Broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite hazardous chemical agent decontaminant and application thereof

Abstract

This invention discloses a broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite hazardous chemical decontamination agent and its application, comprising 25-30 parts of liquid decontamination agent and 3-5 parts of powder decontamination agent; the liquid decontamination agent is a 1-3 wt% sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution; the powder decontamination agent comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10-20 parts of aluminum chloride-modified activated carbon and 50-60 parts of sodium polyacrylate; by combining the liquid and powder decontamination agents and specifying the exact components, the liquid decontamination agent can rapidly and efficiently reduce the concentration of hazardous chemical volatilization, neutralize hazardous chemical liquids, and inherently treat typical leaked hazardous chemicals; the powder decontamination agent can quickly solidify the leaked liquid to prevent its continued flow and diffusion, and can effectively prevent secondary volatilization of hazardous chemical liquids. The final reaction product is gel-like, and the gel-like substance is in good condition, not easily desorbed, and has moderate viscosity, thus improving the broad-spectrum and safety of the hazardous chemical decontamination agent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of emergency response technology for hazardous chemical spills, and in particular to a broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite hazardous chemical decontaminant and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Typical hazardous chemicals such as ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and methanol are widely used in industrial, academic, and laboratory settings. Leaks can cause minor incidents such as corrosion, toxicity, and environmental pollution, or even serious disasters such as fires and explosions. Therefore, it is essential to take immediate emergency measures to control leaks of typical hazardous chemicals in order to prevent further damage and pollution.

[0003] Currently, for typical hazardous chemical leaks, people generally use traditional methods such as single physical methods (seal-off containment, emergency adsorption, collection and transportation) or chemical methods (acid-base neutralization, emergency decontamination, dilution) for emergency response. However, these methods target only a single type of substance, are difficult to degrade, and the excessive use of chemical reagents can pose a risk of secondary accidents.

[0004] Therefore, there is a need to provide a broad-spectrum, easily degradable, and non-hazardous composite chemical decontamination agent. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, this application provides a broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite hazardous chemical decontamination agent and its application, which is used to solve the problem of how to improve the broad-spectrum nature and safety of hazardous chemical decontamination agents.

[0006] To achieve the above technical objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] In one aspect, this application provides a broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite hazardous chemical decontamination agent, comprising 25-30 parts of liquid decontamination agent and 3-5 parts of powder decontamination agent; the liquid decontamination agent is a 1-3 wt% sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution; the powder decontamination agent comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10-20 parts of aluminum chloride-modified activated carbon and 50-60 parts of sodium polyacrylate.

[0008] Preferably, the preparation method of aluminum chloride modified activated carbon is as follows: the activated carbon is immersed in an aluminum chloride solution, ultrasonically treated, and then centrifuged, dried and ground to obtain aluminum chloride modified activated carbon.

[0009] Preferably, the concentration of the aluminum chloride solution is 20-30%.

[0010] Preferably, the mass ratio of activated carbon to aluminum chloride is 1:1-1.2.

[0011] Preferably, when the target of decontamination is ammonia and / or methanol, the broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite hazardous chemical decontamination agent includes 30 parts of liquid decontamination agent and 5 parts of powder decontamination agent; the liquid decontamination agent is a 3wt% sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution; the powder decontamination agent includes the following components in parts by mass: 20 parts of aluminum chloride-modified activated carbon and 60 parts of sodium polyacrylate.

[0012] Preferably, when the target of decontamination is hydrochloric acid, the broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite hazardous chemical decontamination agent includes 25 parts of liquid decontamination agent and 5 parts of powder decontamination agent; the liquid decontamination agent is a 1 wt% sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution; the powder decontamination agent includes the following components in parts by mass: 20 parts of aluminum chloride-modified activated carbon and 60 parts of sodium polyacrylate.

[0013] Secondly, this application provides an application of a broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite hazardous chemical decontamination agent.

[0014] Preferably, the application method is to spray the liquid decontaminant and the powder decontaminant simultaneously onto the object to be decontaminated.

[0015] Preferably, the disinfection targets include one or more of ammonia, methanol, and hydrochloric acid.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows:

[0017] The broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite hazardous chemical decontamination agent in this solution has broad-spectrum and universality, and can deal with most common typical hazardous chemical leakage accidents, such as ammonia, hydrochloric acid, methanol and other typical hazardous chemicals.

[0018] This solution's broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite hazardous chemical decontamination agent is simple and efficient to operate. In simulated actual disposal, the powder and liquid two-phase decontamination agent is sprayed onto the leaked hazardous chemical liquid in a targeted manner according to the type and amount of the leaked substance, so that it can react with the liquid chemically and solidify the liquid so that it no longer flows or spreads, thus preventing secondary pollution and ensuring high safety.

[0019] The components of this solution are simple and easy to prepare. The powdered disinfectant in this invention is mainly composed of natural substances and industrial-grade raw materials, which are green, environmentally friendly, non-toxic and harmless. The prepared powdered disinfectant is an environmentally friendly disinfectant. The preparation process does not require special processing and can be carried out by quantitative proportioning according to actual needs. The prepared liquid disinfectant is stable and easy to store, and can be prepared on-site as needed. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0021] This application provides a broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite hazardous chemical decontamination agent, comprising 25-30 parts of liquid decontamination agent and 3-5 parts of powder decontamination agent; the liquid decontamination agent is a 1-3 wt% sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution; the powder decontamination agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of aluminum chloride modified activated carbon and 50-60 parts of sodium polyacrylate.

[0022] Using a single liquid decontamination agent to decontaminate hazardous chemical leaks cannot promptly solidify the hazard source and poses a potential risk of further expansion of the leak area and greater pollution. Using powder decontamination agents alone primarily involves adsorption followed by neutralization, burial, or incineration. These methods are cumbersome and do not fundamentally address the typical hazardous chemical leak; subsequent incineration and burial also pollute the environment. This application combines liquid and powder decontamination agents, specifying their components. The liquid decontamination agent rapidly and efficiently reduces the concentration of volatile hazardous chemicals and neutralizes the liquid, fundamentally addressing the typical hazardous chemical leak. The powder decontamination agent quickly solidifies the leaked liquid, preventing further flow and diffusion, and effectively inhibits secondary evaporation, resulting in a gel-like final product that is stable, resistant to desorption, and has moderate viscosity, facilitating subsequent transport and disposal at the accident site.

[0023] The preparation method of aluminum chloride-modified activated carbon is as follows: Activated carbon is immersed in an aluminum chloride solution, ultrasonically treated, then centrifuged, dried, and ground to obtain aluminum chloride-modified activated carbon. This achieves the combination of the adsorbent activated carbon and aluminum chloride. During decontamination, the aluminum chloride in the aluminum chloride-modified activated carbon reacts to form a gel-like substance of aluminum hydroxide, enabling the activated carbon to adsorb the decontamination target. Simultaneously, the aluminum chloride-modified activated carbon also has the function of solidifying leaked liquids, preventing secondary volatilization and diffusion, and improving safety.

[0024] Aluminum chloride-modified activated carbon and sodium bicarbonate have a wide range of applications, making the broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite hazardous chemical decontamination agent broad-spectrum in nature. Sodium polyacrylate is used as a gelling and curing agent.

[0025] In some embodiments, the concentration of the aluminum chloride solution is 20-30%; preferably, the concentration of the aluminum chloride solution is 20%.

[0026] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of activated carbon to aluminum chloride is 1:1-1.2; preferably, the mass ratio of activated carbon to aluminum chloride is 1:1.

[0027] This broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite hazardous chemical decontamination agent has a wide range of decontamination targets: When the decontamination target is ammonia and / or methanol, the broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite hazardous chemical decontamination agent includes 30 parts liquid decontamination agent and 5 parts powder decontamination agent; the liquid decontamination agent is a 3wt% sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution; the powder decontamination agent includes the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts aluminum chloride-modified activated carbon and 60 parts sodium polyacrylate; When the decontamination target is hydrochloric acid, the broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite hazardous chemical decontamination agent includes 25 parts liquid decontamination agent and 5 parts powder decontamination agent; the liquid decontamination agent is a 1wt% sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution; the powder decontamination agent includes the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts aluminum chloride-modified activated carbon and 60 parts sodium polyacrylate.

[0028] This application provides an application of a broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite hazardous chemical decontamination agent.

[0029] The application method of the broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite hazardous chemical decontamination agent is to spray the liquid decontamination agent and the powder decontamination agent simultaneously onto the object to be decontaminated, and use it immediately after preparation.

[0030] Broad-spectrum powder-liquid compound hazardous chemical decontamination agents can be used to decontaminate one or more of the following substances: ammonia, methanol, and hydrochloric acid.

[0031] The following specific embodiments further illustrate this solution.

[0032] Raw material preparation

[0033] Aluminum chloride modified activated carbon: Prepare a 20% aluminum chloride aqueous solution and impregnate it with activated carbon material at a mass ratio of 1:1. After impregnation for 2 hours, perform ultrasonic treatment. After ultrasonic treatment for 15 minutes, centrifuge the solution to obtain solid-liquid separation. After extracting the solid material, weigh and record it, then dry it and grind the dried material into powder with a particle size of 10-20μm.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] A broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite hazardous chemical decontamination agent includes 30g of liquid decontamination agent and 5g of powder decontamination agent; the liquid decontamination agent is a 3wt% sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution; the powder decontamination agent includes the following components in parts by mass: 20 parts of aluminum chloride-modified activated carbon and 60 parts of sodium polyacrylate.

[0036] Example 2

[0037] A broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite hazardous chemical decontamination agent is provided, with the other contents being the same as in Example 1, except that the liquid decontamination agent is a 1 wt% sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution.

[0038] Example 3

[0039] A broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite hazardous chemical decontamination agent is provided, which is otherwise the same as in Example 1, except that it includes 30g of liquid decontamination agent and 3g of powder decontamination agent.

[0040] Example 4

[0041] A broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite hazardous chemical decontamination agent is provided, which is otherwise the same as in Example 2, except that it includes 30g of liquid decontamination agent and 3g of powder decontamination agent.

[0042] Comparative Examples 1-4

[0043] A hazardous chemical decontamination agent is identical to that in Example 1, except that the liquid decontamination agents are pure water, 5 wt% OP-10 aqueous solution, 10 wt% OP-10 aqueous solution, and 3 wt% sodium dodecyl sulfate aqueous solution.

[0044] Comparative Example 5

[0045] A hazardous chemical decontamination agent, otherwise identical to Example 1, except that it is a 35g 3wt% sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution.

[0046] Comparative Example 6

[0047] A hazardous chemical decontamination agent includes 35g of liquid decontamination agent, which is a pure aqueous solution.

[0048] Comparative Example 7

[0049] A hazardous chemical decontamination agent, which is otherwise the same as in Example 1, except that the activated carbon modified with aluminum chloride is replaced with activated carbon modified with ferric chloride.

[0050] Evaluation Test

[0051] The hazardous chemical decontamination agents prepared in the examples and comparative examples were sprayed into ammonia water at a mass ratio of 1:3. After 10 minutes, the residual amount of ammonia water was tested, and the decontamination rate was calculated. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0052] Test method: The concentration inside the chamber is monitored in real time using a gas detector; disinfection rate = (concentration change / initial concentration) × 100%.

[0053] Table 1 Results of Ammonia Disinfection Rate Test

[0054]

[0055]

[0056] The results showed that, compared with Comparative Example 6, the sum of the washing and disinfection improvement rates of Comparative Example 5 and Comparative Example 1 was less than the washing and disinfection improvement rate of Comparative Example 6 in Example 1, indicating that sodium bicarbonate and aluminum chloride modified activated carbon have a synergistic effect on the washing and disinfection of ammonia water.

[0057] The hazardous chemical decontamination agents prepared in the examples and comparative examples were sprayed into methanol at a mass ratio of 1:3. After 10 minutes, the residual amount of methanol was tested, and the decontamination rate was calculated. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0058] Table 2 Results of methanol washing rate test

[0059] project Disinfection rate (%) Example 1 86.8 Example 2 82 Example 3 74.8 Example 4 75.1 Comparative Example 1 81.6 Comparative Example 2 66.7 Comparative Example 3 48 Comparative Example 4 47.7 Comparative Example 5 65.9

[0060] The results show that when the ratio of liquid decontaminant to powder decontaminant is changed, the decontamination effect is still good; when the liquid decontaminant is changed, its decontamination rate is not as good as that of the hazardous chemical decontaminant of this application, indicating that the hazardous chemical decontaminant of this application has a good decontamination effect on methanol.

[0061] The hazardous chemical decontamination agents prepared in the examples and comparative examples were sprayed into salt water at a mass ratio of 1:4. After 10 minutes, the residual amount of hydrochloric acid was tested, and the decontamination rate was calculated. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0062] Table 3 Results of hydrochloric acid washing efficiency test

[0063] project Disinfection rate (%) Example 1 94.1 Example 2 97.3 Example 4 88.6 Example 3 91.5 Comparative Example 5 72.9 Comparative Example 6 68.2％

[0064] The results show that the hazardous chemical decontamination agent of this application also has a good decontamination effect on hydrochloric acid, which is much better than the effect of using liquid decontamination agents alone.

[0065] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite hazardous chemical decontamination agent, characterized in that, It consists of 25-30 parts liquid decontamination agent and 3-5 parts powder decontamination agent; the liquid decontamination agent is a 1-3 wt% sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution; the powder decontamination agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts aluminum chloride modified activated carbon and 50-60 parts sodium polyacrylate.

2. The broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite hazardous chemical decontamination agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for preparing the aluminum chloride-modified activated carbon is as follows: the activated carbon is immersed in an aluminum chloride solution, ultrasonically treated, and then centrifuged, dried, and ground to obtain the aluminum chloride-modified activated carbon.

3. The broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite hazardous chemical decontamination agent according to claim 2, characterized in that, The concentration of the aluminum chloride solution is 20-30%.

4. The broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite hazardous chemical decontamination agent according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mass ratio of activated carbon to aluminum chloride is 1:1-1.

2.

5. The broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite hazardous chemical decontamination agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the target of decontamination is ammonia and / or methanol, the broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite hazardous chemical decontamination agent consists of 30 parts liquid decontamination agent and 5 parts powder decontamination agent; the liquid decontamination agent is a 3wt% sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution; the powder decontamination agent consists of the following components in parts by mass: 20 parts aluminum chloride modified activated carbon and 60 parts sodium polyacrylate.

6. The broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite hazardous chemical decontamination agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the target of decontamination is hydrochloric acid, the broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite hazardous chemical decontamination agent consists of 25 parts liquid decontamination agent and 5 parts powder decontamination agent; the liquid decontamination agent is a 1 wt% sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution; the powder decontamination agent consists of the following components in parts by mass: 20 parts aluminum chloride modified activated carbon and 60 parts sodium polyacrylate.

7. The application of a broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite hazardous chemical decontamination agent as described in any one of claims 1-6 in the decontamination of ammonia, methanol, and hydrochloric acid.

8. The application according to claim 7, characterized in that, The application method is to simultaneously spray the liquid decontaminant and the powder decontaminant onto the object to be decontaminated.

9. The application according to claim 7, characterized in that, The targets of its disinfection include one or more of ammonia, methanol, and hydrochloric acid.

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