An air-assisted cylinder-type seed metering device for variable rate seeding of small-seeded grassland pasture seeds

Abstract

The application discloses a grassland small-grain pasture seed variable seeding air-sending roller seed metering device, and relates to the technical field of grassland reseeding. The seed metering device comprises a seed metering roller, an outer shell, an air flow guiding mechanism and a seed box. The seed metering roller is installed in the inner part of the outer shell and can be integrally disassembled and replaced. The seed metering roller is internally provided with a seed blowing mechanism for removing pasture seeds in the blocked holes. The designed air flow guiding mechanism can guarantee the stability of the seed layer in the undulating terrain, reduce the missing index and realize the variable seeding of the pasture seeds in the undulating terrain environment. The designed air blowing mechanism cooperates with the y-shaped seed conveying pipe to realize the seed cleaning of the small-grain seeds and control the seed conveying speed. The application further provides a pasture seed variable seeding method. The seed metering device is regulated according to the grassland terrain and vegetation conditions to realize the variable seeding.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of grassland reseeding technology, specifically to an air-driven roller seed metering device for variable seeding of small-grain forage grasses. Background Technology

[0002] For a long time, over-exploitation and unreasonable utilization have led to severe grassland degradation in my country, resulting in a decline in grassland carrying capacity and a year-on-year decrease in usable grassland area, seriously threatening my country's ecological security. Therefore, accelerating the restoration and reconstruction of grassland ecosystems is an urgent task. Currently, commonly used degraded grassland improvement techniques mainly include root cutting, shallow tillage, deep loosening, soil loosening, fertilization, and reseeding. Studies have shown that a combination of root cutting, fertilization, and reseeding can effectively improve soil physical and chemical properties, significantly increase vegetation cover, and accelerate the restoration and succession of degraded grasslands. Among these, grassland reseeding can effectively increase aboveground biomass, improve grass community structure, and inhibit the growth of toxic and harmful plants to a certain extent. Currently, grassland reseeding in my country mostly uses mechanical row seeding or air-driven row seeders capable of semi-precision seeding; research on precision seeders for small-grain forage seeds is limited. The following problems exist with existing technologies:

[0003] Chinese invention patent application (application publication number CN103004338A) discloses a pneumatic precision seed metering device. It provides airflow for pressing and delivering seeds through a positive pressure system, and utilizes the airflow to agitate the seed layer. A pressure relief wheel is used to interrupt the pressure difference adsorption of the seeds, allowing them to be blown into the seed metering tube without pressure. Under the action of the airflow, the seeds are transported to the seed furrow, completing the seed metering process. This is a relatively common pneumatic roller-type centralized seed metering device, widely used in the sowing of crops such as corn and soybeans. However, this pneumatic roller-type seed metering device encounters problems when sowing small-grain forage seeds. Due to the high fluidity of small forage seeds and the seed layer's variation with terrain, the seed filling may be insufficient. Furthermore, the small seed size may cause the seeds to become embedded in the roller's openings, hindering successful seed metering. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides an air-pumped roller seed metering device for variable seed sowing of small-grain pasture seeds in grasslands, in order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A pneumatic roller seed metering device for variable-rate sowing of small-grain forage seeds includes a seed metering roller, an outer shell, an airflow guiding mechanism, and a seed box. The seed box includes a seed box body with a seed box cover on top. The outer shell includes an upper cover, a lower cover, an air chamber, a motor mounting plate, a roller mounting plate, and an air inlet pipe. The upper cover is bolted to the air chamber, motor mounting plate, and roller mounting plate, with a sealing gasket sandwiched in between to ensure the airtightness of the entire device. The lower cover and air chamber are welded to the motor mounting plate and roller mounting plate to ensure the strength of the entire device. The seed box is bolted to the upper cover. The seed metering roller is installed inside the outer shell and bolted to the roller mounting plate.

[0007] A further improvement to the technical solution of the present invention is that: the seed dispensing roller includes a roller drive side plate, a pressure inlet and pressure relief pipe, a roller pressure relief side plate, a cylinder body, a positive pressure seed blowing mechanism, a support component, a roller disassembly plate, and a seed conveying mechanism. The cylinder body is connected to the roller drive side plate and the roller pressure relief side plate via positioning holes and screws. The pressure inlet and pressure relief pipe is provided inside the cylinder body and is connected to the roller drive side plate and the roller pressure relief side plate via a deep groove ball bearing. The roller disassembly plate and the pressure inlet and pressure relief pipe are connected by a seated spherical bearing. The roller disassembly plate and the seed metering device drive motor jointly support the seed metering roller. The positive pressure blowing mechanism includes three fixed supports. The three fixed supports are connected to the pressure inlet and pressure relief pipe by screws through screw holes on the ring to ensure the fixed position of the blowing. The top of the vertical support installed on the outer wall of the three fixed supports is fixedly installed with an air blowing box. The inner cavity of the vertical support installed on the outer wall of the three fixed supports is fixedly installed with a connecting pipe. One end of each of the three connecting pipes is connected to the pressure inlet and pressure relief pipe, and the other end is connected to the air blowing box. The inner wall of the pressure inlet and pressure relief pipe is fixedly installed with a segmented partition. The cavity above the segmented partition is connected to the three connecting pipes. Four pressure-drawing grooves are evenly opened on the lower outer wall of the side of the pressure inlet and pressure relief pipe. The pressure-drawing grooves are connected to the cavity below the segmented partition.

[0008] A further improvement of the technical solution of this invention is that: the segmented partition includes 2-6 partition units and a partition support shaft. Each partition unit has a through hole in its center and is sequentially installed on the partition support shaft. Each partition unit can rotate independently. The cylindrical outer wall of the partition unit is tightly fitted with the inner wall of the pressure inlet and pressure relief pipe and the end face of the partition unit, ensuring that the upper and lower chambers of the pressure inlet and pressure relief pipe are isolated from each other. The partition unit has two working states: an open state and a closed state. In the open state, the upper left chamber of the partition unit is connected to the connecting pipe. The cavity at the lower right of the body is connected to the pressure extraction groove. When the partition unit is rotated counterclockwise by 5°-30° and is in a closed state, the right outer wall of the partition unit isolates the air pressure entering the upper connecting pipe, and the left outer wall of the partition unit isolates the air pressure escaping from the lower pressure extraction groove. Each partition unit is controlled independently. Gas pressure sensors are installed in both the inner and outer cavities of the drum. When the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the drum changes, the partition unit is controlled to enter different working states to regulate the gas pressure inside the drum, ensuring that the gas pressure difference for adsorbing seeds remains relatively stable, thus achieving the regulation of the gas pressure inside the drum.

[0009] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: the outer wall of the cylinder is provided with six rows of holes in an annular array, and an exhaust plate is fixedly installed on the top of the air blowing box. The exhaust plate is provided with six exhaust holes evenly and is connected to the six rows of holes in the annular array on the outer wall of the cylinder.

[0010] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: the seed metering roller is connected to the output shaft of the seed metering motor through the keyway on the roller drive side plate, the seed metering motor is mounted on the motor mounting plate by bolts, the roller disassembly plate is bolted to the roller pressure relief side plate, and the seed metering roller can be completely disassembled by removing the bolts, and a cylinder with different hole features can be replaced for different seeds.

[0011] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: the seed conveying mechanism includes a seed conveying tube buckle and a seed conveying tube, the seed conveying tube passes through the seed conveying tube buckle, the opening on the side wall of the seed conveying tube is the seed inlet, the center of the seed inlet is located on the same radial line as the pressure groove of the positive pressure blowing mechanism and is connected to the six rows of holes in the annular array on the outer wall of the cylinder, the seeds enter the seed inlet under the action of the air pressure of the blowing box, the near end of the seed inlet of the seed conveying tube is the air inlet, which is connected to the adjustable pressure air pump through the air pipe, the conveying speed of the seeds in the seed conveying tube is adjusted by the airflow, the far end of the seed inlet of the seed conveying tube is the seed outlet, the seeds leave the seed metering device from the seed outlet and enter the seed furrow.

[0012] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: the seed delivery tube includes a rigid tube one, a flexible tube, and a rigid tube two. The seed delivery tube buckle includes an adjusting plate. A fixing box is fixedly installed on the rear side of the adjusting plate. The front end of the rigid tube one is fixedly connected to the rear side of the fixing box. The flexible tube is fixedly connected to the rigid tube one and located in the inner cavity of the fixing box. A pipeline seed flow sensor, including but not limited to photoelectric sensors and capacitive sensors (not shown in the figure), is installed on the outside of the flexible tube to detect whether the seed delivery tube is blocked. When a blockage occurs, an alarm is triggered to the driver's central control panel. The inner cavity of the fixing box can provide a dark chamber condition for the sensor, improving the accuracy of the sensor detection. A movable shaft is fixedly installed on the left rear end of the rigid tube two. The end face of the movable shaft is designed with an arc groove that fits against the outer wall of the rigid tube two (not shown in the figure). The movable shaft is movably installed in the inner cavity of the adjusting plate and rotates with the rigid tube two. A reinforcing threaded rod is threadedly connected to the threaded groove at the bottom of the adjusting plate. After the reinforcing threaded rod is tightened, its top end contacts the bottom of the movable shaft, restricting the rotation of the movable shaft, thereby fixing the angle of the rigid tube two and ensuring smooth seed discharge.

[0013] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: the airflow guiding mechanism includes a screen, a wind guiding mechanism, and a servo motor. The wind guiding mechanism is installed below the screen, and a servo motor is installed on the side wall of the wind guiding mechanism. The wind guiding mechanism includes a wind guiding bracket, a long linkage rod, a long hinge, a short wind guiding plate, a short linkage rod, a short hinge, and a long wind guiding plate. The long wind guiding plate and the short wind guiding plate are vertically installed in the wind guiding bracket, and the long wind guiding plates are arranged at equal intervals. The short linkage rod is hinged to the short hinge, and the long wind guiding plate is hinged to the other end of the short hinge. When the servo motor changes the angle of the long wind guiding plate, the other wind guiding plates are linked together. The installation and linkage of the short wind guiding plates are similar.

[0014] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: a power supply is fixedly installed on the right side of the air guide bracket, and heating resistance plates are fixedly installed in the cavities opened on the front and rear sides of the air guide bracket. The input end of the heating resistance plate is connected to the output end of the power supply through a wire. When the power is turned on, the airflow disturbing the seeds is heated to reduce the adhesion of the seeds caused by moisture. Several heat release holes are opened on the opposite surfaces of the front and rear sides of the air guide bracket, and the two rows of heat release holes are located on the front side of the two heating resistance plates.

[0015] A further improvement to the technical solution of this invention lies in: a variable seeding method for small-grain pasture grasses is proposed, characterized in that: the variable seeding method for small-grain pasture grasses includes the following steps:

[0016] Step 1: In the early stage of sowing, use a multispectral camera mounted on a drone to scan the plot to be sown to obtain the topographic elevation map and vegetation index model of the plot.

[0017] Step 2: Determine the seeds for grass sowing, replace the cylinder and screen with the corresponding size and type of hole according to the physical characteristics of the seeds, check the seed suspension speed, and adjust the fan speed setting;

[0018] Step 3: Start the blower and check the airtightness of each airflow pipe connection. After the airflow stabilizes, start and control the speed of the seed metering motor to meter the forage seeds. When the seeds are discharged from the seed delivery pipe stably, start the tractor to drive the seeder forward.

[0019] Step 4: The device uses the differential positioning system to obtain the real-time location information of the machine, matches it with the terrain elevation map obtained by the UAV to calculate the terrain slope at the current location, matches it with the ground vegetation index obtained by the UAV to calculate the ground vegetation at the current location, and calculates the spatial attitude and theoretical seeding volume of the seed metering device based on the terrain slope and ground vegetation coverage.

[0020] Step 5: Change the airflow angle by controlling the deflection angle of the servo motor in the airflow guiding mechanism according to the spatial attitude of the seed meterer, maintain the stability of the seed layer height in the filling zone, ensure the filling rate of the seed meterer, and control the speed of the seed metering motor according to the calculated theoretical seeding volume.

[0021] Step Six: After the seed stream is discharged from the seed delivery tube, it is combined with the furrowing, covering, and compaction device in the conformal unit to complete the sowing operation.

[0022] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the technical progress achieved by this invention compared to the prior art is as follows:

[0023] 1. This invention provides an air-pumped roller seed metering device for variable seeding of small-grain forage grass seeds in grasslands. The airflow guiding mechanism can change the airflow direction when the terrain changes, which can effectively solve the problems of existing air-pumped roller seed metering devices being unable to adapt to grassland terrain undulations and insufficient seeding of highly mobile small-grain forage grass seeds, ensuring the stability of the seed layer, reducing the missing seeding index, and realizing variable seeding of forage grass seeds in undulating terrain environments.

[0024] 2. This invention provides an air-pumped roller seed metering device for variable seeding of small-grain forage grass seeds in grasslands. The air blowing mechanism can effectively solve the problem of small-grain forage grass seeds adsorbed on the roller-shaped holes being difficult to discharge smoothly, which leads to blockage of the roller-shaped holes. Combined with the Y-shaped seed delivery tube, the seed delivery speed can be effectively controlled, which greatly improves the overall performance of the seed metering device.

[0025] 3. This invention provides a variable seeding method for small-grain forage grass seeds, adapted to an air-driven roller seed metering device for variable seeding of small-grain forage grass seeds. By processing and calculating the plot topography and vegetation information obtained by a drone, variable seeding of forage grass seeds is achieved. The device obtains the real-time position information of the machine with the help of a differential positioning system, calculates the topographic slope of the current position by matching the topographic elevation map obtained by the drone, calculates the ground vegetation amount of the current position by matching the ground vegetation index obtained by the drone, and calculates the spatial attitude and theoretical seeding amount of the seed metering device based on the topographic slope and ground vegetation coverage. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the air-pumped roller seed metering device for variable seed sowing of small-grain forage grasses according to the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the seed metering roller of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the seed metering roller of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the pressure inlet and pressure relief pipe of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the segmented partition of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the air blowing box of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a partially enlarged view of the seed delivery tube of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the seed delivery mechanism of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the airflow guiding mechanism of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the air guide plate installation of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 11 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the air guide bracket of the present invention.

[0037] In the diagram: 1. Seeding roller; 101. Roller drive side plate; 102. Pressure inlet and outlet pipe; 1021. Segmented partition; 10211. Partition unit; 10212. Partition support shaft; 10213. Open state; 10214. Closed state; 1022. Pressure extraction groove; 103. Roller pressure outlet side plate; 104. Cylinder body; 105. Positive pressure seed blowing mechanism; 1051. Fixed bracket; 1052. Connecting pipe; 1053. Air blowing box; 10531. Exhaust plate; 10532. Exhaust hole; 106. Support component; 1061. Deep groove ball bearing; 1062. Sealed outer spherical bearing; 107. Roller disassembly plate; 108. Seed conveying mechanism; 1081. Seed conveying pipe buckle; 10811. Adjusting plate; 10812. Fixed box; 10813. Addition... 1. Threaded rod; 1082. Seed delivery pipe; 10821. Rigid pipe one; 10822. Flexible hose; 10823. Rigid pipe two; 10824. Movable shaft; 2. Outer shell; 201. Upper cover of outer shell; 202. Lower cover of outer shell; 203. Air chamber; 204. Motor mounting plate; 205. Roller mounting plate; 206. Air inlet pipe; 3. Airflow guiding mechanism; 301. Screen; 302. Air guide mechanism; 3021. Air guide bracket; 30211. Heat dissipation hole; 3022. Long linkage rod; 3023. Long hinge; 3024. Short air guide plate; 3025. Short linkage rod; 3026. Short hinge; 3027. Long air guide plate; 3028. Power supply; 3029. Heating resistance plate; 303. Servo motor; 4. Seed box; 401. Seed box body; 402. Seed box cover. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments:

[0039] Example 1

[0040] like Figure 1-11 As shown, this invention provides an air-pumped roller seed metering device for variable-rate sowing of small-grain forage seeds in grasslands. The device includes a seed metering roller 1, an outer shell 2, an airflow guiding mechanism 3, and a seed box 4. The seed box 4 includes a seed box body 401, with a seed box cover 402 on the top to ensure the airtightness of the seed box body 401. The outer shell 2 includes an upper outer shell cover 201, a lower outer shell cover 202, an air chamber 203, a motor mounting plate 204, a roller mounting plate 205, and an air inlet pipe 2. 06. The outer shell cover 201 is bolted to the air chamber 203, motor mounting plate 204, and roller mounting plate 205, with a sealing gasket sandwiched in between to ensure the airtightness of the entire device. The outer shell cover 202 and air chamber 203 are welded to the motor mounting plate 204 and roller mounting plate 205 to ensure the strength of the entire device. The seed box 4 is fixedly installed on the outer shell cover 201 with bolts. The seed dispensing roller 1 is installed inside the outer shell 2 and is bolted to the roller mounting plate 205.

[0041] In this embodiment, the motor mounting plate 204 is used to fix the motor, the roller mounting plate 205 is used to stabilize the seed metering roller 1 and forms a cavity between it and the seed metering roller 1 to facilitate the entry of seeds, the air chamber 203 is connected to the air inlet pipe 206, and the air inlet pipe 206 is connected to the air outlet of the fan to provide positive pressure air intake to the air chamber 203.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] like Figure 1-11As shown, based on Embodiment 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: Preferably, the seed dispensing roller 1 includes a roller drive side plate 101, a pressure inlet and pressure relief pipe 102, a roller pressure relief side plate 103, a cylinder body 104, a positive pressure seed blowing mechanism 105, a support member 106, a roller disassembly plate 107, and a seed conveying mechanism 108. The cylinder body 104 is connected to the roller drive side plate 101 and the roller pressure relief side plate 103 by screws through positioning holes. The pressure inlet and pressure relief pipe 102 is provided inside the cylinder body 104 and is connected to the roller drive side plate 101 and the roller pressure relief side plate 103 through a deep groove ball bearing 1061. The roller disassembly plate 107 is connected to the pressure inlet and pressure relief pipe 102 via a seated outer spherical bearing 1062. The roller disassembly plate 107 and the seed metering drive motor jointly support the seed metering roller 1. The positive pressure blowing mechanism 105 includes three fixed supports 1051. The three fixed supports 1051 are connected to the pressure inlet and pressure relief pipe 102 via screw holes on the ring to ensure the fixed position of the blowing. An air blowing box 1053 is fixedly installed at the top of the vertical support installed on the outer wall of the three fixed supports 1051. A connecting pipe 1052 is fixedly installed in the inner cavity of each of the vertical supports installed on the outer wall of the three fixed supports 1051. One end of each connecting pipe 1052 is connected to the pressure inlet and pressure relief pipe 102, and the other end is connected to the air blowing box 1053. A segmented partition 1021 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the pressure inlet and pressure relief pipe 102. Under the division of the segmented partition 1021, the upper half of the pressure inlet and pressure relief pipe 102 is used for air blowing, and the lower half is used for pressure extraction. The cavity above the segmented partition 1021 is connected to the three connecting pipes 1052. Four pressure extraction grooves 1022 are evenly distributed on the lower outer wall of the side of the pressure inlet and pressure relief pipe 102. The pressure extraction grooves 1022 are connected to the cavity below the segmented partition 1021, allowing the cylinder 104 to pass through. After the pressure relief pipe 102 is connected to the vacuum pump in the lower half of its inner cavity, pressure is drawn using the vacuum groove 1022 to create a negative pressure environment. The segmented partition 1021 includes 2-6 partition units 10211 and a partition support shaft 10212. Multiple partition units 10211 have through holes in their centers and are sequentially installed on the partition support shaft 10212. Each partition unit 10211 can rotate independently. The cylindrical outer wall of the partition unit 10211 is tightly fitted with the inner wall of the pressure relief pipe 102 and the end face of the partition unit 10211, ensuring that the upper and lower chambers of the pressure relief pipe 102 are isolated from each other. The partition unit 10211 has two working states: an open state 10213 and a closed state 10214. In the open state 10213, the upper left cavity of the partition unit 10211 is connected to the connecting pipe 1052, and the lower right cavity of the partition unit 10211 is connected to the pressure extraction groove 1022. When the partition unit 10211 is in the closed state 10214 after rotating counterclockwise by 5°-30°, the right outer wall of the partition unit 10211 prevents air pressure from entering the upper connecting pipe 1052, and the left outer wall of the partition unit 10211 prevents air pressure from escaping from the lower pressure extraction groove 1022.Each partition unit 10211 is individually controlled. Gas pressure sensors are installed on both the inner and outer sides of the drum 1. When the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the drum changes, the partition unit 10211 is controlled to enter different working states, thereby regulating the gas pressure inside the drum 1 and ensuring that the gas pressure difference for seed adsorption remains relatively stable. The outer wall of the cylinder 104 has six rows of holes arranged in an annular array. An exhaust plate 10531 is fixedly installed on the top of the air blowing box 1053. The exhaust plate 10531 has six exhaust holes 10532 evenly arranged and connected to the six rows of holes arranged in the annular array on the outer wall of the cylinder 104. The seed metering drum 1 is connected to the output shaft of the seed metering drive motor through the keyway on the drum drive side plate 101. The seed metering drive motor is bolted to the motor mounting plate 204. The drum disassembly plate 107 is bolted to the drum pressure relief side plate 103. The seed metering drum 1 can be disassembled as a whole by removing the bolts. Cylinders 104 with different hole characteristics can be replaced for different seeds.

[0044] In this embodiment, positive pressure gas is injected into the air chamber 203 through the air inlet pipe 206 connected to the fan outlet, creating a positive pressure environment within the entire air chamber 203. The cylinder 104 can be connected to the fan inlet through the lower half of the inner cavity of the pressure inlet and pressure relief pipe 102. Pressure is then applied using the pressure relief groove 1022 to create a negative pressure environment. After passing through the airflow guide mechanism 3, the gas blows the seeds into the cavity between the cylinder 104 and the roller mounting plate 205. The negative pressure environment within the cylinder 104 causes the seeds to adhere to the pores on its surface. The cylinder 104 is then driven to rotate by connecting the side holes of the roller drive side plate 101 to the motor output shaft. The pressure inlet and pressure relief pipe 102 utilizes deep grooves... The ball bearing 1061 and the mounted outer spherical bearing 1062 remain stationary. When the cylinder 104 rotates to the position above the positive pressure seed blowing mechanism 105, the seeds in the holes above the cylinder 104 can be connected to the pressure inlet and outlet pipe 102 by a blower. The upper half of the inner cavity is divided by a segmented partition 1021, allowing the gas to pass through the three connecting pipes 1052 in the three fixed supports 1051 and then evenly enter the air blowing box 1053. The six exhaust holes 10532 on the exhaust plate 10531 at the top of the air blowing box 1053 are connected to the six rows of holes in the cylinder 104, thereby quickly blowing the seeds adsorbed on the six holes into the corresponding six seed delivery pipes 1082 and discharging them for sowing.

[0045] Example 3

[0046] like Figure 1-11As shown, based on Embodiment 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: Preferably, the seed delivery mechanism 108 includes a seed delivery tube buckle 1081 and a seed delivery tube 1082. The seed delivery tube 1082 passes through the seed delivery tube buckle 1081. The opening on the side wall of the seed delivery tube 1082 is a seed inlet. The center of the seed inlet and the pressure groove of the positive pressure blowing mechanism 105 are located on the same radial line as the cylinder 104 and are connected to the six rows of holes in the annular array on the outer wall of the cylinder 104. The seeds enter the seed inlet under the action of the air pressure of the blowing box 1053. The side near the seed inlet of the seed delivery tube is the seed inlet. An air inlet is connected to an adjustable pressure air pump via an air pipe. The airflow regulates the seed delivery speed in the seed delivery tube 1082. The seed outlet is located at the distal end of the seed inlet of the seed delivery tube 1082. Seeds exit the seed metering device from the seed outlet and enter the seed furrow. The seed delivery tube 1082 includes a rigid tube 10821, a flexible tube 10822, and a second rigid tube 10823. The seed delivery tube clip 1081 includes an adjusting plate 10811. A fixing box 10812 is fixedly installed on the rear side of the adjusting plate 10811. The front end of the first rigid tube 10821 is connected to the fixing box 1081. The rear side of the second rigid tube 10823 is fixedly connected to the flexible tube 10822, which is fixedly connected to the rigid tube 10821 and located in the inner cavity of the fixed box 10812. A pipeline seed flow sensor, including but not limited to photoelectric sensors and capacitive sensors, is installed on the outside of the flexible tube 10822 to detect whether the seed delivery tube 1082 is blocked. When a blockage occurs, an alarm is triggered to the driver's central control panel. The inner cavity of the fixed box 10812 can provide a dark chamber condition for the sensor, improving the accuracy of the sensor detection. A movable shaft 108 is fixedly installed on the left rear end of the second rigid tube 10823. 24. The end face of the movable shaft 10824 is designed with an arc-shaped groove that fits against the outer wall of the rigid tube 10823 (not shown in the figure). The movable shaft 10824 is movably installed in the inner cavity of the adjusting plate 10811 and rotates with the rigid tube 10823. A reinforcing threaded rod 10813 is threadedly connected to the threaded groove at the bottom of the adjusting plate 10811. After the reinforcing threaded rod 10813 is tightened, its top end contacts the bottom of the movable shaft 10824, restricting the rotation of the movable shaft 10824, thereby fixing the angle of the rigid tube 10823 and ensuring that the seeds are discharged smoothly.

[0047] In this embodiment, the movable shaft 10824 can be disengaged by rotating the reinforcing threaded rod 10813 downwards, allowing the rigid tube 10823 to be rotated and adjusted using the movable shaft 10824. At the same time, the unobstructed flow of the overall seed delivery tube 1082 can still be ensured by the flexible tube 10822 inside the fixed box 10812. After adjusting the rigid tube 10823 according to the sowing environment, the reinforcing threaded rod 10813 can be reversed to press and fix the bottom of the movable shaft 10824 inside the adjusting plate 10811, thereby completing the positioning of the rigid tube 10823 and allowing the seed delivery position of the overall seed delivery tube 1082 to be adjusted at any time.

[0048] Example 4

[0049] like Figure 1-11 As shown, based on Embodiment 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: Preferably, the airflow guiding mechanism 3 includes a screen 301, an air guiding mechanism 302, and a servo motor 303. The air guiding mechanism 302 is installed below the screen 301, and the servo motor 303 is installed on the side wall of the air guiding mechanism 302. The air guiding mechanism 302 includes an air guiding bracket 3021, a long linkage rod 3022, a long hinge 3023, a short air guiding plate 3024, a short linkage rod 3025, a short hinge 3026, and a long air guiding plate 3027. The long air guiding plate 3027 and the short air guiding plate 3024 are vertically installed in the air guiding bracket 3021. The long air guiding plates 3027 are arranged at equal intervals. The short linkage rod 3025 is hinged to the short hinge 3026. The long air guiding plate 3027... The other end of the short hinge 3026 is hinged to the servo motor 303. When the angle of the long air guide plate 3027 is changed, the other air guide plates are linked together. The installation and linkage of the short air guide plate 3024 are similar. The power supply 3028 is fixedly installed on the right side of the air guide bracket 3021. Heating resistance plates 3029 are fixedly installed in the cavities opened on the front and rear sides of the air guide bracket 3021. The input end of the heating resistance plate 3029 is connected to the output end of the power supply 3028 through a wire. When the power is turned on, the airflow disturbing the seeds is heated to reduce the adhesion of the seeds caused by moisture. Several heat dissipation holes 30211 are opened on the opposite surfaces of the front and rear sides of the air guide bracket 3021. The two rows of heat dissipation holes 30211 are located on the front side of the two heating resistance plates 3029.

[0050] In this embodiment, after the seeds are poured into the seed box 4, they first fall onto the screen 301. The positive pressure gas blown into the air chamber 203 through the air inlet pipe 206 first passes through the air guide bracket 3021, and the gas passing through it is heated by the heating resistance plate 3029 controlled by the power supply 3028. The hot gas is then released from the heat release hole 30211 into the inner cavity below the air guide bracket 3021, so that the positive pressure gas passing through the air guide bracket 3021 has a certain temperature, which can dry the overly moist seeds and prevent them from sticking to the wall. At the same time, by using the multi-stage drive long hinge 3023 and short hinge 3026, the short air guide plate 3024 and the long air guide plate 3027 can swing in different directions, so that when the device is located on an inclined ground, the position of the gas passing through the air guide bracket 3021 can be calibrated.

[0051] Example 5

[0052] like Figure 1-11 As shown, based on Example 1, the present invention provides a variable seeding method for grassland small-grain forage seeds, which includes the following steps:

[0053] Step 1: In the early stage of sowing, use a multispectral camera mounted on a drone to scan the plot to be sown to obtain the topographic elevation map and vegetation index model of the plot.

[0054] Step 2: Determine the seeds for grass sowing, replace the cylinder 104 and screen 301 with the corresponding size and type of hole according to the physical characteristics of the seeds, check the seed suspension speed, and adjust the fan speed setting.

[0055] Step 3: Start the blower and check the airtightness of each airflow pipe connection. After the airflow stabilizes, start and control the speed of the seed metering motor to sow the forage seeds. When the seeds are stably discharged from the seed delivery pipe 1082, start the tractor to drive the seeder forward.

[0056] Step 4: The device uses the differential positioning system to obtain the real-time location information of the machine, matches it with the terrain elevation map obtained by the UAV to calculate the terrain slope at the current location, matches it with the ground vegetation index obtained by the UAV to calculate the ground vegetation at the current location, and calculates the spatial attitude and theoretical seeding volume of the seed metering device based on the terrain slope and ground vegetation coverage.

[0057] Step 5: Change the airflow angle according to the deflection angle of the servo motor 303 in the airflow guide mechanism 3 of the seed metering device spatial attitude control, maintain the stability of the seed layer height in the filling zone, ensure the filling rate of the seed metering device, and control the speed of the seed metering motor according to the calculated theoretical seeding amount.

[0058] Step Six: After the seed stream is discharged from the seed delivery tube 1082, it is combined with the furrowing, covering, and compaction device in the contour unit to complete the sowing operation.

[0059] The working principle of the pneumatic roller seed metering device for variable seed sowing of small-grain forage grass in this grassland will be explained in detail below.

[0060] like Figure 1-11As shown, after the seeds are poured into the seed box 4, they first fall onto the screen 301. Then, positive pressure gas is injected into the air chamber 203 through the air inlet pipe 206 connected to the fan, creating a positive pressure environment inside the entire air chamber 203. The cylinder 104 can be connected to the fan inlet through the lower half of the inner cavity of the pressure inlet and pressure relief pipe 102. The pressure is then drawn by the suction groove 1022 to create a negative pressure environment. After the gas passes through the airflow guide mechanism 3 and the screen 301, the seeds are in a flowing state. Under the action of the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the cylinder 104, the seeds are adsorbed onto the pores on the surface of the cylinder 104. Then, the cylinder 104 can be driven to rotate by connecting the side holes of the roller drive side plate 101 to the motor output shaft. 2. By keeping the deep groove ball bearing 1061 and the seated outer spherical bearing 1062 stationary, when the cylinder 104 rotates to above the positive pressure seed blowing mechanism 105, the seeds in the holes above the cylinder 104 can be connected to the pressure inlet and pressure relief pipe 102 by a blower. The upper half of the inner cavity is divided by the segmented partition 1021, so that the gas passes through the three connecting pipes 1052 in the three fixed supports 1051 and enters the blowing box 1053 evenly. The six exhaust holes 10532 opened by the exhaust plate 10531 at the top of the blowing box 1053 are connected to the six rows of holes opened by the cylinder 104, so that the seeds adsorbed on the six holes are quickly blown into the corresponding six seed delivery pipes 1082 and discharged for sowing.

[0061] The present invention has been described in detail above. However, modifications or improvements can be made to it, which will be obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, any modifications or improvements that do not depart from the spirit of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pneumatic cylinder-type seed metering device for variable seeding of small-seeded grassland pasture seeds, comprising a metering cylinder (1), an outer housing (2), an air flow guiding mechanism (3), a seed tank (4), characterized in that: The air flow guiding mechanism (3) is arranged at the right side of the seed sowing roller (1), the seed box (4) comprises a seed box body (401), the top of the seed box body (401) is provided with a seed box cover (402), the shell body (2) comprises a shell upper cover (201), a shell lower cover (202), an air chamber (203), a motor mounting plate (204), a roller mounting plate (205), an air inlet pipe (206), the motor mounting plate (204) is located at the right side of the roller mounting plate (205), the air chamber (203) is connected with the air inlet pipe (206) at the right side, the air inlet pipe (206) is connected with an air outlet of a fan, the air chamber (203) is provided with positive pressure air inlet, the shell upper cover (201) is connected with the air chamber (203), the motor mounting plate (204) and the roller mounting plate (205) through bolts, and sealing pads are arranged in the middle to ensure the sealing property of the whole device, the shell lower cover (202) and the air chamber (203) are welded with the motor mounting plate (204) and the roller mounting plate (205) to ensure the strength of the whole device, the seed box (4) is fixedly arranged on the shell upper cover (201) through bolts, and the seed sowing roller (1) is arranged in the shell body (2) and is connected with the roller mounting plate (205) through bolts. The seed sowing roller (1) comprises a roller driving side plate (101), a pressure inlet and outlet pipe (102), a roller pressure relief side plate (103), a cylinder (104), a positive pressure seed blowing mechanism (105), a support (106), a roller dismounting plate (107), and a seed conveying mechanism (108). The cylinder (104) is connected with the roller driving side plate (101) and the roller pressure relief side plate (103) by means of positioning holes through screws. The pressure inlet and outlet pipe (102) arranged inside the cylinder (104) is connected with the roller driving side plate (101) and the roller pressure relief side plate (103) through deep groove ball bearings (1061). The roller dismounting plate (107) is connected with the pressure inlet and outlet pipe (102) through a bearing outer spherical surface bearing (1062). The roller dismounting plate (107) and a seed sowing device driving motor support the seed sowing roller (1) together. The positive pressure seed blowing mechanism (105) comprises three fixed supports (1051) which are screwed with the pressure inlet and outlet pipe (102) through screw holes on a circular ring to ensure the fixation of the seed blowing position. Vertical supports installed on the outer walls of the three fixed supports (1051) are fixedly installed with air blowing boxes (1053) at the top ends. The inner cavities of the vertical supports installed on the outer walls of the three fixed supports (1051) are fixedly installed with communication pipes (1052). One end of each of the three communication pipes (1052) is in communication with the pressure inlet and outlet pipe (102), and the other end is in communication with the air blowing box (1053). The pressure inlet and outlet pipe (102) is fixedly installed with a sectional partition plate (1021). The upper cavity of the sectional partition plate (1021) is in communication with the three communication pipes (1052). Four pressure extraction grooves (1022) are evenly arranged on the lower outer wall of the side surface of the pressure inlet and outlet pipe (102). The pressure extraction grooves (1022) are in communication with the lower cavity of the sectional partition plate (1021).

2. A pneumatic cylinder-type seed metering device for variable rate seeding of grassland small grain seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that: The segmented partition plate (1021) comprises 2-6 partition plate units (10211) and a partition plate support shaft (10212), the partition plate units (10211) are provided with through holes in the center and are sequentially installed on the partition plate support shaft (10212), each partition plate unit (10211) can rotate independently, the cylindrical outer wall of the partition plate unit (10211) is tightly fitted between the inner wall of the pressure inlet and pressure relief pipe (102) and the end face of the partition plate unit (10211), so as to ensure that the upper and lower two chambers of the pressure inlet and pressure relief pipe (102) are isolated from each other, the partition plate unit (10211) has two working states, which are an open state (10213) and a closed state (10214), when the partition plate unit (10211) is in the open state (10213), the upper left chamber of the partition plate unit (10211) is penetrated by the communication pipe (1052), the lower right cavity of the partition plate unit (10211) is penetrated by the pressure extraction groove (1022), when the partition plate unit (10211) is rotated counterclockwise by 5-30° and is in the closed state (10214), the right outer wall surface of the partition plate unit (10211) isolates the gas pressure from entering the upper communication pipe (1052), and the left outer wall surface of the partition plate unit (10211) isolates the gas pressure from escaping from the lower pressure extraction groove (1022), each partition plate unit (10211) is independently controlled, the inner cavity and the outer side of the seed sowing roller (1) are provided with gas pressure sensors, when the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the seed sowing roller (1) changes, the partition plate unit (10211) is controlled to enter different working states, the gas pressure in the seed sowing roller (1) is adjusted, and the pressure difference for adsorbing seeds is maintained relatively stable.

3. A pneumatic cylinder-type seed metering device for variable rate seeding of grassland small grain seeds according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outer wall of the cylinder body (104) is provided with six rows of holes in an annular array, the top of the air blowing box (1053) is fixedly provided with an air exhaust plate (10531), the air exhaust plate (10531) is uniformly provided with six air exhaust holes (10532) and is connected with the six rows of holes in the annular array of the outer wall of the cylinder body (104).

4. A pneumatic cylinder-type seed metering device for variable rate seeding of grassland small grain seeds according to claim 3, characterized in that: The seed conveying mechanism (108) comprises a seed conveying pipe buckle (1081) and a seed conveying pipe (1082), the seed conveying pipe (1082) penetrates through the seed conveying pipe buckle (1081), the side wall opening of the seed conveying pipe (1082) is a seed inlet, the center of the seed inlet and the pressure groove of the positive pressure seed blowing mechanism (105) are located on the same radial line of the cylinder body (104) and are connected with the six rows of holes in the annular array of the outer wall of the cylinder body (104), seeds enter the seed inlet under the action of the air pressure of the air blowing box (1053), an air inlet is arranged on the proximal side of the seed inlet of the seed conveying pipe (1082), the air inlet is connected to an adjustable pressure air pump through an air pipe, the conveying speed of the seeds in the seed conveying pipe (1082) is adjusted through the air flow, and the distal side of the seed inlet of the seed conveying pipe (1082) is a seed outlet, the seeds leave the seed sowing device from the seed outlet and enter the seed furrow.

5. A pneumatic cylinder-type seed metering device for variable rate seeding of grassland small grain seeds according to claim 4, characterized in that: The seed delivery pipe (1082) includes a hard pipe one (10821), a hose (10822) and a hard pipe two (10823), the seed delivery pipe buckle (1081) includes an adjusting plate (10811), the rear side of the adjusting plate (10811) is fixedly installed with a fixed box (10812), the front end of the hard pipe one (10821) is fixedly connected with the rear side of the fixed box (10812), the hose (10822) is fixedly connected with the hard pipe one (10821) and located in the inner cavity of the fixed box (10812), a pipeline type seed flow sensor is installed on the outer side of the hose (10822) for detecting whether the seed delivery pipe (1082) is blocked, and an alarm is given to the driver's center console when the seed delivery pipe (1082) is blocked, the inner cavity of the fixed box (10812) can provide a darkroom condition for the sensor, and the accuracy of the sensor detection is improved, and the rear end of the left side of the hard pipe two (10823) is fixedly installed with a movable shaft (10824), the end face of the movable shaft (10824) is designed with an arc-shaped groove matched with the outer side wall of the hard pipe two (10823), the movable shaft (10824) is movably installed in the inner cavity of the adjusting plate (10811) and rotates with the hard pipe two (10823), a reinforcing threaded rod (10813) is screwedly connected in the threaded groove formed in the bottom of the adjusting plate (10811), the top end of the reinforcing threaded rod (10813) is in contact with the bottom of the movable shaft (10824) after being screwed, the rotation of the movable shaft (10824) is limited, and then the angle of the hard pipe two (10823) is fixed, so that the seeds are smoothly discharged.

6. A pneumatic cylinder-type seed metering device for variable rate seeding of grassland small grain seeds according to claim 5, characterized in that: The airflow guide mechanism (3) comprises a screen (301), an air guide mechanism (302) and a rudder (303), the air guide mechanism (302) is installed below the screen (301), the air guide mechanism (302) is provided with the rudder (303) on the side wall, the air guide mechanism (302) comprises an air guide support (3021), a long linkage rod (3022), a long hinge (3023), a short air guide plate (3024), a short linkage rod (3025), a short hinge (3026) and a long air guide plate (3027), the long air guide plate (3027) and the short air guide plate (3024) are vertically installed in the air guide support (3021), the long air guide plates (3027) are arranged at equal intervals, the short linkage rod (3025) is hingedly connected with the short hinge (3026), and the long air guide plate (3027) is hingedly connected with the other end of the short hinge (3026), so that the remaining air guide plates are jointly connected when the angle of the long air guide plate (3027) is changed by the rudder (303).

7. A method of variable rate seeding of a grassland small grain pasture seed based on the variable rate seeding air-assisted cylinder seed meter of claim 6, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Step one: in the early stage of seeding, a multispectral camera carried by a unmanned aerial vehicle is used to scan a to-be-seeded land, and a topographic elevation map and a vegetation index model of the land are obtained; Step two: determine the grassland seeding seed, replace the cylinder (104) and the screen (301) of the corresponding size according to the physical characteristics of the seed, and adjust the fan speed setting according to the seed suspension velocity. Step three: start the fan, check the air tightness of each air flow tube connection, and start and control the seed expelling motor speed after the air flow is stable. The pasture seeds are expelled, and the tractor is started to drive the seeder forward when the seed expelling tube (1082) is stable. Step four: the device obtains real-time position information of the machine tool by means of the matched differential positioning system, calculates the terrain slope of the current position by matching the terrain elevation map obtained by the unmanned aerial vehicle, matches the ground vegetation index obtained by the unmanned aerial vehicle, calculates the ground vegetation amount of the current position, and calculates the spatial attitude and theoretical seed expelling amount of the seed expeller according to the terrain slope and ground vegetation coverage; Step five: according to the spatial attitude of the seed expeller, the deflection angle of the rudder (303) in the air flow guide mechanism (3) is controlled to change the air flow angle, maintain the stability of the seed layer height of the filling area, ensure the filling rate of the seed expeller, and control the speed of the seed expelling motor according to the calculated theoretical seed expelling amount; Step six: the seed flow is expelled from the seed expelling tube (1082) and matched with the ditching, covering and pressing device in the profiled single body to complete the seeding operation.

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