includes multiple batteries connected in series. The first terminal of the battery module is coupled to a first terminal of the control device and a first terminal of the battery balancing module. The second terminal of the battery module is coupled to a second terminal of the battery balancing module, and a third terminal of the battery module is coupled to a third terminal of the battery balancing module and grounded. The control terminal of the battery balancing module is coupled to a second terminal of the control device, and a third terminal of the control device is coupled to a first terminal of the system load. The input terminal of the control device is connected to the charging interface. The method includes: monitoring the capacity of each battery in the battery module; and adjusting the battery balancing module to balance the capacities of the first and second batteries when the capacities of the first and second batteries in the battery module are unbalanced. The first and second batteries are any two batteries in the battery module.

[0030] In one possible design of the second aspect, the method further includes: determining that the capacity of the first battery and the second battery is unbalanced if the capacity difference between the first battery and the second battery is greater than a preset threshold.

[0031] In one possible design approach of the second aspect, monitoring the capacity of each battery in the battery module includes: monitoring the voltage of each battery in the battery module; the method further includes: determining that the capacity of the first battery and the second battery is unbalanced when the voltage difference between the first battery and the second battery is greater than a preset voltage difference.

[0032] In one possible design of the second aspect, when the capacities of the first battery and the second battery in the battery module are unbalanced, the battery balancing module is adjusted to make the capacities of the first battery and the second battery tend to be balanced, including: when the capacity difference between the first battery and the second battery in the battery module is greater than a preset threshold, the battery balancing module is adjusted until the capacity difference between the first battery and the second battery is less than the balancing threshold; the balancing threshold is less than the preset threshold.

[0033] In one possible design of the second aspect, when the capacities of the first battery and the second battery in the battery module are unbalanced, the battery balancing module is adjusted to make the capacities of the first battery and the second battery tend to be balanced. This includes: when the voltage difference between the first battery and the second battery in the battery module is greater than a preset voltage difference, adjusting the battery balancing module until the voltage difference between the first battery and the second battery is less than the balance voltage difference; the balance voltage difference is less than the preset voltage difference.

[0034] In one possible design approach of the second aspect, when the capacities of the first and second batteries in the battery module are unbalanced, the battery balancing module is adjusted to make the capacities of the first and second batteries tend to be balanced. This includes: when the battery module is in a charging state, if the capacities of the first and second batteries are unbalanced, controlling the battery balancing module to adjust so that the first target battery increases the parallel path; the first target battery is the one with the larger capacity among the first and second batteries; when the battery module is in a discharging state, if the capacities of the first and second batteries are unbalanced, controlling the battery balancing module to adjust so that the second target battery increases the parallel path; the second target battery is the one with the smaller capacity among the first and second batteries.

[0035] In one possible design of the second aspect, the battery balancing module includes multiple battery balancing units, each corresponding to one battery; the control terminal of each battery balancing unit is coupled to the second terminal of a control device, the first terminal of each battery balancing unit is coupled to the positive terminal of a battery, and the second terminal of each battery balancing unit is coupled to the negative terminal of a battery; when the capacities of the first battery and the second battery in the battery module are unbalanced, the battery balancing module is adjusted to make the capacities of the first battery and the second battery tend to be balanced, including: when the capacities of the first battery and the second battery in the battery module are unbalanced, controlling the multiple battery balancing units in the battery balancing module to make the capacities of the first battery and the second battery tend to be balanced.

[0036] In one possible design approach of the second aspect, when the capacities of the first and second batteries in the battery module are unbalanced, the control of multiple battery balancing units in the battery balancing module to balance the capacities of the first and second batteries includes: when the battery module is in a charging state, if the capacities of the first and second batteries in the battery module are unbalanced, controlling the first target battery balancing unit to adjust it so that the first target battery balancing unit forms a parallel path to the first target battery; the first target battery balancing unit is a battery balancing unit corresponding to the first target battery, and the first target battery is the one with the larger capacity among the first and second batteries; when the battery module is in a charging state, if the capacities of the first and second batteries in the battery module are unbalanced, controlling the first target battery balancing unit to adjust it so that the second target battery balancing unit forms a parallel path to the second target battery; the second target battery balancing unit is a battery balancing unit corresponding to the second target battery, and the second target battery is the one with the smaller capacity among the first and second batteries.

[0037] In one possible design of the second aspect, the battery balancing unit is a MOSFET; each MOSFET in the battery balancing unit corresponds to one battery, the gate of each MOSFET in the battery balancing unit is coupled to the second terminal of the control device, the drain of each MOSFET in the battery balancing unit is coupled to the positive terminal of a battery, and the source of each MOSFET in the battery balancing unit is coupled to the negative terminal of a battery.

[0038] When the battery module is charging, if the capacities of the first battery and the second battery in the battery module are unbalanced, the first target battery balancing unit is controlled to adjust, so that the first target battery balancing unit forms a parallel path for the first target battery. This includes: when the battery module is charging, if the capacities of the first battery and the second battery in the battery module are unbalanced, the first target MOSFET is controlled to operate in the linear region, so that the first target MOSFET forms a parallel path for the first target battery; the first target MOSFET is the MOSFET that serves as the first battery balancing unit.

[0039] When the battery module is charging, if the capacity of the first battery and the second battery in the battery module is unbalanced, the first target battery balancing unit is controlled to adjust, so that the second target battery balancing unit forms a parallel path for the second target battery. This includes: when the battery module is discharging, if the capacity of the first battery and the second battery in the battery module is unbalanced, the second target MOSFET is controlled to operate in the linear region, so that the second target MOSFET forms a parallel path for the second target battery; the second target MOSFET is the MOSFET that serves as the second battery balancing unit.

[0040] In one possible design of the second aspect, the power management module further includes multiple switching units, each corresponding to a battery; a first terminal of each switching unit is coupled to the negative terminal of a battery, a second terminal of each switching unit is coupled to the second terminal of a battery balancing unit, and a control terminal of each switching unit is coupled to the fourth terminal of a control device; the method further includes:

[0041] When an abnormal state is detected in the target battery in the battery module, the first and second terminals of the target switching unit are disconnected, and the first and second terminals of the target battery balancing unit are connected. The target switching unit is the switching unit corresponding to the target battery, and the target battery balancing unit is the battery balancing unit corresponding to the target battery.

[0042] In one possible design of the second aspect, the switching unit includes a MOSFET, each MOSFET serving as a switching unit corresponds to a battery, the gate of each MOSFET serving as a switching unit is coupled to the fourth terminal of the control device, the drain of each MOSFET serving as a switching unit is coupled to the negative terminal of a battery, and the source of each MOSFET serving as a switching unit is coupled to the second terminal of a battery balancing unit.

[0043] When the target battery in the battery module is detected to be in an abnormal state, the first and second terminals of the target switching unit are disconnected, and the first and second terminals of the target battery balancing unit are connected. This includes: when the target battery in the battery module is detected to be in an abnormal state, the MOS transistor serving as the target switching unit is controlled to operate in the cutoff region, and the first and second terminals of the target battery balancing unit are connected.

[0044] Thirdly, this application provides an electronic device comprising: a memory and one or more processors; the memory being coupled to the processors; wherein the memory stores computer program code, the computer program code including computer instructions, which, when executed by the processor, cause the electronic device to perform the power management method provided in the second aspect.

[0045] Fourthly, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium including computer instructions that, when executed on an electronic device, cause the electronic device to perform the power management method provided in the second aspect.

[0046] Fifthly, this application provides a computer program product containing executable instructions that, when the computer program product is run on an electronic device, cause the electronic device to perform the power management method as provided in the second aspect.

[0047] In a sixth aspect, an apparatus (e.g., a system-on-a-chip) is provided, including a processor for supporting an electronic device in performing the functions described in the second aspect above. In one possible design, the apparatus further includes a memory for storing program instructions and data necessary for the electronic device. When the apparatus is a system-on-a-chip, it can be composed of chips or may include chips and other discrete devices.

[0048] It should be understood that the beneficial effects of the second to sixth aspects mentioned above can be found in the relevant descriptions in the first aspect mentioned above, and will not be repeated here. Attached Figure Description

[0049] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in the prior art;

[0050] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a power management system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0051] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the hardware structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0052] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a power management circuit provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 ;

[0053] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a power management circuit provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 ;

[0054] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a power management circuit provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 ;

[0055] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a power management circuit provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 4 ;

[0056] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a power management circuit provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 5 ;

[0057] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of a power management circuit provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 6 ;

[0058] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery balancing unit provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0059] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of a power management circuit provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 7 ;

[0060] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of a power management circuit provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 8 ;

[0061] Figure 13 A flowchart illustrating a power management method provided in this application embodiment. Figure 1 ;

[0062] Figure 14 A flowchart illustrating a power management method provided in this application embodiment. Figure 2 ;

[0063] Figure 15 A flowchart illustrating a power management method provided in this application embodiment. Figure 3 ;

[0064] Figure 16 A flowchart illustrating a power management method provided in this application embodiment. Figure 4 ;

[0065] Figure 17 A flowchart illustrating a power management method provided in this application embodiment. Figure 5 ;

[0066] Figure 18 A flowchart illustrating a power management method provided in this application embodiment. Figure 6 ;

[0067] Figure 19 A flowchart illustrating a power management method provided in this application embodiment. Figure 7 ;

[0068] Figure 20 A flowchart illustrating a power management method provided in this application embodiment. Figure 8 ;

[0069] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of a power management device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0070] The terminology used in the following embodiments of this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of this application. As used in the specification and appended claims of this application, the singular expressions “a,” “an,” “the,” “the,” “the,” and “this” are intended to include the plural expressions as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that “ / ” means “or,” for example, A / B can mean A or B; “and / or” in the text is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist, for example, A and / or B can mean: A alone, A and B simultaneously, and B alone.

[0071] References to "embodiments" in this application mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it constitute an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is understood, both explicitly and implicitly, by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described in this application may be combined with other embodiments.

[0072] The terms "first" and "second" in the following embodiments of this application are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature, and in the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more.

[0073] First, the relevant technical terms used in this application will be introduced:

[0074] A field-effect transistor (FET) is an electronic device based on a metal / semiconductor junction used for amplification and current control. It leverages the Schottky barrier or PN junction between the metal and semiconductor, modulating the electric field formed in the semiconductor to control the number of charge carriers and the channel impedance. FETs offer advantages such as high input resistance, low power consumption, and high speed, making them widely used in low-noise amplification, high-frequency amplification, and digital logic circuits.

[0075] Depending on their structure and operating mode, field-effect transistors (FETs) can be classified into several types, the most common of which include metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) FETs, junction field-effect transistors (JFETs), and insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). Among them, the MOS FET is one of the most commonly used FETs. It mainly relies on the coupling effect between the three materials—metal, insulator, and semiconductor—to determine the size and location of the channel. It has advantages such as small size, high performance, and high integrability, and is widely used in various electronic devices and integrated circuits.

[0076] Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET): A MOSFET is an electronic device manufactured using semiconductor technology and is widely used in electronic circuits, especially in power amplifiers and switches. A MOSFET has three pins: source (S), gate (G), and drain (D). A crucial parameter for MOSFETs is their threshold voltage, which varies depending on the model and manufacturing process. When the voltage between the gate and source (Vgs) is less than the threshold voltage (Vth), the MOSFET operates in the cutoff region, meaning it is turned off between the source and drain. When the voltage between the gate and source (Vgs) is greater than or equal to the threshold voltage (Vth), and the voltage between the drain and source (Vds) is less than the difference between Vgs and the threshold voltage (Vgs - Vth), the MOSFET operates in the linear region. In this case, the source and drain of the MOSFET act as a variable resistor, and its resistance is controlled by Vgs. When Vgs is greater than the threshold voltage Vth, and the voltage Vds between the drain and source is greater than or equal to the difference between Vgs and the threshold voltage Vth (Vgs-Vth), the MOSFET operates in the saturation region. In this state, the source and drain are switched on, and the source and drain are connected. In other words, as Vgs gradually increases, the MOSFET's operating states sequentially transition from the cutoff region to the linear region and then to the saturation region.

[0077] Based on the different materials used, MOSFETs can be divided into P-type MOSFETs and N-type MOSFETs. The threshold voltages of P-type and N-type MOSFETs differ. The threshold voltage of a P-type MOSFET is generally around -3.5V to -0.5V, while that of an N-type MOSFET is generally around 0.5V to 3.5V. In other words, regarding the gate voltage, a P-type MOSFET conducts (i.e., is in the saturation region) when the gate voltage is low, while an N-type MOSFET conducts (i.e., is in the saturation region) when the gate voltage is high.

[0078] Currently, to increase battery life, most electronic devices use multi-cell series systems as their power supply. However, due to size limitations and the impact of operating conditions on batteries, multi-cell series systems in electronic devices often become unbalanced. Taking an unbalanced multi-cell series system consisting of two batteries, BAT1 and BAT2, where BAT1 has a smaller capacity than BAT2, as an example... Figure 1 As shown, during charging, the electronic device uses the charging interface and power management chip to supply power from an external power source to BAT1 and BAT2. During charging, the charging current is the same. Due to the potential difference in capacity between BAT1 and BAT2, BAT1 may have a higher charging efficiency than BAT2. This results in BAT1's current charging capacity percentage (as a percentage of its total capacity) being higher than BAT2's current charging capacity percentage. If charging continues in this manner, BAT1 will overcharge, severely reducing its lifespan and potentially causing safety hazards. If charging is stopped once BAT1 is fully charged, BAT2 will not be able to fully charge, reducing the electronic device's battery life. Furthermore, charging before fully charging for an extended period will also reduce BAT2's lifespan.

[0079] During discharge, BAT1 and BAT2 transfer their own electrical energy to the system load (i.e., the various functional modules or devices in the electronic device that require power) through the power management chip. During discharge, the discharge current is the same. Due to the different capacities of BAT1 and BAT2, BAT1 may have a higher discharge efficiency than BAT2. If this discharge continues, BAT1 will be over-discharged, severely reducing its lifespan. If all battery discharge is stopped after BAT1 has completely discharged, BAT2 will not be able to fully discharge, reducing the electronic device's battery life. Furthermore, charging BAT2 before it is fully discharged will also reduce its lifespan.

[0080] In summary, unbalanced multi-battery series systems in electronic devices often experience issues such as batteries not being fully charged, not being fully discharged, over-discharge, and over-charge during use. This leads to differences in the aging of different batteries, severely reducing the battery life of electronic devices and diminishing the user experience.

[0081] Based on the shortcomings of the existing technology, it can be concluded that how to enable batteries of different capacities to be fully charged or discharged simultaneously during the charging and discharging process of an unbalanced multi-battery series system is a problem that current electronic devices need to solve.

[0082] To address the aforementioned problems, this application provides a power management method applicable to electronic devices, including a power management circuit. This power management circuit includes a battery series module, a battery balancing module, and a control module. The battery series module comprises multiple batteries connected in series. In this method, when the battery series module is in a charging or discharging state, if the voltage difference between any two batteries in the battery series module is detected to be greater than a preset threshold, an imbalance (i.e., different) in the capacity of the two batteries can be determined. Because when the two batteries have unbalanced capacities, during series discharge or charging, one battery's charge will change faster than the other's. Since battery charge is positively correlated with battery voltage, this results in a large voltage difference (greater than the preset threshold). When this situation is detected, the control device can control the battery balancing module to ensure that the current flowing through the first battery with the lower voltage is less than the current flowing through the second battery with the higher voltage. Thus, through continuous monitoring and control of the battery balancing module, all batteries in the battery series module can be fully charged or discharged simultaneously (or approximately simultaneously). This prevents the battery from over-discharging, over-charging, failing to fully charge, or being completely discharged, thus improving both battery life and user experience.

[0083] The power management method provided in the embodiments of this application is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0084] The power management method provided in this application embodiment can be applied to, for example, Figure 2 The power management system shown may include an electronic device 10 and a charger 20, wherein the battery 14 in the electronic device 10 can be charged by the external charger 20. (See reference...) Figure 3 As shown, the charger 20 includes a power adapter 21 and a charging cable 22. The charging cable 22 may include a first interface 221, a wire 223, and a second interface 222. The first interface 221 is used to connect to a specific interface of the power adapter 21, and the second interface 222 is used to connect to the charging interface of the electronic device 10. After the charging cable 22 is connected to the power adapter 21 and the electronic device 10 through its first interface 221 and second interface 222 respectively, the charging cable 22 can be used to transmit electrical energy, providing physical support for the power adapter 21 to charge the electronic device 10.

[0085] For example, the actual charging cable 22 may include the following types: a charging cable with a first interface 221 being a Type-A interface and a second interface 222 being a Type-C interface; a charging cable with both the first interface 221 and the second interface 222 being Type-C interfaces; a charging cable with a first interface 221 being a headphone jack and the second interface being a Type-C interface. Of course, any other feasible charging cable may exist in practice, and this application does not impose specific limitations on this. In this embodiment, the first interface 221 of the charging cable 22 and the specific interface of the power adapter 21 should conform to the same interface standard. The second interface 222 of the charging cable 22 and the charging interface of the electronic device 10 should conform to the same interface standard. Furthermore, besides the power adapter 21 supplying power to the electronic device via the charging cable 22 after being connected to a power source (e.g., AC power), other devices with specific interfaces (e.g., Type-A interfaces) (e.g., laptops, computer hosts, etc.) can also supply power to the electronic device 10 via the charging cable 22. Of course, in addition to using a charging cable (power adapter, laptop) to supply power to the electronic device, the power supply device can also supply power to the electronic device 10 via wireless charging.

[0086] The electronic device 10 includes a charging interface 11, a power management chip 12, a battery module 13, a system load 14, and a battery balancing module 15. The battery module 13 consists of multiple batteries connected in series. The battery module 13 is connected to the charging interface 11 and the system load 14 via the power management chip 12. This application's embodiments mainly describe the control of the battery balancing module by the power management chip 12 in two states: charging the battery module 13 via the power adapter 21 and discharging the battery module 13 to the system load 14, to ensure that all batteries in the battery module are simultaneously fully discharged or fully charged.

[0087] In this application, the aforementioned electronic devices may be mobile phones, tablets, wearable devices, in-vehicle devices, augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) devices, laptops, ultra-mobile personal computers (UMPCs), netbooks, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and other devices that use a multi-battery series system to supply power. The embodiments of this application do not impose any restrictions on the specific type of electronic device.

[0088] Take mobile phones as an example of electronic devices. Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device provided in this application is shown.

[0089] Reference Figure 3 As shown, the electronic device may include a processor 110, an external memory interface 120, an internal memory 121, a universal serial bus (USB) interface 130, a charging management module 140, a power management module 141, a battery module 142, antenna 1, antenna 2, a mobile communication module 150, a wireless communication module 160, an audio module 170, a speaker 170A, a receiver 170B, a microphone 170C, a headphone jack 170D, a sensor module 180, buttons 190, a motor 191, an indicator 192, a display screen 193, a subscriber identification module (SIM) card interface 194, and a camera 195, etc. The sensor module 180 may include pressure sensors, gyroscope sensors, barometric pressure sensors, magnetic sensors, accelerometers, distance sensors, proximity sensors, fingerprint sensors, temperature sensors, touch sensors, ambient light sensors, bone conduction sensors, etc.

[0090] Processor 110 may include one or more processing units, such as: application processor (AP), modem processor, graphics processing unit (GPU), image signal processor (ISP), controller, memory, video codec, digital signal processor (DSP), baseband processor, and / or neural network processing unit (NPU), etc. Different processing units may be independent devices or integrated into one or more processors.

[0091] A controller can be the nerve center and command center of an electronic device. Based on the instruction opcode and timing signals, the controller generates operation control signals to control the fetching and execution of instructions.

[0092] The processor 110 may also include a memory for storing instructions and data. In some embodiments, the memory in the processor 110 is a cache memory. This memory can store instructions or data that the processor 110 has just used or that are used repeatedly. If the processor 110 needs to use the instruction or data again, it can retrieve it directly from the memory. This avoids repeated accesses, reduces the waiting time of the processor 110, and thus improves the efficiency of the system.

[0093] In some embodiments, the processor 110 may include one or more interfaces. Interfaces may include an inter-integrated circuit (I2C) interface, an inter-integrated circuit sound (I2S) interface, a pulse code modulation (PCM) interface, a universal asynchronous receiver / transmitter (UART) interface, a mobile industry processor interface (MIPI), a general-purpose input / output (GPIO) interface, a subscriber identity module (SIM) interface, and / or a universal serial bus (USB) interface, etc.

[0094] The charging management module 140 receives charging input from a power supply device (e.g., a charger, laptop power supply, etc.). The charger can be a wireless charger or a wired charger. In some wired charging embodiments, the charging management module 140 receives charging input from the wired charger via the USB interface 130. In some wireless charging embodiments, the charging management module 140 receives wireless charging input via the wireless charging coil of the electronic device. While charging the battery module 142, the charging management module 140 can also supply power to the electronic device via the power management module 141. Specifically, the battery module 142 can be a battery module composed of multiple batteries connected in series. The power management module 141 connects the battery 142, the charging management module 140, and the processor 110.

[0095] The power management module 141 receives input from the battery module 142 and / or the charging management module 140, and supplies power to the processor 110, internal memory 121, display screen 193, camera 195, and wireless communication module 160, etc. The power management module 141 can also be used to monitor parameters such as battery capacity, battery cycle count, and battery health status (leakage current, impedance). In some other embodiments, the power management module 141 may also be located within the processor 110. In other embodiments, the power management module 141 and the charging management module 140 may be located in the same device; for example, the power management module 141 and the charging management module 140 may be different functional modules within the same power management chip.

[0096] The external memory interface 120 can be used to connect to external non-volatile memory, thereby expanding the storage capacity of the electronic device. The external non-volatile memory communicates with the processor 110 through the external memory interface 120 to perform data storage functions. For example, music, video, and other files can be stored in the external non-volatile memory.

[0097] Internal memory 121 may include one or more random access memory (RAM) and one or more non-volatile memory (NVM). The RAM can be directly read and written by the processor 110 and can be used to store executable programs (e.g., machine instructions) of the operating system or other running programs, as well as user and application data. The NVM can also store executable programs and user and application data, and can be pre-loaded into the RAM for direct read and write operations by the processor 110.

[0098] A touch sensor, also known as a "touch device," can be located on the display screen 193. The touch sensor and the display screen 193 together form a touchscreen, also called a "touchscreen." The touch sensor detects touch operations applied to or near it. The touch sensor can transmit the detected touch operation to the application processor to determine the type of touch event. Visual output related to the touch operation can be provided through the display screen 193. In other embodiments, the touch sensor may also be located on the surface of the electronic device, in a different position than the display screen 193.

[0099] A pressure sensor is used to sense pressure signals and convert them into electrical signals. In some embodiments, the pressure sensor may be located on the display screen 193. There are many types of pressure sensors, such as resistive pressure sensors, inductive pressure sensors, and capacitive pressure sensors. When a touch operation is applied to the display screen 193, the electronic device monitors the intensity of the touch operation based on the pressure sensor. The electronic device can also calculate the touch location based on the monitoring signal from the pressure sensor. In some embodiments, touch operations applied to the same touch location but with different intensities can correspond to different operation commands. For example, when a touch operation with an intensity less than a first pressure threshold is applied to the SMS application icon, a command to view an SMS message is executed. When a touch operation with an intensity greater than or equal to the first pressure threshold is applied to the SMS application icon, a command to create a new SMS message is executed.

[0100] The electronic device implements display functions through a GPU, a display screen 193, and an application processor. The GPU is a microprocessor for image editing, connected to the display screen 193 and the application processor. The GPU is used to perform mathematical and geometric calculations for graphics rendering. The processor 110 may include one or more GPUs, which execute program instructions to generate or modify display information.

[0101] Electronic devices can achieve shooting functions through ISP, camera 195, video codec, GPU, display 193 and application processor.

[0102] The Information Service Provider (ISP) is used to process data fed back from the camera 195. For example, when taking a picture, the shutter is opened, and light is transmitted through the lens to the camera's photosensitive element. The light signal is converted into an electrical signal, and the camera's photosensitive element transmits the electrical signal to the ISP for processing, transforming it into an image visible to the naked eye. The ISP can also perform algorithmic optimization of image noise, brightness, and skin tone. The ISP can also optimize parameters such as exposure and color temperature of the shooting scene. In some embodiments, the ISP can be set in the camera 195. The camera 195 is used to capture still images or videos. In some embodiments, the electronic device may include one or N cameras, where N is a positive integer greater than 1. The camera 195 can be a front-facing camera or a rear-facing camera.

[0103] Digital signal processors (DSPs) are used to process digital signals. Besides digital image signals, they can also process other digital signals. For example, when an electronic device is selecting a frequency, a DSP can perform a Fourier transform on the frequency energy.

[0104] Display screen 193 is used to display images, videos, etc. Display screen 193 includes a display panel. The display panel may be a liquid crystal display (LCD), an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), an active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED), a flexible light-emitting diode (FLED), a Mini LED, a MicroLED, a Micro-OLED, a quantum dot light-emitting diode (QLED), etc. In some embodiments, the electronic device may include one or N displays 193, where N is a positive integer greater than 1.

[0105] In this embodiment of the application, the display screen 193 can be used to display the interface of an electronic device (e.g., a camera preview interface, a video preview interface, a final preview interface, etc.), and display images captured by any one or more cameras 195 in the interface.

[0106] The charging management module 140 is used to receive charging input from the charger. The charger can be a wireless charger or a wired charger.

[0107] The power management module 141 is used to connect the battery 141, the charging management module 140, and the processor 110. The power management module 141 receives input from the battery 142 and / or the charging management module 140 to power the processor 110, internal memory 511, display 193, camera 195, and wireless communication module 160, etc.

[0108] The wireless communication function of electronic devices can be realized through antenna 1, antenna 2, mobile communication module 150, wireless communication module 160, modem, and baseband processor.

[0109] Antenna 1 and Antenna 2 are used to transmit and receive electromagnetic wave signals. Each antenna in an electronic device can be used to cover one or more communication frequency bands. Different antennas can also be reused to improve antenna utilization.

[0110] The mobile communication module 150 can provide wireless communication solutions, including 2G / 3G / 4G / 5G, for use in electronic devices. The mobile communication module 150 can receive electromagnetic waves via antenna 1, and perform filtering, amplification, and other processing on the received electromagnetic waves before transmitting them to a modem processor for demodulation. The mobile communication module 150 can also amplify the signal modulated by the modem processor and convert it into electromagnetic waves for radiation via antenna 1. In some embodiments, at least some functional modules of the mobile communication module 150 can be housed in the processor 110. In some embodiments, at least some functional modules of the mobile communication module 150 and at least some modules of the processor 110 can be housed in the same device.

[0111] The modem processor may include a modulator and a demodulator. The modulator modulates the low-frequency baseband signal to be transmitted into a mid-to-high frequency signal. The demodulator demodulates the received electromagnetic wave signal into a low-frequency baseband signal. The demodulator then transmits the demodulated low-frequency baseband signal to the baseband processor for processing. After processing by the baseband processor, the low-frequency baseband signal is transmitted to the application processor. The application processor outputs sound signals through audio devices (not limited to speaker 170A, receiver 170B, etc.) or displays images or videos through the display screen 193. In some embodiments, the modem processor may be a separate device. In other embodiments, the modem processor may be independent of the processor 110 and may be housed in the same device as the mobile communication module 150 or other functional modules.

[0112] The wireless communication module 160 can provide solutions for wireless communication applications in electronic devices, including wireless local area networks (WLANs) (such as wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) networks), Bluetooth (BT), global navigation satellite system (GNSS), frequency modulation (FM), near field communication (NFC), and infrared (IR) technologies. The wireless communication module 160 can be one or more devices integrating at least one communication processing module. The wireless communication module 160 receives electromagnetic waves via antenna 2, performs frequency modulation and filtering of the electromagnetic wave signals, and sends the processed signal to processor 110. The wireless communication module 160 can also receive signals to be transmitted from processor 110, perform frequency modulation and amplification, and convert them into electromagnetic waves for radiation via antenna 2.

[0113] The SIM card interface 194 is used to connect a SIM card. The SIM card can be inserted into or removed from the SIM card interface 194 to make contact with and detach from the electronic device. The electronic device can support one or more SIM card interfaces. The SIM card interface 194 supports Nano SIM cards, Micro SIM cards, and other SIM cards. Multiple cards can be inserted into the same SIM card interface 194 simultaneously. The SIM card interface 194 is also compatible with external memory cards. The electronic device interacts with the network through the SIM card to achieve functions such as calls and data communication. One SIM card corresponds to one user number.

[0114] It is understood that the interface connection relationships between the modules illustrated in the embodiments of the present invention are merely illustrative and do not constitute a limitation on the structure of the electronic device. In other embodiments of this application, the electronic device may also employ different interface connection methods or combinations of multiple interface connection methods as described in the above embodiments.

[0115] Of course, this is understandable. Figure 3 The illustration shown is merely an example when the electronic device is in the form of a mobile phone. If the electronic device is in the form of a tablet, handheld computer, PC, PDA, wearable device (such as a smartwatch, smart bracelet), or other similar device, the structure of the electronic device may include more advanced features. Figure 3 The fewer structures shown can also include more than Figure 3 The structures shown are not limited here.

[0116] Based on the above hardware architecture, the following uses a mobile phone as an example to introduce the power management method provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0117] The power management method provided in the embodiments of this application is illustrated below. The power management method provided in the embodiments of this application can be applied to power management circuits. The following description, in conjunction with... Figures 4-12 The power management circuit in the embodiments of this application is illustrated.

[0118] Reference Figure 4 As shown, this application provides a power management circuit for use in an electronic device. The electronic device may include the power management circuit 40, a charging interface 41, and a system load 42. The system load 42 may be as follows: Figure 3 Any one or more electrical devices shown. The output terminal of the charging interface 41 is coupled to the first terminal of the power management circuit 40, and the input terminal of the charging interface 41 can supply power to the power management circuit 40 when coupled to a power supply device (such as a power adapter connected to AC power, a laptop power supply, etc.). The second terminal of the power management circuit 40 is coupled to the first terminal of the system load 42 and is used to supply power to the system load 42.

[0119] The power management circuit 40 includes a control device 401, a battery module 402, and a battery balancing module 403. The battery module 401 comprises multiple batteries connected in series (battery 1, battery 2… battery n). A first terminal of the battery module 401 is coupled to a first terminal of the control device 401 and a first terminal of the battery balancing module 403. A second terminal of the battery module 401 is coupled to a second terminal of the battery balancing module 403, and a third terminal of the battery module 401 is coupled to a third terminal of the battery balancing module 403 and grounded. The control terminal of the battery balancing module 403 is coupled to a second terminal of the control device 401. The third terminal of the control device 401 (i.e., the second terminal of the power management circuit 40) is coupled to a first terminal of the system load 42. The input terminal of the control device 401 (i.e., the first terminal of the power management circuit 40) is connected to a charging interface 41. The control device 401 can supply power from the battery module 402 or the charging interface 41 to the system load 42. The first end of the battery module 401 can be the positive terminal of a battery whose positive terminal is not connected to other batteries, and the third end of the battery module 401 can be the negative terminal of a battery whose negative terminal is not connected to other batteries.

[0120] In the embodiments of this application, due to technical limitations and for ease of management and replacement, the multiple batteries in the battery module 401 have the same parameters except for capacity. For example, different batteries have the same voltage when fully charged and fully discharged.

[0121] In addition, in practice, in order to ensure that the current loop is formed smoothly, the second terminal of the system load 42 is grounded.

[0122] For example, the voltage supplied by the charging interface 41 to the power management circuit can be Vbus, and the voltage supplied by the power management circuit to the system load can be Vsys. The control device 403 in the power management circuit can be a power management chip that includes a charging management module and a power management module.

[0123] The control device 403 is configured to monitor the capacity of each battery in the battery module 402, and adjust the battery balancing module 403 to balance the capacities of the first and second batteries in the battery module 402 when the capacities are unbalanced (i.e., different or significantly different). The first and second batteries can be any two batteries in the battery module 402.

[0124] In this embodiment, capacity imbalance can specifically mean that the capacity difference is greater than a preset threshold; capacity balance can specifically mean that the capacity difference is less than the preset threshold, or that the capacities are equal or approximately equal, and the same applies to subsequent embodiments.

[0125] In this embodiment, a capacity difference equal to a preset threshold can be classified as either a capacity difference less than the preset threshold or a capacity difference greater than the preset threshold, depending on the actual needs. This application does not impose any specific restrictions on this.

[0126] Because it's practically impossible to guarantee that all batteries in a battery module have identical capacities, two batteries with slight capacity differences but identical specifications can be considered to discharge or fully charge simultaneously. Therefore, in this embodiment, based on statistical data or the designer's experience, two batteries with a capacity difference greater than a preset threshold can be considered as having unbalanced capacities. The preset threshold can be any feasible value. Based on this, in one possible implementation, the control device 401 can be configured to monitor the capacity of each battery in the battery module 402. If the capacity difference between the first and second batteries exceeds the preset threshold, then the first and second batteries can be considered unbalanced. In this case, the control device 401 can adjust the battery balancing module 403 to bring the capacities of the first and second batteries closer to balance (i.e., the capacity difference gradually decreases to near or equal to 0). The monitoring of the capacity of each battery in the battery module 402 by the control device 401 can be periodic, for example, every 5 seconds. This allows for timely detection of unbalanced batteries and timely adjustment via the battery balancing circuit, ensuring that all batteries in the battery module 402 discharge or fully charge simultaneously or approximately simultaneously.

[0127] In practice, the voltage of a battery changes with its capacity during charging or discharging; that is, there is a positive correlation between battery voltage and capacity. Based on current technology, to extend the battery life of electronic devices and facilitate battery replacement, all batteries in a battery module are selected to have the same specifications except for capacity. This means that different batteries in a battery module, apart from potential differences in capacity, have the same or approximately the same voltage when fully charged or fully discharged. Therefore, in some embodiments, the preset threshold may include a preset voltage difference. The control device 401 can be specifically configured to monitor the voltage of each battery in the battery module 402. If the voltage difference between the first battery and the second battery exceeds the preset voltage difference, it determines that the first and second batteries are unbalanced in capacity, and then adjusts the battery balancing module 403 to make the voltages of the first and second batteries tend to be equal (i.e., the voltage difference gradually decreases to 0). For example, the preset voltage difference can be 50mV.

[0128] For example, refer to Figure 4As shown, the control device 401 can monitor the voltage of each battery in the battery module 402 through multiple sets of battery voltage sampling lines. Each set of battery voltage sampling lines corresponds to one battery. A set of battery voltage sampling lines includes a positive battery voltage sampling line VSNSP and a negative battery voltage sampling line VSNSN. As shown in the figure, the control device 401 can monitor the voltage of battery 1 through VSNSP1 and VSNSN1, monitor the voltage of battery 2 through VSNSP2 and VSNSN2, monitor the voltage of battery 3 through VSNSP3 and VSNSN3, ... and monitor the voltage of battery n through VSNSPn and VSNSNn. Of course, in practice, the control device can monitor the battery voltage in any other feasible way, and this application does not impose any specific restrictions on this.

[0129] Furthermore, during the adjustment of the battery balancing module 403 by the control device 401, if the capacity difference (which could be the voltage difference) between the first and second batteries decreases to less than a preset threshold (which could be the preset voltage difference), and the control device 401 stops adjusting the battery balancing module 403 or controls the battery balancing module 403 to revert to its original state (i.e., the state of the battery balancing module 403 before the control device adjusted it due to the capacity imbalance between the first and second batteries), the capacity difference between the first and second batteries may quickly exceed the preset threshold again. Therefore, in order to keep the capacity difference between the first and second batteries below the preset threshold for a certain period of time, the control device 401 can adjust the battery balancing module 403 until the capacity difference between the first and second batteries is less than a lower balancing threshold. The balancing threshold is less than the preset threshold.

[0130] In one possible implementation, the balance threshold may include the balance voltage difference. Specifically, the control device 401 can reduce the capacity difference between the first battery and the second battery by adjusting the battery balance module 403 until the voltage difference between the first battery and the second battery is less than the balance voltage difference. For example, the balance voltage difference can be 20mV. In this embodiment, if the voltage difference between the two batteries is less than the balance voltage difference, the two batteries can be considered to have balanced capacities.

[0131] In practice, for the first and second batteries with unbalanced capacity, the control device 403 can periodically adjust the battery balancing module 403 so that the capacity (specifically the voltage) of the first and second batteries gradually balances (i.e. gradually becomes equal or the difference gradually becomes less than a preset threshold).

[0132] In this way, whether charging or discharging, by monitoring each battery in the battery module, the capacity of all batteries can be balanced in a timely manner through the adjustment of the battery balancing module. This allows each battery in the battery module to be fully discharged or fully charged at the same time, avoiding abnormal situations such as overcharging, over-discharging, undercharging, and under-discharging, thus ensuring the normal lifespan of the battery and improving the user experience.

[0133] Of course, after the two batteries with unbalanced capacity are balanced (e.g., the capacity difference is less than 1), the control device can control the battery balancing module to return to its original state (i.e., the state before it was adjusted by the control device).

[0134] In practice, a battery module exists in two states: a charging state (when the battery module is charging) and a discharging state (when the battery module is discharging). The determination of the charging and discharging states can be performed by the control module. For example, if the control module determines that the charging interface is connected to a power supply and that the capacity of each battery in the battery module is less than 100%, it can use the power supplied by the power supply to charge the battery module, at which point the battery module is considered to be in a charging state; otherwise, it is considered to be in a discharging state. Of course, in practice, the specific implementation of the control module in determining whether the battery module is in a charging or discharging state can be any feasible method, and this application does not impose any specific restrictions on this.

[0135] In some embodiments, when the battery module is charging, if the capacities of the first battery and the second battery are unbalanced (i.e., the capacity difference is greater than a preset threshold or the voltage difference is greater than a preset voltage difference), the control device may specifically control the battery balancing module to adjust, thereby increasing the parallel path of the first target battery. The first target battery is the one with the larger capacity among the first battery and the second battery. In one possible implementation, the first target battery may specifically be the one with the larger voltage among the first battery and the second battery.

[0136] Based on the above scheme, when the two batteries in the battery module exhibit inconsistent capacities during charging, the control device can create a parallel path for the battery with the larger capacity through the battery balancing module. In this way, the charging current through the smaller capacity battery is the sum of the charging current of the larger target battery and the current through this parallel path. That is, by controlling the battery balancing module, the control device ensures that the charging current of the larger capacity battery is less than that of the smaller target battery. Consequently, during subsequent charging, the charging efficiency of the larger capacity battery will be lower than that of the smaller target battery, gradually bringing the capacities of the two batteries towards balance or equality. This ensures that the capacities of all batteries in the battery module are balanced, allowing each battery in the module to be fully charged simultaneously. This avoids overcharging and undercharging, ensuring normal battery life and improving the user experience.

[0137] In some embodiments, when the battery module is charging, in order to quickly balance the capacities of the unbalanced first and second batteries, the control device can control the battery balancing module to continuously increase the current in the parallel path of the first target battery, making the charging current of the first target battery smaller and smaller compared to the charging current of the second target battery, and the charging rate of the first target battery smaller and smaller compared to the charging rate of the second target battery, until the capacities of the unbalanced first and second batteries become balanced (or equal). The second target battery is the one with the smaller capacity between the first and second batteries. In one possible implementation, the second target battery can specifically be the one with the smaller voltage between the first and second batteries.

[0138] In one possible approach, the increase in current in the parallel path of the first target battery can be achieved by reducing the resistance in the parallel path. Based on this, the control device can control the battery balancing module to reduce the resistance in the parallel path of the first target battery according to a preset rule until the capacity of the first battery and the second battery is balanced (i.e., the capacity difference is less than a preset threshold or the voltage difference is greater than a preset voltage difference).

[0139] For example, reducing according to a preset rule can be done by reducing in predetermined steps. For instance, whenever an imbalance in the capacity of the first and second batteries is detected, the control device can control the battery balancing module to reduce the resistance in the parallel path by a predetermined value until the capacity of the first and second batteries is balanced (equal or approximately equal). Similar principles apply to subsequent embodiments.

[0140] In this way, when the battery module is charging, the control device can more quickly adjust the capacity of two batteries with unbalanced capacity to balance, so that all batteries in the battery module can be fully charged at the same time, avoiding abnormal situations such as overcharging and undercharging, ensuring the normal life of the battery, and improving the user experience.

[0141] In some embodiments, when the battery module is in a discharging state, if the capacity of the first battery and the second battery is unbalanced (i.e., the capacity difference is greater than a preset threshold or the voltage difference is greater than a preset voltage difference), the control device may specifically control the battery balancing module to make adjustments so that the second target battery increases the parallel path.

[0142] Based on the above scheme, when the two batteries in the battery module exhibit inconsistent capacities during discharge, the control device can create a parallel path for the battery with the smaller capacity (i.e., the second target battery) through the battery balancing module. This parallel path then diverts current to the second target battery, while the current in the first target battery is the sum of the current in this parallel path and the current in the first target battery. In this way, the discharge current through the first target battery is the sum of the discharge current of the second target battery and the current through the parallel path. That is, by controlling the battery balancing module, the control device ensures that the discharge current of the larger-capacity first target battery is greater than the discharge current of the smaller-capacity second target battery. Consequently, during subsequent discharge, the discharge efficiency of the larger-capacity first target battery will be higher than that of the smaller-capacity second target battery, gradually bringing their capacities towards balance or equality. This ensures that the capacities of all batteries in the battery module are balanced, allowing each battery in the module to discharge completely simultaneously, preventing over-discharge and incomplete discharge, ensuring normal battery life, and improving the user experience.

[0143] In some embodiments, when the battery module is in a discharging state, in order to balance the capacities of the first and second batteries with unbalanced capacity as quickly as possible, the control device can control the battery balancing module to continuously increase the current in the parallel path of the second target battery, making the discharge current of the second target battery smaller and smaller than the discharge current of the first target battery, and making the discharge efficiency of the first target battery higher and higher than the discharge efficiency of the second target battery, until the capacities of the two unbalanced batteries become balanced (i.e., equal or approximately equal).

[0144] In one possible approach, the increase in current in the parallel path of the second target battery can be achieved by reducing the resistance in the parallel path. Based on this, the control device can control the battery balancing module to reduce the resistance in the parallel path of the second target battery according to a preset rule until the capacity of the first battery and the second battery is balanced (i.e., the capacity difference is less than a preset threshold or the voltage difference is greater than a preset voltage difference).

[0145] For example, reducing according to preset rules can be done by reducing in predetermined steps. For instance, whenever an imbalance in the capacity of the first and second batteries is detected, the control device can control the battery balancing module to reduce the resistance in the parallel path by a predetermined value until the capacity of the first and second batteries is balanced (or equal).

[0146] In this way, when the battery module is in a discharging state, the control device can more quickly adjust the capacity of the two unbalanced batteries to balance, so that each battery in the battery module can discharge its power at the same time, avoiding abnormal situations such as over-discharge and incomplete discharge, ensuring the normal life of the battery, and improving the user experience.

[0147] In some embodiments, combined with Figure 4 , refer to Figure 5 As shown, the battery balancing module 403 may include multiple battery balancing units (e.g., battery balancing unit 1, battery balancing unit 2, battery balancing unit 3... battery balancing unit n), each battery balancing unit corresponding to one battery. The control terminal of each battery balancing unit is coupled to the second terminal of the control device 401. Of course, in practice, the second terminal of the control device 401 may include multiple control pins, each control pin coupled to the control terminal of one battery balancing unit.

[0148] Each battery balancing unit has its first end coupled to the positive terminal of one battery and its second end coupled to the negative terminal of one battery. In other words, each battery balancing unit has its first end coupled to only the positive terminal of one battery and its second end coupled to only the negative terminal of one battery. If the second end of one battery balancing unit is coupled to the negative terminal of another battery balancing unit, and the first end of another battery balancing unit is coupled to the positive terminal of a battery connected in series with that first battery, then these two battery balancing units can be considered connected.

[0149] At this time, the first end of the battery balancing module 403 is the first end of the battery balancing unit that is connected to only one battery balancing unit and is not grounded, the third end of the battery balancing module 403 is the second end of the battery balancing unit that is connected to only one battery balancing unit and is grounded, and the control end of the battery balancing module 403 includes the control end of each battery balancing unit.

[0150] based on Figure 5The power management circuit 40 shown, when the battery module 402 begins charging or discharging, the control device 401 first controls the disconnection between the first and second terminals of all battery balancing units. At this time, all batteries in the battery module 403 are connected in series for charging or discharging. Subsequently, if an imbalance in the capacity of the first and second batteries occurs in the battery module 402, the control device 401 can specifically control multiple battery balancing units in the battery balancing module 403 to make the capacity of the first and second batteries tend to be balanced.

[0151] In one possible implementation, the control device 401 can send a disconnect command to the control terminals of all battery balancing units to disconnect the first and second terminals of all balancing units. Subsequently, depending on the specific state of the battery module (charging or discharging), one of the following two scenarios may occur.

[0152] First scenario:

[0153] When battery module 402 is charging, if the capacities of the first and second batteries in battery module 402 are unbalanced, the control device 401 can specifically control the battery balancing module 403 by adjusting the first target battery balancing unit to form a parallel path with the first target battery. The first target battery balancing unit is the battery balancing unit in battery balancing module 403 corresponding to the first target battery. In this case, the first and second terminals of the other battery balancing units in battery balancing module 403 remain disconnected. This results in the charging current of the larger capacity battery being less than the charging current of the smaller capacity first target battery. Consequently, during subsequent charging, the charging efficiency of the larger capacity battery will be lower than that of the smaller capacity first target battery, gradually bringing their capacities towards balance or equality. This ensures that the capacities of all batteries in the battery module are balanced, allowing each battery in the module to be fully charged simultaneously. This avoids overcharging and undercharging, ensuring normal battery life and improving the user experience.

[0154] Furthermore, when the battery module is charging, in order to more quickly balance the capacities of the unbalanced first and second batteries, the control device can also control the first target battery balancing unit to continuously increase the current in the parallel path of the first target battery, making the charging current of the first target battery smaller and smaller compared to the charging current of the second target battery, and the charging rate of the first target battery smaller and smaller compared to the charging rate of the second target battery, until the capacities of the unbalanced first and second batteries become balanced (equal or approximately equal).

[0155] In one possible implementation, the increase in current in the parallel path of the first target battery can be achieved by reducing the resistance in the parallel path. Based on this, the control device can control the balancing unit of the first target battery to reduce the resistance in the parallel path of the first target battery according to a preset rule until the capacity of the first battery and the second battery are balanced (i.e., the capacity difference is less than a preset threshold or the voltage difference is greater than a preset voltage difference).

[0156] In this way, the control device can more quickly adjust the capacity of two batteries with unbalanced capacity to balance, so that all batteries in the battery module can be fully charged at the same time, avoiding abnormal situations such as overcharging and undercharging, ensuring the normal life of the battery, and improving the user experience.

[0157] The second scenario:

[0158] When battery module 402 is in a discharging state, if the capacities of the first and second batteries in battery module 402 are unbalanced, the control device 401 can specifically control the battery balancing module 403 by adjusting the second target battery balancing unit to form a parallel path for the second target battery. The second target battery balancing unit is the battery balancing unit in battery balancing module 403 corresponding to the second target battery. In this case, the first and second terminals of other battery balancing units in battery balancing module 403 remain disconnected. This results in the discharge current of the larger capacity battery being greater than the discharge current of the smaller capacity second target battery. Consequently, during subsequent discharge, the discharge efficiency of the larger capacity battery will be higher than that of the smaller capacity second target battery, gradually bringing their capacities towards balance or equality. This allows the capacities of all batteries in the battery module to be balanced, enabling each battery in the battery module to discharge completely simultaneously, avoiding abnormal situations such as over-discharge or incomplete discharge, ensuring normal battery life, and improving the user experience.

[0159] Furthermore, when the battery module is in a discharging state, in order to more quickly balance the capacities of the unbalanced first and second batteries, the control device can also control the second target battery balancing unit to continuously increase the current in the parallel path of the second target battery. The discharge current of the second target battery becomes smaller and smaller compared to the discharge current of the first target battery, and the discharge rate of the first target battery becomes higher and higher compared to the discharge rate of the second target battery, until the capacities of the unbalanced first and second batteries become balanced (equal or approximately equal).

[0160] In one feasible approach, the increase in current in the parallel path of the second target battery can be achieved by reducing the resistance in that parallel path. Based on this, the control device can control the balancing unit of the second target battery to reduce the resistance in the parallel path of the second target battery according to a preset rule until the capacities of the first and second batteries are balanced (i.e., the capacity difference is less than a preset threshold or the voltage difference is greater than a preset voltage difference). In this way, the control device can more quickly adjust the capacities of the two unbalanced batteries to a balanced state. This allows each battery in the battery module to discharge its charge simultaneously, avoiding abnormal situations such as over-discharge or incomplete discharge, ensuring the normal lifespan of the batteries, and improving the user experience.

[0161] In some embodiments, combined with Figure 5 , refer to Figure 6 As shown, the battery balancing unit can specifically be a field-effect transistor (FET), or more specifically, a MOSFET. Multiple battery balancing units can be multiple MOSFETs. For example... Figure 6 As shown, multiple MOSFETs, including MOSFET Q1, MOSFET Q2, MOSFET Q3, ..., MOSFET Qn, are used as battery balancing units, with each MOSFET corresponding to one battery. The gate of each MOSFET in the battery balancing unit is connected to the second terminal of the control device.

[0162] Each MOSFET serving as a battery balancing unit has its drain coupled to the positive terminal of one battery and its source coupled to the negative terminal of one battery. In other words, the drain of each MOSFET in the battery balancing unit is coupled to only the positive terminal of one battery, and the source of each MOSFET in the battery balancing unit is coupled to only the negative terminal of one battery. The gate of each MOSFET in the battery balancing unit is the control terminal, the drain of each MOSFET in the battery balancing unit is the first terminal, and the source of each MOSFET in the battery balancing unit is the second terminal.

[0163] The source of one MOSFET serving as a battery balancing unit is coupled to the negative terminal of a battery, and the drain of another MOSFET serving as a battery balancing unit is coupled to the positive terminal of a battery connected in series with the first battery. These two MOSFETs serving as battery balancing units can be considered connected.

[0164] At this time, the first terminal of the battery balancing module 403 is the drain of a MOSFET that is connected to only one MOSFET and is not grounded, the third terminal of the battery balancing module 403 is the source of a MOSFET that is connected to only one MOSFET and is grounded, and the control terminal of the battery balancing module 403 includes the gate of each MOSFET.

[0165] In practice, MOSFETs can be divided into N-type and P-type. Figure 6 The example used is a P-type MOSFET as the battery balancing unit. In practice, an N-type MOSFET can also be used as the battery balancing unit, such as... Figure 7 As shown. The difference between the two lies in their threshold voltages, which can be found in the glossary of terms for MOSFETs in the previous embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0166] based on Figure 6 The power management circuit 40 shown, when the battery module 402 starts charging or discharging, the control device 401 first controls the source and drain of all MOSFETs to disconnect. At this time, all batteries in the battery module 403 are connected in series for charging or discharging. In one implementation, the control device 401 can send a disconnect command to the control terminal of all MOSFETs to make all MOSFETs operate in the cutoff region. If the MOSFET is a P-type MOSFET, the disconnect command can be a low-level signal; if the MOSFET is an N-type MOSFET, the disconnect command can be a high-level signal. Afterwards, depending on the specific state of the battery module (charging state or discharging state), the following two situations may exist.

[0167] First scenario:

[0168] When battery module 402 is charging, if the capacities of the first and second batteries in battery module 402 are unbalanced, the control device 401 can specifically control the first target battery balancing unit as follows: When the capacities of the first and second batteries in battery module 402 are unbalanced, the first target MOS transistor is controlled to operate in the linear region, so that the first target MOS transistor forms a parallel path with the first target battery. Here, the first target MOS transistor is the MOS transistor in battery balancing module 403 corresponding to the first target battery. Controlling the first target MOS transistor to operate in the linear region can be based on a linear command determined by the threshold voltage of the first target MOS transistor. This linear command can be a level signal that allows the first target MOS transistor to operate in the linear region, and the voltage of this level signal is slightly greater than the threshold voltage of the first target MOS transistor. When the first target MOS transistor operates in the linear region, it can be equivalent to a variable resistor, and its equivalent resistance value is negatively correlated with the voltage value of the level signal received at its gate; that is, the larger the voltage value of the level signal received at the gate of the first target MOS transistor, the smaller the equivalent resistance value of the first target MOS transistor.

[0169] In this case, the other MOSFETs in the battery balancing module that serve as battery balancing units operate in the cutoff region.

[0170] For example, refer to Figure 8As shown, taking battery module 402 as including two batteries BAT1 and BAT2, and battery balancing module 403 as including two MOSFETs Q1 and Q2, where Q1 corresponds to BAT1 and Q2 corresponds to BAT2, when battery module 402 is in a charging state and the voltage of BAT1 is greater than that of BAT2, the control device can control Q1 to operate in the linear region and control Q2 to operate in the cutoff region. The direction of the charging current at this time is as follows... Figure 8 As shown, the charging current flowing through BAT1 and the current flowing through Q1 are combined and then pass through BAT2. Thus, the charging current of BAT2 is greater than that of BAT1, and the capacities of BAT1 and BAT2 will gradually reach equilibrium.

[0171] In this embodiment, if the battery balancing unit is a MOSFET, the control command (e.g., disconnect command, linearization command, etc.) received by the gate of the MOSFET can be a level signal generated by the control device using pulse width modulation (PWM) technology, for example... Figure 6 The PWM1, PWM2, PWM3, ..., PWMn are used in this example. Subsequent implementations follow the same principle.

[0172] Of course, since the level signal generated by PWM technology is a periodically changing square wave, when the control device inputs this level signal to the gate of the MOSFET, it also needs to be converted into a DC level signal by a filtering circuit. The same applies to subsequent embodiments.

[0173] In this scenario, the sources and drains of the other MOSFETs in the battery balancing module 403 remain disconnected. This results in the charging current of the larger-capacity battery being less than that of the smaller-capacity first target battery. Consequently, during subsequent charging, the charging efficiency of the larger-capacity battery will be lower than that of the smaller-capacity first target battery, gradually causing their capacities to balance or become equal. This balance ensures that all batteries in the battery module have a balanced capacity, allowing them to be fully charged simultaneously. This prevents overcharging and undercharging, ensuring normal battery life and improving the user experience.

[0174] Furthermore, when the battery module is charging, in order to more quickly balance the capacities of the unbalanced first and second batteries, the control device can control the first target MOSFET to continuously increase the current in the parallel path of the first target battery. The charging current of the first target battery becomes smaller and smaller compared to the charging current of the second target battery, and the charging rate of the first target battery becomes lower and lower compared to the charging rate of the second target battery, until the capacities of the unbalanced first and second batteries become balanced (equal or approximately equal).

[0175] In one possible implementation, the increase in current in the parallel path of the first target battery can be achieved by reducing the resistance in the parallel path. Based on this, the control device can control the first target MOSFET to reduce the resistance in the parallel path of the first target battery according to a preset rule until the capacities of the first and second batteries are balanced (i.e., the capacity difference is less than a preset threshold or the voltage difference is greater than a preset voltage difference). For example, whenever the control device detects a capacity imbalance between the first and second batteries, it can increase the voltage of the level signal input to the gate of the first target MOSFET by a fixed step size, so that the current flowing through the first target MOSFET gradually increases, which is equivalent to gradually reducing the resistance of the parallel path containing the first target MOSFET. The size of this fixed step size can be determined according to actual needs, and this application does not impose specific limitations on it.

[0176] In this way, the control device can adjust the capacity of two unbalanced batteries to a balanced state by controlling the MOSFET. This allows all batteries in the battery module to be fully charged simultaneously, avoiding abnormal situations such as overcharging and undercharging, ensuring the normal lifespan of the batteries, and improving the user experience.

[0177] The second scenario:

[0178] When battery module 402 is in a discharging state, if the capacities of the first and second batteries in battery module 402 are unbalanced, the control device 401 can specifically control the second target battery balancing unit as follows: When the capacities of the first and second batteries in battery module 402 are unbalanced, the second target MOS transistor is controlled to operate in the linear region, so that the second target MOS transistor forms a parallel path for the second target battery. Here, the second target MOS transistor is the MOS transistor in battery balancing module 403 corresponding to the second target battery. Controlling the second target MOS transistor to operate in the linear region can be based on a linear command determined by the threshold voltage of the second target MOS transistor. This linear command can be a level signal that allows the second target MOS transistor to operate in the linear region, and the voltage of this level signal is slightly greater than the threshold voltage of the second target MOS transistor. When the first target MOS transistor operates in the linear region, the second target MOS transistor can be equivalent to a variable resistor, and its equivalent resistance value is negatively correlated with the voltage value of the level signal received at its gate; that is, the larger the voltage value of the level signal received at the gate of the second target MOS transistor, the smaller the equivalent resistance value of the second target MOS transistor.

[0179] In this case, the other MOSFETs in the battery balancing module that serve as battery balancing units operate in the cutoff region.

[0180] For example, refer to Figure 9As shown, taking battery module 402 as including two batteries BAT1 and BAT2, and battery balancing module 403 as including two MOSFETs Q1 and Q2, where Q1 corresponds to BAT1 and Q2 corresponds to BAT2, when battery module 402 is in a charging state and the voltage of BAT2 is greater than that of BAT1, the control device can control Q1 to operate in the linear region and control Q2 to operate in the cutoff region. The direction of the charging current at this time is as follows... Figure 9 As shown, after the discharge current flowing through BAT2 is shunted, one path flows through Q1 into the control device, and the other path flows through BAT1 into the control device. In this way, the discharge current of BAT2 is greater than that of BAT1, and the capacities of BAT1 and BAT2 will gradually tend to balance.

[0181] In this scenario, the sources and drains of the other MOSFETs in the battery balancing module 403 remain disconnected. This causes the discharge current of the larger target battery (first target battery) to be greater than the charging current of the smaller target battery (second target battery). Consequently, during subsequent charging, the discharge efficiency of the larger target battery (first target battery) will be higher than that of the smaller target battery (second target battery), gradually bringing their capacities towards balance or equality. This ensures that the capacities of all batteries in the battery module are balanced, allowing each battery to discharge completely simultaneously. This prevents over-discharge and incomplete discharge, ensuring normal battery life and improving the user experience.

[0182] Furthermore, when the battery module is in a discharging state, in order to more quickly balance the capacities of the unbalanced first and second batteries, the control device can also control the second target MOSFET to continuously increase the current in the parallel path of the second target battery. The discharge current of the second target battery becomes smaller and smaller compared to the discharge current of the first target battery, and the charging rate of the first target battery becomes higher and higher compared to the charging rate of the second target battery, until the capacities of the unbalanced first and second batteries become balanced (equal or approximately equal).

[0183] In one possible implementation, the increase in current in the parallel path of the second target battery can be achieved by reducing the resistance in the parallel path. Based on this, the control device can control the second target MOSFET to reduce the resistance in the parallel path of the second target battery according to a preset rule until the capacities of the first and second batteries are balanced (i.e., the capacity difference is less than a preset threshold or the voltage difference is greater than a preset voltage difference). For example, whenever the control device detects a capacity imbalance between the first and second batteries, it can increase the voltage of the level signal input to the gate of the second target MOSFET by a fixed step size, so that the current flowing through the second target MOSFET gradually increases, which is equivalent to gradually reducing the resistance of the parallel path containing the second target MOSFET. The size of this fixed step size can be determined according to actual needs, and this application does not impose specific limitations on it.

[0184] In this way, the control device can adjust the capacity of two unbalanced batteries to a balanced state by controlling the MOSFET. This allows each battery in the battery module to discharge its power simultaneously, avoiding abnormal situations such as over-discharge or incomplete discharge, ensuring the normal lifespan of the batteries, and improving the user experience.

[0185] It should be noted that the above Figures 6-9 The power management circuit provided in this application is illustrated by using a MOSFET as the battery balancing unit. In practice, the battery balancing unit can also be composed of any other feasible components. For example, the battery balancing unit can be a transistor, and the control logic of a transistor is similar to that of a MOSFET.

[0186] For example, Figure 10 As shown, the battery balancing unit may include a first switch K1, a second switch K2, and a variable resistor R. The control terminals of the battery balancing unit include the control terminal B of the first switch K1, the control terminal C of the second switch, and the control terminal E of the variable resistor R. The first terminal of the battery balancing unit can be A, and the second terminal can be D. When the first and second terminals of the battery balancing unit need to be disconnected, the control device can control K1 and K2 to disconnect via B and C. When the battery balancing unit needs to be used as a parallel path, K1 can be disconnected via B, and K2 can be closed via C. When it is necessary to adjust the resistance or current value of the battery balancing unit as a parallel path, the resistance of the variable resistor R can be controlled via E. When the first and second terminals of the battery balancing unit need to be connected (specifically, in this application, a complete connection similar to a wire), the resistance of the variable resistor R can be controlled to 0 via E, K1 can be disconnected via B, and K2 can be closed via C. The same principle applies to subsequent embodiments.

[0187] In practice, batteries in a battery module may malfunction due to operating conditions or other feasible reasons during use. In such cases, it is necessary to isolate the malfunctioning battery promptly, preventing it from operating while allowing the other batteries to function normally. Based on this, in some embodiments, combined with... Figure 5 , refer to Figure 11 As shown, the power management module 40 also includes multiple switching units, each corresponding to one battery. Figure 11 As shown, multiple switching units may include switching unit 1, switching unit 2, switching unit 3... switching unit n. The first terminal of each switching unit is coupled to the negative terminal of a battery, the second terminal of each switching unit is coupled to the second terminal of a battery balancing unit, and the control terminal of each switching unit is coupled to the fourth terminal of the control device 401. The fourth terminal of the control device 401 includes multiple control pins, each control pin being coupled to the control terminal of a switching unit.

[0188] When the battery module begins charging or discharging, and all batteries are in normal condition, the control device can control the first and second terminals of all battery balancing units to disconnect, and control the first and second terminals of all switching units to connect. In one implementation, the control device 401 can send a disconnect command to the control terminal of all battery balancing units to disconnect the first and second terminals of all battery balancing units. The control device 401 can also send a connect command to the control terminal of all switching units to connect the first and second terminals of all switching units.

[0189] When the control device 401 detects that the target battery in the battery module 402 is in an abnormal state, it controls the first and second terminals of the target switch unit to disconnect and controls the first and second terminals of the target battery balancing unit to conduct.

[0190] Abnormal states can include voltage abnormalities, temperature abnormalities, and current abnormalities. Voltage abnormality refers to the battery voltage being outside the normal voltage range, which can be considered a characteristic parameter of the battery. Temperature abnormality refers to the battery voltage being outside the normal temperature range, which can be considered a characteristic parameter of the battery. Current abnormality refers to the battery voltage being outside the normal current range, which can be considered a characteristic parameter of the battery. Specifically, the control device 401 can determine whether each battery is in an abnormal state by monitoring the voltage, current, and temperature of each battery in the battery module 402. The monitoring of battery voltage, current, and temperature by the control device 401 can be done in any feasible manner, and this application does not impose any specific restrictions on this.

[0191] Among them, the target switching unit is the switching unit corresponding to the target battery among multiple switching units, and the target battery balancing unit is the battery balancing unit corresponding to the target battery.

[0192] In one possible implementation, the control device 401 can send a conduction command to the control terminal of the target battery balancing unit to establish conduction between the first and second terminals of the target battery balancing unit. The control device 401 can also send a disconnection command to the control terminal of the target switching unit to establish conduction between the first and second terminals of the target switching unit.

[0193] In some embodiments, when the control device detects that the target battery in the battery module 402 is in an abnormal state, it can also control the electronic device to output a safety alarm to inform the user that some batteries are abnormal and to send them for inspection and repair in a timely manner.

[0194] Based on the above scheme, the control device can disconnect the target battery and stop it from working by controlling the target battery balancing unit and the target switching unit, and the charging current or discharging current will no longer pass through the target battery. This ensures the normal operation of other batteries, allowing the electronic device to operate normally, guaranteeing normal user operation, and improving the user experience.

[0195] In some embodiments, when the capacities of the first battery and the second battery in the battery module are unbalanced, in addition to controlling the battery balancing unit to make the capacities of the first battery and the second battery tend to be balanced, the control device can also control the switching unit to make the capacities of the two batteries with unbalanced capacities gradually equalize.

[0196] When the battery module is charging, the control device can disconnect the first and second terminals of the first target switching unit; the first target switching unit is the switching unit corresponding to the first target battery among multiple switching units. In this way, the first target battery can be in an open-circuit state for a certain period of time and stop charging, while the second target battery continues to charge, and the capacities of the two gradually approach equilibrium (equal or approximately equal). Then, when the capacities of the first and second target batteries are balanced, the control device can reconnect the first and second terminals of the first target switching unit. This allows both batteries to discharge normally when their capacities are balanced.

[0197] In this way, by controlling the switching unit, the capacity of all batteries can be made to be balanced, so that each battery in the battery module can be fully charged at the same time, avoiding abnormal situations such as overcharging and undercharging, ensuring the normal life of the battery, and improving the user experience.

[0198] When the battery module is discharging, the control device can disconnect the first and second terminals of the second target switching unit; the second target switching unit is the switching unit corresponding to the second target battery among multiple switching units. In this way, the second target battery can be in an open-circuit state for a certain period of time, ceasing to discharge, while the first target battery continues to charge, and the capacities of the two gradually approach equilibrium (equal or approximately equal). Then, when the capacities of the first and second target batteries are balanced, the control device can again connect the first and second terminals of the second target switching unit. This allows both batteries to discharge normally when their capacities are balanced.

[0199] In this way, by controlling the switching unit, the capacity of all batteries can be made to be balanced. This allows each battery in the battery module to discharge its power at the same time, avoiding abnormal situations such as overcharging and undercharging, ensuring the normal lifespan of the batteries, and improving the user experience.

[0200] In some embodiments, combined with Figure 11 and Figure 6 , refer to Figure 12 As shown, the switching unit can specifically be a MOSFET. Figure 12 As shown, the multiple switching units include MOSFETs T1, TQ2, T3, ..., Tn. Each MOSFET in a switching unit corresponds to a battery, and the gate of each MOSFET in a switching unit is coupled to the fourth terminal of the control device 401.

[0201] Each MOSFET serving as a switching unit has its drain coupled to the positive terminal of a battery, and its source coupled to the source of a MOSFET serving as a battery balancing unit. The gate of each MOSFET in the switching unit is the control terminal, the drain of each MOSFET in the switching unit is the first terminal, and the source of each MOSFET in the switching unit is the second terminal.

[0202] When the control device needs to control the first and second terminals of the switching unit to be turned on, the control device can specifically control the MOSFET serving as the switching unit to operate in the saturation region. Specifically, the control device can input a turn-on command to the gate of the MOSFET serving as the switching unit. This turn-on command can be a level signal that allows the MOSFET serving as the switching unit to operate in the saturation region.

[0203] When the control device needs to disconnect the first and second terminals of the switching unit, the control device can specifically control the MOSFET serving as the switching unit to operate in the cutoff region. Specifically, the control device can input a disconnect command to the gate of the MOSFET serving as the switching unit. This disconnect command can be a level signal that allows the MOSFET serving as the switching unit to operate in the cutoff region. In some embodiments, refer to... Figure 12 As shown, the fourth terminal of the control device may include multiple GPIO interfaces, and each GPIO interface may be coupled to the gate of a MOS transistor as a switching unit, for outputting a level signal to control the MOS transistor.

[0204] In some embodiments, the switching unit may also be any other feasible component, such as a switch, and this application does not impose any specific restrictions on it.

[0205] In some embodiments, the control device in the power management circuit can also manage and control the power management circuit by monitoring the current (including charging current and discharging current) of each battery in the battery module.

[0206] Generally, when the battery module is charging, the control device in the power management circuit keeps the charging current constant at a first threshold (e.g., 1000mA) until the voltage of each battery reaches its rated value. Once the voltage of each battery reaches its rated value, the charging current gradually decreases until it drops to a second threshold (e.g., 100mA). Based on this, in some embodiments, the control device can determine that all batteries in the battery module are fully charged when it detects that the charging current of each battery in the battery module is approximately equal to the second threshold, and then stop charging the battery module. Simultaneously, the control device can also control the electronic device to output a full charge notification message to remind the user that the battery is fully charged.

[0207] In other embodiments, after controlling the battery balancing module to adjust the current of the first target battery or the second target battery in the battery module, the control device can also monitor the current of the first target battery or the second target battery. If it is determined that the change in the current of the first target battery or the second target battery does not conform to the expected change (e.g., decrease, increase, or the current of the first target battery is greater than the current of the second target battery, or the current of the second target battery is greater than the current of the first target battery), a preset strategy is executed. This preset strategy can be any feasible strategy, such as continuing to adjust the battery balancing module to further adjust the current of the first target battery or the second target battery in the battery module. Another example is disconnecting the first target battery or the second target battery. This application does not impose specific limitations in this regard.

[0208] The power management method provided in the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below. The power management method in the embodiments of this application can be applied to the above-described... Figures 4 to 12 The power management circuit shown is shown.

[0209] Figure 13 This is a flowchart illustrating a power management method provided in an embodiment of this application. This method can be specifically implemented by a control device of a power management circuit in an electronic device. (Refer to...) Figure 13 As shown, in the power management circuit as Figure 4 In the case shown, the method may include S1301-S1302:

[0210] S1301, Monitor the capacity of each battery in the battery module.

[0211] Regarding the monitoring of the capacity of each battery in the battery module by the control module, this application does not impose any specific restrictions on the use of any feasible technical means.

[0212] In addition, to promptly detect capacity imbalances among batteries throughout the charging cycle, the control device can monitor the capacity of each battery in the battery module in real time or periodically. For example, it could monitor the capacity of each battery in the battery module every 5 seconds.

[0213] In practice, for a battery, its voltage changes with its capacity during charging or discharging; that is, there is a positive correlation between battery voltage and capacity. Therefore, in some embodiments, combined with... Figure 13 , refer to Figure 14 As shown, S1301 can specifically be S1301A:

[0214] S1301A: Monitors the voltage of each battery in the battery module.

[0215] The specific implementation of S1301A can be referred to in the aforementioned embodiments. Figure 4 The relevant statements will not be repeated here.

[0216] S1302. When the capacities of the first battery and the second battery in the battery module are unbalanced, the battery balancing module is adjusted so that the capacities of the first battery and the second battery tend to be balanced.

[0217] The first battery and the second battery are any two batteries in the battery module.

[0218] In one feasible approach, the capacity imbalance between the two batteries can be caused by a significant difference in their capacities. Based on this, the control device can determine that the first and second batteries are unbalanced if the capacity difference between them exceeds a preset threshold. Conversely, if the capacity difference is less than the preset threshold, the device determines that the first and second batteries are in balance.

[0219] During the adjustment of the battery balancing module by the control device, if the capacity difference between the first battery and the second battery decreases to less than a preset threshold, and the control device stops adjusting the battery balancing module or returns it to its original state, the capacity difference between the first battery and the second battery may quickly exceed the preset threshold again. Therefore, in order to keep the capacity difference between the first battery and the second battery below the preset threshold for a certain period of time, the control device can control the battery balancing module until the capacity difference between the first battery and the second battery is even lower. Based on this, S1302 can specifically be S1302':

[0220] S1302' If the capacity difference between the first battery and the second battery in the battery module is greater than a preset threshold, the battery balancing module is adjusted until the capacity difference between the first battery and the second battery is less than the balancing threshold.

[0221] Among them, the balance threshold is less than the preset threshold.

[0222] In this way, the control device can adjust the battery balancing module so that two batteries with unbalanced capacity can remain in a balanced state for a certain period of time after balancing, reducing the need for the control device to adjust the battery balancing module and lowering the consumption of processing resources.

[0223] In some embodiments, capacity can be characterized by voltage, and a preset threshold can be a preset voltage difference. In this case, S1302 can determine that the capacity of the first battery and the second battery is unbalanced when the voltage difference between the first battery and the second battery in the battery module is greater than the preset voltage difference, and adjust the battery balancing module to make the capacity of the first battery and the second battery tend to be balanced. For example, the preset voltage difference can be 50mV.

[0224] Furthermore, the balance threshold can include the balance voltage difference, in which case, combined with Figure 13 , refer to Figure 14 As shown, S1302 can specifically be S1302A:

[0225] S1302A: When the voltage difference between the first battery and the second battery in the battery module is greater than the preset voltage difference, the battery balancing module is adjusted until the voltage difference between the first battery and the second battery is less than the balance voltage difference.

[0226] For example, the balance voltage difference can be 20mV.

[0227] Based on the above technical solution, whether charging or discharging, the control device in the power management circuit can monitor each battery in the battery module and adjust the battery balancing module in a timely manner to make the capacity of all batteries tend to be balanced. In this way, each battery in the battery module can simultaneously discharge or fully charge, avoiding abnormal situations such as overcharging, over-discharging, undercharging, and under-discharging, ensuring the normal life of the battery and improving the user experience.

[0228] In practice, the battery module will have charging and discharging states. The determination of these two states can be made by the control device. For specific implementation, please refer to the relevant descriptions in the foregoing embodiments.

[0229] In some embodiments, the control device's control over the battery balancing module differs depending on whether the battery module is charging or discharging. Figure 13 , refer to Figure 15 As shown, S1302 can be S1501 and S1502:

[0230] S1501. When the battery is in a charging state, if the capacity of the first battery and the second battery is unbalanced, the battery balancing module is controlled to make adjustments so that the first target battery increases the parallel path.

[0231] In this configuration, the first target battery is the one with the larger capacity between the first battery and the second battery. In one possible implementation, the first target battery can specifically be the one with the larger voltage between the first battery and the second battery.

[0232] In some embodiments, in order to quickly balance the capacities of the unbalanced first and second batteries, the control device can control the battery balancing module to continuously increase the current in the parallel path of the first target battery, making the charging current of the first target battery smaller and smaller compared to the charging current of the second target battery, and making the charging rate of the first target battery smaller and smaller compared to the charging rate of the second target battery, until the capacities of the unbalanced first and second batteries become balanced (or equal). Based on this, combined with Figure 15 , refer to Figure 16 As shown, S1501 can be S1501A:

[0233] S1501A: When the battery is in a charging state, if the capacity of the first battery and the second battery is unbalanced, the battery balancing module is controlled to make adjustments, so that the first target battery increases the parallel path, and the current of the parallel path of the first target battery increases through the adjustment of the battery balancing module until the capacity of the first battery and the second battery are balanced.

[0234] The balance between the first battery and the second battery can refer to the capacity difference between the first battery and the second battery being less than a preset threshold, or the voltage difference between the first battery and the second battery being less than a preset voltage difference.

[0235] The specific implementation of S1501A can be found in the relevant descriptions in the aforementioned embodiments for the power management module, and will not be repeated here.

[0236] Based on the technical solution corresponding to S1501, when the two batteries in the battery module have inconsistent capacities during charging, the control device can create a parallel path for the battery with the larger capacity through the battery balancing module. In this way, the charging current through the smaller capacity battery is the sum of the charging current of the larger target battery and the current through this parallel path. That is, by controlling the battery balancing module, the control device ensures that the charging current of the larger capacity battery is less than the charging current of the smaller target battery. Therefore, during subsequent charging, the charging efficiency of the larger capacity battery will be lower than that of the smaller target battery, gradually bringing the capacities of the two batteries towards balance or equality. This ensures that the capacities of all batteries in the battery module are balanced, allowing all batteries in the module to be fully charged simultaneously. This avoids overcharging and undercharging, ensuring normal battery life and improving the user experience.

[0237] S1502. When the battery is in a discharging state, if the capacity of the first battery and the second battery is unbalanced, the battery balancing module is controlled to make adjustments so that the second target battery increases the parallel path.

[0238] The second target battery is the one with the smaller capacity between the first and second batteries. In one possible implementation, the second target battery can specifically be the one with the smaller voltage between the first and second batteries.

[0239] In some embodiments, in order to quickly balance the capacities of the unbalanced first and second batteries, the control device can control the battery balancing module to continuously increase the current in the parallel path of the second target battery, making the discharge current of the first target battery increasingly larger than the discharge current of the second target battery, and the discharge rate of the second target battery increasingly lower than the discharge rate of the first target battery, until the capacities of the unbalanced first and second batteries become balanced (or equal). Based on this, combined with Figure 15 , refer to Figure 16 As shown, S1502 may include S1502A:

[0240] S1502A: When the battery is in a discharging state, if the capacity of the first battery and the second battery is unbalanced, the battery balancing module is controlled to make adjustments, so that the second target battery increases the parallel path, and the current of the parallel path of the second target battery increases through the adjustment of the battery balancing module until the capacity of the first battery and the second battery are balanced.

[0241] The specific implementation of S1502A can be found in the relevant descriptions in the aforementioned embodiments for the power management module, and will not be repeated here.

[0242] Based on the technical solution corresponding to S1501, when the two batteries in the battery module exhibit inconsistent capacities during discharge, the control device can create a parallel path for the battery with the smaller capacity (i.e., the second target battery) through the battery balancing module. This parallel path then diverts current to the second target battery, while the current in the first target battery is the sum of the current in this parallel path and the current in the first target battery. Thus, the discharge current through the first target battery is the sum of the discharge current of the second target battery and the current through the parallel path. In other words, by controlling the battery balancing module, the control device ensures that the discharge current of the larger-capacity first target battery is greater than the discharge current of the smaller-capacity second target battery. Consequently, during subsequent discharge, the discharge efficiency of the larger-capacity first target battery will be higher than that of the smaller-capacity second target battery, gradually bringing their capacities towards balance or equality. This ensures that the capacities of all batteries in the battery module are balanced, allowing each battery in the module to discharge completely simultaneously. This avoids abnormal situations such as over-discharge or incomplete discharge, ensuring normal battery life and improving the user experience.

[0243] In some embodiments, if the power management circuit in the electronic device is as follows Figure 5 As shown, S1302 may specifically include: when the capacities of the first battery and the second battery in the battery module are unbalanced, controlling multiple battery balancing units in the battery balancing module to make the capacities of the first battery and the second battery tend to be balanced.

[0244] In some embodiments, combined with Figure 15 , refer to Figure 17 As shown, S1501 can specifically be S1701:

[0245] S1701. When the battery is in a charging state, if the capacity of the first battery and the second battery is unbalanced, the first target battery balancing unit is controlled to make adjustments so that the first target battery balancing unit forms a parallel path for the first target battery.

[0246] The first target battery balancing unit is the battery balancing unit in the battery balancing module that corresponds to the first target battery.

[0247] In this case, the first and second terminals of the other battery balancing units in the battery balancing module can be disconnected.

[0248] Furthermore, in order to more quickly balance the capacities of the first and second batteries, combined with Figure 16 , refer to Figure 18 As shown, S1501A can specifically be S1701A:

[0249] S1701A: When the battery is in a charging state, if the capacity of the first battery and the second battery is unbalanced, the first target battery balancing unit is controlled to adjust so that the first target battery balancing unit forms a parallel path of the first target battery, and the current of the parallel path of the first target battery is increased by adjusting the first target battery balancing unit until the capacity of the first battery and the second battery is balanced.

[0250] Based on the technical solution corresponding to S1701 above, the charging current of the larger capacity battery is less than that of the smaller capacity first target battery. Therefore, during subsequent charging, the charging efficiency of the larger capacity battery will be lower than that of the smaller capacity first target battery, gradually causing their capacities to balance or become equal. This ensures that the capacities of all batteries in the battery module are balanced, allowing each battery in the module to be fully charged simultaneously. This avoids abnormal situations such as overcharging or undercharging, ensuring the normal lifespan of the batteries and improving the user experience.

[0251] In some embodiments, if the power management circuit in the electronic device is as follows Figure 5 As shown, then combined Figure 15 , refer to Figure 17 As shown, S1502 can specifically be S1702:

[0252] S1702. When the battery is in a discharging state, if the capacity of the first battery and the second battery is unbalanced, the second target battery balancing unit is controlled to adjust so that the second target battery balancing unit forms a parallel path for the second target battery.

[0253] The second target battery balancing unit is the battery balancing unit in the battery balancing module that corresponds to the second target battery.

[0254] In this case, the first and second terminals of the other battery balancing units in the battery balancing module can be disconnected.

[0255] Furthermore, in order to more quickly balance the capacities of the first and second batteries, combined with Figure 16 , refer to Figure 18 As shown, S1502A can specifically be S1702A:

[0256] S1702A: When the battery is in a discharging state, if the capacity of the first battery and the second battery is unbalanced, the second target battery balancing unit is controlled to adjust, so that the second target battery balancing unit forms a parallel path of the second target battery, and the current of the parallel path of the second target battery is increased by adjusting the second target battery balancing unit until the capacity of the first battery and the second battery is balanced.

[0257] Based on the technical solution corresponding to S1702 above, the discharge current of the larger capacity battery is greater than that of the smaller capacity second target battery. Therefore, during subsequent discharge, the discharge efficiency of the larger capacity battery will be higher than that of the smaller capacity second target battery, gradually causing their capacities to approach equilibrium or equality. This ensures that the capacities of all batteries in the battery module are balanced, allowing each battery in the module to discharge completely simultaneously. This avoids abnormal situations such as over-discharge or incomplete discharge, ensuring normal battery life and improving the user experience.

[0258] In some embodiments, if the power management circuit in the electronic device is as follows Figure 6 As shown, then combined Figure 15 , refer to Figure 19 As shown, S1501 can specifically be S1901:

[0259] S1901. When the battery is in a charging state, if the capacity of the first battery and the second battery is unbalanced, control the first target MOS transistor to work in the linear region so that the first target MOS transistor forms a parallel path for the first target battery.

[0260] In this configuration, the first target MOSFET is the MOSFET in the battery balancing module 403 corresponding to the first target battery. In this case, the source and drain of the other MOSFETs in the battery balancing module, which serve as battery balancing units, can operate in the cutoff region.

[0261] Controlling the first target MOSFET to operate in the linear region can be based on a linear instruction determined by its threshold voltage. This linear instruction can be a voltage level signal that allows the first target MOSFET to operate in the linear region, and this voltage level signal is slightly higher than the threshold voltage of the first target MOSFET. When the first target MOSFET is operating in the linear region, it can be considered as a variable resistor, and its equivalent resistance value is negatively correlated with the voltage value of the voltage level signal received at its gate; that is, the larger the voltage value of the voltage level signal received at the gate of the first target MOSFET, the smaller the equivalent resistance value of the first target MOSFET.

[0262] Furthermore, in order to more quickly balance the capacities of the first and second batteries, combined with Figure 16 , refer to Figure 20 As shown, S1501A can specifically be S1901A:

[0263] S1901A: When the battery is in a charging state, if the capacity of the first battery and the second battery is unbalanced, the first target MOSFET is controlled to work in the linear region, so that the first target MOSFET forms a parallel path of the first target battery, and the current of the parallel path of the first target battery is increased by adjusting the first target MOSFET until the capacity of the first battery and the second battery are balanced.

[0264] Based on the technical solution corresponding to S1901 above, the control device can adjust the capacity of two unbalanced batteries to balance by controlling the MOS transistor. In this way, all batteries in the battery module can be fully charged at the same time, avoiding abnormal situations such as overcharging and undercharging, ensuring the normal life of the battery, and improving the user experience.

[0265] In some embodiments, if the power management circuit in the electronic device is as follows Figure 6 As shown, then combined Figure 15 , refer to Figure 19 As shown, S1502 can specifically be S1902:

[0266] S1902. When the battery is in a discharging state, if the capacity of the first battery and the second battery is unbalanced, control the second target MOSFET to work in the linear region so that the second target MOSFET forms a parallel path for the second target battery.

[0267] The second target MOSFET is the MOSFET in the battery balancing module 403 corresponding to the second target battery. In this case, the other MOSFETs in the battery balancing module that serve as battery balancing units operate in the cutoff region.

[0268] Controlling the second target MOSFET to operate in the linear region can be based on a linear instruction determined by its threshold voltage. This linear instruction can be a voltage level signal that allows the second target MOSFET to operate in the linear region, and this voltage level signal is slightly higher than the threshold voltage of the second target MOSFET. When the first target MOSFET is operating in the linear region, the second target MOSFET can be considered as a variable resistor, and its equivalent resistance value is negatively correlated with the voltage value of the voltage level signal received at its gate; that is, the larger the voltage value of the voltage level signal received at the gate of the second target MOSFET, the smaller the equivalent resistance value of the second target MOSFET.

[0269] Furthermore, in order to more quickly balance the capacities of the first and second batteries, combined with Figure 16 , refer to Figure 20 As shown, S1502A can specifically be S1902A:

[0270] S1902A: When the battery is in a charging state, if the capacity of the first battery and the second battery is unbalanced, the second target MOSFET is controlled to work in the linear region, so that the second target MOSFET forms a parallel path to the first target battery. By adjusting the second target MOSFET, the current in the parallel path of the second target battery is increased until the capacity of the first battery and the second battery are balanced.

[0271] Based on the technical solution corresponding to S1902 above, the discharge current of the larger-capacity first target battery is greater than the charging current of the smaller-capacity second target battery. Therefore, during subsequent charging, the discharge efficiency of the larger-capacity first target battery will be higher than that of the smaller-capacity second target battery, gradually causing their capacities to approach equilibrium or equality. This ensures that the capacities of all batteries in the battery module are balanced, allowing each battery in the module to discharge completely simultaneously. This avoids abnormal situations such as over-discharge or incomplete discharge, ensuring normal battery life and improving the user experience.

[0272] In some embodiments, if the power management circuit in the electronic device is as follows Figure 11 As shown, the power management method may further include:

[0273] S101. When the target battery in the battery module is detected to be in an abnormal state, the first and second terminals of the target switching unit are disconnected, and the first and second terminals of the target battery balancing unit are connected.

[0274] Among them, the target switching unit is the switching unit corresponding to the target battery among multiple switching units, and the target battery balancing unit is the battery balancing unit corresponding to the target battery.

[0275] The specific implementation of S101 can be referred to the relevant content in the foregoing embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0276] In some embodiments, when the control device detects that the target battery in the battery module 402 is in an abnormal state, it can also control the electronic device to output a safety alarm to inform the user that some batteries are abnormal and to send them for inspection and repair in a timely manner.

[0277] Based on the above scheme, the control device can disconnect the target battery and stop it from working by controlling the target battery balancing unit and the target switching unit, and the charging current or discharging current will no longer pass through the target battery. This ensures the normal operation of other batteries, allowing the electronic device to operate normally, guaranteeing normal user operation, and improving the user experience.

[0278] In some embodiments, if the power management circuit in the electronic device is as follows Figure 11 As shown, when the capacities of the first and second batteries in the battery module are unbalanced, the control device can, in addition to controlling the battery balancing unit to balance the capacities of the first and second batteries, also control the switching unit to gradually balance the capacities of the two unbalanced batteries. Based on this, the power management method may further include S201 and S202:

[0279] S201. When the battery module is in a charging state, control the first terminal and the second terminal of the first target switch unit to disconnect.

[0280] Among them, the first target switching unit is the switching unit corresponding to the first target battery among multiple switching units.

[0281] In this way, the first target battery can remain in an open-circuit state for a certain period of time, ceasing charging, while the second target battery continues to charge, and the capacities of the two gradually approach equilibrium (equal or approximately equal). Then, when the capacities of the first and second target batteries are balanced, the control device can control the first and second terminals of the first target switching unit to conduct. This allows both batteries to discharge normally when their capacities are balanced.

[0282] In this way, by controlling the switching unit, the capacity of all batteries can be made to be balanced, so that each battery in the battery module can be fully charged at the same time, avoiding abnormal situations such as overcharging and undercharging, ensuring the normal life of the battery, and improving the user experience.

[0283] S202. When the battery module is in a discharging state, control the first and second terminals of the second target switch unit to disconnect.

[0284] Among them, the second target switching unit is the switching unit corresponding to the second target battery among multiple switching units.

[0285] In this way, the second target battery can remain in an open-circuit state for a certain period of time, ceasing to discharge, while the first target battery continues to charge, and the capacities of the two gradually approach equilibrium (equal or approximately equal). Then, when the capacities of the first and second target batteries are balanced, the control device can control the first and second terminals of the second target switching unit to conduct. This allows both batteries to discharge normally when their capacities are balanced.

[0286] In this way, by controlling the switching unit, the capacity of all batteries can be made to be balanced. This allows each battery in the battery module to discharge its power at the same time, avoiding abnormal situations such as overcharging and undercharging, ensuring the normal lifespan of the batteries, and improving the user experience.

[0287] In some embodiments, if the power management circuit in the electronic device is as follows Figure 12 As shown, in the aforementioned embodiment, S101 can specifically be: when the target battery in the battery module is detected to be in an abnormal state, the target MOS transistor, which serves as the target switching unit, is controlled to work in the cutoff region, and the MOS transistor, which serves as the target battery balancing unit, is controlled to work in the saturation region (i.e., the first and second terminals of the target battery balancing unit are controlled to conduct).

[0288] Specifically, S201 can be: when the battery module is in a charging state, control the MOS transistor, which serves as the first target switching unit, to operate in the saturation region.

[0289] Specifically, S202 can be: when the battery module is in a discharging state, control the MOS, which serves as the second target switching unit, to operate in the cutoff region.

[0290] In the embodiments of this application, for any MOSFET, if the MOSFET needs to operate in the saturation region, the control device can input a turn-on command to the gate of the MOSFET. The turn-on command can be a level signal that allows the MOSFET, as a switching unit, to operate in the saturation region. If the MOSFET needs to operate in the cutoff region, the control device can input a turn-off command to the gate of the MOSFET. The turn-off command can be a level signal that allows the MOSFET, as a switching unit, to operate in the cutoff region. If the MOSFET needs to operate in the linear region, the control device can input a linearization command to the gate of the MOSFET. The linearization command can be a level signal that allows the MOSFET, as a switching unit, to operate in the linear region.

[0291] Based on the above technical solution, the switching unit can be turned on and off by controlling the MOS transistor, which serves as the switching unit.

[0292] It is understood that, in order to achieve the aforementioned functions, the electronic device includes corresponding hardware structures and / or software modules for performing each function. Those skilled in the art should readily recognize that, based on the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein, the embodiments of the present invention can be implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a function is executed in a hardware-driven or software-driven manner depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of the embodiments of this application.

[0293] This application embodiment can divide the above-described electronic device into functional modules based on the method example described above. For example, each function can be divided into its own functional modules, or two or more functions can be integrated into one processing module. The integrated modules can be implemented in hardware or as software functional modules. It should be noted that the module division in this embodiment is illustrative and only represents one logical functional division; in actual implementation, there may be other division methods.

[0294] When dividing each function into modules according to its corresponding function, refer to Figure 21 As shown in the figure, this application provides a power management device, which is used as follows: Figures 4-12 The electronic device shown includes a power management device comprising a monitoring module 211 and a processing module 212.

[0295] The detection module 211 is used to monitor the capacity of each battery in the battery module. The processing module 212 is used to adjust the battery balancing module when the capacities of the first and second batteries in the battery module are unbalanced, so that the capacities of the first and second batteries tend to be balanced.

[0296] Regarding the electronic devices in the above embodiments, the specific methods by which each module performs its operations have been described in detail in the embodiments of the information display method described above, and will not be elaborated here. The related beneficial effects can also be referred to the related beneficial effects of the aforementioned information display method, and will not be repeated here.

[0297] This application also provides an electronic device, which includes a display screen, a memory, and one or more processors; the display screen, the memory, and the processors are coupled; wherein the memory stores computer program code, which includes computer instructions, and when the computer instructions are executed by the processor, the electronic device performs the power management method provided in the foregoing embodiments. The specific structure of this electronic device can be referred to... Figure 2The structure of the electronic device shown is illustrated.

[0298] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium including computer instructions that, when executed on an electronic device, cause the electronic device to perform the power management method provided in the foregoing embodiments.

[0299] This application also provides a computer program product containing executable instructions that, when run on an electronic device, cause the electronic device to perform the power management method provided in the foregoing embodiments.

[0300] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, only the division of the above functional modules is used as an example. In actual applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above.

[0301] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus / device and method can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus / device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For instance, the division of modules or units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another device, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0302] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. A component shown as a unit can be one or more physical units; that is, it can be located in one place or distributed in multiple different locations. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0303] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0304] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, essentially or in other words, the parts that contribute to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solutions, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a device (which may be a microcontroller, chip, etc.) or processor to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0305] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A power management circuit, characterized in that, The invention is applied to an electronic device, which includes the power management circuit, a charging interface, and a system load. The output terminal of the charging interface is coupled to the first terminal of the power management circuit, and the second terminal of the power management circuit is coupled to the first terminal of the system load. The power management circuit includes a control device, a battery module, and a battery balancing module. The battery module comprises multiple batteries connected in series. A first terminal of the battery module is coupled to a first terminal of the control device and a first terminal of the battery balancing module. A second terminal of the battery module is coupled to a second terminal of the battery balancing module, and a third terminal of the battery module is coupled to a third terminal of the battery balancing module and grounded. The battery balancing module includes multiple battery balancing units, each corresponding to one battery. The control terminal of each battery balancing unit is coupled to a second terminal of the control device. The first terminal of each battery balancing unit is coupled to the positive terminal of one battery, and the second terminal of each battery balancing unit is coupled to the negative terminal of one battery. Each battery balancing unit includes a MOSFET. Each MOSFET in the battery balancing unit corresponds to one battery. The gate of each MOSFET in the battery balancing unit is coupled to the second terminal of the control device. The drain of each MOSFET in the battery balancing unit is coupled to the positive terminal of one battery, and the source of each MOSFET in the battery balancing unit is coupled to the negative terminal of one battery. The control terminal of the battery balancing module is coupled to the second terminal of the control device, the third terminal of the control device is coupled to the first terminal of the system load, and the input terminal of the control device is connected to the charging interface. The control device is configured to: Monitor the capacity of each battery in the battery module; In the event of a capacity imbalance between the first and second batteries in the battery module, multiple battery balancing units in the battery balancing module are controlled to bring the capacities of the first and second batteries closer to balance; the first and second batteries can be any two batteries in the battery module. Controlling the multiple battery balancing units in the battery balancing module to balance the capacities of the first battery and the second battery includes: When the battery module is in a charging state, if the capacities of the first battery and the second battery are unbalanced, the first target MOSFET is controlled to operate in the linear region, so that the first target MOSFET forms a parallel path for the first target battery; the first target MOSFET is a MOSFET included in the battery balancing unit of the first target battery; the first target battery is the one with the larger capacity between the first battery and the second battery; The step of controlling the first target MOS transistor to operate in the linear region, so that the first target MOS transistor forms a parallel path for the first target battery, includes: whenever an imbalance in the capacity of the first battery and the second battery is detected, controlling the equivalent resistance of the first target MOS transistor to decrease by a predetermined value, so that the resistance in the parallel path where the first target MOS transistor is located decreases by a predetermined value, until the capacity of the first battery and the second battery tends to be balanced.

2. The power management circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control device is also configured to: When the battery module is in a discharging state, if the capacities of the first battery and the second battery are unbalanced, the second target MOSFET is controlled to operate in the linear region, so that the second target MOSFET forms a parallel path for the second target battery; the second target MOSFET is a MOSFET included in the battery balancing unit of the second target battery; the second target battery is the one with the smaller capacity between the first battery and the second battery. The step of controlling the second target MOS transistor to operate in the linear region, so that the second target MOS transistor forms a parallel path for the second target battery, includes: whenever an imbalance in the capacity of the first battery and the second battery is detected, controlling the equivalent resistance of the second target MOS transistor to decrease by a predetermined value, so that the resistance in the parallel path where the second target MOS transistor is located decreases by the predetermined value, until the capacity of the first battery and the second battery tends to be balanced.

3. The power management circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control device is specifically configured as follows: If the capacity difference between the first battery and the second battery is greater than a preset threshold, it is determined that the capacity of the first battery and the second battery is unbalanced.

4. The power management circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control device is specifically configured as follows: Monitor the voltage of each battery in the battery module; If the voltage difference between the first battery and the second battery is greater than a preset voltage difference, it is determined that the capacity of the first battery and the second battery is unbalanced.

5. The power management circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that, The control device is specifically configured as follows: If the capacity difference between the first battery and the second battery in the battery module is greater than the preset threshold, the battery balancing module is adjusted until the capacity difference between the first battery and the second battery is less than the balancing threshold. The balance threshold is less than the preset threshold.

6. The power management circuit according to claim 4, characterized in that, The control device is specifically configured as follows: If the voltage difference between the first battery and the second battery in the battery module is greater than the preset voltage difference, the battery balancing module is adjusted until the voltage difference between the first battery and the second battery is less than the balance voltage difference. The balanced voltage difference is less than the preset voltage difference.

7. The power management circuit according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The power management circuit also includes multiple switching units, each of which corresponds to a battery; the first terminal of each switching unit is coupled to the negative terminal of a battery, the second terminal of each switching unit is coupled to the second terminal of a battery balancing unit, and the control terminal of each switching unit is coupled to the fourth terminal of the control device. The control device is further configured to: when the target battery in the battery module is detected to be in an abnormal state, control the first and second terminals of the target switching unit to disconnect, and control the first and second terminals of the target battery balancing unit to conduct; the target switching unit is a switching unit corresponding to the target battery, and the target battery balancing unit is a battery balancing unit corresponding to the target battery.

8. The power management circuit according to claim 7, characterized in that, The switching unit includes a MOS transistor, each MOS transistor in the switching unit corresponds to a battery, the gate of each MOS transistor in the switching unit is coupled to the fourth terminal of the control device, the drain of each MOS transistor in the switching unit is coupled to the negative terminal of a battery, and the source of each MOS transistor in the switching unit is coupled to the second terminal of a battery balancing unit. The control device is specifically configured to: when the target battery in the battery module is detected to be in an abnormal state, control the MOS transistor, which serves as the target switching unit, to operate in the cutoff region, and control the first and second terminals of the target battery balancing unit to conduct.

9. A power management method applied in an electronic device, the electronic device including a power management circuit, a charging interface, and a system load, wherein the output terminal of the charging interface is coupled to a first terminal of the power management circuit, and a second terminal of the power management circuit is coupled to a first terminal of the system load; the power management circuit includes a control device, a battery module, and a battery balancing module; wherein, The battery module includes multiple batteries connected in series. A first terminal of the battery module is coupled to a first terminal of the control device and a first terminal of the battery balancing module. A second terminal of the battery module is coupled to a second terminal of the battery balancing module. A third terminal of the battery module is coupled to a third terminal of the battery balancing module and grounded. The control terminal of the battery balancing module is coupled to a second terminal of the control device. The third terminal of the control device is coupled to a first terminal of the system load. The input terminal of the control device is connected to the charging interface. The battery balancing module includes multiple battery balancing units, each corresponding to one battery. The control terminals of each battery balancing unit are coupled to the second terminal of the control device. The first terminal of each battery balancing unit is coupled to the positive terminal of a battery, and the second terminal of each battery balancing unit is coupled to the negative terminal of a battery. Each battery balancing unit includes a MOSFET. Each MOSFET in the battery balancing unit corresponds to one battery. The gate of each MOSFET in the battery balancing unit is coupled to the second terminal of the control device, the drain of each MOSFET in the battery balancing unit is coupled to the positive terminal of a battery, and the source of each MOSFET in the battery balancing unit is coupled to the negative terminal of a battery. The method is characterized by comprising: Monitor the capacity of each battery in the battery module; When the capacities of the first and second batteries in the battery module are unbalanced, multiple battery balancing units in the battery balancing module are controlled to make the capacities of the first and second batteries tend to be balanced; the first and second batteries can be any two batteries in the battery module. Controlling multiple battery balancing units in the battery balancing module to balance the capacities of the first battery and the second battery includes: when the battery module is charging, if the capacities of the first battery and the second battery are unbalanced, controlling the first target MOSFET to operate in the linear region, so that the first target MOSFET forms a parallel path for the first target battery; the first target MOSFET is a MOSFET included in the battery balancing unit of the first target battery; the first target battery is the one with the larger capacity between the first battery and the second battery; The step of controlling the first target MOS transistor to operate in the linear region, so that the first target MOS transistor forms a parallel path for the first target battery, includes: whenever an imbalance in the capacity of the first battery and the second battery is detected, controlling the equivalent resistance of the first target MOS transistor to decrease by a predetermined value, so that the resistance in the parallel path where the first target MOS transistor is located decreases by a predetermined value, until the capacity of the first battery and the second battery tends to be balanced.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The step of controlling the multiple battery balancing units in the battery balancing module to make the capacities of the first battery and the second battery tend to be balanced also includes: When the battery module is in a discharging state, if the capacities of the first battery and the second battery are unbalanced, the second target MOSFET is controlled to operate in the linear region, so that the second target MOSFET forms a parallel path for the second target battery; the second target MOSFET is a MOSFET included in the battery balancing unit of the second target battery; the second target battery is the one with the smaller capacity between the first battery and the second battery; The step of controlling the second target MOS transistor to operate in the linear region, so that the second target MOS transistor forms a parallel path for the second target battery, includes: whenever an imbalance in the capacity of the first battery and the second battery is detected, controlling the equivalent resistance of the second target MOS transistor to decrease by a predetermined value, so that the resistance in the parallel path where the second target MOS transistor is located decreases by the predetermined value, until the capacity of the first battery and the second battery tends to be balanced.

11. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The method further includes: determining that the capacity of the first battery and the second battery is unbalanced when the capacity difference between the first battery and the second battery is greater than a preset threshold.

12. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The monitoring of the capacity of each battery in the battery module includes: monitoring the voltage of each battery in the battery module; The method further includes: determining that the capacity of the first battery and the second battery is unbalanced when the voltage difference between the first battery and the second battery is greater than a preset voltage difference.

13. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that, When the capacities of the first and second batteries in the battery module are unbalanced, the battery balancing module is adjusted to bring the capacities of the first and second batteries closer to balance, including: If the capacity difference between the first battery and the second battery in the battery module is greater than the preset threshold, the battery balancing module is adjusted until the capacity difference between the first battery and the second battery is less than the balancing threshold; the balancing threshold is less than the preset threshold.

14. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that, When the capacities of the first and second batteries in the battery module are unbalanced, the battery balancing module is adjusted to bring the capacities of the first and second batteries closer to balance, including: If the voltage difference between the first battery and the second battery in the battery module is greater than the preset voltage difference, the battery balancing module is adjusted until the voltage difference between the first battery and the second battery is less than the balance voltage difference; the balance voltage difference is less than the preset voltage difference.

15. The method according to any one of claims 9-14, characterized in that, The power management circuit further includes multiple switching units, each corresponding to a battery; a first terminal of each switching unit is coupled to the negative terminal of a battery, a second terminal of each switching unit is coupled to the second terminal of a battery balancing unit, and a control terminal of each switching unit is coupled to the fourth terminal of the control device; the method further includes: When an abnormal state is detected in the target battery in the battery module, the first and second terminals of the target switching unit are disconnected, and the first and second terminals of the target battery balancing unit are connected; the target switching unit is a switching unit corresponding to the target battery, and the target battery balancing unit is a battery balancing unit corresponding to the target battery.

16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that, The switching unit includes a MOS transistor, each MOS transistor in the switching unit corresponds to a battery, the gate of each MOS transistor in the switching unit is coupled to the fourth terminal of the control device, the drain of each MOS transistor in the switching unit is coupled to the negative terminal of a battery, and the source of each MOS transistor in the switching unit is coupled to the second terminal of a battery balancing unit. The step of controlling the first and second terminals of the target switching unit to disconnect and controlling the first and second terminals of the target battery balancing unit to conduct when the target battery in the battery module is detected to be in an abnormal state includes: controlling the MOS transistor, which serves as the target switching unit, to operate in the cutoff region and controlling the first and second terminals of the target battery balancing unit to conduct when the target battery in the battery module is detected to be in an abnormal state.

17. An electronic device, characterized in that, The device includes a memory and one or more processors; the memory is coupled to the processors; wherein the memory stores computer program code, the computer program code including computer instructions, which, when executed by the processor, cause the electronic device to perform the power management method as described in any one of claims 9-16.

18. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, Includes computer instructions that, when executed on an electronic device, cause the electronic device to perform the power management method as described in any one of claims 9-16.

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