Straw mulching no-tillage seeding machine

Abstract

The application discloses a straw covering no-tillage seeding machine, and particularly relates to the technical field of agricultural mechanical equipment, which comprises a rack, a moving device, a secondary processing device and a seeding and fertilizing assembly. The moving device driven by a tractor is arranged on the rack hinged to the tractor. The secondary processing device comprises a flow guide cover and a secondary processing cutter roll assembly. The secondary processing cutter roll assembly is in transmission connection with the moving device. The moving device is used for conveying the straw in the width of the rack to the lower side of the secondary processing device. The secondary processing cutter roll assembly is used for crushing the straw and conveying the straw into the flow guide cover. By adjusting the rotating speed of the secondary processing cutter roll assembly, the straw thrown out of the outlet of the flow guide cover can fully cover the ground or cover between the ridges. The seeding and fertilizing assembly is fixedly arranged at the end of the rack far from the tractor. The application can realize two covering modes of the straw covering between the ridges and the straw fully and uniformly covering the ground, meets the covering requirements of different regions, reasonably regulates the ground temperature, and achieves the purpose of water storage and soil conservation.

Description

A straw-mulching no-till planter Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery and equipment technology, and in particular to a straw-covered no-till planter. Background Technology

[0002] After the previous crop is harvested, the straw is scattered haphazardly in the field in various shapes. The main techniques for sowing the next crop after harvest can be broadly categorized into three methods: 1. Burning the stubble – stubble removal (2-3 times) – rotary tillage (1-2 times) – precision sowing (broadcast or strip sowing); 2. Burning the stubble – stubble removal – plowing and burying – rotary tillage (1-2 times) – precision sowing (broadcast or strip sowing); 3. Stubble removal (1-2 times) – precision (strip) no-till sowing. It is evident that before mechanized sowing after the previous crop is harvested, the straw must first be baled and removed from the field or burned before rotary tillage and sowing operations. Otherwise, the furrow opener of the seeder is prone to clogging. Mechanized sowing suffers from problems such as numerous operational steps, low efficiency, high power consumption, and poor quality.

[0003] Straw mulching technology involves returning straw to the field surface to conserve moisture, save water, and improve soil fertility. However, different regions have varying requirements for straw mulching methods based on crop varieties, soil conditions, planting patterns, and climate characteristics. For example, in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain and arid and semi-arid regions of Northwest China, where summer sowing temperatures are high, full surface straw mulching can effectively reduce surface temperature and water evaporation, promoting crop emergence and growth. However, in the cooler regions of Northeast China, above the third accumulated temperature zone, full straw mulching would result in low seedling temperatures and slow warming, affecting seed emergence and later growth. Therefore, inter-row straw mulching is preferable, as it not only returns straw to the field surface but also ensures the seedling zone is exposed to air, thus increasing seed zone temperature. Currently, existing straw-mulching no-till planters can only achieve full surface straw mulching, offering a single mulching method that cannot meet the diverse needs of different regions. Furthermore, existing straw mulch no-till planters lack pesticide-free spraying systems, which reduces the effectiveness of later application of pesticides or fungicides to the straw mulch surface. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a straw mulching no-till planter to solve the problems existing in the prior art. It can achieve two mulching methods: straw mulching between rows and straw uniform full coverage of the ground surface. It can meet the mulching needs of different regions, reasonably regulate the ground temperature, and achieve the purpose of water storage and moisture retention.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution:

[0006] This invention provides a straw mulching no-till planter, comprising a frame, a transport device, a secondary processing device, and a sowing and fertilizing assembly. The frame is hinged to a tractor. The transport device, driven by the rear power take-off shaft of the tractor, is mounted on the frame. The secondary processing device includes a guide shroud and a secondary processing cutter roller assembly. The guide shroud is hinged to the outer side of one end of the frame and is arranged side-by-side with the transport device. The secondary processing cutter roller assembly is disposed within the guide shroud and is connected to the transport device via a transmission assembly. The transport device transports stubble and straw within the width of the frame to the side of the frame closer to the secondary processing device. The secondary processing cutter roller assembly rotates to crush the stubble and straw and transport them into the guide shroud. The crushed material is discharged from the outlet of the guide shroud under the action of inertial force and airflow. By adjusting the rotation speed of the secondary processing cutter roller assembly, the straw scattered by the guide shroud can achieve full surface coverage or inter-row coverage. The sowing and fertilizing assembly is fixedly mounted at the end of the frame away from the tractor.

[0007] Preferably, the transport device includes a plurality of transport cutter roller assemblies evenly arranged along the width direction of the frame and a transmission box. The transmission box is used to drive the plurality of transport cutter roller assemblies to rotate. Each transport cutter roller assembly includes a transport cutter roller and cutter teeth. The cutter teeth are arranged in a helical manner on the transport cutter roller. The transport cutter roller is capable of rotating along its own axis. The axis of the transport cutter roller is parallel to the travel direction of the frame.

[0008] Preferably, the transmission box includes a power input shaft, multiple cantilever shafts, a housing, and a gear transmission assembly installed in the housing. The power input shaft is connected to and rotates synchronously with the rear power output shaft of the tractor. Each cantilever shaft is connected to the power input shaft via the gear transmission assembly, enabling the cantilever shaft to rotate around its own axis. The spacing between adjacent cantilever shafts is adjustable. The axis of the cantilever shaft is parallel to the travel direction of the frame. The transport cutter roller is fixedly connected to the cantilever shaft.

[0009] Preferably, the straw secondary processing device further includes a hinge frame, the flow guide is fixedly connected to the hinge frame, the hinge frame is hinged to the frame, the secondary processing cutter roller assembly includes a secondary processing cutter roller and a cutter group, the secondary processing cutter roller is drivenly connected to the transport cutter roller through a transmission assembly, the axis of the secondary processing cutter roller is parallel to the axis of the transport cutter roller, the cutter group is evenly distributed on the outer periphery of the secondary processing cutter roller, the cutter group includes a long cutter, a curved cutter and blades, one end of the long cutter and the non-bent end of the curved cutter are fixed on the secondary processing cutter roller, the bent end of the curved cutter is bent away from the long cutter, the blade has a first blade portion and a second blade portion, the first blade portion and the second blade portion are fixedly connected, and the included angle between the first blade portion and the second blade portion is 135°-150°, the first blade portion is fixedly connected to the bent end of the curved cutter, and the second blade portion is away from the long cutter.

[0010] Preferably, the inner cavity of the flow guide is a logarithmic spiral.

[0011] Preferably, the sowing and fertilizing assembly includes a sowing device, a fertilizing device, a ground wheel assembly, and a plant spacing adjustment box, all fixedly mounted on the frame. The sowing device includes a parallel four-bar linkage, a seed furrow opener, a soil covering and pressing device, and a seed metering device. The seed furrow opener and the seed metering device are both fixedly mounted on the rear pressing plate of the parallel four-bar linkage, and the soil covering and pressing device is fixedly mounted behind the seed metering device. The fertilizing device includes a fertilizer shovel, a fertilizer metering device, and a fertilizer loading box. The fertilizer loading box is connected to and communicates with the inlet of the fertilizer metering device. The fertilizer guide pipe of the fertilizer shovel is connected to and communicates with the outlet of the fertilizer metering device through a pipe. The front stamping plate of the parallel four-bar linkage is fixedly connected; the plant spacing adjustment box includes an input shaft, an output shaft, a box body, and a set of driving and driven sprockets inside the box body. The input shaft is fixedly connected to the driving sprocket, and the output shaft is fixedly connected to the set of driven sprockets. The driving sprocket is driven by the driven sprockets via a chain. The axle of the wheel of the ground wheel assembly is driven by the input shaft via a first sprocket set. The rotation of the wheel can drive the input shaft to rotate, thereby driving the output shaft to rotate. The output shaft is driven by the seed metering shaft of the seed metering device via a second sprocket set, thereby controlling the seed spacing.

[0012] Preferably, the driven sprocket assembly includes multiple sprockets with different tooth disc sizes, and the driving sprocket is connected to one of the driven sprockets in the driven sprocket assembly via a chain.

[0013] Preferably, the transmission assembly includes a first pulley, a second pulley group, and a transmission belt. The first pulley is fixedly sleeved on the moving cutter roller, and the second pulley group is fixedly sleeved on the secondary processing cutter roller. The second pulley group includes multiple second pulleys of different diameters, and the first pulley is connected to one of the second pulleys in the second pulley group via the transmission belt.

[0014] Preferably, the device further includes a pesticide spraying apparatus, which includes a pesticide tank, a support, a distributor, a coarse filter, a pesticide pump, a fine filter, a nozzle support, and a nozzle. The pesticide tank and the support are fixedly installed on the frame. The distributor, the coarse filter, the pesticide pump, and the fine filter are all fixedly installed on the support. The nozzle support is fixedly installed on the rear side of the seed metering device, and the nozzle is fixedly installed on the nozzle support. The pesticide tank is connected and communicates with the coarse filter, the pesticide pump, the fine filter, the distributor, and the nozzle in sequence through a pesticide pipe. The pesticide pump is used to deliver the pesticide in the pesticide tank to the nozzle.

[0015] Preferably, the ground wheel assembly includes a fixed frame, a height adjustment mechanism, a connecting bracket, and the wheel. The fixed frame is fixedly connected to the frame. One end of the connecting bracket is hinged to the fixed frame via an input shaft, and the other end is fixedly connected to the wheel. The height adjustment mechanism includes a first hinge shaft, an adjusting screw, and a second hinge shaft. The first hinge shaft is rotatably connected to the fixed frame, and the second hinge shaft is rotatably connected to the connecting bracket. Both ends of the adjusting screw are threadedly connected to the first hinge shaft and the second hinge shaft. Rotating the adjusting screw can adjust the distance between the first hinge shaft and the second hinge shaft.

[0016] The present invention achieves the following technical effects compared to the prior art:

[0017] This invention provides a straw-covered no-till planter. A transport device sweeps the stubble and straw from the seed strip within the machine frame width to one side of the frame, reducing clogging during sowing and fertilization. During the sweeping process, the transport device simultaneously cuts the crop stubble. The stubble, after multiple cuts, is loosened and most of the fibrous roots are severed, avoiding damage to the seedbed caused by direct single-cutting. This ensures seedbed quality, reduces power consumption, and provides a good seedbed sowing environment for the sowing and fertilization assembly. A secondary processing cutter roller assembly is connected to the transport device via a transmission component. The secondary processing cutter roller assembly rotates within a guide shroud, generating an adsorption airflow that allows the stubble and straw swept below the secondary processing cutter roller assembly by the transport device to enter the guide shroud. Inside, the rotating secondary processing cutter roller assembly can crush stubble and straw. The crushed straw accelerates along the guide hood under the action of inertial force and airflow, and is thrown out from the outlet of the guide hood to complete the throwing operation. Adjusting the speed of the secondary processing cutter roller assembly can change the throwing state of the crushed straw from the outlet of the guide hood. When the speed of the secondary processing cutter roller assembly is low, the inertial force and airflow effect on the crushed straw are small, and it can be evenly thrown on the ground surface, covering the entire ground surface. When the speed of the secondary processing cutter roller assembly is high, the inertial force and airflow effect on the crushed straw are large, and the crushed straw can only be thrown from the outlet of the guide hood to the ridges, leaving the top of the ridges exposed, increasing the surface area exposed to sunlight, which is beneficial to seed germination and increased yield in low-lying and cool areas. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 is a first axonometric view of the straw-covered no-till planter of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 is a second axonometric view of the straw-covered no-till planter of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 is a third axonometric view of the straw-covered no-till planter of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 is an enlarged view of part A in Figure 3;

[0023] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the secondary processing cutter roller assembly and the conveying device;

[0024] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the frame structure;

[0025] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the transport device;

[0026] Figure 8 is an enlarged view of part B in Figure 7;

[0027] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the transmission box;

[0028] Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view of the transmission box;

[0029] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of a conveying cutter roller assembly of the conveying device;

[0030] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the conveyor roller structure;

[0031] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the secondary processing device;

[0032] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the secondary processing cutter roller assembly;

[0033] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the secondary processing cutter roller;

[0034] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the blade assembly;

[0035] Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the plant spacing adjustment box;

[0036] Figure 18 is a cross-sectional view of the plant spacing adjustment box;

[0037] Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of the ground wheel assembly;

[0038] Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of the seeding device;

[0039] Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of the parallel four-bar linkage of the seeding device;

[0040] Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the parallel four-bar linkage of the sowing device and the seed metering shaft of the seed metering device;

[0041] Figure 23 is a schematic diagram of the fertilizer applicator;

[0042] Figure 24 is a schematic diagram of the fertilizer container structure;

[0043] Figure 25 is a schematic diagram of the pesticide spraying device.

[0044] In the diagram: 1. Frame; 2. Transport device; 3. Secondary processing device; 4. Seeding device; 5. Fertilizing device; 6. Pesticide spraying device; 7. Ground wheel assembly; 8. Plant spacing adjustment box; 9. Input shaft; 10. First pulley; 11. Drive belt; 12. Second pulley; 13. Hinge plate; 14. Front fixed plate; 15. Auxiliary beam; 16. Rear fixed plate; 17. Fixed seat; 18. Main crossbeam; 19. Transmission box; 20. Transport cutter roller assembly; 21. Fastener; 22. Cantilever shaft; 23. Power input shaft; 24. Housing; 25. Gear transmission assembly; 26. Transport cutter roller; 27. Cutter teeth; 28. Cutter magazine; 29. ​​First roller; 30. Flow guide; 31. Secondary processing cutter roller assembly; 32. Hinge frame; 33. Bearing seat; 34. Cutter group; 35. Secondary processing cutter roller; 36. Cutter holder; 3 7. Second roller; 38. Cutter shaft; 39. Long blade; 40. Curved blade; 41. Blade; 42. Housing; 43. Output shaft; 44. Driven sprocket assembly; 45. Drive sprocket; 46. Fixing frame; 47. First hinge shaft; 48. Adjusting screw; 49. Second hinge shaft; 50. Wheel; 51. First sprocket assembly; 52. Connecting bracket; 53. Parallel four-bar linkage; 54. Fertilizer shovel; 55. Seed 56. Furrow opener; 57. Soil compactor; 58. Seed metering device; 59. Fertilizer pipe; 60. Front punch plate; 61. Upper connecting rod; 62. Lower connecting rod; 63. Rear punch plate; 64. Seed metering shaft; 65. Fertilizer metering device; 66. Fertilizer box; 67. Chemical tank; 68. Chemical pipe; 69. Distributor; 70. Mounting bracket; 71. Coarse filter; 72. Chemical pump; 73. Fine filter; 74. Nozzle bracket; 75. Nozzle. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] The purpose of this invention is to provide a straw mulching no-till planter to solve the problems existing in the prior art. It can achieve two mulching methods: straw mulching between rows and straw uniform full coverage of the ground surface. It can meet the mulching needs of different regions, reasonably regulate the ground temperature, and achieve the purpose of water storage and moisture retention.

[0047] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0048] This invention provides a straw mulching no-till planter, as shown in Figures 1-5, comprising a frame 1, a transport device 2, a secondary processing device 3, and a seeding and fertilizing assembly. The frame 1 is hinged to a tractor. The transport device 2, driven by the rear power take-off shaft of the tractor, is mounted on the frame 1. The secondary processing device 3 includes a guide shroud 30 and a secondary processing cutter roller assembly 31. The guide shroud 30 is hinged to the outer side of one end of the frame 1 and is arranged side by side with the transport device 2. The secondary processing cutter roller assembly 31 is disposed inside the guide shroud 30 and is connected to the frame 1 by a transmission assembly. The conveying device 2 is connected to the transmission device 2. The conveying device 2 is used to transport the stubble and straw within the width of the frame 1 to the side of the frame 1 near the secondary processing device 3. The secondary processing cutter roller assembly 31 rotates to crush the stubble and straw and transport them into the guide hood 30. The crushed material is discharged from the outlet of the guide hood 30 under the action of inertial force and airflow. By adjusting the speed of the secondary processing cutter roller assembly 31, the straw scattered by the guide hood 30 can be used to fully cover the ground surface or cover the ridges. The sowing and fertilizing assembly is fixedly set at the end of the frame 1 away from the tractor. When the straw mulch no-till planter is working, the tractor is suspended to the frame 1 via a three-point suspension device, while the hydraulic system is in a floating state. The tractor's rear power take-off shaft 43 is connected to the input shaft 9 of the transport device 2 and rotates synchronously. The transport device 2 sweeps the stubble and straw in the seed strip within the width of the frame 1 to one side of the frame 1, reducing clogging problems during the sowing and fertilization process. During the sweeping process, the transport device 2 can simultaneously cut the crop stubble. After multiple cuts, the stubble is loosened and most of the fibrous roots are cut off, avoiding damage to the seedbed caused by direct digging, ensuring seedbed quality and reducing power consumption, and providing a good seedbed sowing environment for the sowing and fertilization assembly. The secondary processing cutter roller assembly 31 is connected to the transport device 2 via a transmission assembly. The secondary processing cutter roller assembly 31 rotates within the guide shroud 30 to generate an adsorption airflow, enabling the transport device 2 to sweep the stubble and straw below the secondary processing cutter roller assembly 31 into the air. Inside the guide hood 30, the rotating secondary processing cutter roller assembly 31 can crush the stubble and straw. The crushed straw accelerates along the guide hood 30 under the action of inertial force and airflow, and is scattered out from the outlet of the guide hood 30, completing the scattering operation. For arid, semi-arid, desertified, and saline-alkali land areas, reducing the rotation speed of the secondary processing cutter roller assembly 31 reduces the degree of straw crushing. Under the action of less inertial force and airflow, the crushed straw scattered from the outlet of the guide hood 30 can evenly cover the ground surface, reducing displacement by natural wind, which is conducive to water retention and soil temperature regulation. For low-lying and cold areas, increasing the rotation speed of the secondary processing cutter roller assembly 31 increases the degree of straw crushing. The airflow effect inside the guide hood 30 is enhanced. Under the action of greater inertial force and airflow, the crushed straw can be scattered from the outlet of the guide hood 30 to the ridge between the ridges in the ridge-growing pattern, exposing the ridge top plane and increasing the surface area exposed to sunlight, which is conducive to seed germination and increased yield in low-lying and cold areas.

[0049] In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figures 7-12, the transport device 2 is mounted on the frame 1 via a front fixing plate 14 and a fixing seat 17. The transport device 2 includes a plurality of transport cutter roller assemblies 20 evenly arranged along the width direction of the frame 1 and a transmission box 19. The transmission box 19 is used to drive the plurality of transport cutter roller assemblies 20 to rotate. The transport cutter roller assembly 20 includes a transport cutter roller 26 and cutter teeth 27. The transport cutter roller 26 includes a cutter magazine 28 and a first roller 29. The cutter magazine 28 is... The blades 27 are fixedly arranged in a spiral pattern on the outer periphery of the first roller 29. The blades 27 are fixedly connected to the blade magazine 28. The transport blade roller 26 can rotate along its own axis. The axis of the transport blade roller 26 is parallel to the travel direction of the frame 1. The secondary processing blade roller 31 is connected to the transport blade roller 26 through a transmission assembly. The rotation plane of the transport blade roller 26 is perpendicular to the movement direction of the machine. The transport blade roller 26 is used to move the straw on the seed bed to the secondary processing device 3 in the width direction of the frame 1 and clean the seed bed that is about to be sown. The transmission box 19 includes a housing 24, a power input shaft 23, multiple cantilever shafts 22, and a gear transmission assembly 25. The gear transmission assembly 25 is disposed inside the housing 24. The power input shaft 23 is connected to the power output shaft 43 at the rear of the tractor and rotates synchronously. Each cantilever shaft 22 is connected to the power input shaft 23 through the gear transmission assembly 25, enabling the cantilever shaft 22 to rotate around its own axis. The cantilever shaft 22 structure helps to reduce the overall longitudinal dimension of the implement, ensures the stability of the transportation process, and the transport device 2 is not subject to the tension transmitted to the frame 1 by the sowing and fertilizing device 5 installed on the frame 1, making the transport device 2 run more stably. The spacing between adjacent cantilever shafts 22 can be adjusted. The axial spacing between adjacent cantilever shafts 22 is determined according to the production agronomic requirements, so that the axial spacing of the cantilever shafts 22 is the same as the spacing of the sowing and fertilizing device 5 and corresponds front and back. The axis of the cantilever shaft 22 is parallel to the travel direction of the frame 1. The first roller 29 is fixedly connected to the cantilever shaft 22 and axially fixed by fasteners 21.

[0050] In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figures 13-16, the straw secondary processing device 3 further includes a hinge frame 32, with the flow guide 30 fixedly connected to the hinge frame 32. The hinge frame 32 is hinged to the frame 1 via a hinge plate 13. The secondary processing cutter roller assembly 31 includes a secondary processing cutter roller 35 and a cutter group 34. The axis of the secondary processing cutter roller 35 is parallel to the axis of the moving cutter roller 26. The secondary processing cutter roller 35 includes a cutter holder 36, a second roller 37, and a cutter shaft 38. The second roller 37 is fixedly sleeved on the cutter shaft 38, the cutter holder 36 is fixedly arranged on the outer periphery of the second roller 37, and the cutter group 34 is fixedly connected to the cutter holder 36. Both ends of the cutter shaft 38 pass through the flow guide 30 and... The bearing seat 33, which is fixed on the hinge frame 32, is rotatably connected. The blade assembly 34 includes a long blade 39, a curved blade 40, and a blade 41. One end of the long blade 39 and the non-bent end of the curved blade 40 are both fixed on the secondary processing blade roller 35. The bent end of the curved blade 40 is bent away from the long blade 39. The blade 41 has a first blade 41 and a second blade 41. The first blade 41 and the second blade 41 are fixedly connected, and the included angle between the first blade 41 and the second blade 41 is 135°-150°. The first blade 41 is fixedly connected to the bent end of the curved blade 40. The second blade 41 is away from the long blade 39. The profile of the inner cavity of the flow guide 30 adopts a logarithmic spiral. The long blade 39 and curved blade 40 in the blade assembly 34 rotate at high speed with the secondary processing blade roller 35 to pick up and crush the straw on the ground. During the rotation, the blades 41 on the curved blade 40 cooperate with the guide shroud 30 to generate an adsorption airflow. Under the action of the adsorption airflow, the straw can quickly enter the guide shroud 30. Under the action of inertial force and airflow, the straw in the guide shroud 30 accelerates along the inner cavity of the logarithmic spiral. When the crushed straw reaches the outlet of the guide shroud 30, the straw is in a free-scattering state with an initial velocity, thus completing the scattering operation.

[0051] In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sowing and fertilizing assembly includes a sowing device 4, a fertilizing device 5, a ground wheel assembly 7, and a plant spacing adjustment box 8, all fixedly mounted on the frame 1, as shown in Figures 20-22. The sowing device 4 includes a parallel four-bar linkage 53, a seed furrow opener 55, a soil covering and pressing device 56, and a seed metering device 57. The seed furrow opener 55 and the seed metering device 57 are both fixedly mounted on the rear pressing plate 62 of the parallel four-bar linkage 53, and the soil covering and pressing device 56 is fixedly mounted behind the seed metering device 57; as shown in Figure 23. As shown in Figure 24, the fertilization device 5 includes a fertilizer shovel 54, a fertilizer dispenser 64, and a fertilizer loading box 65. The fertilizer loading box 65 is connected to and communicates with the inlet of the fertilizer dispenser 64. The fertilizer guide pipe 58 of the fertilizer shovel 54 is connected to and communicates with the outlet of the fertilizer dispenser 64 through a pipe. The fertilizer shovel 54 is fixedly connected to the front stamping plate 59 of the parallel four-bar linkage 53. The front stamping plate 59 and the rear stamping plate 62 are hinged by the upper connecting rod 60 and the lower connecting rod 61, respectively. As shown in Figures 17-18, the plant spacing adjustment box 8 includes an input shaft 9, an output shaft 43, and a box body 42. The drive sprocket 45 and driven sprocket assembly 44 are located inside the housing 42. The input shaft 9 is fixedly connected to the drive sprocket 45, and the output shaft 43 is fixedly connected to the driven sprocket assembly 44. The drive sprocket 45 is driven by a chain to the driven sprocket assembly 44. The axle of the wheel 50 of the ground wheel assembly 7 is driven by the first sprocket assembly 51 to the input shaft 9, and is fixedly connected to the sprocket of the front stamping plate 59 rotatably connected to the front stamping plate 59 via the output shaft 43. A rear drive shaft is rotatably connected to the rear stamping plate 62, and both ends of the rear drive shaft are fixedly installed. The device has sprockets. The sprocket on the front stamping plate 59 is connected to a sprocket at one end of the rear drive shaft via a chain. The sprocket at the other end of the rear drive shaft is connected to a sprocket fixedly mounted on the seed metering shaft 63 of the seed metering device 57 via a chain. The rotation of the wheel 50 can drive the input shaft 9 to rotate, which in turn drives the output shaft 43 to rotate. The sprocket on the front stamping plate 59 follows the rotation of the output shaft 43. The sprocket on the front stamping plate 59 drives the rear drive shaft to rotate, which in turn drives the seed metering shaft 63 of the seed metering device 57 to rotate, thereby realizing the seed metering at a certain interval.As shown in Figure 6, the sowing device 4 is fixedly installed on the auxiliary beam 15 of the frame 1, the fertilizing device 5 is fixedly installed on the main crossbeam 18 of the frame 1, the ground wheel assembly 7 is fixedly installed on the rear fixed plate 16 of the frame 1, and the plant spacing adjustment box 8 is fixedly installed on the auxiliary beam 15 of the frame 1. The surface treated by the transport device 2 is free of straw. The wheels 50 of the ground wheel assembly 7 move forward with the frame 1 and rotate synchronously. The rotational power of the wheel 50 shaft is transmitted sequentially through the first sprocket group 51, the input shaft 9 of the plant spacing adjustment box 8, and the output shaft 43 of the plant spacing adjustment box 8 to rotate the seed metering shaft 63 of the seed metering device 57. This controls the spacing between seeders 57 and the fertilizer shovel 54 and seed furrow opener 55 located directly behind the cutter roller 26 to open furrows. The fertilizer applicator 64 and seed applicator 57 then perform fertilization and seeding operations. Since the seedbed is free of straw, there will be no clogging problem. This also facilitates the parallel four-bar linkage 53 to follow the shape and ensure the consistency of the sowing depth. Then, the soil covering and compacting device 56 covers and compacts the seed furrows. When the machine returns, the secondary processing device 3 covers the fertilized and sown surface or between rows with moderately crushed straw. The scattered straw is evenly distributed within the operating area.

[0052] In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the driven sprocket assembly 44 includes multiple sprockets with different tooth disc sizes, and the driving sprocket 45 is connected to one of the driven sprockets in the driven sprocket assembly 44 via a chain. Since different crops have different planting spacings, the planting spacing can be changed by adjusting the transmission ratio between the driving sprocket 45 and the driven sprocket.

[0053] In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the transmission assembly includes a first pulley 10, a second pulley group 12, and a transmission belt 11. The first pulley 10 is fixedly sleeved on the transport cutter roller 26, and the second pulley group 12 is fixedly sleeved on the secondary processing cutter roller 31. The second pulley group 12 includes multiple second pulleys of different diameters. The first pulley 10 is connected to one of the second pulleys in the second pulley group 12 via the transmission belt 11. By adjusting the transmission ratio between the first pulley 10 and the second pulleys, the rotation speed of the secondary processing cutter roller 31 is changed, thereby meeting the different straw mulching methods required in different regions based on crop varieties, soil conditions, planting patterns, and climate characteristics.

[0054] In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the straw-covered no-till planter also includes a pesticide spraying device 6, as shown in FIG25. The pesticide spraying device 6 includes a pesticide tank 66, a mounting frame 69, a distributor 68, a coarse filter 70, a pesticide pump 71, a fine filter 72, a nozzle bracket 73, and a nozzle 74. The pesticide tank 66 and the mounting frame 69 are fixedly mounted on the frame 1. The distributor 68, the coarse filter 70, the pesticide pump 71, and the fine filter 72 are all fixedly mounted on the mounting frame 69. The nozzle bracket is fixedly mounted on the rear side of the seed metering device 57. The nozzle 74 is fixedly mounted on the nozzle bracket 73. The pesticide tank 66 is connected and communicates with the coarse filter 70, the pesticide pump 71, the fine filter 72, the distributor 68, and the nozzle 74 in sequence through a pesticide pipe 67. The pesticide pump 71 is used to transport the pesticide in the pesticide tank 66 to the nozzle 74. After the seeds are placed into the seed furrow, the control system controls the pump 71 to apply the herbicide through the nozzle 74 simultaneously with the seeds into the furrow. If a pre-emergent herbicide is to be sprayed, the furrow needs to be covered with soil and compacted after seeding before spraying. This ensures that the herbicide or pesticide is sprayed when there is no straw cover and that it makes full contact with the seeds or soil, avoiding the weakening of efficacy or low utilization rate caused by spraying the herbicide or pesticide on the straw. More preferably, the pump 71 is a diaphragm pump or a peristaltic pump, and the nozzle 74 is a fan-shaped nozzle or a straight nozzle. The combination of the diaphragm pump and the fan-shaped nozzle is used for pre-emergent herbicide spraying, while the combination of the peristaltic pump and the straight nozzle is used for seed herbicide spraying, such as soybean rhizobium or corn root growth promoter, which can achieve ultra-low flow rate spraying with a minimum flow rate of 0.3 L / min.

[0055] In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG19, the ground wheel assembly 7 includes a fixed frame 46, a height adjustment mechanism, a connecting bracket 52, and a wheel 50. The fixed frame 46 is fixedly connected to the frame 1. One end of the connecting bracket 52 is hinged to the fixed frame 46 via an input shaft 9, and the other end is fixedly connected to the wheel 50. The height adjustment mechanism includes a first hinge shaft 47, an adjusting screw, and a second hinge shaft 49. The first hinge shaft 47 is rotatably connected to the fixed frame 46, and the second hinge shaft 49 is rotatably connected to the connecting bracket 52. Both ends of the adjusting screw are threadedly connected to the first hinge shaft 47 and the second hinge shaft 49. Rotating the adjusting screw can adjust the distance between the first hinge shaft 47 and the second hinge shaft 49. By rotating the adjusting screw 48 on the ground wheel, the rotating bracket can be rotated relative to the fixed frame 46, thereby adjusting the relative position of the pneumatic tire assembly and the frame 1, thereby changing the ground clearance of the cutter teeth 27.

[0056] Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

Claims

1. A straw mulching no-till planter, characterized in that: The system includes a frame, a transport device, a secondary processing device, and a sowing and fertilizing assembly. The frame is hinged to a tractor. The transport device, driven by the rear power take-off shaft of the tractor, is mounted on the frame. The secondary processing device includes a guide shroud and a secondary processing cutter roller assembly. The guide shroud is hinged to the outer side of one end of the frame and is arranged side-by-side with the transport device. The secondary processing cutter roller assembly is housed within the guide shroud and is connected to the transport device via a transmission assembly. The transport device is used to convey stubble and straw within the width of the frame to a position near the frame. On one side of the secondary processing device, the secondary processing cutter roller assembly rotates to crush stubble and straw and convey them into the guide hood. The crushed material is discharged from the outlet of the guide hood under the action of inertial force and airflow. By adjusting the rotation speed of the secondary processing cutter roller assembly, the straw scattered by the guide hood can be used to fully cover the ground surface or cover the gaps between rows. The sowing and fertilizing assembly is fixedly installed at the end of the frame away from the tractor. The transport device includes multiple transport cutter roller assemblies and a transmission box evenly arranged along the width of the frame. The transmission box is used to drive the multiple transport cutter rollers. The assembly rotates, and the transport cutter roller assembly includes a transport cutter roller and cutter teeth. The cutter teeth are arranged in a helical pattern on the transport cutter roller, which is capable of rotating along its own axis. The axis of the transport cutter roller is parallel to the travel direction of the frame. The secondary processing device also includes a hinge frame, and the guide shroud is fixedly connected to the hinge frame. The hinge frame is hinged to the frame. The secondary processing cutter roller assembly includes a secondary processing cutter roller and a cutter group. The secondary processing cutter roller is drivenly connected to the transport cutter roller through a transmission assembly. The axis of the secondary processing cutter roller is parallel to the axis of the transport cutter roller. The lines are parallel, and the cutter set is evenly arranged on the outer periphery of the secondary processing cutter roller. The cutter set includes a long cutter, a curved cutter, and blades. One end of the long cutter and the non-bent end of the curved cutter are fixed on the secondary processing cutter roller. The bent end of the curved cutter is bent away from the long cutter. The blade has a first blade portion and a second blade portion. The first blade portion and the second blade portion are fixedly connected, and the included angle between the first blade portion and the second blade portion is 135°-150°. The first blade portion is fixedly connected to the bent end of the curved cutter, and the second blade portion is away from the long cutter.

2. The straw mulching no-till planter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission box includes a power input shaft, multiple cantilever shafts, a housing, and a gear transmission assembly installed in the housing. The power input shaft is connected to and rotates synchronously with the rear power output shaft of the tractor. Each cantilever shaft is connected to the power input shaft through the gear transmission assembly, enabling the cantilever shaft to rotate around its own axis. The spacing between adjacent cantilever shafts is adjustable. The axis of the cantilever shaft is parallel to the travel direction of the frame. The transport cutter roller is fixedly connected to the cantilever shaft.

3. The straw mulching no-till planter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner cavity of the flow guide is shaped like a logarithmic spiral.

4. The straw mulching no-till planter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sowing and fertilizing assembly includes a sowing device, a fertilizing device, a ground wheel assembly, and a plant spacing adjustment box, all fixedly mounted on the frame. The sowing device includes a parallel four-bar linkage, a seed furrow opener, a soil covering and pressing device, and a seed metering device. The seed furrow opener and the seed metering device are both fixedly mounted on the rear pressing plate of the parallel four-bar linkage, and the soil covering and pressing device is fixedly mounted behind the seed metering device. The fertilizing device includes a fertilizer shovel, a fertilizer metering device, and a fertilizer loading box. The fertilizer loading box is connected to and communicates with the inlet of the fertilizer metering device. The fertilizer guide pipe of the fertilizer shovel is connected to and communicates with the outlet of the fertilizer metering device through a pipe. The fertilizer shovel and the parallel four-bar linkage are all fixedly mounted on the frame. The front stamping plate of the four-bar linkage is fixedly connected; the plant spacing adjustment box includes an input shaft, an output shaft, a box body, and a set of driving and driven sprockets inside the box body. The input shaft is fixedly connected to the driving sprocket, and the output shaft is fixedly connected to the set of driven sprockets. The driving sprocket is driven to the set of driven sprockets via a chain. The axle of the wheel of the ground wheel assembly is driven to the input shaft via a first sprocket set. The rotation of the wheel can drive the input shaft to rotate, thereby driving the output shaft to rotate. The output shaft is driven to the seed metering shaft of the seed metering device via a second sprocket set, thereby controlling the seed metering spacing.

5. The straw mulching no-till planter according to claim 4, characterized in that: The driven sprocket assembly includes multiple sprockets with different tooth disc sizes, and the driving sprocket is connected to one of the driven sprockets in the driven sprocket assembly via a chain.

6. The straw mulching no-till planter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission assembly includes a first pulley, a second pulley group, and a transmission belt. The first pulley is fixedly sleeved on the moving cutter roller, and the second pulley group is fixedly sleeved on the secondary processing cutter roller. The second pulley group includes multiple second pulleys of different diameters. The first pulley is connected to one of the second pulleys in the second pulley group via the transmission belt.

7. The straw mulching no-till planter according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes a pesticide spraying device, which includes a pesticide tank, a support, a distributor, a coarse filter, a pesticide pump, a fine filter, a nozzle support, and a nozzle. The pesticide tank and the support are fixedly installed on the frame. The distributor, the coarse filter, the pesticide pump, and the fine filter are all fixedly installed on the support. The nozzle support is fixedly installed on the rear side of the seed metering device, and the nozzle is fixedly installed on the nozzle support. The pesticide tank is connected and communicates with the coarse filter, the pesticide pump, the fine filter, the distributor, and the nozzle in sequence through a pesticide pipe. The pesticide pump is used to deliver the pesticide in the pesticide tank to the nozzle.

8. The straw mulching no-till planter according to claim 7, characterized in that: The ground wheel assembly includes a fixed frame, a height adjustment mechanism, a connecting bracket, and the wheel. The fixed frame is fixedly connected to the frame. One end of the connecting bracket is hinged to the fixed frame via an input shaft, and the other end is fixedly connected to the wheel. The height adjustment mechanism includes a first hinge shaft, an adjusting screw, and a second hinge shaft. The first hinge shaft is rotatably connected to the fixed frame, and the second hinge shaft is rotatably connected to the connecting bracket. Both ends of the adjusting screw are threadedly connected to the first hinge shaft and the second hinge shaft. Rotating the adjusting screw can adjust the distance between the first hinge shaft and the second hinge shaft.

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