A saline-alkali land original soil column leaching test device and method

Abstract

The present invention proposes a saline-alkali land original soil column leaching test device and method, which belongs to the saline-alkali land treatment technology field. It includes a soil column container, which is assembled by a plurality of container units, and is convenient for disassembly and transportation; it also includes a soil column bracket for fixing the soil column container, which is used to protect the internal soil column container from external force collision and damage, and a clamping block that can move up and down and in the center is arranged inside the soil column bracket, so as to further ensure the stability of the soil column container during the soil column leaching experiment and prevent the soil column from tipping over or being damaged. At the same time, the clamping block can also clamp soil column containers of different heights and diameters. It also includes a grinding device for grinding the soil column container, and the grinding device is provided with a grinding wheel that can rotate and move linearly back and forth, so that the grinding wheel can cover a larger area of ​​grinding area, improve the grinding efficiency, and provide a more uniform grinding texture, and extend the service life of the grinding wheel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali land management, and in particular relates to a saline-alkali land original soil column leaching test device and method. Background Art

[0002] The Yellow River Delta is the youngest land in my country. Its area is constantly increasing and it has rich land resources. It is an important reserve land resource area in my country. During its formation, due to the continuous influence of factors such as the diversion of the Yellow River and seawater erosion, saline soil has become its main soil type. Nearly 50% of the land area has different degrees of soil salinization. Saline soil is one of the most important medium- and low-yield soil types in my country and an important reserve land resource. The improvement and utilization of saline-alkali land is one of the important ways to develop agriculture in my country.

[0003] Agricultural non-point source pollution is caused by the nitrogen and phosphorus elements, fertilizer and pesticide residues and other organic or inorganic substances in farmland soil being washed away by precipitation and irrigation, and then entering the water body through farmland surface runoff, farmland drainage and underground seepage.

[0004] At present, there are few studies on the migration of salt nutrients in saline-alkali farmland-drainage canal system. Carrying out relevant research is extremely important for controlling non-point source pollution and reducing nitrogen and phosphorus loss. Based on this, this project studied a saline-alkali land original soil column leaching test device, combined with the device to conduct original soil column leaching test to explore the migration of nitrogen and phosphorus in farmland-ditch in different periods and the effect of different irrigation amounts on nitrogen and phosphorus migration in saline-alkali land. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above problems existing in the prior art, a device and method for eluting an original soil column in saline-alkali land is provided.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is:

[0007] This technical solution proposes a saline-alkali land original soil column leaching test device, including:

[0008] A soil column container, wherein a water outlet pipe and a water inlet pipe are arranged at the bottom of the soil column container;

[0009] A soil column support for fixing a soil column container;

[0010] The soil column support comprises a bottom plate, a support leg is arranged at the bottom of the bottom plate, four groups of rectangular support rods are fixedly connected to the top surface of the bottom plate, and a surrounding rod is connected to the top of the support rod, and the surrounding rod is U-shaped;

[0011] Among them, the two support rods at the rear are respectively slidably sleeved with a first sliding sleeve, a limit rod is commonly connected between the two sliding sleeves, and two groups of clamping blocks for clamping the soil column container are arranged outside the limit rod. Two sliding rods are also connected to the top of the base plate, and the two sliding rods are located on the inner side of the support rods. A second sliding sleeve that can slide up and down is separately sleeved above the two sliding rods, and a threaded rod is commonly connected between the two second sliding sleeves. The two clamping blocks are slidably arranged left and right along the limit rod and the threaded rod, and at least two groups of butterfly nuts are threadedly connected to the threaded rod, and the two butterfly nuts are respectively located on the outside of the two clamping blocks.

[0012] Preferably, the clamping block is provided with a first limiting hole and a second limiting hole, the sliding rod freely passes through the inner side of the first limiting hole, and the threaded rod freely passes through the inner side of the second limiting hole;

[0013] The clamping blocks are rectangular block structures, and fan-shaped notches for clamping the soil column container are provided on the inner sides of the two clamping blocks, and rubber gaskets are attached to the inner sides of the fan-shaped notches.

[0014] Preferably, the soil column container is formed by connecting a plurality of container units, wherein the container unit comprises a cylinder, both ends of the cylinder are fixedly connected with flanges, and adjacent flanges are connected and fixed by bolt assemblies;

[0015] The water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are connected to the bottommost container unit, and a water-permeable silk screen is fixedly connected between the container unit and the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe.

[0016] The present invention also proposes a method for using a saline-alkali land undisturbed soil column leaching test device, comprising the following steps:

[0017] S1: Soil is collected in different layers in saline-alkali land, and after removing plant residues, stones and other debris, the sampled soil is placed in a cool and ventilated place for drying and grinding;

[0018] S2: Use grinding equipment to roughen the inner wall of each group of container units in advance;

[0019] S3: placing a container unit with a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe above the bottom plate of the soil column support, filling the bottom of the container unit with gravel to form a lower gravel layer, and laying a nylon net on the lower gravel layer;

[0020] S4: Filling the sampled soil into the soil column container by layered mixing above the nylon net;

[0021] During the filling process, the container unit is installed first, and then the soil is filled. After each time the sampled soil of different soil layers is loaded, the soil is compacted with a compactor, and a nylon net is laid between the sampled soil of different soil layers;

[0022] S5: Lay a nylon mesh on the upper surface of the uppermost layer of sampled soil, and fill the nylon mesh with gravel to form an upper gravel layer;

[0023] S6: Use a soil column support to clamp and fix the soil column container;

[0024] S7: Allow the sampled soil in the soil column container to settle naturally for 15 days to make it close to its natural state;

[0025] S8: Fill the soil column container with distilled water to make the sampled soil saturated with water, simulating the moisture state of the sampled soil in the actual environment;

[0026] S9: The experiment was conducted based on the local average agricultural irrigation water use over the years, with no less than three different irrigation treatments, and three replicates for each treatment. The contents of the corresponding elements in the sampled soil and water were measured before irrigation. Then, the leaching solution was poured from the top of the soil column container to simulate natural rainfall, and the leaching solution was collected through the outlet pipe. The timing started when the leaching solution flowed out of the outlet pipe. The filtrate was collected every 24 hours until all the filtrate was collected and the corresponding indicators were measured. After all the leaching solutions were leached out, the sampled soil in the soil column was collected, and the corresponding indicators of the soil samples were measured.

[0027] Preferably, the grinding device comprises a box body, a driving motor is arranged in the box body, the driving motor is connected to a worm, the right side of the worm is connected to a spline shaft, a spline sleeve is arranged outside the spline shaft, the spline sleeve is connected to an inner concave wheel, the middle part of the inner concave wheel has a concave accommodating cavity, the inner concave wheel is connected to a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft freely passes through the right side of the box body and is connected to a grinding wheel; wherein pulleys are arranged on both sides of the accommodating cavity, and the two pulleys are commonly connected to a swing arm;

[0028] It also includes a driving component for driving the swing arm to move left and right. When the swing arm moves left and right, the spline sleeve is driven by the pulley to slide up and down along the spline shaft during the rotation process.

[0029] Preferably, the other end of the swing arm is hinged to the inside of the box;

[0030] The driving assembly includes a worm wheel arranged in a box body and connected to the worm gear transmission. Two support plates are also arranged in the box body, and the two support plates are respectively located on both sides of the worm wheel; a rotatable eccentric disk is arranged on the outer side of the support plate, and the eccentric disk is connected to the worm gear transmission. The eccentric disk is provided with a rotatable ring, and the ring is fixedly connected with a connecting rod, and the connecting rod is hinged to the outer wall of the swing arm.

[0031] Preferably, a chassis is fixedly connected to the bottom of the box side wall, a support column is fixedly connected to the chassis, a tray for lifting the soil column container is fixedly connected to the top of the support column, and the tray has an arc-shaped structure.

[0032] Preferably, in S2, the specific method for grinding the inner wall of the container unit is to start the driving motor in advance, the driving motor drives the worm to rotate, and the rotation of the worm drives the spline shaft, the inner concave wheel of the spline sleeve, the rotating shaft and the grinding wheel to rotate synchronously; during the rotation process, the worm also drives the worm wheel to rotate, and the rotation of the worm wheel drives the eccentric disk to rotate, and the rotation of the eccentric disk drives the ring and the connecting rod to move up and down, and the connecting rod thereby pulls the swing arm hinged thereto to move up and down, and the pulley in the swing arm drives the inner concave wheel to move up and down, thereby realizing the up and down movement of the grinding wheel during the rotation process.

[0033] Then, the container unit is placed on the tray, and the inside of the container unit is pushed into the grinding wheel. During the pushing process, the position of the container unit is adjusted to enable the grinding wheel to grind the inner wall of the container unit.

[0034] Preferably, in S6, the specific method for the soil column support to clamp and fix the soil column container is that, after the sampling soil filling is completed, the two clamping blocks are manually pushed upward to make the first sliding sleeve and the second sliding sleeve slide upward along the support rod and the sliding rod respectively, and after sliding to the appropriate position, the two clamping blocks are pushed in the center so that the rubber gasket in the clamping block fits the outer wall of the cylinder in the soil column container, and then the two butterfly nuts are screwed to move in the center to realize the center clamping of the two clamping blocks.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0036] 1. The present invention designs a soil column container and a soil column support, which provide a more convenient, efficient and safe experimental environment for the undisturbed soil column leaching test in saline-alkali land, and strongly promote the progress of scientific research.

[0037] The soil column support is also provided with two clamping blocks that can move up and down and in the center for clamping the soil column container. The clamping blocks further ensure the stability of the soil column container during the soil column elution experiment to prevent the soil column from tipping over or being damaged. At the same time, the soil column support and the soil column container are two separate entities, which is convenient for selecting the soil column container and soil column support required for the current experiment for assembly and use.

[0038] 2. The soil column container in the present invention is formed by connecting several groups of container units. During the experiment, the container units are installed first and then the sampled soil is filled. The soil column container with this structure is convenient for filling the sampled soil and nylon net layer by layer. It is also convenient for the subsequent compaction work of filling and completing the sampled soil layer.

[0039] 3. In the present invention, the grinding wheel in the grinding equipment can realize linear movement while rotating compared to conventional grinding devices. Through linear movement, the grinding wheel can cover a larger area, thereby improving the grinding efficiency; this method of grinding can provide a more uniform grinding texture, and the linear movement is perpendicular to the grinding marks when the grinding wheel rotates, which helps to create a consistent surface roughness; at the same time, combining the rotation and linear movement grinding methods, the grinding wheel can evenly distribute the wear, thereby extending its service life and reducing the situation where the grinding wheel is not used efficiently, and is scrapped due to severe wear on one side and light wear on the other side. At the same time, the clamping structure can also clamp soil column containers of different heights and diameters, and has a wide range of applications and great promotion significance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0041] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the soil column support clamping the soil column container in the present invention.

[0042] Figure 2 This is the main view in 1.

[0043] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Enlarged view of part B.

[0044] Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the internal structure of the grinding equipment in the present invention.

[0045] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Front view of the grinding process.

[0046] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Enlarged view of part A.

[0047] Description of reference numerals:

[0048] 2. Soil column container; 21. Water inlet pipe; 22. Water outlet pipe; 23. Container unit; 231. Cylinder; 232. Flange; 234. Bolt assembly;

[0049] 3. Soil column support; 31. Bottom plate; 32. Support leg; 33. Support rod; 34. Surrounding rod; 35. First sliding sleeve; 36. Limit rod; 37. Clamping block; 371. First limiting hole; 372. Second limiting hole; 373. Fan-shaped notch; 38. Sliding rod; 39. Second sliding sleeve; 310. Threaded rod; 311. Butterfly nut;

[0050] 4. Grinding equipment; 41. Box; 42. Worm; 43. Spline shaft; 44. Spline sleeve; 45. Concave wheel; 46. Accommodating chamber; 47. Rotating shaft; 48. Grinding wheel; 49. Pulley; 410. Swing arm; 411. Chassis; 412. Support column; 413. Tray;

[0051] 4b, driving assembly; 4b1, worm gear; 4b2, support plate; 4b3, eccentric disk; 4b4, collar; 4b5, connecting rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] In order to make the purpose, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0053] In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that when a component is considered to be "connected" to another component, it may be directly connected to the other component or there may be a centrally disposed component. When a component is considered to be "disposed on" another component, it may be directly disposed on the other component or there may be a centrally disposed component.

[0054] In addition, terms such as "long", "short", "inside" and "outside" indicating directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only used to facilitate the description of the present invention. They do not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have this specific direction or operate with a specific direction structure, and should not be understood as a limitation of the present invention.

[0055] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the specific embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0056] like Figure 1-6 As shown, this embodiment proposes a saline-alkali land original soil column leaching test device, which provides a good test environment for the soil column leaching test, and includes:

[0057] A soil column container 2, a water inlet pipe 21 of a water outlet pipe 22 is arranged at the bottom of the soil column container 2, and the soil column container 2 is formed by connecting a plurality of groups of container units 23. The container unit 23 includes a cylinder 231, and flanges 232 are connected at both ends of the cylinder 231. Adjacent flanges 232 are connected and fixed by bolt assemblies 234. In order to prevent the water in the soil column container 2 from leaking out from between the two flanges 232, an annular flange sealing gasket is arranged between adjacent container units 23, and the flange sealing gasket is specifically located between the two adjacent flanges 232. The container unit 23 preferably adopts acrylic board material, which has excellent weather resistance and acid and alkali resistance, and can withstand long-term sun and rain in a simulated actual environment without yellowing or hydrolysis. Secondly, the material of the acrylic board is mostly transparent material, which is convenient for observing the state of the sampled soil in the soil column container 2 during the leaching experiment, and its material is light and hard, which is convenient for transportation and transfer.

[0058] Among them, the water inlet pipe 21 and the water outlet pipe 22 are connected to the bottom container unit 23, and water valves are provided on the water inlet pipe 21 and the water outlet pipe 22. A water-permeable mesh is fixedly connected at the connection between the water inlet pipe 21 and the water outlet pipe 22 and the container unit 23. The water-permeable mesh is used to prevent sampling soil or gravel from entering the pipe and blocking the pipe opening.

[0059] It also includes a soil column support 3 for fixing the soil column container 2, the soil column support 3 includes a base plate 31, a support leg 32 is arranged at the bottom of the base plate 31, four groups of rectangular support rods 33 are fixedly connected to the top surface of the base plate 31, the top of the support rod 33 is connected to a surrounding rod 34, the surrounding rod 34 is U-shaped, through the cooperation of the support rod 33 and the surrounding rod 34, a rectangular fence structure with only one opening is formed above the base plate 31, which is used to protect the soil column container 2 from being damaged by external force.

[0060] Among them, the two supporting rods 33 at the rear are respectively slidably sleeved with a first sliding sleeve 35, a limiting rod 36 is commonly connected between the two sliding sleeves, and two groups of clamping blocks 37 for clamping the soil column container 2 are arranged on the outer sleeve of the limiting rod 36. Two sliding rods 38 are also connected to the top of the bottom plate 31. The two sliding rods 38 are located on the inner side of the supporting rods 33. Second sliding sleeves 39 that can slide up and down are respectively sleeved on the top of the two sliding rods 38. A threaded rod 310 is commonly connected between the two second sliding sleeves 39. The two clamping blocks 37 are slidably arranged left and right along the limiting rod 36 and the threaded rod 310. Two groups of butterfly nuts 311 are threadedly connected to the threaded rod 310, and the two butterfly nuts 311 are respectively located on the outer sides of the two clamping blocks 37.

[0061] A first limiting hole 371 and a second limiting hole 372 are provided on the clamping block 37, a sliding rod 38 freely passes through the inner side of the first limiting hole 371, and a threaded rod 310 freely passes through the inner side of the second limiting hole 372; the clamping block 37 is a rectangular structure, and a fan-shaped notch 373 for clamping the soil column container 2 is provided on the inner side of the two clamping blocks 37, and a rubber gasket is fitted on the inner side of the fan-shaped notch 373.

[0062] During use, the clamping block 37 is pulled up to a suitable position in advance. The centering movable clamping block 37 is a rubber gasket that fits the outer wall of the soil column container 2. The centering movable edge is screwed on the two butterfly nuts 311 to achieve fixed clamping of the soil column container 2. At the same time, the two clamping blocks 37 can also form a downward force on the soil column container 2, so that the bottom of the soil column container 2 is more closely fitted to the bottom plate 31, preventing water seepage from the bottom.

[0063] It is worth noting that when the clamping block 37 clamps the soil column container 2, the clamping block 37 is located on the outer wall of the current container unit 23. When the clamping block 37 falls freely, it can be fixed above the flange 232 due to the obstruction of the flange 232. In order to further facilitate the adjustment of the fixed position of the clamping block 37, a top screw is connected to the threaded cloth on the outer wall of the first sliding sleeve 35. After passing through the first sliding sleeve 35, the top screw abuts against the outer wall of the support rod 33 to achieve the height positioning of the clamping block 37.

[0064] The present invention also proposes a method for using a saline-alkali land undisturbed soil column leaching test device, comprising the following steps:

[0065] S1: Soil is collected in different layers in the saline-alkali land. After removing plant residues, stones and other debris, the sampled soil is placed in a cool and ventilated place for drying and grinding;

[0066] S2: using a grinding device 4 to roughen the inner wall of each group of container units 23 in advance;

[0067] Among them, the grinding equipment 4 used includes a box body 41, a driving motor is arranged in the box body 41, the driving motor is connected to the worm 42, the right side of the worm 42 is connected to the spline shaft 43, the outer matching sleeve of the spline shaft 43 is provided with a spline sleeve 44, the spline sleeve 44 is connected to an inner concave wheel 45, the middle part of the inner concave wheel 45 has a recessed accommodating cavity 46, the inner concave wheel 45 is connected to a rotating shaft 47, the rotating shaft 47 freely passes through the right side of the box body 41 and is connected to a grinding wheel 48; wherein, pulleys 49 are arranged on both sides of the accommodating cavity 46, and the two pulleys 49 are connected to a swing arm 410; and also includes a driving component 4b for driving the swing arm 410 to move left and right. When the swing arm 410 moves left and right, the spline sleeve 44 is driven by the pulley 49 to slide left and right along the spline shaft 43 during rotation.

[0068] Among them, the other end of the swing arm 410 is hinged to the inside of the box body 41; the driving component 4b includes a worm wheel 4b1 arranged in the box body 41 and transmission connected to the worm 42, and two support plates 4b2 are also arranged in the box body 41, and the two support plates 4b2 are respectively located on both sides of the worm wheel 4b1; a rotatable eccentric disk 4b3 is arranged on the outer side of the support plate 4b2, and the eccentric disk 4b3 is transmission connected to the worm wheel 4b1, and the eccentric disk 4b3 is sleeved with a rotatable ring 4b4, and the ring 4b4 is fixedly connected with a connecting rod 4b5, and the connecting rod 4b5 is hinged to the outer wall of the swing arm 410.

[0069] It is worth noting that several groups of support ear plates are fixedly connected in the box body 41, and the support ear plates are used to suspend and limit the position of the output shaft of the drive motor, the spline shaft 43 and the rotating shaft 47. At the same time, the support ear plates are rotatably connected to the output shaft of the drive motor, the spline shaft 43 and the rotating shaft 47 without interfering with the normal operation of the three.

[0070] Furthermore, a chassis 411 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the side wall of the box body 41, a support column 412 is fixedly connected to the chassis 411, and a tray 413 for lifting the soil column container 2 is fixedly connected to the top of the support column 412, and the tray 413 is an arc-shaped structure. When in use, several sections of the container units 23 in the soil column container 2 are polished separately, placed on the tray 413 and pushed toward the grinding wheel 48. During the pushing process, the position of the container unit 23 is adjusted so that the grinding wheel 48 contacts the inner wall of the container unit 23 for polishing, thereby further improving the roughness inside the container unit 23.

[0071] To ensure the accuracy of the experiment, the inside of the container unit 23 must be rough. The soil structure in nature is usually porous and irregular, and the rough inner wall of the soil column container 2 can better simulate this natural state, making the experimental results more representative; the rough inner wall can increase the water retention capacity of the sampled soil to prevent water from preferentially flowing along the inner wall, thereby affecting the movement path and speed of water in the sampled soil. This is very important for studying the migration behavior of water and sampled soil.

[0072] In S2, the specific method for grinding the inner wall of the container unit 23 is to start the driving motor in advance, the driving motor drives the worm 42 to rotate, the rotation of the worm 42 drives the spline shaft 43, the spline sleeve 44, the inner concave wheel 45, the rotating shaft 47 and the grinding wheel 48 to rotate synchronously; during the rotation process, the worm 42 also drives the worm wheel 4b1 to rotate, the rotation of the worm wheel 4b1 drives the eccentric disk 4b3 to rotate, the rotation of the eccentric disk 4b3 drives the collar 4b4 and the connecting rod 4b5 to move left and right, the connecting rod 4b5 thereby pulls the swing arm 410 hinged thereto to move left and right, the pulley 49 in the swing arm 410 drives the inner concave wheel 45 to move left and right, and the grinding wheel 48 moves left and right during the rotating grinding process;

[0073] Then, the container unit 23 is placed above the tray 413 , and the interior of the container unit 23 is pushed into the grinding wheel 48 . During the pushing process, the position of the container unit 23 is adjusted so that the grinding wheel 48 can grind the inner wall of the container unit 23 .

[0074] S3: placing a container unit 23 with a water inlet pipe 21 and a water outlet pipe 22 above the bottom plate of the soil column support, filling the bottom of the container unit 23 with gravel to form a lower gravel layer, and laying a nylon net on the lower gravel layer;

[0075] In order to prevent water seepage between the bottommost container unit 23 and the bottom plate 31 , a waterproof gasket may be laid between the container unit 23 and the bottom plate 31 .

[0076] S4: Filling the sampled soil into the soil column container 2 by layered mixing above the nylon net;

[0077] During the filling process, the container unit 23 is installed first, and then the soil is filled. After each time the sampled soil of different soil layers is loaded, the soil is compacted using a compactor, and a nylon net is laid between the sampled soil of different soil layers;

[0078] S5: Lay a nylon mesh on the upper surface of the uppermost layer of sampled soil, and fill the nylon mesh with gravel to form an upper gravel layer;

[0079] S6: using the soil column support 3 to clamp and fix the soil column container 2 after the soil filling is completed;

[0080] The clamping block 37 can also form a downward force on the soil column container 2 to prevent water seepage between the soil column container 2 and the bottom plate 31 .

[0081] In S6, the specific method of the soil column support 3 clamping and fixing the soil column container 2 is as follows: after the sampling soil is filled, the two clamping blocks 37 are manually pushed upward to make the first sliding sleeve 35 and the second sliding sleeve 39 slide upward along the support rod 33 and the sliding rod 38 respectively, and after sliding to a suitable position, the two clamping blocks 37 are pushed in the center to make the rubber gasket in the clamping block 37 fit the outer wall of the cylinder 231 in the soil column container 2, and then the two butterfly nuts 311 are screwed in the center to move and realize the center clamping of the two clamping blocks 37;

[0082] S7: Allow the sampled soil in the soil column container 2 to settle naturally for 15 days to make it close to its natural state;

[0083] S8: filling the soil column container 2 with distilled water to make the sampled soil saturated with water, simulating the moisture state of the sampled soil in the actual environment;

[0084] S9: The experiment is based on the local average agricultural irrigation water use over the years, and no less than three different irrigation treatments are set, with three replicates for each treatment. Before irrigation, the content of the corresponding elements in the sampled soil and water is measured, and then the leaching solution is leached from the top of the soil column container 2 using a leaching device to simulate natural rainfall, and the leaching solution is collected through the outlet pipe 22. When the leaching solution flows out of the outlet pipe 22, the timing starts, and the filtrate is collected every 24 hours until all the filtrate is collected, and the corresponding indicators are measured. After all the leaching solutions are leached out, the sampled soil in the soil column container 2 is collected, and the corresponding indicators of the soil samples are measured.

[0085] This method combined with the device is used to explore the reasonable irrigation amount for washing and pressing salt on saline-alkali land, providing a reference and theoretical basis for the efficient ecological management of saline-alkali land in the Yellow River Delta.

[0086] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. All equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings under the concept of the present invention, or directly / indirectly applied in other related technical fields are included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A saline-alkali land undisturbed soil column elution test method, characterized in that: The saline-alkali land original soil column leaching test device is used, and the saline-alkali land original soil column leaching test device includes: A soil column container, wherein a water outlet pipe and a water inlet pipe are arranged at the bottom of the soil column container; A soil column support for fixing a soil column container; The soil column support comprises a bottom plate, a support leg is arranged at the bottom of the bottom plate, four groups of rectangular support rods are fixedly connected to the top surface of the bottom plate, and a surrounding rod is connected to the top of the support rod, and the surrounding rod is U-shaped; The two support rods at the rear are respectively provided with a first sliding sleeve, a limiting rod is commonly connected between the two sliding sleeves, two groups of clamping blocks for clamping the soil column container are arranged on the outer surface of the limiting rod, and two sliding rods are also connected to the top of the bottom plate, the two sliding rods are located on the inner side of the support rods, and second sliding sleeves that can slide up and down are respectively arranged on the upper part of the two sliding rods, a threaded rod is commonly connected between the two second sliding sleeves, the two clamping blocks are arranged to slide left and right along the limiting rod and the threaded rod, and at least two groups of butterfly nuts are threadedly connected to the threaded rod, and the two butterfly nuts are respectively located on the outer sides of the two clamping blocks; The clamping block is provided with a first limiting hole and a second limiting hole, the sliding rod freely passes through the inner side of the first limiting hole, and the threaded rod freely passes through the inner side of the second limiting hole; The clamping blocks are rectangular block structures, and fan-shaped notches for clamping the soil column container are provided on the inner sides of the two clamping blocks, and rubber gaskets are attached to the inner sides of the fan-shaped notches; The soil column container is formed by connecting a plurality of container units, wherein the container unit comprises a cylinder, and flanges are fixedly connected at both ends of the cylinder, and adjacent flanges are connected and fixed by bolt assemblies; The water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are connected to the bottom container unit, and a water-permeable mesh is fixedly connected to the connection between the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe and the container unit; The test method using the saline-alkali land undisturbed soil column leaching test device includes the following steps: S1: Soil is collected in different layers in saline-alkali land, and after processing, the sampled soil is placed in a cool and ventilated place for drying and grinding; S2: Use grinding equipment to roughen the inner wall of each group of container units in advance; S3: placing a container unit with a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe above the bottom plate of the soil column support, filling the bottom of the container unit with gravel to form a lower gravel layer, and laying a nylon net on the lower gravel layer; S4: Filling the sampled soil into the soil column container by layered mixing above the nylon net; During the filling process, the container unit is installed first, and then the soil is filled. After each time the sampled soil of different soil layers is loaded, the soil is compacted with a compactor, and a nylon net is laid between the sampled soil of different soil layers; S5: Lay a nylon mesh on the upper surface of the uppermost layer of sampled soil, and fill the nylon mesh with gravel to form an upper gravel layer; S6: Use a soil column support to clamp and fix the soil column container; S7: Allow the sampled soil in the soil column container to settle naturally for 15 days to make it close to its natural state; S8: Fill the soil column container with distilled water to make the sampled soil saturated with water, simulating the moisture state of the sampled soil in the actual environment; S9: Before irrigation, the contents of corresponding elements in the sampled soil and water are measured, and then the leaching solution is poured into the top of the soil column container to simulate natural rainfall, and the leaching solution is collected through the outlet pipe. When the leaching solution flows out of the outlet pipe, the timing starts, and the filtrate is collected every 24 hours until all the filtrate is collected and the corresponding indicators are measured; after all the leaching solution is leached out, the sampled soil in the soil column container is collected, and the corresponding indicators of the sampled soil are measured; The grinding device comprises a box body, a driving motor is arranged in the box body, a worm is connected to the driving motor through transmission, a spline shaft is connected to the right side of the worm through transmission, a spline sleeve is arranged outside the spline shaft, an inner concave wheel is connected to the spline sleeve, a concave accommodating cavity is provided in the middle of the inner concave wheel, a rotating shaft is connected to the inner concave wheel through transmission, the rotating shaft freely passes through the right side of the box body and is connected to the grinding wheel; wherein pulleys are arranged on both sides of the accommodating cavity, and the two pulleys are commonly connected to a swing arm; It also includes a driving assembly for driving the swing arm to move left and right. When the swing arm moves left and right, the spline sleeve is driven to slide left and right along the spline shaft through the pulley; The other end of the swing arm is hinged to the inside of the box; The driving assembly includes a worm wheel arranged in a box body and connected to the worm gear transmission. Two support plates are also arranged in the box body, and the two support plates are respectively located on both sides of the worm wheel; a rotatable eccentric disk is arranged on the outer side of the support plate, and the eccentric disk is connected to the worm gear transmission. The eccentric disk is provided with a rotatable collar, and the collar is fixedly connected with a connecting rod, and the connecting rod is hinged to the outer wall of the swing arm; The bottom of the side wall of the box body is fixedly connected with a chassis, a support column is fixedly connected to the chassis, and a tray for lifting the soil column container is fixedly connected to the top of the support column, and the tray is an arc-shaped structure; In S2, the specific method for grinding the inner wall of the container unit is to start the driving motor in advance, the driving motor drives the worm to rotate, and the rotation of the worm drives the spline shaft, the spline sleeve, the inner concave wheel, the rotating shaft and the grinding wheel to rotate synchronously; during the rotation process, the worm also drives the worm wheel to rotate, and the rotation of the worm wheel drives the eccentric disk to rotate, and the rotation of the eccentric disk drives the collar and the connecting rod to move left and right, and the connecting rod thereby pulls the swing arm hinged thereto to move left and right, and the pulley in the swing arm drives the inner concave wheel to move left and right, so that the grinding wheel moves left and right during the rotation process; Then, the container unit is placed on the tray, and the inside of the container unit is pushed into the grinding wheel. During the pushing process, the position of the container unit is adjusted to enable the grinding wheel to grind the inner wall of the container unit.

2. The method for eluting an intact soil column in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S6, the specific method of clamping and fixing the soil column container by the soil column bracket is that, after the sampling soil filling is completed, the two clamping blocks are manually pushed upward to make the first sliding sleeve and the second sliding sleeve slide upward along the support rod and the sliding rod respectively, and after sliding to the appropriate position, the two clamping blocks are pushed in the center to make the rubber gaskets in the clamping blocks fit the outer wall of the cylinder in the soil column container, and then the two butterfly nuts are screwed to move in the center to realize the center clamping of the two clamping blocks.

Images