Wheat primary cleaning method for improving the cleaning rate and utilization rate

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of wheat processing, and particularly relates to a method for improving the cleaning rate and utilization rate of wheat, which separates large impurities by using a cylinder cleaning sieve, separates second sieve large impurities and second sieve small impurities by using a rotary vibration sieve, separates air separation light impurities by using a circulating air separator, and separates third sieve light impurities, third sieve large impurities, third sieve small impurities and ash impurities by using a combined sieve. The method not only improves the cleaning rate of wheat from 95% to 99%, but also removes stones from the third sieve large impurities and the third sieve small impurities to obtain organic impurities. The organic impurities, the air separation light impurities and the third sieve light impurities contain high organic nutrients, which can be utilized to improve the economic benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wheat processing technology, and in particular to a method for initial cleaning of wheat to improve the cleaning rate and utilization rate. Background Technology

[0002] Wheat processing includes cleaning, milling, sieving, mixing, fermentation, and drying. The cleaning stage uses methods such as sieving, air separation, and magnetic separation to remove impurities mixed into the wheat, improving flour quality to meet the needs of the food industry and daily life. These impurities include not only stones and clods of earth, but also organic impurities such as wheat straw, shriveled wheat, weed seeds, foreign grains, and substandard wheat mixed in during harvesting.

[0003] A highly efficient and clean wheat cleaning, grading, and milling process is disclosed in Chinese invention patent CN201210015380.7. In this process, wheat that has undergone initial cleaning to remove large impurities is fed into a high-efficiency self-balancing vibrating screen and a circulating air separator to remove fine impurities and light impurities such as wheat husks, and then stones are removed. After that, it is fed into a high-square flat screen for sieving and grading. The wheat material after sieving is graded into heavy wheat, light wheat, fine impurities, large impurities, and light impurities. The heavy wheat is subjected to a wheat conditioning treatment and then cleaned. After being processed by a suction separator, it is selected and sent to the heavy wheat clean wheat bin. The light wheat is subjected to a wheat conditioning treatment and then stones are removed before being sent to the light wheat clean wheat bin.

[0004] This process involves screening, air separation, and blower treatment based on differences in particle size and specific gravity between impurities and wheat to separate the impurities from the wheat and grade the wheat. However, because wheat is not round but rather oval, elliptical, and oblong, impurities of similar size to wheat grains are easily mixed in during screening to remove impurities, especially broken wheat, shriveled wheat, and inferior wheat, which are difficult to remove, affecting the impurity removal rate. Furthermore, existing technologies remove both organic and inorganic impurities simultaneously, resulting in a mixture with low utilization value. Therefore, these removed organic impurities are not effectively utilized, leading to low economic benefits. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a method for primary cleaning of wheat that improves the cleaning rate and utilization rate. This method increases the cleaning rate of wheat from 95% to 99%, removes impurities from wheat in stages, and utilizes the organic components in the impurities, thereby improving economic efficiency.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is: a method for initial cleaning of wheat to improve the impurity removal rate and utilization rate, which includes the following steps:

[0007] 1) Use a cylindrical primary cleaning sieve to screen the wheat. The sieve hole size of the front section of the cylindrical primary cleaning sieve is 14*20mm, and the sieve hole size of the rear section is 12*20mm. After screening, the material on the sieve is a large impurity, and the material under the sieve goes to the next step.

[0008] 2) Use a vibrating sieve to sieve the wheat. The vibrating sieve has two layers of screens. The first layer of screen has a sieve hole diameter of 12mm at the front and 10mm at the back. After sieving, the material on the upper screen is the second-stage large impurities, and the material under the screen is sieved through the second layer of screen with a sieve hole diameter of 2mm. The material under the screen is the second-stage small impurities, and the material on the upper screen proceeds to the next step.

[0009] 3) Use a circulating air separator to clean the wheat. The air velocity at the air separator is 10m / s. After air separation, the light impurities and wheat are obtained. The light impurities are sent to the organic impurity bin, and the wheat is sent to the next step.

[0010] 4) A combined screen is used to clean the wheat. The combined screen is equipped with a feeding suction duct, multiple screening channels, and a discharge suction duct. The air velocity in the feeding suction duct is 8-10 m / s. When the wheat passes through the feeding suction duct, light impurities are sucked out and separated by a cyclone dust collector to obtain three sets of light impurities. The three sets of light impurities are sent to the organic impurity bin. Each of the multiple screening channels is equipped with two layers of screens. The diameter of the screen holes in the front section of the upper screen is 10 mm, and the diameter of the screen holes in the rear section is 8 mm. The diameter of the screen holes in the lower screen is 2.5 mm. After passing through the four screening channels, three sets of large impurities, three sets of small impurities, and wheat are obtained. When the wheat passes through the discharge suction duct, the dust is sucked out and the ash impurities are separated to obtain the wheat after initial cleaning.

[0011] 5) The large and small impurities from the three-screen sieve are destoned to obtain inorganic and organic impurities. The organic impurities are sent to the organic impurity bin.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the screening speed is accelerated, and wheat, shriveled wheat, broken wheat, and wheat husks that are similar in size and specific gravity to wheat are mainly separated in the circulating air separator and the combined screen. This separation not only separates them from wheat, but also separates them from other impurities since they have been separated in the previous steps. On this basis, different impurities can be utilized separately, thereby improving economic efficiency.

[0013] Specifically, in the above technical solution, step 1 removes large impurities from the first sieve using a cylindrical primary cleaning sieve. These large impurities are those with a diameter greater than 20mm, mainly long straw and other larger impurities mixed in (such as rope ends, bricks, and lumps of mud). Compared to existing technologies, this step reduces the size of the sieve openings, allowing more large impurities to be removed in one sieve. This step provides a preliminary classification of impurities, separating those with a diameter greater than 20mm from those with a diameter less than 20mm. In step 2, the impurities are further classified according to their size. Step 2 removes two sieves of large and small impurities. The large impurities in the second sieve are mainly wheat straw longer than 12mm, while the small impurities are mainly grass seeds, fine sand, fine ash, and other small impurities. For the first and second sieves of large impurities, the organic components mainly consist of straw, especially the stems and leaves of wheat straw. These components have low organic content and nutritional value. Therefore, they are removed in these two steps to prevent them from being mixed into the impurities removed later. At the same time, other impurities with certain nutritional components remain in the wheat and are removed in subsequent steps, which makes it easier to utilize the impurities removed later.

[0014] For the aforementioned impurities containing nutrients, they are separated through air separation in step 3, suction in step 4, and screening. First, the air separation light impurities are removed by a circulating air separator. Then, the light impurities are sucked out by a high-power suction in the feed suction duct of the combined screen. During this process, the wheat is evenly spread out, allowing an airflow of 8-10 m / s to pass through the wheat and carry away the light impurities. The air separation light impurities and the three-screen light impurities are mainly impurities with a specific gravity smaller than wheat. Since the large impurities and inorganic impurities with low nutritional content have been removed (large inorganic impurities are removed in steps 1 and 2, and small inorganic impurities remain in the wheat and are removed by screening in step 4), they are all organic components with certain nutritional value, such as wheat bran, shriveled wheat, and wheat husks, which can be used as livestock feed and sent to the organic impurity bin. In step 4, the sieving channel filters out qualified wheat and removes impurities such as large impurities from the third sieve and small impurities from the third sieve (containing broken wheat). The main components of these impurities are organic impurities and inorganic impurities such as gravel that are similar in size to wheat particles. Therefore, these impurities are collected and sent to the destoner to separate the organic and inorganic impurities. The organic impurities are then sent to the organic impurity bin.

[0015] A further feature of this invention is that the air-separated light impurities, three-screen light impurities, and organic impurities fed into the organic impurity chamber are mixed and then pulverized, and can be used as pig feed.

[0016] Furthermore, the combined screen is equipped with four sets of screening channels.

[0017] Furthermore, the workshop is equipped with suction fans, which are connected to the cylindrical primary cleaning screen, vibrating screen, circulating air separator, combined screen, and cyclone dust collector through suction pipes. This removes fine dust at each stage, improving not only the cleanliness of the wheat but also the workshop environment.

[0018] Furthermore, the cylindrical primary cleaning screen is located above the rotary vibrating screen, the rotary vibrating screen is located to the side of the circulating air separator, the circulating air separator is located above the combined screen, and the wheat is conveyed to the cylindrical primary cleaning screen by an elevator, the conveying pipe of the elevator being connected to the suction fan.

[0019] Furthermore, a pulse dust collector is installed in front of the air intake of the suction fan.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This application uses a cylindrical primary cleaning screen to separate large impurities in the first sieve, a vibrating screen to separate large and small impurities in the second sieve, a circulating air separator to separate air-separated light impurities (organic bin), and a combined screen to separate three sieves of light impurities (organic bin), three sieves of large impurities, three sieves of small impurities, and ash impurities. This not only improves the impurity removal rate of wheat from 95% to 99%, but also removes stones and other debris from the three sieves of large and small impurities to obtain organic impurities. The organic impurities, air-separated light impurities, and three sieves of light impurities contain high levels of organic nutrients, which can be utilized, thus improving economic benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the equipment used in the wheat primary cleaning method of the present invention to improve the cleaning rate and utilization rate.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the wheat primary cleaning method of the present invention for separating impurity types to improve the cleaning rate and utilization rate.

[0023] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0024] 1 - Elevator 2 - Cylindrical primary cleaning screen

[0025] 3 - Vibrating screen 4 - Circulating air separator

[0026] 5 - Combined screen; 6 - Cyclone dust collector

[0027] 7 - Destoner 8 - Organic Impurity Chamber

[0028] 9 - Suction fan; 10 - Pulse dust collector. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but this is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0030] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the wheat primary cleaning method for improving the impurity removal rate and utilization rate in this embodiment includes the following steps.

[0031] 1) Use a cylindrical primary cleaning sieve to screen the wheat. The sieve holes of the cylindrical primary cleaning sieve are rectangular. The sieve hole size of the front section is larger, which is 14*20mm, and the sieve hole size of the rear section is smaller, which is 12*20mm. After screening, the material on the sieve is a large impurity, and the material under the sieve goes to the next step.

[0032] 2) Use a vibrating sieve to sieve the wheat. The vibrating sieve has two layers of screens with circular mesh. The diameter of the mesh openings at the front of the first layer is 12mm, and the diameter of the mesh openings at the back is 10mm. After sieving, the material on the upper screen is the second-stage large impurities, and the material on the lower screen is sieved through the second layer of screen, which has a mesh opening diameter of 2mm. The material on the lower screen is the second-stage small impurities, and the material on the upper screen proceeds to the next step.

[0033] The first, second, and third sieves of large and small impurities contain complex components and a low proportion of edible (feed) materials, and are not further separated or processed into feed. For example, uncleaned wheat may contain large impurities such as straw, rope ends, bricks, and mud lumps, which are generally separated as first-sieve large impurities, while smaller straw, stones, etc., are separated as second-sieve large and second-sieve small impurities.

[0034] 3) Use a circulating air separator to clean the wheat. The air velocity at the air separator is 10m / s. After air separation, the light impurities and wheat are obtained. The light impurities are sent to the organic impurity bin, and the wheat proceeds to the next step.

[0035] 4) A combined sieve is used to clean the wheat. The combined sieve is equipped with a feeding suction duct, multiple sets of screening channels, and a discharge suction duct. The air velocity in the feeding suction duct is 8-10 m / s. When the wheat passes through the feeding suction duct, light impurities are sucked out and separated by a cyclone dust collector to obtain three sets of light impurities. The three sets of light impurities are sent to the organic impurity bin. Each of the multiple screening channels is equipped with two layers of screens. The front section of the upper screen has a screen hole diameter of 10 mm, and the rear section has a screen hole diameter of 8 mm. The lower screen has a screen hole diameter of 2.5 mm. After passing through the four sets of screening channels, three sets of large impurities, three sets of small impurities, and wheat are obtained. When the wheat passes through the discharge suction duct, dust is sucked out and ash impurities are separated to obtain the wheat after initial cleaning.

[0036] 5) The large and small impurities from the three-screen sieve are destoned to obtain inorganic and organic impurities. The organic impurities are sent to the organic impurity bin.

[0037] Furthermore, the air-separated light impurities, three-screen light impurities, and organic impurities sent into the organic impurity bin are mixed and crushed, and then used as feed or utilized in other ways.

[0038] Furthermore, the combined screen is equipped with four sets of screening channels.

[0039] like Figure 1As shown, a suction fan is provided, which is connected to the cylindrical primary cleaning screen, the rotary vibrating screen, the circulating air separator, the combined screen, and the cyclone dust collector through suction pipes. The suction fan removes the dust generated by each device during the transportation or screening of wheat, preventing the dust from remaining in the wheat after primary cleaning. It also improves the air quality in the workshop and prevents the dust from dispersing into the air.

[0040] Furthermore, the cylindrical primary cleaning screen is located above the rotary vibrating screen, the rotary vibrating screen is located to the side of the circulating air separator, the circulating air separator is located above the combined screen, and the wheat is conveyed to the cylindrical primary cleaning screen by an elevator, the conveying pipe of the elevator being connected to the suction fan.

[0041] A pulse dust collector is installed in front of the air intake of the suction fan to separate dust from the air.

[0042] In steps 1 and 2 of this scheme, the sieve holes at the front end are large and the sieve holes at the rear end are small. On the one hand, this speeds up the sieving process, and on the other hand, it allows impurities that are similar in size to wheat grains to pass through the sieve into the next step, where these impurities are cleaned in subsequent steps.

[0043] The large impurities in step 4 are impurities with a size of 10-12mm, while the small impurities in step 4 are broken wheat and small pieces of soil and stone smaller than 2.5mm. They have a high organic content, but because they contain inorganic impurities such as soil and stone, they are collected and sent to a destoner for separation to obtain clean and usable broken wheat for further use.

[0044] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the essence and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method of improving the cleaning rate and utilization of wheat in the initial cleaning, characterized by: It comprises the following steps: 1) screening the wheat using a cylinder primary cleaning screen, the front section of which has a screen hole size of 14*20 mm, and the rear section of which has a screen hole size of 12*20 mm, after the screening, the oversize is a first large impurity, and the undersize enters the next step; 2) screening the wheat using a rotary vibration screen, the rotary vibration screen has two layers of screen meshes, the front section of the first layer of screen meshes has a screen hole diameter of 12 mm, and the rear section has a screen hole diameter of 10 mm, after the screening, the oversize is a second large impurity, and the undersize is screened through the second layer of screen meshes, the screen hole diameter of the second layer of screen meshes is 2 mm; the undersize is a second small impurity, and the oversize enters the next step; 3) cleaning the wheat using a circulating air cleaner, the air cleaning port of the circulating air cleaner has an air speed of 10 m / s, and the air cleaning obtains cleaned light impurities and wheat, the cleaned light impurities are sent to the organic impurity bin, and the wheat enters the next step; 4) cleaning the wheat using a combined screen, the combined screen is sequentially provided with a feeding air suction duct, a plurality of screening channels, and a discharging air suction duct, the air speed of the feeding air suction duct is 8-10 m / s, when the wheat passes through the feeding air suction duct, light impurities are sucked out and separated through a cyclone dust collector to obtain third large impurities, the plurality of screening channels are each provided with two layers of screen meshes, the front section of the upper layer of screen meshes has a screen hole diameter of 10 mm, and the rear section has a screen hole diameter of 8 mm, the screen hole diameter of the lower layer of screen meshes is 2.5 mm, the third large impurities, the third small impurities, and the wheat are obtained through the four screening channels, when the wheat passes through the discharging air suction duct, dust is sucked out and separated to obtain ash impurities, and the wheat after the primary cleaning is obtained; 5) the third large impurities and the third small impurities are sent to the inorganic impurity bin and the organic impurity bin through a stone removing machine.

2. The wheat initial cleaning method for improving the foreign matter removal rate and the utilization rate according to claim 1, characterized by: The air cleaning light impurities, the third large impurities, and the organic impurities sent to the organic impurity bin are mixed and crushed.

3. The wheat initial cleaning method for improving the foreign matter removal rate and the utilization rate according to claim 1, characterized by: An air suction fan is arranged, and the air suction fan is connected to the cylinder primary cleaning screen, the rotary vibration screen, the circulating air cleaner, the combined screen, and the cyclone dust collector through air suction pipelines.

4. The wheat initial cleaning method for improving the foreign matter removal rate and the utilization rate according to claim 3, characterized by: The cylinder primary cleaning screen is located above the rotary vibration screen, the rotary vibration screen is located on the side of the circulating air cleaner, the circulating air cleaner is located above the combined screen, and the wheat is conveyed to the cylinder primary cleaning screen through an elevator, and a conveying pipeline of the elevator is connected to the air suction fan.

5. The wheat initial cleaning method for improving the foreign matter removal rate and the utilization rate according to claim 3, characterized by: An impulse dust collector is arranged in front of an air suction port of the air suction fan.

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