A rapid propagation method for variant materials with excellent traits in peanuts

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for rapidly propagating variant materials with excellent peanut traits, and belongs to the technical field of crop propagation. The method for rapidly propagating variant materials with excellent peanut traits comprises the following steps: removing the growth point of the variant material with excellent peanut traits to make a scion, and using the original receptor material of the variant material as a rootstock for grafting, so as to achieve rapid propagation of the variant material with excellent peanut traits. The present invention utilizes grafting technology to asexually propagate variant plants that exhibit excellent variant traits after mutagenesis, and F1 plants that exhibit hybrid vigor after hybridization. Removing the growth point after the peanut plant has pods will not have an adverse effect on the development of the pods, and the normal fruiting of the original plant can be retained to the greatest extent; after the grafted seedlings have pods, they can be grafted again, thereby increasing the asexual propagation coefficient without limit, providing an effective way to retain and purify the excellent peanut variant materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of crop propagation, and in particular relates to a method for rapidly propagating peanut variant materials with excellent traits. Background Art

[0002] Peanuts are a self-pollinating crop with hermaphroditic flowers, boasting a reproductive coefficient of approximately 30-40. A single peanut seed, upon normal emergence and growth, typically yields approximately 15-20 pods and 30-40 kernels. In peanut mutagenesis and hybrid breeding, superior variants often emerge. These variants are genetically mosaic or heterozygous, and segregate after natural propagation. Due to the small number of offspring, the variant trait may reappear less frequently in subsequent generations, or be lost due to genetic and environmental factors. Therefore, asexual propagation of existing variants and hybrids maximizes the preservation of current variants and helps provide a sufficiently large segregating population for the retention and purification of mutant traits.

[0003] Higher plants primarily reproduce sexually, but some plants have strong regenerative abilities through their vegetative organs, such as roots, stems, leaves, and buds, as well as modified organs like tubers, corms, and bulbs. This strong regenerative capacity allows for propagation through root division, cuttings, layering, and grafting. For example, potatoes primarily propagate through tubers, sweet potatoes through tubers, and garlic and onions through bulbs. Most fruit trees and flowers reproduce asexually through grafting, cuttings, root division, layering, and ring branches. Sexual reproduction can lead to significant segregation in hybrid offspring, necessitating multiple generations of selection to identify homozygous individuals with stable genetics. Asexual offspring, on the other hand, retain identical genetic makeup to their parent, preventing segregation and promoting the genetic stability of hybrids and superior germplasm. In crop breeding, asexual propagation of superior variants and superior F1 material maximizes the preservation of superior variants and expands the selection pool for future generations.

[0004] Peanut tissue culture seedlings face challenges with rooting, poor root quality, and difficulty surviving transplantation. Grafting can improve the survival rate of tissue culture seedlings. Current research on peanut grafting primarily focuses on grafting tissue culture seedlings. Initially, the rootstocks used retained the epicotyl, which allowed for lateral branches to attach to the epicotyl, resulting in harvested pods originating from the rootstock rather than the scion. Furthermore, there are currently no reports on the propagation of field plants through grafting. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides a method for rapidly propagating peanut variant materials with excellent traits, comprising the following steps:

[0006] The growth point of the peanut variant material with excellent traits is removed to make a scion, and the original recipient material of the variant material is used as the rootstock for grafting to achieve the rapid expansion of the peanut variant material with excellent traits.

[0007] In the above-mentioned rapid propagation method, the peanut excellent trait variant material can be selected from peanut materials and obtained by mutagenesis or hybridization.

[0008] In the above-mentioned rapid propagation method, the scion is the top part with growth points on the main stem and side branches of the peanut superior trait variant material; wherein, the timing for selecting the scion is 1 to 2 weeks after the fruit needles of the peanut superior trait variant material are buried in the soil.

[0009] In the above-mentioned rapid propagation method, the rootstock is prepared by the following method:

[0010] The seedlings of the original recipient material of the mutant material that germinate normally 10 to 14 days after natural sowing are taken, the part above the epicotyl of the seedling is cut off, and the remaining part below the hypocotyl is the rootstock.

[0011] In the above-mentioned rapid propagation method, the grafting process is as follows:

[0012] Use the chopping method to cut off the cotyledons and above of the recipient seedling, and use a surgical blade to split it vertically from the middle, with an incision of 0.5 to 1 cm, as the rootstock; use the chopping method to cut the main stem of the scion into a wedge-shaped notch on the left and right sides, and cut the lower end into a 0.5 to 1 cm incision, keeping the incision smooth and flat; insert the scion into the prepared rootstock material so that the scion and rootstock are in close contact, and wrap it tightly with sealing film.

[0013] The present invention provides the application of the above method in retaining and purifying excellent trait variant materials.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0015] The main purpose of the present invention is to asexually propagate variant plants that exhibit excellent variant traits after mutagenesis, as well as F1 plants that exhibit hybrid vigor after hybridization. Samples are taken after the plants have borne needles and pods. At this time, the plants have not yet begun to age, and the growing points are still in a state of fission and growth. At least one growing point can be taken from each side branch, and 8 to 10 scions can be taken from each plant for grafting. Removing the growing points after the peanut plants have borne needles and pods will not adversely affect the development of the pods, and the normal fruiting of the original plants can be preserved to the greatest extent. After the grafted seedlings have borne needles and fruited, they can be grafted again, thereby increasing the asexual reproduction coefficient without limit. Using this method, the peanut reproduction coefficient can be increased from the original 30 to 40 times to 300 to 400 times, providing an effective way to preserve and purify excellent variant materials.

[0016] Furthermore, grafting is done by removing the growing point after the peanuts have set their needles and pods. At this stage, the peanut plants have not yet shown signs of aging, are not yet infected with leaf spot disease, and the top growing point is rarely infected with other diseases, resulting in no significant defects compared to tissue culture seedlings. Furthermore, during the growth process of peanuts, to prevent excessive growth, they are generally sprayed with chlormequat to control vine growth. Removing the growing point at this time can effectively inhibit the continued growth of the peanut plants while eliminating the tedious step of spraying chlormequat, achieving two goals at once.

[0017] The present invention selects the part with the epicotyl removed as the rootstock, which can ensure that the side branches come from the scion rather than the rootstock, and ensures that the offspring pods come from the scion to the greatest extent, thereby ensuring the normal reproduction of the scion material and successfully achieving the real purpose of grafting. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is the emergence of Huayu 22 after being induced by pingyangmycin;

[0019] Figure 2 The performance of the mutant plants of Huayu 22 after being induced by pingyangmycin; among them, a and b are dwarf mutant plants, c is a creeping mutant plant, and d is the control plant Huayu 22;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a picture of the excellent plants of Huayu 22 after mutagenesis;

[0021] Figure 4 Take the diagram for the scion;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a diagram of the rootstock material;

[0023] Figure 6 This is a grafting flow chart; from left to right: the rootstock to be grafted; vertical incision along the cut surface of the rootstock; the removed scion; the cut surface of the scion is inserted into the cut surface of the rootstock; the sealing film fixes the grafting site;

[0024] Figure 7 For indoor seedling cultivation;

[0025] Figure 8 To ensure normal growth and flowering of grafted seedlings;

[0026] Figure 9 To ensure normal fruiting of grafted seedlings;

[0027] Figure 10 Display for the grafting interface;

[0028] Figure 11 This is the difference in traits of the F1 generation of hybrids between Yuhua 14 and AT215. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The other materials used in the present invention, unless otherwise stated, can be obtained through commercial channels. Unless otherwise specified, other terms used in the present invention generally have the meanings commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art. The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific examples and data. The following examples are merely for illustration of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] 1. Selection of peanut plants with excellent traits

[0032] After the mature seeds of Huayu No. 22 peanut were induced with pingyangmycin, they were sown in the field. The emergence rate was about 50%, indicating that the induced dose met the appropriate half-lethal dose. Figure 1 Compared with the control, the plants after mutation showed dwarfism and changes in plant shape. Figure 2 Select plants that are vigorous and disease-resistant, such as Figure 3 As shown, it is used as a grafted plant.

[0033] 2. Grafting and propagation

[0034] Using the original recipient material Huayu 22 as the rootstock, after the excellent trait variant plant has been fertilized, the main stem and the top growth point of the side branches are used as scions for grafting. The specific operation is as follows:

[0035] About 1 to 2 weeks after the fruit needles of the propagation material are buried in the soil (about 2 months after sowing), take the parts with the top growth points on the main stem and side branches of the peanut plant (about 1 to 2 cm) as scions. The number of main stems and side branches is the number of available scions. One peanut plant can take 8 to 10 scions. Figure 4 As shown in the example, 10 scions were used. The rootstocks were taken from seedlings of the recipient variety that had germinated normally for 10 to 14 days after natural sowing. In the example, seedlings that had germinated normally for 14 days were taken, and the part above the epicotyl of the seedling was cut off, leaving only the hypocotyl part as the rootstock. Figure 5 shown.

[0036] The grafting process is as follows: Use the chopping method to cut off the cotyledons and above of the recipient seedling, and use a surgical blade to split it vertically from the middle, with an incision of 0.5 to 1 cm, as the rootstock; use the chopping method to cut the main stem of the scion into a wedge-shaped notch on both sides, and cut the lower end into a 0.5 to 1 cm incision, keeping the incision smooth and flat; insert the scion into the prepared rootstock material, so that the scion and the rootstock are in close contact, and wrap it tightly with sealing film. The operation process is as follows Figure 6 shown.

[0037] After grafting by the above method, the seedlings are hardened indoors. Figure 7As shown, they were then transplanted into the field, and a total of 10 grafted seedlings were obtained. All of them survived after transplantation and bloomed normally, as shown in Figure 2. Figure 8 As shown in the figure, 10 grafted seedlings were fertilized normally and then produced fruits. Figure 9 As shown in Figure 1, a total of 150 pods and 280 kernels were harvested. Figure 10 shown.

[0038] Example 2

[0039] 1. Selection of peanut plants with excellent traits

[0040] The high-oil peanut variety Yuhua No. 14 was hybridized with the high-oleic peanut AT215. After the hybrid fruit was harvested, the kernels were peeled and molecular marker detection was performed to screen for positive true hybrid F1. When the F1 true hybrid was sown in the field, some plants showed vigorous growth and strong drought resistance compared with their parents, such as Figure 11 shown.

[0041] 2. Grafting and propagation

[0042] (1) Initial grafting

[0043] Using the original recipient material Yuhua No. 14 as the rootstock, after the hybrid F1 plant has been fertilized, the main stem and the top growth point of the side branches are used as scions for grafting. The specific operation is as follows:

[0044] About 1 to 2 weeks after the fruiting needles of the propagated material are buried (about 2 months after sowing), the portion with the top growth point (about 1 to 2 cm) on the main stem and side branches of the peanut plant is used as a scion. The number of main stems and side branches is the number of available scions. One peanut plant can use 8 to 10 scions. In this embodiment, 10 scions are used. The rootstock is taken from the seedlings of the recipient variety 10 to 14 days after natural sowing. In this embodiment, seedlings that have germinated normally for 14 days are taken. The portion above the epicotyl of the seedling is cut off, and only the hypocotyl portion is retained as the rootstock.

[0045] The grafting process is as follows: use the chopping method to cut off the cotyledons and above of the recipient seedling, and use a surgical blade to split it vertically from the middle, with an incision of 0.5 to 1 cm, as the rootstock; use the chopping method to cut the main stem of the scion into a wedge-shaped notch on the left and right sides, and cut the lower end into a 0.5 to 1 cm incision, keeping the incision smooth and flat; insert the scion into the prepared rootstock material so that the scion and rootstock are in close contact, and wrap it tightly with sealing film.

[0046] After grafting using the aforementioned method, the seedlings were hardened indoors and then transplanted into the field. A total of 10 grafted seedlings were obtained, all of which survived after transplanting and flowered normally. After normal fertilization, the 10 grafted seedlings set fruit, and a total of 160 pods and 300 kernels were harvested.

[0047] In summary, the present invention is directed to asexual propagation of induced mutant plants or hybrid F1 generation dominant plants. After the plants have fertilized and fruited normally, the main stem and lateral branch apical meristems are taken for grafting and propagation. In this generation, 8 to 10 asexually propagated plants can be obtained. Each plant can harvest 30 to 40 kernels after normal fertilization and fruiting, and the number of kernels that can be harvested in the same year can reach 300 to 400 kernels, which helps to retain excellent mutations to the greatest extent and expand the offspring selection population. If the primary grafting propagation coefficient still cannot meet the requirements, a secondary grafting propagation can be performed. After the primary grafted seedlings have fertilized and fruited, the main stem and lateral branch apical growth points are taken as scions for secondary grafting, thereby further increasing the propagation coefficient.

[0048] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any other manner. Any person skilled in the art may utilize the above-disclosed technical content to modify or modify the present invention into equivalent embodiments. However, any simple modifications, equivalent variations, and modifications to the above embodiments that do not depart from the technical content of the present invention and are based on the technical essence of the present invention remain within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for rapidly propagating peanut variant materials with excellent traits, characterized in that: Here are the steps: The growth point of the peanut variant material with excellent traits is removed as a scion, and the original receptor material of the variant material is used as a rootstock for grafting to achieve rapid propagation of the peanut variant material with excellent traits; The scion is the top part with growth points on the main stem and side branches of the peanut excellent trait variant material; wherein, the timing for selecting the scion is 1 to 2 weeks after the fruit needles of the peanut excellent trait variant material are buried in the soil.

2. The rapid propagation method according to claim 1, characterized in that The peanut excellent trait variant material can be selected from peanut materials and obtained through mutagenesis or hybridization.

3. The rapid propagation method according to claim 1, characterized in that The rootstock is prepared by the following method: The seedlings of the original recipient material of the mutant material that germinate normally 10 to 14 days after natural sowing are taken, and the part above the epicotyl of the seedling is cut off, and the remaining part below the hypocotyl is the rootstock.

4. The rapid propagation method according to claim 1, characterized in that The grafting process is as follows: Use the chopping method to cut off the cotyledons and above of the recipient seedling, and use a surgical blade to split it vertically from the middle, with an incision of 0.5~1cm, as the rootstock; use the chopping method to cut the main stem of the scion into a wedge-shaped notch on the left and right sides, and cut the lower end into a 0.5~1cm incision, keeping the incision smooth and flat; insert the scion into the prepared rootstock material so that the scion and rootstock are in close contact, and wrap it tightly with sealing film.

5. Use of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in retaining and purifying variant materials with excellent traits.

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