A method for pre-separation of spent catalyst based on vibration separation and screening classification

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of waste catalyst pre-sorting method based on vibration separation and screening classification, belong to material screening technical field, solve the problem that different shape and size of material flow is difficult to screen in prior art.The pre-sorting method of the present application includes the following steps: step S1: waste catalyst mixture material is sent into vibrating screen, material falls on cloth distribution plate;Step S2: waste catalyst mixture material is screened by shape through cloth distribution plate;Material in different regions of cloth distribution plate flows out through multiple discharge ports, and the shape screening of material is completed;Step S3: different shape material flows into different regions of vibrating screen plate;And material size is screened and sorted through screen hole on vibrating screen plate;Step S4: after material is screened through vibrating screen plate, form oversize product and undersize product, and the screening of different size material is completed.The present application realizes the rapid screening of waste catalyst material of different shape and size.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of material screening technology, and in particular to a pre-sorting method for waste catalysts based on vibration segregation and screening classification. Background Technology

[0002] Waste catalysts are widely used in industries such as petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, electronics, fine chemicals, and automotive exhaust purification. Commonly used waste catalysts include silver catalysts and platinum catalysts. The selection of recycling methods for waste industrial catalysts is determined comprehensively based on factors such as the catalyst's composition, content, type of support, value of the recovered materials, yield, the company's equipment and technical capabilities, and recycling costs. Catalysts not only differ in shape but also in their elemental composition and content, primarily including cylindrical, spherical, strip-shaped, honeycomb, and gear-shaped forms. For example, waste palladium catalysts from petroleum reforming mainly consist of rod-shaped materials containing the recyclable precious metal Pd and spherical particles that do not contain precious metals and are considered waste.

[0003] The recovery of spent catalyst materials is the process of extracting valuable metals from spent catalysts containing metal components. Before metal extraction from spent catalyst materials, the materials need to be screened and sorted. Current material sorting technologies have high requirements for the particle size and density of raw materials, and often require pre-screening and grading before sorting.

[0004] Therefore, in order to achieve efficient classification and separation of waste catalyst materials of different shapes, this invention provides a waste catalyst pre-sorting method based on vibration separation and sieving classification. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on the above analysis, the present invention aims to provide a pre-sorting method for waste catalysts based on vibration separation and sieving classification, in order to solve the problems of difficult sorting and high energy consumption of waste catalyst particles of different shapes.

[0006] The objective of this invention is mainly achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A pre-sorting method for waste catalysts based on vibration segregation and sieving classification includes the following steps:

[0008] Step S1: Feed the waste catalyst mixture into the vibrating screen, and the material falls onto the inclined cloth plate on the upper layer of the vibrating screen;

[0009] Step S2: The waste catalyst mixture is shape-screened through a feeding plate; materials of different shapes gather in different areas of the feeding plate; materials in different areas of the feeding plate flow out through multiple outlets, completing the shape screening of the materials;

[0010] Step S3: Materials of different shapes flow into different areas of the vibrating screen plate; and are screened and sorted by size through the screen holes on the vibrating screen plate;

[0011] Step S4: After the material is screened by the vibrating screen plate, it forms the oversize product and the undersize product; the oversize product is the large-sized waste catalyst, and the undersize product is the small-sized waste catalyst, thus completing the screening of materials of different sizes.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S1, a plurality of discharge ports are arranged side by side on one side of the fabric plate; the fabric plate is inclined along the width of the screen and also in a direction perpendicular to the width of the screen.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S2, when the fabric plate vibrates, its vibration direction is vibration along the plane where the fabric plate is located and / or vibration perpendicular to the plane where the fabric plate is located.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S2, the material distribution plate vibrates under the drive of the vibrating motor. During the vibration process, waste catalyst materials of different shapes gather in different areas of the material distribution plate. The waste catalyst materials are classified into spherical particles, ellipsoidal particles and non-spherical particles according to their fluidity. As the waste catalyst materials move from the drop point of the material distribution plate to the discharge port, the material with higher fluidity is positioned lower on the material distribution plate.

[0015] Furthermore, in step S2, spherical particles gather at the lower part of the fabric plate; ellipsoidal particles gather at the middle part of the fabric plate; and non-spherical particles gather at the upper part of the fabric plate.

[0016] Furthermore, in step S3, at least one screen partition is provided above the vibrating screen plate; the screen partition can divide the screen surface of the vibrating screen plate into multiple areas.

[0017] Further, in step S3, there are two screen partitions, namely the first screen partition and the second screen partition; the vibrating screen plate is divided into three independent screening zones by the first screen partition and the second screen partition, namely the first screening zone, the second screening zone and the third screening zone; the first screening zone screens and grades the spherical particles; the second screening zone screens and grades the ellipsoidal particles; the third screening zone screens and grades the non-spherical particles.

[0018] Furthermore, the upper surface of the material distribution plate is provided with flow guide strips; the flow guide strips are arranged perpendicular to the discharge port of the material distribution plate and can guide the waste catalyst material gathered in different areas of the material distribution plate; the waste catalyst material of different shapes gathered in various areas of the material distribution plate flows to different discharge ports under the action of the flow guide strips, and can then fall into different screening sections of the vibrating screen plate.

[0019] Furthermore, in step S1, the vibrating screen has multiple overlapping partitions distributed from top to bottom inside; the fabric plate overlaps above the overlapping partitions and is supported by the overlapping partitions.

[0020] Furthermore, in step S1, by adjusting the overlap between the fabric plate and the overlapping strips of different heights, the inclination of the fabric plate in the sieve width direction can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the sieving efficiency of the fabric plate in shape sieving.

[0021] It is worth noting that the description of the shape of the spent catalyst in this invention is used to clearly and accurately describe the sorting method of this invention; the shape type and proportion of the spent catalyst particles to be sorted are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this invention.

[0022] The technical solution of this invention can achieve at least one of the following effects:

[0023] 1. The waste catalyst pre-sorting method based on vibration separation and sieving classification of the present invention, by setting the material distribution plate to be inclined in both the width direction and perpendicular to the width direction, so that as the waste catalyst material moves towards the discharge port on the material distribution plate, particles of different shapes will move to different areas under the vibration of the material distribution plate, thereby realizing the separation of the mixture according to shape.

[0024] 2. The waste catalyst pre-sorting method based on vibration separation and sieving classification of the present invention introduces waste catalyst materials of different shapes into different screening sections of a vibrating screen plate through different discharge ports for screening. Particles of the same shape have different particle sizes, and smaller particles can pass through the vibrating screen plate and enter the under-screen, thereby realizing the separation of mixed materials of the same shape according to particle size.

[0025] 3. In traditional particulate material sorting processes, the incoming materials need to be pre-graded by vibrating screens, with products of different particle sizes entering different types of sorters, resulting in a complex process system. This invention enables particle size classification and shape sorting of particulate materials on the same equipment, improving the efficiency of screening and sorting waste catalyst materials, reducing screening time and operator workload. The waste catalyst pre-sorting method of this invention efficiently combines material classification and sorting, has high compatibility with particle size distribution of the sorted raw materials, and boasts numerous advantages such as being water-free, pollution-free, having a large processing capacity, and high sorting efficiency.

[0026] In this invention, the above-described technical solutions can be combined with each other to achieve more preferred combinations. Other features and advantages of this invention will be set forth in the following description, and some advantages may become apparent from the description or be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of this invention can be realized and obtained from what is particularly pointed out in the description and drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0027] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same parts.

[0028] Figure 1 The flowchart shows the waste catalyst pre-sorting method based on vibration separation and sieving classification of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the vibrating separation screening device of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a front view of the vibrating separation screening device of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the fabric panel structure;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the motion principle of the flow guide strips on the fabric plate.

[0033] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the sieve plate assembly.

[0034] Figure 7 This is the front view of the vibrating screen plate;

[0035] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of a multi-layer sieve plate assembly.

[0036] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a vibrating screen plate with a slotted screen structure.

[0037] Figure label:

[0038] 1-Feeding mechanism; 2-Screen body; 3-Distribution plate; 4-Blocking plate; 5-Vibration motor; 6-Vibrating screen plate; 7-Equipment support; 8-Guide bar; 9-Rotating shaft; 10-Rotating support; 11-Positioning plate; 12-Adjusting hole;

[0039] 301 - First discharge port; 302 - Second discharge port; 303 - Third discharge port;

[0040] 61 - First sieve plate; 62 - Second sieve plate; 63 - Third sieve plate;

[0041] 601 - First screening section; 602 - Second screening section; 603 - Third screening section; 604 - Upper separator for the first screening section; 605 - Upper separator for the second screening section; 606 - Lower separator for the first screening section; 607 - Lower separator for the second screening section;

[0042] 611 - First slit sieve hole; 612 - Second slit sieve hole; 612a - Circular part; 612b - First slit part; 613 - Third slit sieve hole; 613a - Square part; 613b - Second slit part. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which constitute a part of the present invention and are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to illustrate the principles of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] A specific embodiment of the present invention discloses a pre-sorting method for waste catalysts based on vibration segregation and sieving classification, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0046] Step S1: Feed the waste catalyst mixture into the vibrating screen, and the material falls onto the inclined material distribution plate 3 on the upper layer of the vibrating screen;

[0047] Step S2: The waste catalyst mixture is shaped and screened by the material distribution plate 3; materials of different shapes gather in different areas of the material distribution plate 3; materials in different areas of the material distribution plate 3 flow out through multiple outlets, thus completing the shape screening of the materials.

[0048] Step S3: Materials of different shapes flow into different areas of the lower vibrating screen plate 6; and are screened and sorted by size through the screen holes on the vibrating screen plate 6;

[0049] Step S4: After the material is screened by the vibrating screen plate 6, it forms the oversize product and the undersize product; the oversize product is the large-sized waste catalyst, and the undersize product is the small-sized waste catalyst, thus completing the screening of materials of different sizes.

[0050] The implementation methods for each step are explained in detail below:

[0051] Step S1:

[0052] In step S1, multiple discharge ports are arranged side by side on one side of the fabric plate 3; the fabric plate 3 is inclined along the screen width direction and also inclined in a direction perpendicular to the screen width.

[0053] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, the vibrating screen includes: a screen body 2, a material distribution plate 3, and a vibrating screen plate 6; the material distribution plate 3 is disposed above the vibrating screen plate 6 and is staggered; the discharge port of the material distribution plate 3 is vertically opposite to the receiving end of the vibrating screen plate 6; the vibrating screen plate 6 is provided with screen holes, which can screen waste catalyst materials of different sizes; the vibrating screen plate 6 is provided with screen partitions, and the vibrating screen plate 6 is divided into multiple screening sections by the screen partitions; the multiple discharge ports of the material distribution plate 3 correspond one-to-one with the multiple screening sections of the vibrating screen plate 6; the discharge end of the vibrating screen plate 6 is provided with multiple receiving boxes; the multiple receiving boxes are used to store the oversize and undersize products after screening, respectively.

[0054] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 2 As shown, the vibrating screen is fed with waste catalyst material through the feeding mechanism 1; the feeding mechanism 1 includes a feed cylinder and a discharge cylinder that are connected to each other; the feed cylinder is vertically upward, and the waste catalyst material can be poured into the feeding mechanism 1 through the feed cylinder; one end of the discharge cylinder is connected to the feed cylinder, and the other end is connected to the screen body 2 of the vibrating screen.

[0055] Specifically, the feeding mechanism 1 and the screen body 2 are both fixed and supported by the equipment bracket 7; the vibrating motor 5 is installed on the screen body 2, and the vibrating motor 5 can drive the screen body 2 to vibrate; the material distribution plate 3 and the vibrating screen plate 6 are both installed on the screen body 2 and can vibrate the screen body 2 synchronously.

[0056] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, the width direction of the fabric plate 3 is the arrangement direction of the multiple discharge ports, such as... Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the flow direction of the waste catalyst material on the feed plate 3 is the material flow direction, which is perpendicular to the width direction of the feed plate. Traditional screening equipment's feed end only serves as a receiving point, resulting in high material mixing, which is detrimental to subsequent classification. This invention sets up a feed plate 3 at the feed end of the vibrating screen plate 6, which serves both upstream receiving and lateral separation of particles of different shapes / sizes along the screen width direction of the feed plate 3, thereby achieving pre-separation of particles of different shapes along the screen width direction of the feed plate 3.

[0057] Specifically, such as Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the material distribution plate 3 is generally rectangular, parallelogram, or irregular quadrilateral. The material distribution plate 3 is inclined in both the left-right and front-back directions; the left and right sides of the material distribution plate 3 are connected to the screen body 2.

[0058] Specifically, the highest end of the fabric plate 3 serves as the material inlet, and the opposite side of the inlet is the outlet; for example... Figure 4As shown, the material outlet of the fabric plate 3 is provided with a first outlet 301, a second outlet 302 and a third outlet 303; the first outlet 301, the second outlet 302 and the third outlet 303 are arranged in order from low to high.

[0059] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, the material distribution plate 3 is tilted with the left side lower than the right and the front side lower than the back. The left-right direction, i.e. the width direction, of the material distribution plate 3 is the direction of material segregation, and the front-back direction of the material distribution plate 3 is the direction of material flow. The right rear end of the material distribution plate 3 is the feed end, and the front end of the material distribution plate 3 is the discharge end.

[0060] Specifically, the tilt angle of the fabric plate 3 in the front-to-back direction is α1, and the tilt angle of the fabric plate 3 in the left-to-right direction is α2; that is, the tilt angle of the fabric plate 3 along the material flow direction is α1, and the tilt angle of the fabric plate 3 in the vibration segregation direction is α2; wherein, α1>α2, and both α1 and α2 are less than 30°. Preferably, the angle range of α1 is 10° to 20°, and the angle range of α2 is 5° to 15°.

[0061] In this invention, the material distribution plate 3 is inclined at different angles in both the front-to-back and left-to-right directions. This allows the waste catalyst material to slide along the direction of the larger inclination angle, i.e., the material flow direction, while spherical particles with better rolling properties can roll along the direction perpendicular to the material flow direction, achieving shape separation. In other words, the material distribution plate 3 of this invention acts as a flow ramp for waste catalyst material in one direction, realizing the material distribution function of the vibrating screen plate 6; and in another direction, it vibrates and separates materials of different shapes, realizing the shape separation function of waste catalyst material.

[0062] To achieve good shape segregation, the surface of the distribution plate 3 is rough or has protrusions or grooves. Preferably, when the surface of the distribution plate 3 has protrusions or grooves, the height of the protrusions or grooves is no greater than 1 mm and the width is no greater than 3 mm. Preferably, the protrusions or grooves on the surface of the distribution plate 3 are circular, rectangular, or regular polygonal, and are distributed in an array on the surface of the distribution plate 3. In this invention, the surface of the distribution plate 3 is roughened to increase rolling resistance, thereby limiting the smoothness of the rolling of the waste catalyst material, making the differences in the flowability of materials of different shapes more obvious, and realizing that waste catalyst materials of different shapes can have different degrees of flowability on the surface of the distribution plate 3.

[0063] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, the fabric plate 3 is fixedly mounted on the vibrating screen, and its tilt angle is adjustable. For example... Figure 2As shown, the vibrating screen has multiple bottom-mounted partition strips 4 inside; the material distribution plate 3 overlaps the partition strips 4 and is supported by the partition strips 4. Specifically, the partition strips 4 are arranged on both sides of the inner wall of the screen body 2 of the vibrating screen, and the material distribution plate 3 is connected to the partition strips 4 by screws or snap-fit.

[0064] In step S1, by adjusting the overlap between the fabric plate 3 and the partition strips 4 of different heights, the inclination of the fabric plate 3 in the sieve width direction can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the sieving efficiency of the fabric plate 3 in shape sieving.

[0065] Step S2:

[0066] In step S2, the feeding plate 3 vibrates under the drive of the vibrating motor 5. During the vibration, waste catalyst materials of different shapes gather in different areas of the feeding plate 3. The waste catalyst materials are classified into spherical particles, ellipsoidal particles, and non-spherical particles according to their flowability. As the waste catalyst materials move from the inlet end of the feeding plate 3 towards the outlet, materials with higher flowability are positioned lower on the feeding plate 3. Ellipsoidal particles include ellipsoidal materials with a certain degree of sphericity, cylindrical materials, or frustum-shaped materials. Non-spherical particles include, but are not limited to, rectangular materials, gear-shaped materials, honeycomb-shaped materials, polygonal materials, or irregularly shaped materials. In the mixture of waste catalyst particles, particles of different shapes have different compositions, therefore, shape screening is required.

[0067] In step S2, when the fabric plate 3 vibrates, its vibration direction includes vibration along the plane of the fabric plate 3 and / or vibration perpendicular to the plane of the fabric plate 3. Specifically, when the fabric plate 3 vibrates along its own plane, its vibration direction is back-and-forth vibration, that is, vibration along the material flow direction. Alternatively, the vibration direction of the fabric plate 3 is a superposition of vibration along its own plane and vibration perpendicular to its own plane.

[0068] In step S2, the method for separating the shape of the spent catalyst material includes:

[0069] Step S21: The waste catalyst material is poured into the feed end of the material distribution plate 3, and at the same time the vibration motor 5 drives the material distribution plate 3 to vibrate.

[0070] Step S22: During the vibration of the feeding plate 3, the waste catalyst material moves from the feed end to the discharge end of the feeding plate 3. Since the feeding plate 3 is set at an inclined angle perpendicular to the material flow direction, during the process of the material moving towards the discharge end, the highly fluid spherical particles and ellipsoidal particles will move towards the lower end of the feeding plate 3. When the mixed particles of the waste catalyst material move on the inclined feeding plate 3, they are affected by their own shape and move to different areas. The spherical particles and ellipsoidal particles move towards the lower end of the feeding plate 3, and the higher the fluidity, the farther the movement distance.

[0071] Step S23: Spherical particles in the waste catalyst material flow into the first discharge port 301, ellipsoidal particles flow into the second discharge port 302, and non-spherical particles flow into the third discharge port 303; thus achieving shape separation of the waste catalyst material.

[0072] In step S22, spherical particles with a larger sphericity have weaker friction with the screen surface and smaller inertial force. They are mainly affected by their own gravity and move towards the lower part of the inclined feeding plate 3 by rolling and jumping. Elliptical particles with a smaller sphericity move a shorter distance to the lower part. Non-spherical particles such as honeycomb, gear-shaped, and irregularly shaped particles, in addition to being affected by their own gravity, have significant friction with the surface of the feeding plate 3 and have large inertial force. Affected by the vibration and projection of the feeding plate 3, they mainly move along the material flow direction.

[0073] In step S22, spherical particles gather at the lower part of the fabric plate 3; ellipsoidal particles gather at the middle part of the fabric plate 3; and non-spherical particles gather at the upper part of the fabric plate.

[0074] Furthermore, such as Figure 4 As shown, the upper surface of the material distribution plate 3 is provided with flow guiding strips 8; the extension direction of the flow guiding strips 8 is consistent with the length direction of the material distribution plate 3. The flow guiding strips 8 are set perpendicular to the discharge port of the material distribution plate 3 and can guide the waste catalyst material gathered in different areas on the material distribution plate 3; the waste catalyst material of different shapes gathered in various areas of the material distribution plate 3 flows to different discharge ports under the action of the flow guiding strips 8, and can then fall into different screening sections on the vibrating screen plate 6.

[0075] In step S23, the feed plate 3 is provided with an adjustable guide bar 8, which can adjust the deflection angle of the guide bar 8 when the properties of the feed change, that is, when the feed amount, particle shape / size and content composition change, thereby adjusting the separation effect and separation rate of the mixed particle group vibration segregation.

[0076] like Figure 4 , Figure 5As shown, flow guide strips 8 are provided between the first discharge port 301 and the second discharge port 302, and between the second discharge port 302 and the third discharge port 303; the flow guide strips 8 are used to guide the material after the shape separation of the cloth plate 3 and prevent back mixing.

[0077] In step S23, the screening efficiency of the material can be adjusted by adjusting the tilt angle of the guide strip 8 on the cloth plate 3.

[0078] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the flow guide strip 8 is rotatably mounted on the fabric plate 3 and fixed by a positioning plate 11 and positioning screws. The positioning plate 11 has multiple circumferentially distributed adjustment holes 12, and the end of the flow guide strip 8 has a mounting hole. A positioning screw is installed in the mounting hole. The positioning screw cooperates with different adjustment holes 12 on the positioning plate 11 to adjust the installation angle of the flow guide strip 8 on the fabric plate 3.

[0079] Preferably, a rotating bracket 10 is fixedly mounted on the fabric plate 3, and the rotating bracket 10 has a shaft hole; the flow guide strip 8 is rotatably mounted on the shaft hole of the rotating bracket 10 via a rotating shaft 9; the positioning disk 11 has a fan-shaped structure or a semi-circular structure; and multiple adjusting holes 12 are evenly distributed around the circumference of the rotating shaft 9. The flow guide strip 8 is used to enhance particle vibration separation while assisting particles of different shapes to move towards different areas of the screen surface after separation. The angle of the flow guide strip 8 can be adjusted by changing the fit between the bolt and the adjusting holes 12 at different positions.

[0080] Step S3:

[0081] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, at least one screen partition is provided above the vibrating screen plate 6; the screen partition can divide the screen surface of the vibrating screen plate 6 into multiple regions.

[0082] like Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, there are two screen partitions, namely the first screen partition 604 and the second screen partition 605; the vibrating screen plate 6 is divided into three independent screening sections by the first screen partition 604 and the second screen partition 605, namely the first screening section 601, the second screening section 602 and the third screening section 603.

[0083] Specifically, in step S3, the process of separating the shape-separated waste catalyst material into particles by particle size includes:

[0084] Step S31: The first discharge port 301, the second discharge port 302 and the third discharge port 303 are arranged in sequence from low to high along the width direction on the fabric plate 3;

[0085] Step S32: The first discharge port 301, the second discharge port 302, and the third discharge port 303 correspond one-to-one with the receiving ends of the first screening section 601, the second screening section 602, and the third screening section 603 on the vibrating screen plate 6; the spherical particles, ellipsoidal particles, and non-spherical particles after shape separation fall into the first screening section 601, the second screening section 602, and the third screening section 603 on the vibrating screen plate 6 through the first discharge port 301, the second discharge port 302, and the third discharge port 303, respectively;

[0086] Step S33: The first screening section 601 screens and classifies the spherical particles; the second screening section 602 screens and classifies the ellipsoidal particles; and the third screening section 603 screens and classifies the non-spherical particles.

[0087] Considering that the size of the spent catalyst material varies, for example, the diameter of spherical particles is 3mm, 5mm, 6mm and 8mm, it is necessary to screen and classify the particles of different sizes.

[0088] In this invention, such as Figure 8 As shown, the vibrating screen plate 6 is inclined and has multiple layers stacked on top of each other; the multi-layer vibrating screen plate 6 screens and classifies waste catalyst materials of different sizes. Specifically, the screen aperture size of the multi-layer vibrating screen plate 6 gradually decreases from top to bottom. This invention, by setting the screen aperture size of the vibrating screen plate 6 to gradually decrease from top to bottom, satisfies the need for multi-stage separation of particles of the same shape but different particle sizes, and achieves multi-product output as needed.

[0089] Step S4:

[0090] In step S4, a first under-screen spacer 606 and a second under-screen spacer 607, corresponding to the first upper screen spacer 604 and the second upper screen spacer 605, are provided below the vibrating screen plate 6. The multi-layer vibrating screen plates 6 are arranged sequentially from top to bottom, and the under-screen spacers and upper screen spacers of adjacent vibrating screen plates 6 are opposite each other, dividing the multi-layer vibrating screen plate 6 into multiple screening chambers, and each screening chamber is connected to a receiving box.

[0091] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 8As shown, when the vibrating screen plate 6 has three layers, they are the first layer screen plate 61, the second layer screen plate 62 and the third layer screen plate 63. The first layer screen plate 61, the second layer screen plate 62 and the third layer screen plate 63 are vertically opposite each other, and the first under-screen spacer 606 and the first upper-screen spacer 604 of the two adjacent layers are in contact, and the second under-screen spacer 607 and the second upper-screen spacer 605 of the two adjacent layers are in contact.

[0092] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, in step S4, the diameters of the spherical particles of the waste catalyst particles are R1, R2, R3 and R4 respectively, and R1>R2>R3>R4, the vibrating screen plate 6 is provided with three layers.

[0093] In step S4, the particle size separation of the spent catalyst particles is performed as follows:

[0094] Step S41: The oversize product of the first screening section 601 of the first sieve plate 61 is spherical particles with a maximum diameter of R1; the oversize product of the first screening section 601 of the second sieve plate 62 is spherical particles with a diameter of R2; the oversize product of the first screening section 601 of the third sieve plate 63 is spherical particles with a diameter of R3; and the undersize product of the first screening section 601 of the third sieve plate 63 is spherical particles with a diameter of R4.

[0095] Step S42: Similarly, the oversize product of the second screening section 602 of the first sieve plate 61, the oversize product of the second screening section 602 of the second sieve plate 62, the oversize product of the second screening section 602 of the third sieve plate 63, and the undersize product of the second screening section 602 of the third sieve plate 63 are ellipsoidal particles with sizes decreasing from large to small.

[0096] Step S43: Similarly, the oversize product of the third screening section 603 of the first sieve plate 61, the oversize product of the third screening section 603 of the second sieve plate 62, the oversize product of the third screening section 603 of the third sieve plate 63, and the undersize product of the third screening section 603 of the third sieve plate 63 are non-spherical particles with sizes decreasing from large to small.

[0097] Furthermore, in step S4, the present invention provides a method for adapting the pore shape, pore size, and open area ratio of sieve holes based on particle morphology characteristics. The particle morphology characteristics include particle size and shape. The particles entering the sieve are divided into spherical, ellipsoidal, and non-spherical particle regions from low to high along the width of the inclined sieve surface of the vibrating sieve plate 6. The present invention installs and configures sieve plates with different pore shapes for particles of different shapes, thereby improving screening efficiency and speed.

[0098] Furthermore, in one specific embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 9As shown, the present invention provides two specific arrangements of the screen holes of the vibrating screen plate 6.

[0099] The first type, such as Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, in step S4, the correspondence between the shape of the sieve holes in the vibrating sieve plate 6 and the shape of the particles is as follows:

[0100] a) The first screening section 601 is configured with rectangular screen holes with an aspect ratio greater than 5:1. The width of the rectangular screen holes is smaller than the diameter of the particles on the screen after grading and they are distributed in an array in the first screening section; used for screening spherical particles.

[0101] b) The second screening section 602 is equipped with circular sieve holes. The diameter of the circular sieve holes is 1.0-1.5 times the length of the particles on the sieve after classification, and is used to classify ellipsoidal particles. Setting the diameter of the circular sieve holes to 1.0-1.5 times the screening particle size facilitates the screening of small ellipsoidal particles in an inclined state through the circular sieve holes, that is, the major axis of the ellipsoid is screened out along the chord direction of the circular sieve holes.

[0102] c) The third screening section 603 is equipped with square screen holes, and the diagonal length of the square screen holes is 1.0-1.5 times the grading particle size, which is used to screen non-spherical particles; that is, the diagonal length of the square screen holes is 1.0-1.5 times the diameter of the product on the screen, which can screen non-spherical particles.

[0103] Specifically, such as Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, for the screen aperture size, the screen aperture size gradually decreases from the feed end to the discharge end of the vibrating screen plate 6; for the screen surface opening ratio, the screen surface opening ratio gradually increases from the feed end to the discharge end of the vibrating screen plate 6.

[0104] In the second method, in step S4, the correspondence between the shape of the sieve holes in the vibrating sieve plate 6 and the shape of the particles is as follows:

[0105] A) such as Figure 9 As shown, the first screening section 601 is configured with a first slotted screen hole 611; the long side of the first slotted screen hole 611 is consistent with the material flow direction, the length of the first slotted screen hole 611 extends from the feed end of the vibrating screen plate 6 to the discharge end, and the width of the first slotted screen hole 611 is smaller than the diameter of the product particles on the screen and larger than the diameter of the product particles below the screen.

[0106] Preferably, the first slit screen hole 611 is a trapezoidal hole, and the width of the larger end of the trapezoidal hole is 1.0-1.5 times the width of the smaller end.

[0107] In step S4, the sieving process of spherical particles in the first sieve section 601 is as follows:

[0108] Step S411: The spherical particles flowing out of the first discharge port 301 fall into the receiving end of the first screening section 601 of the vibrating screen plate 6.

[0109] Step S412: The first slotted screen hole 611 filters out small spherical particles as the undersize product; at the same time, large spherical particles can roll or slide along the inclined first slotted screen hole 611; reducing the accumulation of material at the feed end of the vibrating screen plate 6.

[0110] Step S413: The vibrating motor 5 drives the vibrating screen plate 6 to vibrate, and at the same time, the large spherical particles move along the first screening section 601 towards the discharge end until they are discharged as the product on the screen.

[0111] B) such as Figure 9 As shown, the second sieving section 602 is configured with a second slit screen hole 612; specifically, the second slit screen hole 612 includes two circular portions 612a at both ends and a first slit portion 612b in the middle; the circular portions 612a are located at both ends of the first slit portion 612b and are interconnected; the diameter of the circular portions 612a is 1-1.5 times the length of the undersize product of the ellipsoidal particles and is smaller than the length of the oversize product; the length of the first slit portion 612b is 0.5-1 times the length of the largest particle of the undersize product, and the width is 1-1.5 times the width of the largest particle of the undersize product and is smaller than the width of the oversize product.

[0112] In step S42, the sieving process of ellipsoidal particles is as follows: the circular part 612a sieves out small ellipsoidal particles in a horizontal manner, and the first slit part 612b allows ellipsoidal particles to be sieved out in a longitudinal or vertical manner to form undersize products; at the same time, it can prevent oversize products from falling through.

[0113] C) such as Figure 9 As shown, the third screening section 603 is configured with a third slit screen hole 613; the third slit screen hole 613 includes square portions 613a at both ends and a second slit portion 613b in the middle; the square portions 613a are located at both ends of the second slit portion 613b and are interconnected. The width of the square portions 613a is 1-1.5 times the length of the non-spherical particles under-screen product and is less than the length of the over-screen product. The length of the second slit portion 613b is 0.5-1 times the length of the largest particle under-screen product, and the width is 1-1.5 times the width of the largest particle under-screen product and is less than the width of the over-screen product.

[0114] In step S43, the screening process for non-spherical particles is as follows: the square portion 613a is used to allow the undersize product to be screened out in a horizontal manner, and the second slit portion 613b is used to allow the non-spherical particles to be screened out in a longitudinal or vertical manner to form the undersize product; at the same time, it can prevent the oversize product from falling through.

[0115] In this invention, the screen surface of the vibrating screen plate 6 is installed at an inclination along the material flow direction, and the screen sections are separated by screen partitions. This avoids back-mixing and further enhances the aggregation of particles in each area according to their shape under the action of screen vibration. Under the action of low vibration intensity of the screen, the particles in each screen section move towards the discharge end. Particles smaller than the screen hole size pass through the screen and enter the underside of the screen, while particles larger than the screen hole size move towards the discharge end and are finally discharged as the oversize product.

[0116] Preferably, the vibrating screen plate 6 is inclined along the material flow direction, and also inclined perpendicular to the material flow direction with an adjustable inclination angle; while avoiding back mixing, it further enhances the aggregation of particles in each area according to their shape under the action of screen surface vibration.

[0117] Furthermore, in step S4, the oversize and undersize products from each screening zone enter the receiving box respectively, completing the shape screening and particle size classification of the waste catalyst material.

[0118] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided in this embodiment has at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0119] 1. The waste catalyst pre-sorting method based on vibration segregation and sieving classification of the present invention, wherein the material plate 3 and the vibrating screen plate 6 are fixedly connected to the screen body 2 and are driven to vibrate by the vibration motor 5, can realize the shape segregation of the particles to be sorted and then feed different sieving functions to the screen surface of the vibrating screen plate 6; it can simultaneously realize shape sieving and particle size classification.

[0120] 2. The waste catalyst pre-sorting method based on vibration segregation and sieving classification of the present invention, by setting the particle morphology characteristics and the pore shape / diameter / opening ratio of the sieve holes for horizontal and vertical adaptation, improves the sorting efficiency by more than 5% compared with single pore shape / diameter / opening ratio sieve surface sorting. The present invention improves the sieving efficiency, reduces the degree of mixing of the material after sieving, and can achieve a higher pre-sorting level with fewer impurities in the graded particles.

[0121] 3. The waste catalyst pre-sorting method based on vibration segregation and sieving classification of the present invention achieves efficient classification and pre-sorting of particulate materials on the same equipment, with a sorting efficiency of up to 86.61%. It also boasts high compatibility with the particle size distribution of the sorted raw materials and offers advantages such as no water consumption, no pollution, large processing capacity, and high sorting efficiency. In this invention, both sieving efficiency and sorting efficiency represent the degree of segregation after material sieving, expressed as a percentage; for example, 80% indicates that the proportion of the target material after sieving / sorting is 80%.

[0122] 4. In traditional screening and grading processes, materials mix and enter the screen, forming a layer of a certain thickness. Fine particles have a low contact frequency with the screen surface, resulting in low throughput and poor screening efficiency. In this invention, the mixed material group undergoes pre-separation along the width of the distribution plate 3, perpendicular to the material flow direction, before entering the screen. Materials of different shapes enter different screening zones for particle size separation, which increases the contact frequency between fine particles and the screen surface, thereby increasing the throughput rate of fine particles and improving the screening effect.

[0123] 5. In this invention, the particulate material pre-separated by the cloth plate 3 is fed onto the plate surface for vibratory screening. The shape and size of the particles exhibit significant differences along the width of the plate. Therefore, this invention proposes a method for arranging screen apertures to match the particle size and shape, determining the distribution pattern of the screen apertures, and matching the aperture shapes according to the distribution areas of particles with different shapes, thereby improving the screening effect.

[0124] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pre-sorting method for waste catalysts based on vibration separation and sieving classification, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: The waste catalyst mixture is fed into a vibrating screen, and the material falls onto an inclined distribution plate on the upper layer of the vibrating screen. The inclination angle of the distribution plate along the material flow direction is greater than the inclination angle of the vibration separation direction of the distribution plate. Step S2: The waste catalyst mixture is shaped and screened by the distribution plate. Materials of different shapes accumulate in different areas of the distribution plate. Materials from different areas of the distribution plate flow out through multiple outlets, completing the shape screening of the materials. Step S3: Materials of different shapes flow into different areas of the vibrating screen plate and are screened and sorted by size through the screen holes on the vibrating screen plate. Step S4: After the materials are screened by the vibrating screen plate, oversize products and undersize products are formed. The oversize products are large-sized waste catalysts, and the undersize products are small-sized waste catalysts, completing the screening of materials of different sizes. In step S3, at least one screen partition is provided above the vibrating screen plate; the screen partition can divide the screen surface of the vibrating screen plate into multiple areas; there are two screen partitions, namely a first screen partition and a second screen partition; the vibrating screen plate is divided into a first screening section, a second screening section, and a third screening section by the first screen partition and the second screen partition; the first screening section screens and grades spherical particles; the second screening section screens and grades ellipsoidal particles; the third screening section screens and grades non-spherical particles; The first screening section is configured with a first slotted screen hole; the long side of the first slotted screen hole is aligned with the material flow direction, and the length of the first slotted screen hole extends from the inlet end to the outlet end of the vibrating screen plate; the second screening section is configured with a second slotted screen hole; the second slotted screen hole includes circular portions at both ends and a first slot in the middle; the diameter of the circular portions is smaller than the length of the product on the screen; the width of the first slot is smaller than the width of the product on the screen; the third screening section is configured with a third slotted screen hole; the third slotted screen hole includes square portions at both ends and a second slot in the middle; the width of the square portions is smaller than the length of the product on the screen, and the width of the second slot is smaller than the width of the product on the screen.

2. The pre-sorting method for waste catalyst based on vibration segregation and sieving classification according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, multiple discharge ports are arranged side by side on one side of the fabric plate (3); the fabric plate (3) is inclined along the screen width direction and also inclined in a direction perpendicular to the screen width.

3. The pre-sorting method for waste catalyst based on vibration segregation and sieving classification according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S2, when the fabric plate (3) vibrates, its vibration direction is along the plane where the fabric plate (3) is located and / or perpendicular to the plane where the fabric plate (3) is located.

4. The pre-sorting method for waste catalyst based on vibration segregation and sieving classification according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S2, the material distribution plate (3) vibrates under the drive of the vibration motor (5). During the vibration process, waste catalyst materials of different shapes gather in different areas of the material distribution plate (3). The waste catalyst materials are classified from high to low fluidity as: spherical particles, ellipsoidal particles, and non-spherical particles. During the process of the waste catalyst materials moving from the drop point of the material distribution plate (3) to the discharge port, the material with higher fluidity is positioned lower on the material distribution plate (3).

5. The pre-sorting method for waste catalyst based on vibration separation and sieving classification according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S2, spherical particles gather at the lower part of the fabric plate (3); ellipsoidal particles gather at the middle part of the fabric plate (3); and non-spherical particles gather at the upper part of the fabric plate.

6. The pre-sorting method for waste catalyst based on vibration segregation and sieving classification according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper surface of the material distribution plate (3) is provided with a flow guide strip (8); the flow guide strip (8) is set perpendicular to the discharge port of the material distribution plate (3) and can guide the waste catalyst material gathered in different areas of the material distribution plate (3); the waste catalyst material of different shapes gathered in each area of ​​the material distribution plate (3) flows to different discharge ports under the action of the flow guide strip (8), and can fall into different screening sections on the vibrating screen plate (6).

7. The pre-sorting method for waste catalyst based on vibration segregation and sieving classification according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the vibrating screen is provided with multiple overlapping partitions (4) arranged from top to bottom inside; the fabric plate (3) overlaps above the overlapping partitions (4) and is supported by the overlapping partitions (4).

8. The pre-sorting method for waste catalyst based on vibration segregation and sieving classification according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S1, by adjusting the overlap of the fabric plate (3) with the partition strips (4) of different heights, the inclination of the fabric plate (3) in the sieve width direction can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the sieving efficiency of the fabric plate (3) in shape sieving.

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