Self-energizing cyclone dust cover

Abstract

The present application provides a self-excited cyclone dust cover, which can effectively collect the chips discharged by a cutting tool, has high cleaning rate, small air flow pressure loss, small required air volume and low overall energy consumption. The dust cover comprises a flexible chip blocking throttle ring, a cyclone collecting ring and a collecting cylinder. The cyclone collecting ring is circumferentially provided with a plurality of air inlets, the inner wall of the air inlet close to the longitudinal axis of the cyclone collecting ring is tangent to the inner wall of the cyclone collecting ring. The flexible chip blocking throttle ring surrounds the cyclone collecting ring and extends downward beyond the lower end of the cyclone collecting ring. The air inlet of the collecting cylinder is sealingly connected to the upper end of the cyclone collecting ring, and the air outlet of the collecting cylinder is used for connecting a collecting cover shell or a negative pressure suction pipe. Under the action of negative pressure, air is forced to be sucked into the cyclone collecting ring along the tangential direction of the inner wall of the cyclone collecting ring, and a tornado-shaped rotating upward air flow in the same rotating direction is formed in the cyclone collecting ring and the internal region of the collecting cylinder above the cyclone collecting ring.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a chip removal and dust extraction hood for vertical cutting machine tools, belonging to the technical field of chip removal and dust removal for vertical processing machine tools used for milling, shaping, carving, drilling, grinding, and other processes on the surfaces of wood, bamboo, engineered wood, wood-plastic composites, bakelite, stone, ceramic products and components. Background Technology

[0002] When using cutting tools such as shank end mills, combination end mills, grinding discs (sand discs, brush discs, cloth wheels), and drills to perform vertical machining on the surface of a workpiece, such as milling grooves, contour milling, sanding or polishing, drilling or opening holes, the chips are ejected in all directions along the axis of the tool in the plane of tool rotation.

[0003] For example, when surface processing various wooden furniture, flooring, doors, windows, tables, chairs, cabinets, and other wooden products using vertical milling and drilling, the spindle speed is high and the dust particles are very fine. During processing, the dust flies into the surrounding air with the rotation of the cutting tool, making it difficult to control, and the chips are scattered in all directions. Currently, although furniture and flooring manufacturers use dust collection hoods to collect chips and dust, the poor structural design of these hoods results in less than ideal collection efficiency, high energy consumption, and the dispersed dust directly causes dust pollution, poor occupational health conditions in the workshop, and even dust explosions.

[0004] Because the chips from this type of vertical cutting process are dispersed in all directions, the larger particles in the chip flow have a high velocity. It is difficult to efficiently collect them by relying on the negative pressure suction method where the airflow velocity near the suction port decreases sharply, or to increase the air volume of the dust hood. Therefore, low collection efficiency, low airflow utilization efficiency and high energy consumption are common problems in current dust hoods and dust removal systems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a self-excited cyclone dust collector that can effectively collect chips discharged from cutting tools with a high suction rate, while having low airflow pressure loss, low required air volume, and low overall energy consumption.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] The self-excited cyclone dust collector includes a flexible chip-blocking throttling ring, a cyclone suction ring, and a suction cylinder. The cyclone suction ring has multiple circumferentially distributed air inlets, with the inner wall of the air inlet closest to the longitudinal axis of the cyclone suction ring tangential to the inner wall of the cyclone suction ring. The flexible chip-blocking throttling ring surrounds the cyclone suction ring and extends downwards beyond its lower end. The air inlet of the suction cylinder is sealed to the upper end of the cyclone suction ring, and the air outlet of the suction cylinder is used to connect to a negative pressure dust collection pipe. Under negative pressure, air is forcibly drawn in tangentially along the inner wall of the cyclone suction ring through the air inlets, forming a tornado-like rotating upward airflow in the same direction within the cyclone suction ring and the upper part of the suction cylinder.

[0008] The aforementioned self-excited cyclone dust collector has multiple rows of air intake channels. Each row of air intake channels has multiple air intake channels evenly distributed around the cyclone suction ring. Each row of air intake channels is located at a different axial position on the cyclone suction ring, and the diameter of each air intake channel in the same row is the same.

[0009] In the aforementioned self-excited cyclone dust collector, in the two adjacent rows of air inlets along the axial position of the cyclone suction ring, the diameter of the lower air inlet is 25%-35% larger than that of the upper air inlet.

[0010] The aforementioned self-excited cyclone dust collector has an air intake axis that is spatially orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the cyclone suction ring, or the air intake axis that is inclined to the longitudinal axis of the cyclone suction ring, with the air intake axis rising from the outer periphery to the inner periphery of the cyclone suction ring.

[0011] The aforementioned self-excited cyclone dust collector has an air intake duct with a cross-sectional shape that is circular, oblong, teardrop-shaped, or rectangular with rounded corners. The air intake duct is a straight or curved type with a constant cross-section, or a straight or curved type with a gradually changing cross-section. The cross-sectional area of ​​the air intake duct gradually decreases from the outer circumference to the inner circumference of the cyclone suction ring.

[0012] The aforementioned self-excited cyclone dust collector includes a flexible chip-blocking throttling ring comprising a flexible ring and a clamping frame. The flexible ring is composed of a brush or a flexible strip, and the clamping frame is used to clamp the brush or flexible strip to form the flexible chip-blocking throttling ring. The clamping frame is connected to the cyclone suction ring by magnetic adsorption, or the outer edge of the lower opening of the cyclone suction ring is fixed to the clamping frame by a clamp.

[0013] The aforementioned self-excited cyclone dust collector has its air inlet connected to the upper end of the cyclone suction ring via magnetic adsorption or flange connection.

[0014] The aforementioned self-excited cyclone dust collector also includes a collection housing, the air outlet of the collection cylinder is connected to the collection housing, and the collection housing is used to connect the negative pressure dust collection pipe; the collection housing has a working hole for the spindle component with cutting tools to extend into the center of the cyclone collection ring, the working hole is in sealed contact with the spindle component passing through the working hole, or the collection housing is fixed to the non-moving spindle component or the mounting base of the spindle by a retaining ring surrounding the working hole.

[0015] The aforementioned self-excited cyclone dust collection hood has its collection hood shell and cyclone collection ring extending upwards at a certain angle, or its collection hood shell and cyclone collection ring extending vertically along the horizontal direction.

[0016] The aforementioned self-excited cyclone dust collector has curved guide plates on the inner wall surface at the connection between the suction cylinder and the suction hood shell, and at the connection between the suction hood shell and the negative pressure dust collection pipe, where the airflow makes a sharp turn to avoid eddies and reduce local resistance.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0018] In operation, the cyclone suction ring is coaxial with and envelops the cutting tool (such as a milling cutter) on the spindle assembly. The air inlet and outlet of the suction cylinder are connected to the cyclone suction ring and the negative pressure dust collection pipe, respectively. The lower end of the flexible chip-blocking throttling ring contacts the surface of stationary components such as the workpiece, machine tool base, or frame. If the self-excited cyclone dust collection hood moves up and down with the tool, the flexible ring at the lower end of the flexible chip-blocking throttling ring undergoes elastic deformation due to the change in distance between it and the surface of the workpiece. Under negative pressure, most of the air is forcibly drawn in through several evenly distributed air inlets tangentially opened along the inner wall of the cyclone suction ring. A small amount of air is drawn in through the gaps between the brushes or flexible strips that make up the flexible ring. This creates a tornado-like rotating upward airflow within the cyclone suction ring and the suction cylinder area above it. The rotating upward airflow sweeps up the chips discharged from the cutting tool and out through the suction cylinder and negative pressure dust collection pipe, thus achieving efficient chip and dust removal from the tool. This invention employs a special structure that creates a tornado-like rotating upward airflow within the dust collection hood, enhancing the ability to collect chips and dust emitted by cutting tools. While ensuring efficient chip and dust collection and removal, it helps reduce the overall energy consumption of the dust removal system. Furthermore, the structure is simple, easy to process, and has relatively low manufacturing costs. It fundamentally solves the problems of wasted airflow and high resistance in vertical milling and drilling operations. It features a compact structure with no parts that rotate with the tool, avoiding the reduction in machining accuracy caused by imbalance of rotating components. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the direct-suction self-excited cyclone dust collection hood of Example 1 in use.

[0020] Figure 2This is another perspective view of the direct-suction self-excited cyclone dust collection hood of Example 1 in use;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a perspective view of the direct-suction self-excited cyclone dust collector hood of Example 1;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the cyclone suction ring and the flexible chip baffle in Example 1 (with the clamp removed);

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the cyclone suction ring in Example 1;

[0024] Figure 6 This is a perspective view of the direct-suction self-excited cyclone dust collector hood of Example 2;

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the suction cover and flexible chip baffle throttling ring in Example 2 (with the cyclone suction ring removed);

[0026] Figure 8 This is another schematic diagram of the suction cover and flexible chip baffle throttling ring in Example 2 (with the cyclone suction ring removed);

[0027] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the cyclone suction ring in Example 2;

[0028] Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional view of the side-suction self-excited cyclone dust collection hood of Example 3;

[0029] Figure 11 This is another perspective view of the side-suction self-excited cyclone dust collection hood of Example 3;

[0030] Figure 12 This is a perspective view of the side-suction self-excited cyclone dust collection hood of Example 3 in use.

[0031] Figure 13 This is a perspective view of the side-suction self-excited cyclone dust collection hood of Example 4;

[0032] Figure 14 This is a three-dimensional view of the cyclone suction ring in Example 4;

[0033] Figure 15 This is a three-dimensional view of the inclined suction self-excited cyclone dust collection hood of Example 5;

[0034] Figure 16 This is another perspective view of the inclined suction self-excited cyclone dust collector hood of Example 5.

[0035] In the diagram: Flexible chip-blocking throttling ring 1, clamping frame 11, flexible ring 12.

[0036] Cyclone suction ring 2, air intake duct 21, lower air intake duct 26, upper air intake duct 27, air intake inlet 22.

[0037] Suction enclosure 300, horizontal suction enclosure 302, inclined suction enclosure 303.

[0038] Suction cylinder 3, flange 31, air inlet 32, transition pipe 33, guide vane 34, retaining ring 35.

[0039] Side suction pipe 4, curved guide plate 41,

[0040] 5. Clamps, 6. Electric spindle and cutting tools

[0041] Magnetic block 7, guide hole 71, guide pin 72

[0042] Brush plate 8, brush 81, workpiece 9. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described through specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] Example 1: Direct Suction Self-Excited Cyclone Dust Collector Hood (Clamp Connection)

[0045] See Figure 1 The direct-suction self-excited cyclone dust collector shown includes a flexible chip-blocking throttling ring 1, a cyclone suction ring 2, and a suction cylinder 3.

[0046] The cyclone suction ring 2 is a circular ring with openings at the top and bottom and a certain wall thickness. A row of air intake channels is opened on the cross-section of the cyclone suction ring near the lower opening of the cyclone suction ring. Each row of air intake channels consists of eight air intake channels 21 evenly distributed on the cross-section of the cyclone suction ring. The end of the air intake channel near the inner wall of the cyclone suction ring is tangent to the inner wall of the cyclone suction ring.

[0047] The cross-sectional shape of the air intake duct 21 is circular, elliptical, or teardrop-shaped. Along the direction of airflow, the cross-sectional dimensions of the air intake duct are either tapered or constant. A tapered cross-section is preferred as it can increase airflow velocity and improve swirling effects. The axis of the air intake duct is either straight or curved. An involute axis is preferred to achieve better swirling effects. Figure 2 , 3 The air intake shown is a circular air intake with a straight axis and a tapered cross section.

[0048] The axis of the air intake is inclined upward at a spatial angle α (approximately 5°-12°) with the longitudinal axis of the cyclone suction ring to obtain an upward rotating gas flow field. However, α should not be too large, otherwise the swirling effect will be poor.

[0049] The air intake duct 21 adopts a flared opening at the junction of the air intake duct inlet 22 and the outer periphery of the cyclone suction ring, which is conducive to reducing airflow resistance. The radius of curvature of the flared opening is 5-10 mm.

[0050] A flexible chip-blocking throttling ring surrounds the cyclone suction ring and extends downwards beyond the lower end of the cyclone suction ring; the air inlet of the suction cylinder is sealed to the upper end of the cyclone suction ring, and the air outlet of the suction cylinder is used to connect to the negative pressure suction pipe; under negative pressure, air is forcibly drawn in tangentially along the inner wall of the cyclone suction ring through the air inlet, forming a tornado-like rotating upward airflow in the same direction within the cyclone suction ring and the upper part of the suction cylinder.

[0051] The flexible chip-blocking throttling ring 1 includes a flexible ring 12 and a clamping frame. The flexible ring 12 is composed of brushes or flexible strips, and the clamping frame is used to clamp the brushes or flexible strips to form a firm flexible chip-blocking throttling ring. The outer edge of the lower opening of the cyclone suction ring 2 is fixed to the clamping frame using a clamping clamp 5, which is a prior art technology. The clamping clamp 5 is a handle-type clamp for easy fastening. The length of the brushes or flexible strips below the lower opening of the cyclone suction ring is 30-100mm, which is used to prevent chip particles from splashing outward and to effectively utilize the airflow in the negative pressure suction pipe. The flexible chip-blocking throttling ring 1 is fixed to the outer edge of the lower opening of the cyclone suction ring 2 using a clamping clamp 5. When the dust hood is working, the lower end of the flexible ring 12 is in contact with or has a small gap with the surface of stationary parts such as the workpiece, base, or frame.

[0052] The suction cylinder 3 is a cylindrical body extending axially along the cyclone suction ring, with a flange 31 at its lower end, which is bolted to the upper end face of the cyclone suction ring. The inner wall surface of the air inlet 32 ​​at the lower end of the suction cylinder 3 is a cylindrical surface with the same radius as the upper opening radius of the cyclone suction ring. The air outlet of the suction cylinder 3 is used to connect to the negative pressure suction pipe; under negative pressure, air is forcibly drawn in tangentially along the inner wall of the cyclone suction ring through the air inlet, forming a tornado-like rotating upward airflow in the same direction within the cyclone suction ring and the upper part of the suction cylinder.

[0053] Example 2: Direct-suction self-excited cyclone dust collector cover (magnetic adsorption connection)

[0054] The main difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is that the suction cylinder and the cyclone suction ring, as well as the clamping frame and the cyclone suction ring, are connected by magnetic attraction. This simplifies disassembly and installation, and is especially convenient and quick when replacing the flexible chip-blocking throttling ring.

[0055] The following details the magnetic adsorption method between the clamping frame 11 and the cyclone suction ring 2.

[0056] A blind hole is made on the lower end face of the cyclone suction ring 2 and / or the upper end face of the clamping frame 11, and a magnet 7 is embedded in the blind hole. When the magnet 7 is located on the upper end face of the clamping frame 11, the cyclone suction ring 2 is made of a material that can be attracted by a magnet. When the magnet 7 is located on the lower end face of the cyclone suction ring 2, the clamping frame 11 is made of a material that can be attracted by a magnet. When the magnet 7 simultaneously clamps the upper end face of the clamping frame 11 and the lower end face of the cyclone suction ring 2, the magnets on the upper end face of the clamping frame 11 and the magnets on the lower end face of the cyclone suction ring 2 attract each other. At this time, there are no restrictions on the materials of the cyclone suction ring 2 and the clamping frame 11. For positioning, two guide holes 71 can be made on the lower end face of the cyclone suction ring 2 (or the upper end face of the clamping frame 11), and guide pins 72 that mate with the guide holes 71 can be fixed on the upper end face of the clamping frame 11 (or the lower end face of the cyclone suction ring 2).

[0057] The magnetic adsorption method between the lower end face of the flange 31 of the suction cylinder and the upper end face of the cyclone suction ring is similar to the magnetic adsorption method between the clamping frame 11 and the cyclone suction ring 2 described above, and will not be described again.

[0058] Example 3: Side-suction self-excited cyclone dust collector hood (single-row air intake)

[0059] The main difference between the side-suction self-excited cyclone dust hood shown in Example 3 and the direct-suction self-excited cyclone dust hood in Example 1 is that Example 3 adds structures such as the suction hood shell 300 and the side suction pipe 4 on the basis of Example 1, which will be described in detail below.

[0060] The suction hood 300 in the side-suction self-excited cyclone dust collector is a horizontal suction hood 302 extending horizontally in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the cyclone suction ring, and is connected to the suction cylinder 3 and the side suction pipe 4 respectively. The horizontal suction hood 302 is an oblong shell, and the radius of curvature of the inner wall of the arc at both ends of the oblong shell is the same as the radius of the upper opening of the suction cylinder 3 and the radius of the inner wall of the bottom pipe of the side suction pipe 4, respectively, to reduce air resistance. The side suction pipe 4 is connected to the negative pressure dust collection pipe, and of course, the side suction pipe 4 can also be regarded as part of the negative pressure dust collection pipe. A guide plate 34 is provided on the inner wall of the right end of the horizontal suction hood 302, located below the side suction pipe. The flange 31 around the air inlet 32 ​​at the lower part of the suction cylinder 3 is sealed to the upper end face of the cyclone suction ring by screws or bolts, sealing rings, etc.

[0061] A transition tube 33 is provided above the horizontal suction hood, and the port of the transition tube 33 is the spindle working hole. This side-suction self-excited cyclone dust collector is suitable for vertical machine tools (such as milling machines) with one or more electric spindles, each electric spindle fixedly equipped with a tool, or CNC machining centers (such as milling machining centers) with a tool magazine and an electric spindle capable of online tool changing. In specific use, the side-suction self-excited cyclone dust collector is fixed to the electric spindle with a retaining ring through the spindle working hole on the horizontal suction hood 302 (suitable for direct connection between the tool and the electric spindle), or fixed to the base or frame of the machine tool through a bracket or other means provided on the horizontal suction hood 302 (suitable for machining centers such as machine tools with tool magazines and online tool changing capabilities). Specifically, when used in a vertical machine tool with one axis and one tool, the horizontal suction cover 302 is fixed to the stationary part of the electric spindle passing through the transition tube 33 by a retaining ring 35 on the outer periphery of the upper end of the transition tube 33. The upper end of the transition tube 33 is fixed and in sealed contact with the stationary part of the electric spindle. The entire side-suction self-excited cyclone dust collection cover moves up and down with the electric spindle. When used in a machining center with one axis and multiple tools and a tool magazine, a brush plate is installed at the port of the transition tube 33 as the working hole of the spindle for sealing. The brushes on the brush plate are arranged radially along the transition tube 33. The dust collection cover is fixed on the base or frame of the machining center and does not move up and down with the electric spindle. During operation, the electric spindle and the cutting tool are coaxial with the cyclone suction ring and surrounded by the cyclone suction ring. The electric spindle passes through the transition tube 33 and is sealed with brushes between the two. The spindle and the tool can rotate at high speed and move up and down relative to the dust collection cover along its axis.

[0062] A curved guide plate 41 is provided on the inner wall of the side suction pipe 4, near the cyclone suction ring, to suppress the generation of airflow vortices and reduce the overall airflow resistance of the dust collection hood.

[0063] The electric spindle and tool 6 pass through the transition tube 33 (spindle working hole) at the upper part of the horizontal suction cover 302. The axis of the electric spindle and tool 6 is coaxial with the cyclone suction ring 2, the transition tube 33, and the flexible chip-blocking throttling ring 1. The cyclone suction ring 2 encloses the tool and the chips it throws outwards. The airflow in the side suction pipe 4 is mainly drawn in through the air inlet 21 on the cyclone suction ring. A small amount of airflow is drawn in through the annular gap between the flexible chip-blocking throttling ring fixed under the cyclone suction ring and the workpiece plane, and through the brush on the transition tube 33 (when used in machining centers with tool magazines). The air drawn in by the air inlet induces the air inside the cyclone suction ring to form a rotating cyclone airflow along its axis and sweeps away the scattered chips thrown outwards by the tool.

[0064] The flexible chip-blocking throttling ring 1 is made of anti-static material. The cyclone suction ring 2 is made of anti-static polymer material or lightweight metal material. The suction cylinder 3, the suction hood 300, and the side suction pipe 4 are steel welded structures. All flange and screw connections on the dust collection hood are bridged with wires to release static charge, preventing the accumulation of static charge and the generation of static sparks that could cause dust explosions during production. The machine tool is also grounded via static electricity.

[0065] Example 4: Side-suction self-excited cyclone dust collector hood (dual-row air intake)

[0066] The main difference between Example 4 and Example 3 is that the cyclone suction ring in Example 4 has two rows of air intake channels, which will be described in detail below.

[0067] Along the longitudinal axis of the cyclone suction ring, there are eight lower air inlets (lower air inlets 26) with the same diameter near the lower opening of the cyclone suction ring, and eight upper air inlets (upper air inlets 27) with the same diameter. The diameter of the lower air inlet 26 is 25%-35% larger than that of the upper air inlet 27. The upper air inlet has greater resistance, resulting in a larger airflow from the lower air inlet. This leads to a stronger drag force on the particles entering from the lower air inlet. Reducing the orifice diameter of the upper air inlet can also appropriately increase resistance, resulting in a higher tangential airflow velocity in the tornado and increasing the tornado intensity. However, the diameters of the lower and upper air inlets cannot differ too much; otherwise, the gas pressure loss will be significant.

[0068] The side-suction self-excited cyclone dust collection hoods with single-row and double-row air intakes as shown in Table 1 were used. The airflow in the side suction pipe was changed, and the pressure drop and suction efficiency of the two types are shown in Table 2.

[0069] As can be seen from Table 2, as the air flow rate increases from 200 m³ / h... 3 / h increased to 1000m 3 The suction efficiency of dual-row dust hoods is higher than that of single-row hoods, while the pressure loss is lower. This is because the dual-row air intake design allows for more tangential airflow, resulting in better particle collection. Under the premise of meeting suction efficiency requirements, the dual-row dust hood is the optimal solution with an airflow of 400m³ / h. 3 / h, pressure loss is 493Pa.

[0070] Table 1: Parameters of Single-Row and Double-Row Side-Suction Self-Excited Cyclone Dust Collector Hoods

[0071] Inlet diameter 20mm Top row 15mm, bottom row 20mm Number of intake manifolds Row 1 2nd row Number of intake ducts per row 8 8 Cyclone suction ring inner diameter 120mm 120mm Cyclone suction ring outer diameter 160mm 160mm α 6° 6° Side straw diameter 100mm 100mm The gap between the lower end of the flexible chip-blocking throttling ring and the workpiece 5mm 5mm

[0072] Table 2: Airflow pressure loss and suction efficiency of dust hood under different airflow conditions

[0073]

[0074] Example 5: Inclined Suction Self-Excited Cyclone Dust Collector Hood

[0075] The main difference between the inclined suction self-excited cyclone dust collection hood of Example 5 and Example 2 is that Example 5 adds a suction hood 300 on the basis of Example 2, which will be described in detail below.

[0076] The suction hood 300 in the inclined suction type self-excited cyclone dust collector is an inclined suction hood 303 that extends upward at a certain angle to the axial direction of the cyclone suction ring. The end of the inclined suction hood 303 connected to the upper end of the suction cylinder 3 is a circular shell. The radius of curvature of the inner wall of the circular shell is the same as the radius of the upper opening of the suction cylinder 3 to reduce air resistance. The flange 31 around the air inlet 32 ​​at the lower part of the suction cylinder 3 is sealed to the upper end face of the cyclone suction ring by means of magnetic adsorption or other methods.

[0077] A transition tube 33 is provided above the inclined suction hood 303, and the port of the transition tube 33 is the spindle working hole. When used in a machining center with a tool magazine and a single axis and multiple tools, a brush disk 8 is installed at the port of the transition tube 33 as the spindle working hole for sealing. The brushes 81 on the brush disk 8 are arranged radially along the transition tube 33. The dust collection hood is fixed on the base or frame of the machining center and does not move up and down with the electric spindle. During operation, the electric spindle and cutting tools are coaxial with the cyclone suction ring and surrounded by the cyclone suction ring. The electric spindle passes through the transition tube 33 and is sealed between the transition tube 33 and the brushes 81. The spindle and the cutting tools can rotate at high speed and move up and down relative to the dust collection hood along its axis.

[0078] Compared with similar dust hoods existing at home and abroad, the cyclone suction ring of this invention is fixed and does not rotate with the spindle. This avoids the oscillation of the cutting edge of the cutting tool on the electric spindle due to dynamic imbalance caused by the rotating dust hood, which would lead to a reduction in machining accuracy.

[0079] This invention utilizes the negative pressure of a vacuum suction pipe, such as a side suction pipe, to draw air upwards through one or more rows of spiral-shaped air intake channels evenly distributed across the cross-section on the wall of a cyclone suction ring. The high-speed airflow within these multiple intake channels creates a rotating upward (tornado-like) airflow field within the cyclone suction ring, sweeping away the chips ejected from the cutting tools. This achieves highly efficient chip collection and effective utilization of the airflow within the negative pressure suction pipe, resulting in excellent collection efficiency and low required airflow. The invention uses the coupling of the rotating airflow formed by tangential air intake on the cyclone suction ring with the flow of cutting tools chips as a control mechanism for the directional flow of chip particles. The high-speed airflow's constraint on the particles prevents disorderly scattering of chips at the source, resulting in high collection efficiency, smooth airflow within the dust hood, and low resistance.

Claims

1. A self-excited cyclone dust collector hood, characterized in that, It includes a flexible chip-blocking throttling ring, a cyclone suction ring, and a suction cylinder. The cyclone suction ring has multiple air inlets evenly distributed around its circumference, and the inner wall of the air inlet near the longitudinal axis of the cyclone suction ring is tangential to the inner wall of the cyclone suction ring. The flexible chip-blocking throttling ring surrounds the cyclone suction ring and extends downward beyond the lower end of the cyclone suction ring. The air inlet of the suction cylinder is sealed to the upper end of the cyclone suction ring, and the air outlet of the suction cylinder is used to connect to the negative pressure suction pipe. Under the action of the negative pressure of the suction pipe, air is forcibly drawn in through the air inlets along the tangential direction of the inner wall of the cyclone suction ring, forming a tornado-like rotating upward airflow in the same direction of rotation in the cyclone suction ring and the internal area of ​​the suction cylinder above it. The air intake has multiple rows, each row containing multiple intakes evenly distributed around the cyclone suction ring. Each row of intakes is located at different axial positions within the cyclone suction ring, and all intakes in the same row have the same diameter. In two adjacent rows of intakes at axial positions within the cyclone suction ring, the diameter of the lower row's intakes is 25%-35% larger than that of the upper row's intakes. The intake duct axis is inclined to the longitudinal axis of the cyclone suction ring, and the intake duct axis rises from the outer circumference to the inner circumference of the cyclone suction ring.

2. The self-excited cyclone dust collector hood as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cross-sectional shape of the air intake is circular, oblong, teardrop-shaped, or rectangular with rounded corners. The air intake is a straight or curved type with a constant cross-section, or a straight or curved type with a gradually changing cross-section. The cross-sectional area of ​​the air intake gradually decreases from the outer circumference to the inner circumference of the cyclone suction ring.

3. The self-excited cyclone dust collector hood as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The flexible chip-blocking throttling ring includes a flexible ring and a clamping frame. The flexible ring is composed of a brush or a flexible strip, and the clamping frame is used to clamp the brush or flexible strip to form the flexible chip-blocking throttling ring. The clamping frame is connected to the cyclone suction ring by magnetic adsorption, or the outer edge of the lower opening of the cyclone suction ring is fixed to the clamping frame with a clamp. The flexible chip-blocking throttling ring is made of anti-static material.

4. The self-excited cyclone dust collector hood as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The air inlet of the suction cylinder is connected to the upper end of the cyclone suction ring by magnetic adsorption or by flange connection.

5. The self-excited cyclone dust collector hood as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a suction cover, the air outlet of the suction cylinder is connected to the suction cover, and the suction cover is used to connect the negative pressure suction pipe; the suction cover has a working hole for the spindle component with cutting tools to extend into the center of the cyclone suction ring, the working hole is in sealed contact with the spindle component passing through the working hole, or the suction cover is fixed to the non-moving spindle component or the mounting base of the spindle by a retaining ring surrounding the working hole.

6. The self-excited cyclone dust collector hood as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The suction shroud and the cyclone suction ring extend upward at a certain angle, or the suction shroud and the cyclone suction ring extend horizontally perpendicularly.

7. The self-excited cyclone dust collector hood as described in claim 5, characterized in that, At the connection between the suction cylinder and the suction hood, and at the connection between the suction hood and the negative pressure suction pipe, curved guide plates are installed on the inner wall surface after the airflow makes a sharp turn to avoid eddies and reduce local resistance.

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