A tea tree cultivation method under a plant factory mode

Abstract

The application discloses a tea tree cultivation method in a plant factory mode, and specifically discloses an indoor cultivation process of tea seedlings in a plant factory, a substrate formula suitable for tea tree growth, and temperature, humidity and light quality and intensity. Through reasonable management and environment control, a set of tea tree cultivation process in a plant factory is provided, and a cultivation mode which can be referred to and popularized is formed, which has important significance for realizing tea industrialization in a plant factory.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of tea tree cultivation, in particular to a tea tree cultivation method in a plant factory mode. BACKGROUND

[0002] Plant factory is mainly characterized by artificial light source and nutrient solution cultivation, which can realize intelligent control of growth environment and nutrient supply such as light, temperature, humidity, CO2, etc., and is not restricted by soil, climate and other conditions. With the continuous progress of plant factory technology, the production objects have gradually expanded to leaf vegetables, medicinal plants, dwarf fruit trees and other crops. In recent years, important progress has been made in the rapid breeding of food crops such as rice.

[0003] Outdoor tea tree cultivation has many environmental limitations such as air pollution, excessive heavy metals, and extreme weather. Tea gardens have problems such as soil erosion, soil compaction, large tree age, low average yield, and so on with the cultivation of years. With the change of population structure, the problems of rural hollowing, labor reduction and aging, and cost rising are prominent, and the competition of tea products is serious. High-quality tea fresh leaves are the basis for good tea.

[0004] Plant factory cultivation of tea seedlings strictly controls environmental conditions, which can effectively reduce or even avoid the occurrence of diseases and pests, realize clean production, and the tea is free of agricultural residues and heavy metal pollution, efficient and safe. At the same time, it can relieve the heavy and arduous physical labor in the wild and change it into a comfortable production mode. Compared with outdoor picking, plant factory can realize continuous and stable production of tea throughout the year, improving yield and production efficiency. Tea tree cultivation in plant factory can break through the seasonality of tea production by controlling temperature and humidity and adjusting artificial light source, which is conducive to intensive factory cultivation. At the same time, the optimized environmental conditions and cultivation measures greatly shorten the growth cycle, overcome the seasonal differences of fresh leaves, and ensure the stability of tea quality. Multi-layer vertical cultivation can be carried out in plant factory, greatly improving land utilization and saving costs.

[0005] Previous researchers have studied the light quality, light intensity, temperature and humidity of different crops in plant factory, but there is little research on indoor artificial environment tea tree cultivation technology. Patent CN113603521A introduces a soilless cultivation nutrient solution suitable for indoor planting in plant factory, which can promote tea root growth and improve tea seedling survival rate, but the nutrient requirements of tea trees are different at different growth stages, which cannot meet the whole process of tea growth. Some researchers have studied the substrate and temperature and humidity of soilless cultivation, but the differences in variety, environmental variables and other factors are large. Overall, there is little research on plant factory tea tree cultivation, and there is no systematic research and integration of plant factory tea tree cultivation technology procedures. SUMMARY

[0006] Therefore, the purpose of the present application is to provide a tea tree cultivation method in a plant factory mode, which clearly defines the indoor cultivation process of tea seedlings in a plant factory, the substrate formula suitable for the growth of tea trees, temperature and humidity, and light quality and intensity. Through reasonable management and environmental control, a set of plant factory tea cultivation process is provided, forming a cultivation mode that can be used as a reference and promoted, which is of great significance to the industrialization of plant factory tea.

[0007] The specific technical solution adopted by the present application is:

[0008] A tea tree cultivation method in a plant factory mode, comprising two stages according to different stages of tea tree cultivation substrates, the first stage: after tea seedlings are transplanted into large cultivation tanks, to the one bud one leaf period, a mixed cultivation substrate composed of 65-75% peat soil and 25-35% perlite by mass percentage; the second stage: after germination, a mixed cultivation substrate composed of 55-65% peat soil, 20-30% perlite and 10-15% red soil by mass percentage.

[0009] Further, it also includes four stages according to the growth of tea trees, stage one: after the slow seedling ends or 1-3 days after the harvesting pruning ends, the bud germination treatment is carried out, the bud germination fertilizer is sprayed, during which the temperature is controlled at 18-20 ℃, the humidity is 80%-90%, the light source model (ZK-TB18-VE01 / A), the light intensity is 150-200 μmol / ㎡·s, the light duration is kept at 12-14 h / d, and dark treatment is carried out for 1-3 days during the period; stage two: the early stage of vegetative growth, i.e. from the beginning of bud emergence to one bud one leaf, the temperature is 28-30 ℃, the air humidity is 70-80%, the light source model is (ZK-TB18-VE01 / A), the light intensity is 200-250 μmol / ㎡·s, and the light period is 12-14 h / d; stage three: the middle and late stage of vegetative growth, i.e. after one bud two leaves, the temperature difference is increased, the daytime temperature is 25 ℃, the night temperature is 18 ℃, the air humidity is 80%-90%, two blue lamps (ZK-TB18-SB01 / A, wave peak 435-460 nm) are added to each cultivation tank (about 1 square meter of cultivation area) based on the original light source, and the light intensity is controlled at 250-300 μmol / ㎡·s; the light duration is 12-14 h / d; stage four: low temperature treatment is carried out three days before picking, the temperature is 15-18 ℃, the space is dehumidified, the humidity is controlled at 40-50%, the light quality is unchanged, and the light duration is 8-10 h / d; the relative humidity of the cultivation substrate is maintained at 70%-80% throughout the process

[0010] Further, during cultivation, the temperature is controlled at 25-30℃, the air humidity is controlled at 70-90%, the substrate humidity is controlled at 70-80%, the light source is of a light model (ZK-TB18-VE01 / A), the light intensity is 200-300 μmol / m 2 ·s, and the photoperiod is 12-14 h / d.

[0011] Further, large cultivation tanks are used for cultivation, the large cultivation tanks have drainage holes at the bottom, and the large cultivation tanks are filled with 4 / 5 of the cultivation substrate in volume, and the tea seedlings are transplanted into the large cultivation tanks and irrigated with tap water or nutrient solution with EC=0.5.

[0012] Further, during cultivation, the cultivation substrate is irrigated alternately with nutrient solution and water.

[0013] Further, the cultivation substrate is flushed once a month, using pure water or citric acid with ph=3.5.

[0014] Further, the tea trees are pruned after each picking, and then enter the next growth cycle; the specific pruning method is: the whole tea tree is pruned comprehensively, two healthy leaves and axillary buds are retained at the bottom of the new branches, and the axillary buds are cut flat 1 cm above; if the leaves are damaged or aged, one more complete leaf and bud is retained upward; the top of the axillary bud branch is removed on the basis of the flat cut to promote the branch to germinate again.

[0015] Further, manual removal of the terminal bud is performed before picking.

[0016] Further, the tea seedling cultivation method comprises the following steps: (1) sectioning cutting: selecting 1-year-old green tender stems to branch stems, cleaning, soaking in 0.1-0.2% potassium permanganate for 45-60s, cutting the cutting to 3-4 cm, inserting the cutting into wet rock wool blocks, placing in a 50-80-hole plug tray, laying 0.5-1 cm thick perlite on the surface of the rock wool blocks, placing the plug tray in a matching bottom tray, adding F4 nutrient solution (patent CN113603521A) with EC=0.5 to the bottom tray, dark treatment for 1 day, temperature 23-28℃, air humidity 85-95%; light source model (ZK-TB18-SB01 / A, wave peak 435-460 nm), light intensity 50-70 μmol / m2·s, photoperiod 18-22 h / d; (2) transplanting: when the cutting seedlings grow 2-3 new leaves and the number of new roots is >3, and the shortest new root is >3 cm, transplanting to a seedling raising bag, filling the seedling raising bag with 2 / 3 of the substrate (peat soil: perlite=2:1), irrigating the seedling raising bag with nutrient solution with EC=1 after transplanting, spraying leaf fertilizer every two weeks, keeping the substrate humidity at 75-85%, and irrigating with nutrient solution according to the substrate humidity; when the height of the seedlings is 15-25 cm and tender green branches grow, a certain crown is formed.

[0017] Further, the tea seedlings are transplanted into large cultivation tanks for seedling recovery treatment, the seedling recovery time is 4-5 weeks, no pruning and tea picking during the period, the light source model is (ZK-TB18-VE01 / A), the light intensity is 150-200 μmol / ㎡·s, and the light period is 12-14 h / d; after transplantation, the tea seedlings are irrigated with tap water or nutrient solution with EC=0.5, and the substrate humidity is maintained at 70%-80% in daily management.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0019] 1. The tea trees are planted in the plant factory, and bud tips can be grown out after about 20 days, one bud and two leaves can be grown out after 25 days, and one bud and three leaves (the third leaf is half open) can be grown out after 35 days, so that a batch of fresh leaves can be picked for tea making after about 35 days, high-quality tea can be picked for 4-6 times a year, the growth cycle is greatly shortened compared with traditional outdoor cultivation, and annual continuous production can be realized, in addition, the three-dimensional cultivation mode is adopted, the unit area yield is high, and the tea yield and production efficiency are effectively improved.

[0020] 2. Compared with the traditional outdoor cultivation of tea trees, the growth conditions of the tea trees cultivated in the plant factory are strictly controlled, the production workshop is clean, the operation process is standardized and hygienic, there is no disease and insect pest, and there is no need to spray pesticides, hormones and the like, so that the tea trees are more healthy and safe.

[0021] 3. The climate and environmental conditions can be artificially simulated and controlled, the product form and the synthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites in tea leaf blades can be directionally regulated, and functional products with high amino acids or high EGCG can be produced.

[0022] 5. The method is suitable for cultivation of multiple tea varieties, and the tea varieties such as Tieguanyin, Jinguanyin, Chunqiang, Oolong tea varieties such as Longjing 43 and Zhongcha 108, and green tea varieties such as Longjing 43 and Zhongcha 108 can be cultivated by the method, and the bud leaves of Tieguanyin and Jinguanyin cultivated by the method are thick, the leaf surface is moderate, and are suitable for making Minnan Oolong tea, the taste is rich, the aroma is high and far, Chunqiang grows fast, the bud leaves are small, and the tenderness is good, one bud and three leaves-four leaves can be used for making Minnan Oolong tea, one bud and one leaf-one bud and two leaves can be used for making black tea, and have a unique jasmine variety fragrance, Longjing 43 and Zhongcha 108 cultivated in the plant factory have many branches, the bud leaves are lush, the fresh leaves are tender green in color, and are suitable for making green tea and high-end matcha. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 Tea tree growth state under different temperatures;

[0024] Figure 2 Tea tree growth state under different air humidities;

[0025] Figure 3 Tea tree growth under different substrate humidity conditions;

[0026] Figure 4 For monitoring the growth and development dynamics of stems and leaves. Detailed Implementation

[0027] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention are now described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the invention. It should be understood that the terminology used in this invention is merely for describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, regarding numerical ranges in this invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Any stated value or intermediate value within a stated range, as well as each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value within said range, is also included in the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0028] Unless otherwise stated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. While only preferred methods and materials have been described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the implementation or testing of this invention. All references to this specification are incorporated by way of citation to disclose and describe methods and / or materials associated with those references. In the event of any conflict with any incorporated reference, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0029] Various modifications and variations can be made to the specific embodiments described in this specification without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Other embodiments derived from this specification will also be apparent to those skilled in the art. This specification and embodiments are merely exemplary.

[0030] This invention discloses a method for cultivating tea trees in a plant factory model, comprising:

[0031] 1. Plant factory seedling cultivation and hardening: (1) Bud cutting: Select 1-year-old green stems to the extent of the branch (both outdoor soil-cultivated tea seedlings and indoor substrate-cultivated tea seedlings can be used), wash them clean with tap water (note to wash off the surface insect eggs and larvae), soak them in 0.1-0.2% potassium permanganate for 45s-60s, the cutting length is 3-4 cm, with several healthy leaves and axillary buds, and the cutting edge should be smooth and free of tearing damage; insert the cutting into a wet rock wool block (36*36*40mm), place it in a 50-80-hole plug tray, and cover the surface of the rock wool block with 0.5-1 cm of perlite (to prevent algae growth on the surface), place the plug tray in a matching bottom tray, add F4 nutrient solution (patent CN113603521A) with EC=0.5 to the bottom tray, and perform dark treatment for 1 day at a temperature of 23-28℃ and an air humidity of 85-95%; light source model (ZK-TB18-SB01 / A, wave peak 435-460 nm), light intensity 50-70 μmol / ㎡·s, light cycle 18-22 h / d; (2) Transplanting: when the cutting seedlings grow 2-3 new leaves and the number of new roots is >3 with the shortest new root >3 cm, transplant them into 18*21 cm seedling bags, fill the seedling bags with 2 / 3 of the substrate (peat soil: perlite = 2:1), and pour the nutrient solution with EC=1 into the seedling bags after transplanting, then spray the leaf fertilizer every two weeks according to the growth of the tea seedlings, maintain the substrate humidity at 75-85%, and irrigate the nutrient solution according to the substrate humidity. When the height of the seedlings is 15-25 cm, green shoots grow, and new roots emerge from the bottom of the seedling bag, transplant them into large cultivation tanks (110*85*45cm) filled with 4 / 5 of the substrate, about 180L, with drainage holes at the bottom of the cultivation tank, and use a grid to raise the tank, then cover it with black thick non-woven fabric to prevent the substrate from blocking the drainage holes and causing water accumulation. Plant 20-35 seedlings per tank in the large cultivation tank. Transplanting from the seedling bag to the large cultivation tank requires a hardening period of 4-5 weeks, during which no pruning or tea picking is performed, and the main task is to protect the seedlings. The light quality requirements during the hardening period are as follows: light source model (ZK-TB18-VE01 / A), light intensity 150-200 μmol / ㎡·s, light cycle 12-14 h / d; pour tap water or nutrient solution (patent CN113603521A) with EC=0.5 into the tank after transplanting, and maintain the substrate humidity at 70%-80% during daily management. The water and fertilizer management of the large cultivation tank should follow the principle of "a little at a time", and the nutrient solution and water should be alternately irrigated to avoid water accumulation or nutrient accumulation in the tank bottom, which may cause salinization of the substrate.

[0032] 2. Substrate: The substrate cultivation "two-stage method" of tea plant in the plant factory was established. In the first stage, after the tea seedlings were transplanted, the G4 (peat soil accounted for 65-75%, perlite accounted for 25-35%) substrate formula was used when the seedlings germinated to one bud and one leaf stage, with high survival rate and fast seedling recovery. After one bud and one leaf, G6 formula (peat soil accounted for 55-65%, perlite accounted for 20-30%, red soil accounted for 10-15%) was used to increase water and fertilizer retention capacity, promote root extension, and vigorous bud and leaf, with good growth adaptability, normal new branch number reaching more than 50%, and the degree of new branch lignification being below 35%.

[0033] 3. Full-cycle environmental regulation: tea seedlings are moved into the plant factory, and after the hardening-off period ends, they enter the normal growth cycle for tea harvesting. The tea harvesting is divided into four stages. Stage one: bud induction treatment. Tea leaves are picked according to the tea making requirements, one bud and one leaf to one bud and four leaves. Bud induction treatment is performed 1-3 days after the end of harvesting and pruning. Bud induction fertilizer is sprayed. If the temperature is high during bud emergence, it is not conducive to bud growth. Therefore, the temperature is controlled at 18-20°C. Pure water is sprayed in the morning and evening to increase air humidity. The air humidity is maintained at 80%-90%, which is more conducive to the emergence of new buds. During the bud induction period, dark treatment is performed for 1-3 days. The buds and leaves are greener and fuller than those without dark treatment. The light source model is ZK-TB18-VE01 / A. The light intensity should not be too strong, at 150-200 μmol / m2·s, and the light duration is maintained at 12-14 h / d. Stage two: early stage of vegetative growth (from the beginning of bud emergence to one bud and one leaf), which is 4-24 days after picking. High temperature is conducive to the rapid growth of new buds and leaves. The temperature is maintained at 28-30°C. Pure water is sprayed in the morning. The air humidity is maintained at 70-80%. The light source model is ZK-TB18-VE01 / A. At this time, the tea leaves are in a rapid growth stage, and the light intensity requirement is increased. The light intensity is 200-250 μmol / m2·s, and the light period is 12-14 h / d. Stage three: middle and late stage of vegetative growth (after one bud and two leaves), which is conducive to the accumulation of tea leaf substances. The temperature difference is increased. The temperature during the day is 25°C, and the temperature at night is 18°C. The humidity is increased in the morning and evening. At this time, the tea tree leaves are abundant, and the respiration is vigorous. The air humidity can reach 80%-90%, which is conducive to the fullness of the bud and leaf state. On the basis of the original light source, two blue lights (ZK-TB18-SB01 / A, wave peak 435-460 nm) are added to each cultivation tank (about 1 square meter of cultivation area). The light intensity is controlled at 250-300 μmol / m2·s. The light duration is 12-14 h / d. Stage four: three days before picking, low temperature treatment is performed. The temperature is maintained at 15-18°C. The growth rate of tea leaves is slowed down to avoid the formation of dormant buds. At the same time, the space is dehumidified. The humidity is controlled at 40-50% to avoid excessive moisture in tea leaves, which is not conducive to the subsequent processing of tea leaves. The light quality remains unchanged. The light duration is 8-10 h / d. At this time, the tea tree has reached the harvesting period and does not need too much light. To save energy, the light duration can be reduced. When the relative humidity of the substrate is maintained at 70%-90% throughout the process, it is observed that the tea tree internode is short, the new shoot length and leaf area are moderate, and the overall growth potential is vigorous. After the tea tree is picked, it is pruned. After pruning, it enters the next growth cycle.

[0034] Alternatively, the temperature is maintained at 25-30°C throughout the process, the air humidity is maintained at 70%-90%, the substrate humidity is maintained at 70%-80%, the light source model is ZK-TB18-VE01 / A, the light intensity is 200-300 μmol / m 2 ·s, and the light period is 12-14 h / d.

[0035] 4. Water and fertilizer management: There are great differences between the water and fertilizer management of cultivation tank planting and seedling bag planting. The volume of seedling bag is small, and the water or nutrient solution can quickly seep out, and the roots can absorb nutrients without rotting the roots. The large cultivation tank is deep, and the tea tree roots are in the middle layer. After irrigating the nutrient solution, it is easy to accumulate at the bottom of the cultivation tank. The bottom of the substrate is humid and not breathable, which leads to acidification or salinization of the substrate, and causes stress to the root system. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the water and fertilizer control of the cultivation tank, and irrigate in small amounts and multiple times to reduce the accumulation of nutrient solution at the bottom of the cultivation tank. Once a month, the substrate is flushed with pure water or citric acid with ph = 3.5 to drain the water. The EC value of the water overflowing from the drain hole should not be much different from the flushing water. At the same time, the upper, middle and lower layers of the substrate are sampled every two weeks to detect the soil ph (4.5-6.5), EC (0.5-1) values, etc.

[0036] 5. Pruning: (1) After tea leaf harvesting, the whole tea tree is pruned comprehensively, two healthy leaves and axillary buds are retained at the bottom of the new branch, and the axillary buds are cut flat 1 cm above. Care should be taken not to injure the axillary buds. If the leaves are damaged or aged, another complete leaf and bud should be retained upwards. On the basis of trimming, the top of the dormant bud branch is removed to promote the emergence of the branch again. After pruning, the environmental control parameters are set according to the conditions of stage one of 3. Whole cycle environmental regulation: after 1-3 days, the bud breaking treatment is started. After the bud breaking treatment, the environmental regulation of stage two is entered. New buds can emerge after 10-15 days, and a bud and a leaf can grow out after about 20 days. (2) Pinching: As one of the control means before tea leaf picking, one bud and four leaves are used as the picking standard for making oolong tea. When the tea tree grows to one bud and three leaves, the top bud is manually removed (pinching), which reduces the length of the tea leaf by more than 30% compared to the untreated tea leaf. The picking period can be advanced by 5-7 days. At this time, the environmental regulation refers to stage three.

[0037] The application will be further described in detail in conjunction with specific examples.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] Tea tree growth status and internal substances at different temperatures

[0040] Experiment: One-year-old 'Tieguanyin' tea trees were placed in five different small rooms, and five different temperatures of 15℃, 20℃, 25℃, 30℃ and 35℃ were set. The air humidity was kept consistent at 70-80%, the same water and fertilizer management was adopted, and the substrate humidity was ensured to be consistent. The light model (ZK-TB18-VE01 / A) was used, the light intensity was 200-250 μmol / ㎡·s, and the light cycle was 14h / d. During the period, no pruning and picking were carried out. After 2 months of cultivation, the growth status of tea trees was compared by taking photos, and the internal substances of tea leaves were detected by drying one bud and two leaves.

[0041] The experimental results are shown in Figure 1 and Table 1:

[0042] Table 1

[0043]

[0044] The results show that the temperature is 35℃, the tea tree grows poorly, the leaves are yellow, and there is almost no new branch, so it is not taken for testing. At 15℃ and 20℃, the tea tree grows slowly, the height is low, and the new branch sprouts slowly. At 25℃, the tea tree grows fast, and the new branch grows well. With the temperature increasing to 30℃, the tea tree grows faster, but the high temperature of 35℃ will stress the tea tree. At the same time, 25℃ is beneficial to the accumulation of total amino acids and total tea polyphenols.

[0045] Case 2

[0046] Tea tree growth state and internal substances under different air humidity

[0047] Experiment: Take one and a half years old ‘Tieguanyin’ tea tree as material, place it in four different small rooms, set 30%, 50%, 70%, 90% four different air humidity, temperature keeps at 25℃, adopt the same water and fertilizer management, ensure the consistency of substrate humidity, light model (ZK-TB18-VE01 / A), light intensity is 200-250 μmol / ㎡·s, light period is 14h / d; During the period, do not prune and pick, cultivate for two months, take photos to compare the growth status of tea tree, and pick one bud two leaves to dry and detect tea internal substances.

[0048] The experimental results are shown in Figure 2 and Table 2:

[0049] Table 2

[0050]

[0051] The results show that when the air humidity is kept at 30% and 50%, the growth of tea tree is limited, and when the air humidity is kept at 70% and 90%, the growth of tea tree is obviously more vigorous, the leaf state is more full, the new branch is long, and the bud sprouts are more. Too low humidity limits the growth of tea tree, and high humidity is beneficial to the accumulation of amino acids, tea polyphenols, gallic acid and EGCG.

[0052] Case 3

[0053] Tea tree growth state and internal substances under different light intensity

[0054] Experiment: Take one and a half years old ‘Tieguanyin’ tea tree as material, place it in five different small rooms, set 150, 200, 250, 300, 350 μmol / m 2• s five different light intensity, temperature maintained at 25℃, air humidity in 70-90%, the same water and fertilizer management, to ensure the consistency of the substrate humidity, light model (ZK-TB18-VE01 / A), light cycle 14 h / d; during the period without pruning, not picking, 2 months of cultivation to compare the growth status of tea tree, take a bud two leaves and dry detection of tea leaf content.

[0055] The experimental results are shown in Table 3:

[0056] Table 3

[0057]

[0058] Different light intensity has little effect on the overall height of tea tree, but has a large difference on the leaf morphology. The results show that under 150 μmol / m 2 ·s weak light, tea leaves are dark, thin and large, and have no flexibility when pinched, which is not conducive to the production of high-quality oolong tea; under high light intensity of 350 μmol / m 2 ·s, the leaves turn yellow, the leaf area is small, and the growth is poor; under 200 μmol / m 2 ·s-300 μmol / m 2 ·s light, the leaf color is yellow-green, the leaf area is moderate, the leaf has thickness, and the leaf is thick and soft when pinched, and the production of Tieguanyin tea has high quality, so the best light intensity for Tieguanyin growth under the condition of plant factory is 200-300 μmol / m 2 ·s, and the higher the light intensity, the smaller the leaf area will be, which can be adjusted according to different needs. When the light intensity is 250 μmol / m 2 ·s, the contents of amino acids, tea polyphenols, caffeine and EGCG in tea are the highest, and the content of gallic acid is the highest at 200 μmol / m 2 ·s.

[0059] Case 4

[0060] Tea tree growth status under different substrate humidity

[0061] Experiment: Two-year-old 'Tieguanyin' tea trees were used as materials, and five different substrate humidities of 55%, 70%, 75%, 80%, and 85% were set, the temperature was 25℃, the air humidity was 70%-90%, the light model was (ZK-TB18-VE01 / A), the light intensity was 200-250 μmol / ㎡·s, and the light cycle was 14 h / d; during the period, no pruning and picking were performed, and the growth status of tea tree was compared after 2 months of cultivation, and the tea leaf content was detected after drying one bud and two leaves.

[0062] The experimental results are shown in Table 3: Figure 3 and Table 4:

[0063] Table 4

[0064]

[0065] The results show that when the substrate humidity is 55%, the tea tree grows poorly, and the new shoots are short. When the substrate humidity is 85%, although the tea tree grows well, the proportion of normal new shoots decreases, the leaves are too large, easy to stay buds, and the new branches are easy to lignify, and the fresh leaves are not suitable for tea making. When the relative humidity of the substrate is maintained between 70%-80%, the biomass accumulation is high (fresh weight is high), the internode is short, the new shoot length and leaf area are moderate.

[0066] From the implementation cases 1-4, it can be seen that temperature, humidity, light intensity and other factors can affect the accumulation of tea contents. The total content of tea polyphenols, total amino acids, caffeine content, and EGCG content are highest at light intensity of 250 μmol / ㎡·s, total amino acids, total tea polyphenols, and EGCG content are highest at temperature of 25℃, and temperature of 30℃ is beneficial to the increase of caffeine and gallic acid content. Air humidity of 90% is beneficial to the accumulation of total tea polyphenols, total amino acids, caffeine content, and EGCG content, substrate humidity of 75% is highest for total amino acids, total tea polyphenols, and EGCG content, and gallic acid content is highest at substrate humidity of 80%.

[0067] Implementation case 5

[0068] Growth status of tea tree under different substrates

[0069] Experiment: Set different substrate formulas, control G1: pure coconut husk; control G2: pure peat soil; G3: peat soil: perlite = 1:1; G4: peat soil: perlite = 2:1; G5: peat soil: perlite = 3:1; G6: peat soil: perlite: red soil = 2:1:1. Under the conditions of light intensity of about 150 μmol / ㎡·s, space temperature of about 25℃, and humidity of about 70%, the annual ‘Tieguanyin’ tea seedlings are trimmed to the same height, and the environmental parameters of the four growth stages in 3. Full cycle environmental regulation are set. After growing to one bud and four leaves stage, do not trim and pick, maintain the environmental parameters of stage four, investigate the growth indexes after 2 months, and do data analysis.

[0070] The experimental results are shown in Table 5:

[0071] Table 5 Growth indexes of tea seedlings treated by different substrates

[0072]

[0073] Results found that in G4 substrate formula under the tea seedling survival rate is high, the number of new branches, new branch length is higher than other treatments, good seedling effect, but to a bud four leaves, G4 substrate formula tea seedling more G6 substrate more prone to lignification, G6 substrate under the tea tree lignification ratio is low, the number of normal new shoots reached more than 50%, the degree of lignification of new growth is less than 35%, has good growth adaptability. Therefore, the experiment in the germination to a bud one leaf period using G4 substrate formula, after a bud one leaf change G6 substrate formula to the end of the experiment, found that tea in the survival rate, the proportion of normal new shoots, new shoot length greatly improved, and the proportion of lignification greatly reduced, therefore, the plant factory tea cultivation is more suitable for two-stage method of substrate cultivation.

[0074] Case 6

[0075] Experiment: One-year-old 'Tieguanyin' tea seedlings were used as materials, and according to the requirements of tea cultivation 5. Pruning: After pruning, the environmental conditions were cultivated according to the environmental conditions in 3. Whole cycle environmental regulation: According to the growth state, different states of buds and leaves were picked, and the length of new shoots and leaf area were recorded.

[0076] The experimental results are shown in Figure 4 The growth and development of stems and leaves were monitored. The length of new shoots changed the most and grew the fastest, with the largest average internode change, 27-33 days after pruning. The leaf area changed the most and maintained a high increase, 36-42 days after pruning.

[0077] Although the above embodiments have been described, those skilled in the art can make further changes and modifications to the embodiments once they know the basic creative concept, so the above description is only an embodiment of the present application and does not limit the patent protection scope of the present application. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process conversion using the contents of the present application specification and drawings, or direct or indirect application in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A tea tree cultivation method in a plant factory mode, characterized by, The first stage is from when the tea seedling is transplanted into the large cultivation tank to the one bud one leaf stage, and the mixed cultivation substrate is composed of 65-75% of peat soil and 25-35% of perlite by mass percentage; the second stage is after germination, and the mixed cultivation substrate is composed of 55-65% of peat soil, 20-30% of perlite and 10-15% of red soil by mass percentage; the four stages according to the growth of tea trees and tea leaves are as follows: the first stage is to perform bud accelerating treatment 1-3 days after the end of seedling recovery or after the end of picking and pruning, spray bud accelerating fertilizer, during which, the temperature is controlled to be 18-20 DEG C, the humidity is 80%-90%, the light source is ZK-TB18-VE01 / A, the light intensity is 150-200 mu mol / m2.s, the light duration is kept to be 12-14 h / d, and dark treatment is performed for 1-3 days during the period; the second stage is the early stage of vegetative growth, that is, from the beginning of germination to one bud one leaf, the temperature is 28-30 DEG C, the air humidity is 70-80%, the light source is ZK-TB18-VE01 / A, the light intensity is 200-250 mu mol / m2.s, and the light period is 12-14 h / d; the third stage is the middle and late stage of vegetative growth, that is, after one bud two leaves, the temperature difference is increased, the day temperature is 25 DEG C, the night temperature is 18 DEG C, the air humidity is 80%-90%, two blue lamps ZK-TB18-SB01 / A are added to each cultivation tank on the basis of the original light source, the wave peak is 435-460 nm, the light intensity is controlled to be 250-300 mu mol / m2.s, and the light duration is 12-14 h / d; the fourth stage is to perform low temperature treatment three days before picking, the temperature is 15-18 DEG C, meanwhile, the space is dehumidified, the humidity is controlled to be 40-50%, the light quality is unchanged, and the light duration is 8-10 h / d; the relative humidity of the cultivation substrate is maintained to be 70%-80% throughout the process.

2. The tea tree cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein During cultivation, the temperature is controlled at 25-30°C, the air humidity is controlled at 70-90%, the substrate humidity is at 70-80%, the light source is of the model ZK-TB18-VE01 / A, the light intensity is at 200-300 μmol / m 2 ·s, and the photoperiod is 12-14 h / d.

3. The tea tree cultivation method in a plant factory mode according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The large cultivation tank is used for cultivation, the large cultivation tank has a drainage hole at the bottom, the cultivation tank is filled with cultivation substrate with a volume of 4 / 5, and the tea seedling is transplanted into the large cultivation tank and irrigated with tap water or nutrient solution with EC=0.

5.

4. The tea tree cultivation method in a plant factory mode according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, During cultivation, the cultivation substrate is irrigated with nutrient solution and water alternately.

5. The tea tree cultivation method in a plant factory mode according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The cultivation substrate is washed once a month with pure water or citric acid with ph=3.

5.

6. The tea tree cultivation method in a plant factory mode according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, After each picking, the tea tree is pruned, and then enters the next growth cycle; the specific pruning method is as follows: the whole tea tree is pruned comprehensively, two healthy leaves and axillary buds are reserved at the bottom of the new branch, the axillary buds are cut flat 1 cm above, if the leaves are damaged or aged, then one more complete leaf and bud are reserved upwards, the top of the branch with axillary buds is removed on the basis of the flat cutting to promote the germination of the branch again.

7. The tea tree cultivation method in a plant factory mode according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The top bud is manually removed before picking.

8. The tea tree cultivation method in a plant factory mode according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The tea seedling raising method comprises the following steps: (1) sectioning cutting: selecting 1-year-old green tender stems to branch stems, cleaning, soaking in 0.1-0.2% potassium permanganate for 45s-60s, cutting the cutting to 3-4 cm, inserting the cutting into wet rock wool blocks, placing the rock wool blocks in a 50-80-hole tray, laying 0.5-1 cm thick perlite on the surface of the rock wool blocks, placing the tray in a matching base, adding nutrient solution with EC=0.5 to the base, carrying out dark treatment for 1 day, the temperature is 23-28 DEG C, the air humidity is 85-95%, the light source is ZK-TB18-SB01 / A, the wave peak is 435-460 nm, the light intensity is 50-70 mu mol / m2.s, and the light period is 18-22 h / d; (2) transplanting: when the cutting seedlings grow 2-3 new leaves and the number of new roots is greater than 3 and the shortest new root is greater than 3 cm, the cutting seedlings are transplanted into a seedling raising bag, the substrate is peat soil: perlite = 2:1, the seedling raising bag is filled to 2 / 3 of the volume, after transplanting, the seedling raising bag is poured with nutrient solution with EC=1, leaf surface fertilizer is sprayed once every two weeks, the substrate humidity is kept at 75-85%, the nutrient solution is irrigated according to the substrate humidity, when the height of the seedlings is 15-25 cm and green branches grow, a certain crown is formed.

9. The tea tree cultivation method in a plant factory mode according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, After the tea seedlings are transplanted into the large cultivation tank, the seedlings are treated for 4-5 weeks, during which the seedlings are not pruned and tea is not picked, the light source is ZK-TB18-VE01 / A, the light intensity is 150-200 mu mol / m2.s, the light period is 12-14 h / d, after transplanting, the seedlings are poured with tap water or nutrient solution with EC=0.5, and the substrate humidity is kept at 70-80% during daily management.

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