A caisson automatic positioning and sinking system and its construction method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a caisson automatic positioning and sinking system and its construction method. Anchor pier platforms are arranged upstream and downstream of the designed position where the caisson is to be sunk, and automatic cable mooring devices are arranged on the anchor pier platforms. One end of the anchor cable is connected to the automatic cable mooring device, and the other end is connected to the caisson. Relying on the anchor pier platform as the reaction support point, the corresponding anchor cables are automatically tensioned or loosened through multiple automatic cable mooring devices, forming a coordinated adjustment of the caisson's planar position or torsion angle, improving the convenience of operating the anchor cables, and well solving the problem of the force safety during the movement of the caisson in water. During the positioning and sinking process of the caisson, the conversion of each process is relatively simple to operate, shortening the construction period on the critical path during bridge construction, improving the efficiency of the caisson's landing, synchronously operating the corresponding automatic cable mooring devices for different anchor cables, reducing the labor and time costs of cable replacement, improving the construction efficiency of caisson sinking, and at the same time ensuring higher precision in anchor cable adjustment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of open caisson construction. More specifically, the present invention relates to an automatic positioning and sinking system for open caissons and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the field of bridge construction, the application of open caissons as bridge foundations is increasing. Especially in the construction of super-large-span bridges across rivers or seas, open caisson foundations have become the first choice for main piers or anchor foundation due to their own structural stability, excellent bearing capacity and strong adaptability to complex geological conditions.

[0003] Due to the large self-weight of large open caissons, they are generally transported to the designated location by floating. In rivers, due to the large water flow velocity, it is difficult to move and adjust the position and torsion angle of the open caisson on the plane. Some units have improved the traction method in the existing technology. By setting up guy cables and tugboats to adjust and cooperate with the plane position of the open caisson, there are still the following problems:

[0004] (1) The operation of guy cables is difficult, and it is not easy to control the accuracy of adjusting the position of the open caisson by guy cables; (2) There is still a lack of a scheme for effectively adjusting the torsion angle of the open caisson; (3) After adjusting the position of the open caisson at the water surface, it is impossible to ensure the effectiveness of the position and torsion angle of the open caisson after sinking and moving the open caisson. Summary of the Invention

[0005] One object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and provide at least the advantages described later.

[0006] Another object of the present invention is to provide an automatic positioning and sinking system for open caissons and a construction method thereof to solve the technical problems of difficult operation and difficult precision adjustment in moving and positioning the open caisson in the existing technology.

[0007] To achieve these objects and other advantages according to the present invention, on the one hand, the present invention provides an automatic positioning and sinking system for open caissons, including:

[0008] An open caisson positioning and mooring system, which includes anchor pier platforms arranged upstream and downstream of the designed position where the open caisson is to be sunk along the water flow direction. An automatic cable mooring device is provided on the anchor pier platforms. A plurality of anchor cables are connected between the automatic cable mooring device on each side and the open caisson. The extending direction of each anchor cable forms an angle with the length direction of the open caisson. The automatic cable mooring device is used to loosen or tension one or more corresponding connected anchor cables to achieve the adjustment of the position and torsion angle of the open caisson;

[0009] The open caisson sinking system includes an inlet system, an outlet system arranged on the open caisson, a communicating vessel arranged between the compartments of the open caisson, and a sealing plate arranged at the bottom of the compartments of the open caisson. The compartments are enclosed into independent chambers by arranging the sealing plates at the bottom of each compartment. The inlet system is used to inject water into the chambers, and the outlet system is used to pump out the water in the chambers.

[0010] Preferably, the automatic cable mooring device includes:

[0011] Guide grooves, which are fixed on the anchor pier platform. A row of guide grooves is arranged corresponding to each anchor cable. The notch of the guide groove is used to place the anchor cable to form a guide.

[0012] Cable clamping grooves, which are arranged on one side of each row of guide grooves close to the open caisson. The cable clamping grooves are divided into a movable cable groove and a fixed cable groove arranged in sequence and having exactly the same structure in the direction close to the open caisson. Each cable clamping groove includes a fixed plate and a push plate arranged in parallel and opposite to each other. A notch for clamping the anchor cable is formed between the fixed plate and the push plate. All the cable clamping grooves corresponding to the same anchor cable and the notches of the guide grooves are located in the same straight line direction.

[0013] Hydraulic presses, one of which is arranged corresponding to each anchor cable. The hydraulic presses are fixed on one side of the anchor pier platform close to the cable clamping grooves. A set of hydraulic driving mechanisms is arranged on each hydraulic press corresponding to each cable clamping groove. The hydraulic driving mechanisms are connected to the push plates and are used to drive the push plates to move towards or away from the fixed plates. At the end of the hydraulic press facing away from the open caisson, a movable transmission rod is hydraulically connected outward along the extending direction of the corresponding notch. The outer end of the movable transmission rod is fixedly connected to the movable cable groove. The hydraulic presses are used to drive the movable transmission rods to move along the extending direction of the notch.

[0014] Preferably, an uneven layer is further arranged along the length direction on the surface of the push plate facing the fixed plate, so as to increase the friction force with the anchor cable.

[0015] Preferably, four anchor cables are respectively arranged on both the upstream and downstream sides of the open caisson. For the four anchor cables on the upstream or downstream side, they are arranged transversely in sequence along the upstream and downstream water flows. Among them, the two inner ones serve as main cables and are symmetrically connected to the positions near the middle of the corresponding sides of the open caisson in the upstream and downstream directions. The two outer ones serve as side cables and are symmetrically connected to the positions near the edges of the corresponding sides of the open caisson in the upstream and downstream directions.

[0016] Preferably, the distance between the anchor pier platform located upstream of the open caisson and the center of the designed position where the open caisson is to be sunk is greater than 200 m, and the distance between the anchor pier platform located downstream of the open caisson and the center of the designed position where the open caisson is to be sunk is greater than 120 m.

[0017] Preferably, the foundation of the anchor pier platform adopts paired steel pipe batter piles.

[0018] On the other hand, the present invention provides a construction method for a caisson automatic positioning and sinking system, including the following construction steps:

[0019] S1. On both the upstream and downstream sides of the designed position for caisson sinking, construct the above-mentioned anchor pier platforms on the water surface, install the automatic mooring device on the anchor pier platforms, and arrange and connect the main cable and the side cable.

[0020] S2. Conduct initial positioning of the caisson. Tow the caisson by a tugboat. At this time, the bottom of the caisson's cabin is hermetically covered with the above-mentioned sealing plate. First, bring the caisson close to the upstream anchor pier platform, connect the main cable and the side cable on the upstream side to the caisson, and then move the caisson backward along the water flow direction to the downstream anchor pier platform, and connect the main cable and the side cable on the downstream side.

[0021] S3. Remove the above-mentioned sealing plate on the caisson. Through the automatic mooring device on the anchor pier platform, synchronously move all the anchor cables to the front or rear side in the water flow direction, driving the caisson to move forward or backward.

[0022] S4. Adjust the main cables on both the upstream and downstream sides respectively through the automatic mooring device on the anchor pier platform to complete the determination of the caisson's position in the upstream and downstream directions, and then adjust the side cables on both the upstream and downstream sides to complete the determination of the caisson's position in the upstream and downstream lateral directions, thus completing the adjustment of the caisson's plane position.

[0023] S5. Adjust the lengths of the two main cables on the upstream side between the anchor pier platform and the caisson through the automatic mooring device on the upstream side to complete the adjustment of the caisson's torsion angle.

[0024] S6. Inject water into each cabin of the caisson through the water inlet system to cause the caisson to sink for the first time during the water injection process, ensuring that the water levels in all cabins of the caisson are the same.

[0025] S7. When the caisson is approaching the riverbed surface during sinking, finely adjust the plane position and torsion angle of the caisson in the same manner as in steps S4 - S5.

[0026] S8. Increase the water injection speed to accelerate the caisson's landing. After the caisson lands, inject water into all cabins of the caisson to enable the caisson to sink into the mud, and then release all the anchor cables connected to the caisson.

[0027] Preferably, in step S7, when the caisson sinks to a distance of 1 m from the riverbed surface at the bottom, first finely adjust the plane position of the caisson in the same manner as in step S4. When the caisson sinks to a distance of 0.5 m from the riverbed surface at the bottom, finely adjust the torsion angle of the caisson in the same manner as in step S5.

[0028] Preferably, when filling water into the compartments of the caisson, water is symmetrically filled on both sides of the caisson in the length direction simultaneously, and the water levels in each compartment are observed during the filling process to ensure consistency.

[0029] Preferably, during the sinking process of the caisson, when the caisson deviates from the designed position to be sunk, the water in the caisson compartments is drained, and after readjusting the plane position and torsion angle of the caisson, it is sunk again.

[0030] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0031] (1) The caisson automatic positioning and sinking system of the present invention solves the problem of the movement of the caisson in water well by setting up a positioning and mooring system. An automatic cable mooring device is installed on the anchor pier platform, and the anchor cable is connected between the automatic cable mooring device and the caisson. While ensuring the safety of the caisson under stress, it can realize the movement of the caisson in the transverse, longitudinal, and torsional directions, etc. Through the set automatic cable mooring device, the automatic operation of temporarily fixing and tensioning the anchor cable is realized. For different anchor cables, the corresponding automatic cable mooring devices can be used for synchronous operation simultaneously, eliminating the need for manual cable replacement, reducing the labor and time costs of cable replacement, improving the construction efficiency of caisson sinking, and at the same time ensuring higher precision in adjusting the anchor cable.

[0032] (2) The construction method of the caisson automatic positioning and sinking system of the present invention sets up anchor pier platforms upstream and downstream of the designed position where the caisson is to be sunk, and arranges automatic cable mooring devices on the anchor pier platforms. One end of the anchor cable is connected to the automatic cable mooring device and the other end is connected to the caisson. Relying on the anchor pier platform as the reaction support point, the corresponding anchor cables are automatically tensioned or loosened by multiple automatic cable mooring devices to form a coordinated adjustment of the plane position or torsion angle of the caisson. This not only improves the convenience of operating the anchor cable, but also solves the problem of the safety of the caisson under stress during the movement in water well. During the positioning and sinking process of the caisson, the conversion of each process is relatively simple to operate, shortening the construction period on the critical path during bridge construction and improving the efficiency of caisson landing.

[0033] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the present invention will be partially reflected by the following description and partially understood by those skilled in the art through the research and practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 It is a top view structure diagram of the present invention for adjusting the plane position and torsion angle of the caisson;

[0035] Figure 2 It is a side view structure diagram of the caisson automatic positioning and sinking system of the present invention connecting the caisson;

[0036] Figure 3 It is a top view structure diagram of the automatic cable replacement device of the present invention installed on the anchor pier platform;

[0037] Figure 4 The top view structure diagram of the caisson sinking system of the present invention arranged on the caisson;

[0038] Figure 5 The enlarged structure diagram of the clamping wire groove of the present invention;

[0039] Reference numerals in the specification drawings: 1. Upstream anchor pier platform, 2. Downstream anchor pier platform, 3. Anchor cable, 4. Caisson, 5. Compartment plate, 6. Upstream main cable, 7. Upstream side cable, 8. Downstream main cable, 9. Downstream side cable, 10. Hydraulic press, 11. Guide groove, 12. Moving wire groove, 13. Fixed wire groove, 14. Fixed plate, 15. Pushing plate, 16. Hydraulic driving mechanism, 17. Moving transfer rod, 18. Steel pipe inclined pile, 19. Water inlet system, 20. Water outlet system, 21. Compartment. Detailed implementation manners

[0040] The following further describes the present invention in detail with reference to the drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement it according to the description in the specification.

[0041] It should be noted that the experimental methods described in the following implementation manners are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the reagents and materials can be obtained from commercial channels unless otherwise specified; in the description of the present invention, the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "transverse", "longitudinal", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0042] As Figures 1-4 shown, the present invention provides an automatic positioning and sinking system for a caisson, including:

[0043] A caisson positioning and mooring system, which includes upstream and downstream anchor pier platforms (1 and 2) arranged along the water flow direction at the designed position where the caisson 4 is to be sunk. An automatic cable mooring device is provided on the anchor pier platforms (1 and 2). A plurality of anchor cables 3 are connected between the automatic cable mooring device on each side and the caisson 4. The extending direction of each anchor cable 3 forms an angle with the length direction of the caisson 4. The automatic cable mooring device is used to loosen or tension one or more of the correspondingly connected anchor cables 3 to adjust the position and torsion angle of the caisson 4;

[0044] The caisson 4 sinking system includes an intake system 19 arranged on the caisson 4, an outlet system 20, a connector arranged between the compartments of the caisson 4, and a bulkhead plate 5 arranged at the bottom of the compartments of the caisson 4. By arranging the bulkhead plate 5 at the bottom of each compartment, the compartment is closed into an independent chamber 21. The intake system 19 is used to inject water into the chamber 21, and the outlet system 20 is used to pump out the water in the chamber 21.

[0045] The caisson 4 is composed of multiple well holes. Each well hole is surrounded by double-layer partitions. By adopting buoyancy-aiding measures (the bulkhead plate 5 at the bottom of the well hole), a sealed chamber 21 is formed to keep the caisson 4 floating on the water surface. The bulkhead plate 5 should be symmetrically distributed along the longitudinal axis of the caisson 4. A switch valve is arranged on the connector between the compartments to control the flow of water between the chambers 21, so as to ensure the symmetrical distribution of the water volume in the caisson 4.

[0046] The construction of the caisson 4 is divided into two major parts: the positioning and mooring system and the sinking system. First, use the positioning and mooring system to adjust the plane position and torsion angle of the caisson 4. Specifically, the length direction of the caisson 4 is consistent with the upstream and downstream directions of the water flow, and the width direction of the caisson 4 is consistent with the upstream and downstream transverse directions. Anchor pier platforms 1 upstream and anchor pier platforms 2 downstream are arranged on both sides of the designed sinking position of the caisson 4 upstream and downstream. Multiple anchor cables 3 are connected between the automatic mooring devices on the anchor pier platforms and the caisson 4. A certain angle is formed between multiple anchor cables 3 and the caisson 4 relative to the length direction of the caisson 4. Therefore, by synchronously pulling the anchor cables 3 on both sides upstream and downstream in the same direction, such as pulling in the upstream direction, the caisson 4 can be driven to move upstream. By mainly pulling the anchor cable 3 with a larger angle with the length direction of the caisson 4, the caisson 4 can generate a displacement in the width direction, and in cooperation with the different-direction traction forces generated by the other anchor cables 3 being pulled, the position of the caisson 4 in the horizontal plane can be adjusted. Regarding the torsion angle problem of the caisson 4, select some of the anchor cables 3 to be adjusted through the automatic mooring device. For example, if the caisson 4 twists to the left, loosen the anchor cable 3 on the left side upstream and tension the anchor cable 3 on the right side upstream, and vice versa. After initially adjusting the position of the caisson 4 on the water, then use the caisson 4 sinking system to lower the caisson 4. When there is less water and more air in the chamber 21, the caisson 4 is subjected to a greater buoyancy force. Inject water into the chamber 21 of the caisson 4 through the water injection system and sink by relying on gravity. On the contrary, during the sinking process of the caisson 4, if there are deviations in the position or torsion angle, then drain the water in the chamber 21 of the caisson 4 through the drainage system to reduce the weight, and then adjust the plane position and torsion angle through the caisson 4 positioning and mooring system. Repeat this process until the caisson 4 lands according to the accurately positioned position and torsion angle, and then disconnect all the anchor cables 3 from the caisson 4.

[0047] The automatic positioning and sinking system of the caisson 4 in the present embodiment solves the problem of the movement of the caisson 4 in the water by setting up a positioning mooring system. The anchor cable 3 is connected with the automatic mooring device, and the automatic mooring device is fixedly installed on the anchor pier platform. While ensuring the safety of the caisson 4 under force, the caisson 4 can be realized in the horizontal, longitudinal, torsional and other movements. During the implementation process, the conversion of each process is relatively simple to operate and it is also easy to operate in construction.

[0048] In another technical solution, Figure 3 , 5 As shown, the automatic cable mooring device comprises:

[0049] A guide groove 11 is fixed on the anchor pier platform, and a row of guide grooves 11 is respectively provided for each anchor cable 3, and the notch of the guide groove 11 is used to place the anchor cable 3 to form a guide;

[0050] A wire clamping groove is arranged on one side of each row of guide grooves 11 close to the caisson 4. The wire clamping groove is divided into a movable wire groove 12 and a fixed wire groove 13 which are arranged in sequence and have the same structure in the direction close to the caisson 4. Each wire clamping groove includes a fixed plate 14 and a push plate 15 which are arranged in parallel and opposite to each other. A notch for clamping the anchor cable 3 is formed between the fixed plate 14 and the push plate 15. All the wire clamping grooves corresponding to the same anchor cable 3 are located in the same straight line direction as the notch of the guide groove 11;

[0051] A hydraulic press 10 is provided for each anchor cable 3, and is fixed on one side of the anchor pier platform close to the wire clamping groove. A group of hydraulic drive mechanisms 16 are provided on the hydraulic press 10 for each wire clamping groove. The hydraulic drive mechanism 16 is connected to the push plate 15 and is used to drive the push plate 15 to move toward or away from the fixed plate 14. The end of the hydraulic press 10 that is away from the caisson 4 is hydraulically connected to a mobile transmission rod 17 outward along the extension direction of the corresponding slot. The outer end of the mobile transmission rod 17 is fixedly connected to the mobile wire groove 12, and the hydraulic press 10 is used to drive the mobile transmission rod 17 to move along the extension direction of the slot.

[0052] On the anchor pier platform, the guiding grooves 11 are arranged in rows, and the openings of one row of guiding grooves 11 are in the same straight line direction. On the side of the guiding groove 11 facing the caisson 4, a hydraulic press 10 is fixedly installed as a power source, and a movable wire groove 12 and a fixed wire groove 13 are arranged in sequence along the same extending direction of the guiding groove 11. Among them, the fixed wire groove 13 is fixedly connected with the hydraulic press 10, and the movable wire groove 12 is connected with the hydraulic press 10 through a movable transmission rod 17. One end of the anchor cable 3 facing the anchor pier platform sequentially penetrates into the fixed wire groove 13, the movable wire groove 12, and the guiding groove 11 of the corresponding row for guiding and positioning. The movable wire groove 12 can perform telescopic movement under the action of the movable transmission rod 17. The movable wire groove 12 and the fixed wire groove 13 at each location drive the push plate 15 to move towards the fixed plate 14 through a hydraulic driving mechanism 16, so as to clamp the inner anchor cable 3. The movable wire groove 12 is driven to move through the movable transmission rod 17, so as to change the distance between the movable wire groove 12 and the fixed wire groove 13. When the movable transmission rod 17 extends, the tensioning of the anchor cable 3 is realized. After the clamping force of the clamping wire groove on the anchor cable 3 is reduced, the loosening of the anchor cable 3 is realized. Wheels can be arranged at the bottom of the hydraulic transmission rod to facilitate the movement of the hydraulic transmission rod.

[0053] The hydraulic driving mechanism 16 includes a hydraulic pump. The hydraulic pump is connected to the small hydraulic press 10 and pushes the connecting push plate 15 through the hydraulic pump. Specifically, on the upstream anchor pier platform, the push plate 15 of the movable wire groove 12 is tightened through the corresponding hydraulic driving mechanism 16 to clamp the anchor cable 3, and the push plate 15 on the fixed wire groove 13 is opened through the corresponding hydraulic driving mechanism 16. At this time, the anchor cable 3, the movable transmission rod 17, and the movable wire groove 12 become an integral body. The movable transmission rod 17 is jacked up by the hydraulic press 10, so as to drive the caisson 4 to move upstream. After that, the push plate 15 on the fixed wire groove 13 is tightened, and the anchor cable 3, the hydraulic press 10, and the fixed wire groove 13 are temporarily fixedly connected as an integral body. At this time, the push plate 15 on the movable wire groove 12 is opened and returns to the previous original position through the movable transmission rod 17. Repeat the foregoing operation and jack up the movable transmission rod 17 several times, and the caisson 4 can be continuously pulled upstream by the upstream anchor cable 3. Similarly, in the same way, for the downstream anchor pier platform and the downstream anchor cable 3, the caisson 4 can be driven to move downstream. In the same way, the caisson 4 can be driven to move eccentrically by controlling the anchor cable 3 in the corresponding direction. Through the arranged automatic cable-tying device, the automatic operation of temporarily fixing and tensioning the anchor cable 3 is realized. For different anchor cables 3, the corresponding automatic cable-tying devices can be used for synchronous operation at the same time, without manual cable replacement, reducing the labor and time costs of cable replacement, improving the sinking construction efficiency of the caisson 4, and at the same time ensuring higher accuracy in the adjustment of the anchor cable 3.

[0054] In another technical solution, such as Figure 5As shown, on the side of the push plate 15 facing the fixed plate 14, there is also an uneven layer arranged along the length direction, which is used to increase the friction with the anchor cable 3 and better clamp and fix the anchor cable 3 inside the corresponding notch.

[0055] In another technical solution, as Figure 1 shown, four anchor cables 3 are respectively arranged on the upstream and downstream sides of the caisson 4. For the four anchor cables 3 on the upstream or downstream side, they are respectively arranged transversely along the upstream and downstream water flow in sequence. Among them, the two inner ones serve as the main cables (6 and 8) and are symmetrically connected to the positions near the middle of the corresponding sides of the caisson 4 in the upstream and downstream. The two outer ones serve as the side cables (7 and 9) and are symmetrically connected to the positions near the edges of the corresponding sides of the caisson 4 in the upstream and downstream.

[0056] Just by arranging four anchor cables 3 on the upstream and downstream sides of the caisson 4 respectively, and the four anchor cables 3 on the upstream and downstream are symmetrically arranged relative to the caisson 4, it is possible to quickly and accurately adjust the planar position and twist angle of the caisson 4 well. Combining with the full utilization of the round-end shape of the multi-hole caisson 4, the length direction of the caisson 4 is arranged along the water flow direction of the upstream and downstream, and the wider surface is located in the transverse direction where the upstream and downstream are located, which is beneficial to resisting water flow scouring and the construction of the caisson 4. Among them, the two inner anchor cables 3 serve as the main cables, and the connection direction of the main cables to the caisson 4 is set close to the central axis of the length direction of the caisson 4, that is Figure 1 shown in the left-right direction, rather than directly connecting to the corresponding middle position of the caisson 4, so that the main cables form a certain acute angle with the length direction of the caisson 4. The main cables are used as the main tool objects for adjusting and maintaining the planar position of the caisson 4 in the upstream and downstream water flow directions. In the upstream and downstream transverse directions, the adjustment is mainly carried out through the two outer side cables. Operating the side cables can obtain a greater adjustment range for the caisson 4 than the main cables. Therefore, the position of the caisson 4 in the transverse direction can be better adjusted through the side cables. When adjusting the twist angle of the caisson 4, by adjusting the different lengths of the tension of the side cables on both sides through the automatic cable-tying device, the twist angle of the corresponding side of the caisson 4 can be adjusted.

[0057] In another technical solution, as Figures 1-2 shown, the distance between the anchor pier platform upstream of the caisson 4 and the center of the designed position where the caisson 4 is to be sunk is greater than 200m, and the distance between the anchor pier platform downstream of the caisson 4 and the center of the designed position where the caisson 4 is to be sunk is greater than 120m. Considering the influence of the water flow direction on the caisson 4 in the water, setting the length of the upstream anchor cable 3 longer is beneficial to improving the adjustment range and initiative of the upstream automatic cable-tying device to adjust the displacement of the caisson 4 in the water flow direction through the anchor cable 3.

[0058] In another technical solution, as Figure 2As shown, the foundation of the anchor pier platform adopts paired steel pipe batter piles 18. Each single anchor pier platform respectively adopts a steel pipe batter pile 18, and a hydraulic press 10 is arranged on the upper platform to adjust the length of the anchor cable 3 to control the attitude of the caisson 4.

[0059] The present invention also provides a construction method for the caisson automatic positioning and sinking system, which combines Figures 1-5 As shown, it includes the following construction steps:

[0060] S1. On the upstream and downstream sides of the designed position where the caisson 4 is to be sunk, construct the above-mentioned anchor pier platforms (1 and 2) on the water respectively. Install the automatic cable mooring device on the anchor pier platform, and arrange and connect the main cable and the side cable. The automatic cable mooring device can automatically tighten and fix or loosen the anchor cable 3 to fix the length of the anchor cable 3 between the anchor pier platform and the caisson 4.

[0061] S2. Initial positioning of the caisson 4. The caisson 4 is towed by a tugboat. At this time, the bottom of the cabin 21 of the caisson 4 is hermetically covered with the sealing plate 5. First, move the caisson 4 close to the upstream anchor pier platform, connect the main cable and the side cable on the upstream side to the caisson 4, and then move the caisson 4 backward along the water flow direction to the downstream anchor pier platform and connect the main cable and the side cable on the downstream side.

[0062] Specifically, the caisson 4 is provided with lugs corresponding to the main cable. The end of the main cable is moved to the lugs and connected to the caisson 4 through a shackle. One end of the side cable is fixed on the automatic cable mooring device of the anchor pier platform, and the other end is connected to a stockless anchor. Before the initial positioning of the caisson 4, positioning and anchoring are completed. The crane hoists the head of one end of the side cable anchor pier and passes through the side lug of the caisson 4 by the threading method.

[0063] S3. The caisson 4 is towed away from the designed position where it is to be sunk in advance by a tugboat, the buoyancy assistance measures are removed, the sealing plate 5 on the caisson 4 is removed, and then through the automatic cable mooring device on the anchor pier platform, all the anchor cables 3 are synchronously moved forward or backward along the water flow direction to drive the caisson 4 to move forward or backward for preliminary adjustment of the attitude of the caisson 4. The sinking process of the caisson 4 needs to be carried out at high slack tide. If a lower water level is selected, the caisson 4 will re-float.

[0064] S4. Adjust the main cables (6 and 8) on the upstream and downstream sides respectively through the automatic cable mooring device on the anchor pier platform to complete the determination of the position of the caisson 4 in the upstream and downstream directions, and then adjust the side cables (7 and 9) on the upstream and downstream sides to complete the determination of the position of the caisson 4 in the upstream and downstream transverse directions, and complete the adjustment of the plane position of the caisson 4.

[0065] At this time, it is the first adjustment of the plane position of the caisson 4. Specifically, the automatic cable mooring device is used to adjust the main cables (6 and 8) on the upstream and downstream sides of the caisson 4, and the following steps are carried out:

[0066] ①The moving wire groove 12 on the moving transfer rod 17 is tightened by the hydraulic press 10;

[0067] ②Two fixed wire grooves 13 are arranged on the hydraulic press 10 and are driven to open by the hydraulic drive mechanism 16 of the hydraulic press 10;

[0068] ③The anchor cable 3 and the moving transfer rod 17 are integrated, and the moving transfer rod 17 is jacked up by the hydraulic jack on the hydraulic press 10 on the upstream anchor pier platform 1 to complete the upstream movement of the caisson 4;

[0069] ④The two fixed wire grooves 13 on the hydraulic press 10 contract through the hydraulic press 10 to fix the anchor cable 3 and the hydraulic press 10 together;

[0070] ⑤The moving wire groove 12 connected to the moving transfer rod 17 opens through the hydraulic press 10 to return the moving transfer rod 17 to its original position;

[0071] ⑥The upstream two main cables 6 are jacked up several times to complete the upstream movement of the caisson 4;

[0072] ⑦Adopt the same method, loosen all the clamping wire grooves upstream, and jack up the two downstream main cables 8 several times to complete the downstream movement of the caisson 4.

[0073] ⑧Adopt the same method, and at the same time jack up the side cables on one side of the caisson 4 several times to complete the offset movement of the caisson 4.

[0074] S5. Adjust the lengths of the two main cables on the upstream side between the anchor pier platform and the caisson 4 through the upstream automatic cable mooring device to complete the torsion angle adjustment of the caisson 4.

[0075] This is the first torsion angle adjustment of the caisson 4. Specifically, the following steps are adopted:

[0076] ①Adjust the hydraulic press 10 corresponding to the upstream main cable 6 and the hydraulic press 10 corresponding to the downstream main cable 8, and make the caisson 4 twist to the left through several jackings.

[0077] ②Adjust the hydraulic press 10 corresponding to the upstream main cable 6 and the hydraulic press 10 corresponding to the downstream main cable 8, and make the caisson 4 twist to the right through several jackings. If the caisson 4 twists to the left, loosen the downstream left main cable 8 and tension the upstream right main cable 6, and vice versa.

[0078] ③After the torsion angle adjustment of the caisson 4 is completed, there will be a deviation in the plane position. According to the plane position adjustment method, adjust the plane position again.

[0079] S6. Inject water into each compartment 21 of the caisson 4 through the water inlet system 19 to make the caisson 4 sink for the first time by water injection. During the water injection process, ensure that the water levels in each compartment 21 of the caisson 4 are the same.

[0080] S7. When the caisson 4 is approaching the riverbed during sinking, finely adjust the plane position and torsion angle of the caisson 4 in the same manner as in steps S4 - S5.

[0081] S8. Increase the water injection speed to accelerate the landing of the caisson 4. After the caisson 4 lands, fill all the compartments 21 of the caisson 4 with water so that the caisson 4 can sink into the mud, and then release all the anchor cables 3 connected to the caisson 4.

[0082] The construction method of the automatic positioning and sinking system of the caisson 4 of the present invention sets up anchor pier platforms upstream and downstream of the designed position where the caisson 4 is to be sunk, and arranges automatic cable - tying devices on the anchor pier platforms. One end of the anchor cable 3 is connected to the automatic cable - tying device and the other end is connected to the caisson 4. Relying on the anchor pier platform as the reaction support point, through multiple automatic cable - tying devices, automatically tension or loosen the corresponding anchor cables 3 to form a coordinated adjustment of the plane position or torsion angle of the caisson 4. This not only improves the convenience of operating the anchor cables 3, but also well solves the problem of the force safety during the movement of the caisson 4 in water, and can ensure that the caisson 4 can move horizontally, longitudinally, torsionally, etc. under the condition of a stable floating body. During the positioning and sinking process of the caisson 4, the conversion of each process is relatively simple to operate, shortening the construction period on the critical path during the bridge construction, and improving the working efficiency of the caisson 4 landing.

[0083] In another technical solution, as Figure 2 shown, in step S7, when the caisson 4 sinks to a distance of 1 m from the riverbed at the bottom, first finely adjust the plane position of the caisson 4 in the same manner as in step S4. When the caisson 4 sinks to a distance of 0.5 m from the riverbed at the bottom, finely adjust the torsion angle of the caisson 4 in the same manner as in step S5.

[0084] The specific setting of this step realizes the secondary adjustment of the plane position and torsion angle of the caisson 4 in the early and late stages of the sinking process, controls the position of the caisson 4, and ensures that the landing state of the caisson 4 is accurately controllable.

[0085] In another technical solution, as Figure 1 、 2 、4 shown, when injecting water into the compartments 21 of the caisson 4, inject water symmetrically on both sides in the length direction of the caisson 4 at the same time. Observe the water levels in each compartment 21 during the water injection process and ensure they are consistent to ensure the stable attitude and small change amount of the caisson 4 during the sinking process.

[0086] In another technical solution, as Figure 1 、 2 、4 shown, during the sinking process of the caisson 4, when the caisson 4 deviates from the designed position to be sunk, drain the water in the compartments 21 of the caisson 4 to reduce the difficulty of adjusting the caisson 4, and then readjust the plane position and torsion angle of the caisson 4 before sinking again.

[0087] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed as above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and embodiments. It can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those skilled in the art, additional modifications can be easily made. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and the examples shown and described herein.

Claims

1. An automatic positioning and sinking system for a caisson, characterized in that Comprising: A caisson positioning and mooring system, which includes anchor pier platforms arranged upstream and downstream of the designed position where the caisson is to be sunk along the water flow direction. An automatic cable mooring device is provided on the anchor pier platforms. A plurality of anchor cables are connected between the automatic cable mooring device on each side and the caisson. The extending direction of each anchor cable forms an angle with the length direction of the caisson. The automatic cable mooring device is used to loosen or tension one or more anchor cables connected correspondingly to adjust the position and torsion angle of the caisson. A caisson sinking system, which includes a water inlet system, a water outlet system arranged on the caisson, a connector arranged between the caisson compartments, and a sealing plate arranged at the bottom of the caisson compartments. The compartments are enclosed into independent chambers by arranging sealing plates at the bottom of each compartment. The water inlet system is used to inject water into the chambers, and the water outlet system is used to pump out the water in the chambers. The automatic cable mooring device includes: Guide grooves, which are fixed on the anchor pier platform. A row of guide grooves is arranged corresponding to each anchor cable. The notch of the guide groove is used to place the anchor cable to form a guide. Cable clamping grooves, which are arranged on the side of each row of guide grooves close to the caisson. The cable clamping grooves are divided into a movable cable groove and a fixed cable groove which are arranged in sequence and have exactly the same structure in the direction close to the caisson. Each cable clamping groove includes a fixed plate and a push plate which are arranged in parallel and opposite to each other. A notch for clamping the anchor cable is formed between the fixed plate and the push plate. All the cable clamping grooves corresponding to the same anchor cable and the notch of the guide groove are located in the same straight line direction. Hydraulic presses, one is arranged corresponding to each anchor cable. The hydraulic presses are fixed on the side of the anchor pier platform close to the cable clamping grooves. A set of hydraulic driving mechanisms is arranged on the hydraulic presses corresponding to each cable clamping groove respectively. The hydraulic driving mechanisms are connected to the push plates and are used to drive the push plates to move towards or away from the fixed plates. One end of the hydraulic press facing away from the caisson is hydraulically connected to a movable transfer rod outward along the extending direction of the corresponding notch. The outer end of the movable transfer rod is fixedly connected to the movable cable groove. The hydraulic presses are used to drive the movable transfer rods to move along the extending direction of the notch. Four anchor cables are arranged on both the upstream and downstream sides of the caisson respectively. For the four anchor cables on the upstream or downstream side, they are arranged transversely in sequence along the upstream and downstream water flow. Among them, the two inner ones are used as main cables and are symmetrically connected to the positions near the middle of the corresponding sides of the caisson in the upstream and downstream. The two outer ones are used as side cables and are symmetrically connected to the positions near the edges of the corresponding sides of the caisson in the upstream and downstream. The distance between the anchor pier platform located upstream of the caisson and the center of the designed position where the caisson is to be sunk is greater than 200m, and the distance between the anchor pier platform located downstream of the caisson and the center of the designed position where the caisson is to be sunk is greater than 120m.

2. The open caisson automatic positioning and sinking system according to claim 1, characterized in that, On the side of the push plate facing the fixed plate, an uneven layer is also arranged along the length direction to increase the friction force with the anchor cable.

3. The open caisson automatic positioning and sinking system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The foundation of the anchor pier platform adopts paired steel pipe inclined piles.

4. The construction method of the caisson automatic positioning and sinking system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Including the following construction steps: S1. Construct the anchor pier platforms on the water on both the upstream and downstream sides of the designed position where the caisson is to be sunk, install the automatic cable mooring device on the anchor pier platforms, and arrange and connect the main cables and the side cables. S2. Initial positioning of the caisson. The caisson is towed by a tugboat. At this time, the bottom of the caisson's cabin is hermetically covered with the said bulkhead plate. First, the caisson is brought close to the upstream anchor pier platform, and the main cable and the side cable on the upstream side are connected to the caisson. Then, the caisson is moved backward along the water flow direction to the downstream anchor pier platform, and the main cable and the side cable on the downstream side are connected. S3. Remove the said bulkhead plate on the caisson. Through the automatic mooring device on the anchor pier platform, synchronously move all the anchor cables to the front or rear side in the water flow direction, driving the caisson to move forward or backward. S4. Adjust the main cables on both the upstream and downstream sides respectively through the automatic mooring device on the anchor pier platform to complete the determination of the caisson's position in the upstream and downstream directions. Then, adjust the side cables on both the upstream and downstream sides to complete the determination of the caisson's position in the upstream and downstream lateral directions, thus completing the adjustment of the caisson's planar position. S5. Adjust the lengths of the two main cables on the upstream side between the anchor pier platform and the caisson through the automatic mooring device on the upstream side to complete the adjustment of the caisson's torsion angle. S6. Inject water into each cabin of the caisson through the water inlet system to cause the caisson to sink for the first time. During the water injection process, ensure that the water levels in each cabin of the caisson are the same. S7. When the caisson is approaching the riverbed surface during sinking, finely adjust the planar position and torsion angle of the caisson in the same manner as in steps S4 - S5. S8. Increase the water injection speed to accelerate the caisson's landing. After the caisson lands, inject water into all the cabins of the caisson so that the caisson can sink into the mud, and then release all the anchor cables connected to the caisson.

5. The construction method of the open caisson automatic positioning and sinking system according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S7, when the caisson sinks to a distance of 1 m from the riverbed surface at the bottom, first finely adjust the planar position of the caisson in the same manner as in step S4. When the caisson sinks to a distance of 0.5 m from the riverbed surface at the bottom, finely adjust the torsion angle of the caisson in the same manner as in step S5.

6. The construction method of the caisson automatic positioning and sinking system according to claim 4, characterized in that, When injecting water into the cabins of the caisson, inject water symmetrically at both sides in the length direction of the caisson. Observe the water levels in each cabin during the water injection process and ensure they are the same.

7. The construction method of the caisson automatic positioning and sinking system according to claim 6, characterized in that, During the sinking process of the caisson, when the caisson deviates from the designed position to be sunk, drain the water in the caisson's cabin, readjust the planar position and torsion angle of the caisson, and then sink it again.

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