Ice breaking and removing device and method for blast hole of cold region open-pit mine explosive mixing and loading truck

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of explosive mixing and loading in cold open-pit mine, and particularly discloses a borehole ice-breaking and de-icing device and method for explosive mixing and loading vehicle in cold open-pit mine. The borehole ice-breaking and de-icing device comprises a device body, a feeding port at the top end of the device body is in communication with a discharge pipe of the explosive mixing and loading vehicle; a walking mechanism, an ice-breaking mechanism, a monitoring system, a heater and a water suction pipe are installed on the device body; the monitoring system is used for detecting the temperature in the borehole and real-time detecting the ice formation in the borehole, and transmitting the detection data to a control processing center in real time; the end of the water suction pipe is connected with a water suction pump; the walking mechanism, the ice-breaking mechanism, the monitoring system, the heater and the water suction pump are electrically connected with the control processing center. The present application can be used with the existing explosive mixing and loading vehicle to clean the ice in the borehole; and the charging speed can be dynamically adjusted according to the charging flow monitoring.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of explosives mixing technology in cold-region open-pit mines, and particularly to a vehicle-mounted device and method for breaking and de-icing blast holes in cold-region open-pit mines. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, my country's explosive mixing technology has developed rapidly, and explosive mixing vehicles have been widely used in open-pit and underground mines across the country. However, the on-site mixing of explosives in high-altitude and cold-climate open-pit mines presents many problems, severely limiting the use of explosive mixing vehicles in these mines. First, because bench blasting in cold-climate open-pit mines typically involves drilling and charging operations over two days, the low nighttime temperatures cause water to accumulate and freeze inside the boreholes, reducing the amount of mixed explosives loaded during the charging process. Second, icing inside the boreholes severely hinders the precise matching and control of the mixed explosives with the ore and rock, as numerous studies have shown that frozen rocks exhibit significantly altered mechanical properties compared to conventional rocks. The degree of matching between the original explosive mixing scheme and the frozen rock inevitably decreases, affecting the overall bench blasting effect. Third, due to the long on-site explosive mixing operation time, the performance of the mixed explosives loaded inside the pre-charged boreholes is affected by the low temperature inside the borehole (originating from icing inside the borehole and the external environment), further impacting the overall bench blasting effect. Finally, ice formation inside the hole will lead to problems such as difficulty in determining the length of the mixed explosives lower tube, and difficulty in controlling the pumping speed of the explosives and the lifting speed of the tube.

[0003] The aforementioned problems increase the difficulty of using explosives-mixed trucks for bench blasting operations in high-altitude and frigid regions. Currently, methods such as spreading industrial salt and covering the borehole openings after drilling are commonly used to try to prevent ice formation inside the boreholes. However, practical experience shows that these methods cannot completely eliminate ice formation inside the boreholes. Therefore, how to prevent ice formation inside the boreholes or remove existing ice has become crucial to improving the normal operation of explosives-mixed trucks in high-altitude and frigid regions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a device and method for de-icing and clearing blast holes in open-pit mines in cold regions, which solves the problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a hole-breaking and de-icing device for explosives mixing vehicles in cold open-pit mines, comprising a device body, wherein a feed inlet is provided at the top center of the device body, and the feed inlet is connected to the discharge pipe of the explosives mixing vehicle.

[0006] The device body is equipped with a walking mechanism, an ice-breaking mechanism, a monitoring system, a heater, and a water pumping pipe. The walking mechanism is located on the side wall of the device body, and the device body moves along the borehole wall via the walking mechanism. The ice-breaking mechanism is located at the bottom of the device body and is used to break up ice inside the borehole. The monitoring system is used to detect the temperature inside the borehole and to monitor the ice formation inside the borehole in real time, and transmits the detection data to the control and processing center at the back end in real time. The heater is used to melt the ice broken by the ice-breaking mechanism. A water pump is connected to the end of the water pumping pipe, and the water pump discharges the water after the ice in the borehole is melted through the water pumping pipe. The walking mechanism, the ice-breaking mechanism, the monitoring system, the heater, and the water pump are all electrically connected to the control and processing center.

[0007] Preferably, the walking mechanism includes several sets of walking wheels evenly spaced around the circumference of the device body, with two walking wheels in each set, and the two walking wheels in the same set arranged vertically; an adjustment component is installed on the walking wheel, the adjustment component is used to adjust the distance between the walking wheel and the device body, and the walking wheel is detachably connected to the device body through the adjustment component; both the walking wheel and the adjustment component are electrically connected to the control processing center.

[0008] Preferably, the adjustment assembly includes a connecting plate detachably connected to the device body, a plurality of telescopic guide columns are fixedly connected to the connecting plate, and the telescopic guide columns are electrically connected to the control processing center; the ends of the telescopic guide columns are slidably fitted with mounting seats, and the traveling wheels are rotatably connected to the mounting seats; the mounting seats are threaded with fastening bolts, and the telescopic guide columns are connected and fixed to the mounting seats through the fastening bolts.

[0009] Preferably, a brake is fixedly mounted on the mounting base, the brake is used for emergency braking of the traveling wheel, and the brake is electrically connected to the control processing center.

[0010] Preferably, the traveling wheel is either an electric vehicle wheel or a tracked wheel.

[0011] Preferably, the ice-breaking mechanism includes a sidewall circumferential drill bit disposed on the sidewall of the device body and a bottom circumferential drill bit disposed at the bottom end of the device body, and both the sidewall circumferential drill bit and the bottom circumferential drill bit are electrically connected to the control processing center.

[0012] Preferably, the monitoring system includes a camera and a temperature sensor, both of which are electrically connected to the control processing center; the camera includes a top camera disposed at the top of the device body and a bottom camera disposed at the bottom of the device body.

[0013] Preferably, the heater is an electric heating rod.

[0014] Preferably, a feed flow monitoring sensor is installed on the discharge pipe of the explosive mixing vehicle, and a water pumping flow monitoring sensor is installed on the water pumping pipe. Both the feed flow monitoring sensor and the water pumping flow monitoring sensor are electrically connected to the control and processing center and are both located above the main body of the device.

[0015] The method of using the ice-breaking and de-icing device for explosive mixed loading vehicles in cold-region open-pit mines provided by the present invention is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0016] S1. Installation and inspection of ice-breaking and de-icing devices;

[0017] S2. Use a monitoring system to detect the temperature and icing conditions inside the borehole, and use an ice-breaking and de-icing device to break up the ice inside the borehole. During the breaking process, use a monitoring system to check whether the ice has been removed properly.

[0018] S3. Use a heater to melt the broken ice and use a water pump to drain the water.

[0019] S4. Measure the downward distance of the ice-breaking and de-icing device, and estimate the thickness of the ice layer at the bottom of the borehole to determine whether to carry out the loading work.

[0020] S5. Load the explosives. After the loading operation is completed, remove the ice-breaking and de-icing device.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0022] 1. This invention can be used in conjunction with existing explosives mixing vehicles. The device has a built-in camera that can accurately acquire information on the icing conditions of the borehole wall and bottom. The thickness of the ice layer at the bottom of the borehole can be determined based on the downlink distance and the known borehole depth. Real-time data is aggregated at the back-end control and processing center and real-time three-dimensional display of the icing inside the borehole is provided.

[0023] 2. The annular drill bit equipped on the side and bottom of this invention can break ice at specific points on the sidewalls, inside collapsed holes and at the bottom of the hole according to the ice conditions inside the borehole. The heater installed at the bottom of the device can heat and melt the broken ice at the bottom. At the same time, the melted water can be discharged through the pumping pipe. The degree of ice removal on the hole wall can be determined by the top camera. If the ice on the hole wall is not completely removed, the removal can be repeated at specific locations. The degree of ice removal at the bottom of the hole can also be determined by calculating the thickness of the ice layer at the bottom of the hole using the bottom camera and the pumping flow monitoring sensor.

[0024] 3. After the ice on the borehole wall and bottom is cleared, the upward speed of the device is dynamically controlled based on the discharge speed reflected by the feed flow monitoring sensor, so as to achieve precise matching of frozen ore and mixed explosives.

[0025] 4. During the descent, the present invention simultaneously monitors the temperature change of the rock wall inside the borehole, calculates the blastability of the frozen rock based on the detected temperature and empirical formula, and adjusts the original mixed explosive-rock matching scheme according to the results to ensure the overall blasting effect. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the working operation of the ice-breaking and de-icing device of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the ice-breaking and de-icing device of the present invention in Embodiment 1;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the adjustment component of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the ice-breaking and de-icing device of the present invention in Embodiment 2;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the ice-breaking and de-icing device of the present invention in Embodiment 2;

[0032] In the diagram: 1. Device body; 2. Feed pipe; 3. Pumping pipe; 4. Traveling wheel; 5. Connecting plate; 6. Telescopic guide column; 7. Mounting base; 8. Fastening bolt; 9. Brake; 10. Side wall circumferential drill bit; 11. Bottom circumferential drill bit; 12. Bottom camera; 13. Top camera; 14. Temperature sensor; 15. Heater; 16. Feed flow monitoring sensor; 17. Pumping flow monitoring sensor; 18. Gear ring one; 19. Gear ring two; 20. Motor one; 21. Motor two; 22. Gear one; 23. Connecting fixing frame one; 24. Circular slide rail; 25. Mounting block; 26. Telescopic push rod; 27. Ice-breaking cone; 28. Gear ring three; 29. ​​Motor three; 30. Gear two; 31. Connecting fixing frame two. Detailed Implementation

[0033] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this invention can be combined with each other. The described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this invention. The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] like Figures 1-3 As shown, the present invention provides a hole-breaking and de-icing device for explosive mixing vehicles in cold open mines, including a device body 1, with a feed inlet at the top center of the device body 1, which is connected to the discharge pipe of the explosive mixing vehicle.

[0036] The device body 1 is equipped with a walking mechanism, an ice-breaking mechanism, a monitoring system, a heater 15, and a water pumping pipe 3. The walking mechanism is located on the side wall of the device body 1, and the device body 1 moves along the borehole wall via the walking mechanism. The ice-breaking mechanism is located at the bottom of the device body 1 and is used to break up the ice inside the borehole. The monitoring system is used to detect the temperature inside the borehole and to monitor the ice formation inside the borehole in real time, and transmits the detection data to the control and processing center at the back end in real time. The heater 15 is used to melt the ice broken by the ice-breaking mechanism. A water pump is connected to the end of the water pumping pipe 3, and the water pump discharges the water after the ice in the borehole has melted through the water pumping pipe 3. The walking mechanism, ice-breaking mechanism, monitoring system, heater 15, and water pump are all electrically connected to the control and processing center.

[0037] Furthermore, the walking mechanism includes several sets of walking wheels 4 evenly spaced around the device body 1, with two walking wheels 4 in each set, and the two walking wheels 4 in the same set are arranged vertically; an adjustment component is installed on the walking wheel 4, which is used to adjust the distance between the walking wheel 4 and the device body 1, and the walking wheel 4 is detachably connected to the device body 1 through the adjustment component; the walking wheel 4 and the adjustment component are both electrically connected to the control processing center.

[0038] The position of the traveling wheels 4 and the pressure applied by the traveling wheels 4 to the hole wall can be changed by using the adjustment component, thereby ensuring that all traveling wheels 4 can contact the hole wall and ensuring the friction between the traveling wheels 4 and the hole wall, thus avoiding the situation where the moving speed is out of control.

[0039] Furthermore, the adjustment assembly includes a connecting plate 5 detachably connected to the device body 1. Several telescopic guide columns 6 are fixedly connected to the connecting plate 5. The telescopic guide columns 6 are electric push rods and are electrically connected to the control processing center. The end of the telescopic guide column 6 is slidably fitted with a mounting seat 7, and the walking wheel 4 is rotatably connected to the mounting seat 7. The mounting seat 7 is threaded with a fastening bolt 8, and the telescopic guide column 6 is connected and fixed to the mounting seat 7 by the fastening bolt 8.

[0040] Furthermore, a brake 9 is fixedly installed on the mounting base 7. The brake 9 is used for emergency braking of the traveling wheel 4. The brake 9 is electrically connected to the control processing center.

[0041] Furthermore, the traveling wheel 4 is an electric wheel, which provides power and controls the movement of the device. Combined with the influence of the electric push rod on the friction between the traveling wheel 4 and the hole wall, the device can move along the hole wall at a set speed.

[0042] Furthermore, the ice-breaking mechanism includes a sidewall circumferential drill bit 10 disposed on the sidewall of the device body 1 and a bottom circumferential drill bit 11 disposed at the bottom of the device body 1. A gear ring 18 and a gear ring 2 19 are slidably disposed inside the device body 1. The gear ring 18 is fixedly connected to the sidewall circumferential drill bit 10, which is slidably mounted on the sidewall of the device body 1 by the gear ring 18. The gear ring 2 19 is fixedly connected to the bottom circumferential drill bit 11, which is slidably mounted on the bottom of the device body 1 by the gear ring 2 19. A motor 1 20 and a motor 21 are fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the device body 1. A gear 1 22 is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of both motor 1 20 and motor 2 21. Motor 1 20 is driven by gear 1 22 and gear ring 18, and motor 21 is driven by gear 1 22 and gear ring 2 19. Both motor 1 20 and motor 2 21 are electrically connected to the control processing center.

[0043] Motor 20 drives gear 22 to rotate, and gear 22 drives gear ring 18 to rotate, thereby realizing the rotation of the side wall circumferential drill bit 10. Motor 21 drives gear 22 to rotate, and gear 22 drives gear ring 19 to rotate, thereby realizing the rotation of the bottom circumferential drill bit 11.

[0044] Furthermore, the device body 1 is provided with a connecting and fixing frame 23 inside. The connecting and fixing frame 23 has a U-shaped structure. The device body 1 on the upper and lower sides of the drill bit 10 is connected and fixed by the connecting and fixing frame 23. The motor 20 and the motor 21 are both fixedly installed on the connecting and fixing frame 23.

[0045] Furthermore, the monitoring system includes a camera and a temperature sensor 14, both of which are electrically connected to the control processing center. The camera includes a top camera 13 located at the top of the device body 1 and a bottom camera 12 located at the bottom of the device body 1. The temperature sensor 14 can be located at the bottom and top of the device body 1 as needed, so as to facilitate monitoring the actual temperature of the rock after ice breaking and thus calculate its explosiveness. In addition, the top camera 13 can also identify the internal structural surface of the borehole to assist in the evaluation of explosiveness.

[0046] Furthermore, heater 15 is an electric heating rod.

[0047] Furthermore, a feed flow monitoring sensor 16 is installed on the discharge pipe of the explosive mixing vehicle, and a water pumping flow monitoring sensor 17 is installed on the water pumping pipe 3. Both the feed flow monitoring sensor 16 and the water pumping flow monitoring sensor 17 are electrically connected to the control and processing center and are both located above the device body 1.

[0048] The method of using the ice-breaking and de-icing device for explosive mixing vehicles in cold-region open-pit mines provided by this invention includes the following steps:

[0049] S0, Drilling operations and borehole treatment;

[0050] On the first day, drilling operations are carried out according to the blast hole layout plan, with a drilling depth of 20-21 meters. The diameter of the deep-hole bench blasting borehole in open-pit mines is usually 30 cm. The specific hole depth can be determined by the length of the drill bit of the drilling machine. At night, industrial salt can be sprinkled and shielding materials can be added to the hole opening to prevent icing. On the second day, the explosive loading operation is carried out, and the gravel and debris near the hole opening are removed.

[0051] S1. Installation and inspection of ice-breaking and de-icing devices;

[0052] Connect the ice-breaking and de-icing device to the discharge pipe of the explosives mixing vehicle, and check whether the ice-breaking and de-icing device is working properly.

[0053] Place the ice-breaking and de-icing device into the borehole opening, make the traveling wheel 4 of the traveling mechanism in close contact with the borehole wall, start the ice-breaking and de-icing device, and make the ice-breaking and de-icing device travel along the borehole wall at the set speed.

[0054] S2. Use a monitoring system to detect the temperature and icing conditions inside the borehole, and use an ice-breaking and de-icing device to break up the ice inside the borehole. During the breaking process, use a monitoring system to check whether the ice has been removed properly.

[0055] The monitoring system is activated to detect the icing conditions and temperature data inside the borehole, and the detection data is transmitted to the back-end control and processing center in real time. The video frames of the bottom camera 12 are extracted to create a three-dimensional image of the icing conditions on the borehole wall. At the same time, the side wall circumferential drill bit 10 is activated to break up the icing on the borehole wall.

[0056] By extracting video frames from the top camera 13, the icing situation on the hole wall is re-imaged in three dimensions, and the icing removal status is determined. If the removal is not up to standard, the ice-breaking and de-icing device moves upward to remove residual ice. If the removal is up to standard, the ice-breaking and de-icing device moves downward to continue breaking up the ice on the hole wall.

[0057] S3. Use heater 15 to melt the broken ice and use water pump to drain the water.

[0058] When the device descends to the bottom of the borehole and reaches the ice layer, the bottom circumferential drill bit 11 and heating rod are turned on to break and melt the ice at the bottom of the borehole. The melted water is promptly pumped away using the water pumping pipe 3 and water pump. The degree of ice removal at the bottom of the borehole is determined by the water pumping volume monitoring sensor, the bottom camera 12 taking pictures and measuring the thickness of the ice layer at the bottom of the borehole.

[0059] S4. Measure the downward distance of the ice-breaking and de-icing device, and estimate the thickness of the ice layer at the bottom of the borehole to determine whether to carry out the loading work.

[0060] The thickness of the ice layer at the bottom of the borehole can be estimated based on the downlink distance and the known actual borehole depth.

[0061] S5. Loading the explosive: Before loading, the control and processing center determines the rock mechanics parameters of the frozen rock based on the test results and calculates the explosiveness of the frozen rock. Based on the explosiveness of the frozen rock, the original mixed explosive-rock matching scheme is adjusted.

[0062] After the ice on the borehole wall is broken, the control and processing center uses the temperature sensor 14 on the top of the device body 1 to perform three-dimensional imaging of the borehole wall temperature based on the temperature data of the broken rock. Combining the rock type and empirical formulas, common mechanical parameters of the rock are converted to determine the rock mechanical parameters of the frozen rock. Based on the obtained rock mechanical parameters, the explosiveness of the frozen rock is calculated, and three-dimensional imaging of the explosiveness of the borehole wall is performed. The explosiveness of the frozen rock and the matching criteria of the mixed explosives are used to match the mixed explosives. Finally, the original mixed explosives-rock matching scheme is adjusted.

[0063] During the loading operation, the camera, temperature sensor 14, side wall circumferential drill bit 10, bottom circumferential drill bit 11, and heating rod are turned off. Then, the loading and lifting of the pipe are carried out according to the new explosive-ore matching scheme. Since the discharge speed of the pumped explosive in cold regions is difficult to control, the upward speed of the device needs to be adjusted in real time according to the discharge port flow rate sensor so that the upward speed of the device and the discharge speed are adapted to each other and the moving speed of the device is dynamically adjusted to achieve the predetermined matching scheme. When the device reaches the upper limit of the injection, the loading stops and the device accelerates upward. After the loading operation is completed, the ice breaking and de-icing device is withdrawn and subsequent hole plugging and other operations are carried out.

[0064] Example 2

[0065] When a borehole partially collapses, a groove is formed on the borehole wall. When ice forms inside the groove, the sidewall circumferential drill bit 10 cannot break the ice during the process of breaking the ice inside the borehole. This also affects the judgment of whether the ice has been properly cleared by the monitoring system, thus affecting the ice-breaking efficiency.

[0066] To solve the above problems, such as Figures 4-5 As shown, this embodiment adds a telescopic ice-breaking mechanism to the first embodiment. The telescopic ice-breaking mechanism includes an annular slide rail 24, which is slidably connected to the top of the device body 1. A mounting block 25 is fixedly connected to the annular slide rail 24, and a telescopic push rod 26 is fixedly installed on the mounting block 25. An ice-breaking cone 27 is fixedly installed at the end of the push rod near the borehole wall. The ice-breaking cone 27 can have a heating function. A gear ring 38 is provided on the inner side of the device body 1. The gear ring 38 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the annular slide rail 24. A connecting fixing frame 21 is provided on the inner side of the device body 1. The connecting fixing frame 21 has an L-shaped structure. The two ends of the connecting fixing frame 21 are fixedly connected to the side wall of the device body 1 and the top wall of the device body 1 located inside the annular slide rail 24, respectively. A motor 39 is fixedly connected to the connecting fixing frame 21. A gear 20 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor 39. The gear 20 meshes with the gear ring 38.

[0067] During the process of breaking up the ice in the borehole using the ice-breaking and de-icing device, the monitoring system is activated to detect the icing conditions and temperature data inside the borehole and transmit the detection data to the back-end control and processing center in real time. The system also extracts video frames from the bottom camera 12 to create a three-dimensional image of the icing conditions on the borehole wall. At the same time, the side wall circumferential drill bit 10 is activated to break up the icing on the borehole wall.

[0068] By extracting video frames from the top camera 13, the icing situation on the hole wall is re-imaged in three dimensions, and the icing removal status is determined. If the removal is not up to standard, the ice-breaking and de-icing device moves upward to remove residual ice. If the removal is up to standard, the ice-breaking and de-icing device moves downward to continue breaking up the ice on the hole wall.

[0069] Then, by extracting video frames from the top camera 13 again, a three-dimensional image of the icing on the borehole wall is created, and the progress of ice removal is assessed. If the removal is still unsatisfactory, the location and distance of the icing on the borehole wall are determined using the top camera 13. The motor 29 drives the gear 30 to rotate, which in turn drives the gear ring 28 and the annular slide rail 24 to rotate. This adjusts the telescopic push rod 26 and the ice-breaking cone 27 on the annular slide rail 24 to align with the location of the icing on the borehole wall. Then, the ice-breaking and de-icing device moves upward, and the telescopic push rod 26 controls the reciprocating motion of the ice-breaking cone 27 to impact the icing location on the borehole wall and remove residual ice. If the removal is satisfactory, the ice-breaking and de-icing device moves downward to continue breaking up the icing on the borehole wall.

[0070] By setting up the telescopic push rod 26 and the ice-breaking cone 27, the ice inside the groove on the borehole wall can be broken, thus achieving more comprehensive ice removal inside the borehole. Moreover, when the ice-breaking and de-icing device needs to be braked in an emergency, the ice-breaking cone 27 can be brought into contact with the borehole wall by the telescopic push rod 26, thus facilitating the emergency braking of the ice-breaking and de-icing device.

[0071] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A device for breaking and de-icing blast holes in open-pit mines in cold regions, characterized in that: Includes a device body (1), the top center of which is provided with a feed inlet, which is connected to the discharge pipe of the explosive mixing vehicle; The device body (1) is equipped with a walking mechanism, an ice-breaking mechanism, a monitoring system, a heater (15), and a water pump (3); the walking mechanism is located on the side wall of the device body (1), and the device body (1) moves along the borehole wall through the walking mechanism; the ice-breaking mechanism is located at the bottom of the device body (1), and the ice-breaking mechanism is used to break the ice on the side wall of the borehole; the monitoring system is used to detect the temperature inside the borehole and to detect the ice inside the borehole in real time, and transmit the detection data to the control and processing center at the back end in real time; the heater (15) is used to melt the ice broken by the ice-breaking mechanism; the end of the water pump (3) is connected to a water pump, and the water pump discharges the water after the ice in the borehole is melted through the water pump (3); the walking mechanism, the ice-breaking mechanism, the monitoring system, the heater (15), and the water pump are all electrically connected to the control and processing center. The ice-breaking mechanism includes a side wall circumferential drill bit (10) disposed on the side wall of the device body (1) and a bottom circumferential drill bit (11) disposed at the bottom end of the device body (1). The side wall circumferential drill bit (10) and the bottom circumferential drill bit (11) are both electrically connected to the control processing center.

2. The ice-breaking and de-icing device for blast holes in open-pit mines in cold regions, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The walking mechanism includes several sets of walking wheels (4) evenly spaced around the device body (1), with two walking wheels (4) in each set, and the two walking wheels (4) in the same set are arranged vertically; an adjustment component is installed on the walking wheel (4), the adjustment component is used to adjust the distance between the walking wheel (4) and the device body (1), and the walking wheel (4) is detachably connected to the device body (1) through the adjustment component; the walking wheel (4) and the adjustment component are both electrically connected to the control processing center.

3. The ice-breaking and de-icing device for blast holes in open-pit mines in cold regions, as described in claim 2, is characterized in that... The adjustment assembly includes a connecting plate (5) detachably connected to the device body (1), and a plurality of telescopic guide columns (6) are fixedly connected to the connecting plate (5). The telescopic guide columns (6) are electrically connected to the control processing center. The end of the telescopic guide column (6) is slidably fitted with a mounting seat (7), and the walking wheel (4) is rotatably connected to the mounting seat (7). The mounting seat (7) is threaded with a fastening bolt (8), and the telescopic guide column (6) is connected and fixed to the mounting seat (7) through the fastening bolt (8).

4. The ice-breaking and de-icing device for blast holes in open-pit mines in cold regions, as described in claim 3, is characterized in that... A brake (9) is fixedly installed on the mounting base (7). The brake (9) is used to brake the walking wheel (4) in an emergency. The brake (9) is electrically connected to the control processing center.

5. The ice-breaking and de-icing device for blast holes in open-pit mines in cold regions, as described in claim 2, is characterized in that... The traveling wheel (4) is either an electric vehicle wheel or a tracked wheel.

6. The ice-breaking and de-icing device for blast holes in open-pit mines in cold regions, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The monitoring system includes a camera and a temperature sensor (14), both of which are electrically connected to the control processing center; the camera includes a top camera (13) located at the top of the device body (1) and a bottom camera (12) located at the bottom of the device body (1).

7. The ice-breaking and de-icing device for blast holes in open-pit mines in cold regions, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The heater (15) is an electric heating rod.

8. The ice-breaking and de-icing device for blast holes in open-pit mines in cold regions, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The discharge pipe of the explosive mixing vehicle is equipped with a feed flow monitoring sensor (16), and the pumping pipe (3) is equipped with a pumping flow monitoring sensor (17). The feed flow monitoring sensor (16) and the pumping flow monitoring sensor (17) are both electrically connected to the control and processing center and are both located above the device body (1).

9. The method of using the ice-breaking and de-icing device for blast holes of a vehicle used for mixing explosives in cold-region open-pit mines according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Installation and inspection of ice-breaking and de-icing devices; S2. Use a monitoring system to detect the temperature and icing conditions inside the borehole, and use an ice-breaking and de-icing device to break up the ice inside the borehole. During the breaking process, use a monitoring system to check whether the ice has been removed properly. S3. Use a heater (15) to melt the broken ice and use a water pump to drain the water. S4. Measure the downward distance of the ice-breaking and de-icing device, and estimate the thickness of the ice layer at the bottom of the borehole to determine whether to carry out the loading work. S5. Load the explosives. After the loading operation is completed, remove the ice-breaking and de-icing device.

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