Time-domain astronomical database creation method, time-domain astronomical data retrieval method and device

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a time-domain astronomical database creation method, a time-domain astronomical data retrieval method and device. The method comprises: creating a super table, the super table comprising a timestamp, a label and observation data, the label comprising a celestial body number, a wave band number and a wave band energy range; numbering a plurality of celestial bodies and a plurality of wave bands for each celestial body, and obtaining observation data of each celestial body in the plurality of wave bands; based on the structure of the super table, generating a sub table according to the observation data corresponding to each celestial body number and each wave band number, respectively, to obtain a plurality of sub tables, wherein the metadata of each sub table comprises the corresponding label, and each row comprises a timestamp and observation data; creating a time-domain astronomical database, the time-domain astronomical database comprising a time series database and a relational database, the time series database comprising the super table and the plurality of sub tables, and the relational database comprising a plurality of celestial bodies, an observation device name for obtaining observation data and a wave band energy range of the observation data.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of astronomical data processing, and in particular, to a time-domain astronomical database creation method, a time-domain astronomical data retrieval method, and an apparatus, a device, a medium and a program product. BACKGROUND

[0002] Currently, in the field of data storage in astronomy and even the entire industry, row databases and column databases are two widely used schemes. Row databases are based on relational algebra, and data is organized together by rows, but time-domain analysis usually needs to analyze the traffic changes of a source in a certain period of time. In a row database, a column of data is distributed in different positions, resulting in multiple hard disk read operations, which is low in efficiency. In recent years, with the use of new generation of detection instruments such as silicon photomultipliers, the time resolution of telescopes has been improved to milliseconds or even nanoseconds, which brings an explosive expansion of astronomical data in the time dimension, and the problem of low efficiency of row databases is more obvious. Although column databases can achieve more efficient storage and retrieval of such data, as a general data storage scheme, a lot of work is still needed in index design, data aggregation, and the support for time series data analysis algorithms that implement resampling at the data level is not enough. SUMMARY

[0003] In view of the above problems, the present disclosure provides a time-domain astronomical database creation method, a time-domain astronomical data retrieval method, and an apparatus, a device, a medium and a program product.

[0004] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a time-domain astronomical database creation method is provided, comprising: creating a super table, the super table comprising a timestamp, a label and observation data, the label comprising a celestial body number, a waveband number and a waveband energy range; numbering a plurality of celestial bodies and a plurality of wavebands for each celestial body, and obtaining observation data of each celestial body in the plurality of wavebands; generating a sub-table based on the structure of the super table according to the observation data corresponding to each celestial body number and each waveband number, respectively, to obtain a plurality of sub-tables, wherein the metadata of each sub-table comprises the corresponding label, each row comprises a timestamp and observation data corresponding to the timestamp, and the observation data comprises a flux density; creating a time-domain astronomical database, the time-domain astronomical database comprising a time series database and a relational database, the time series database comprising the super table and the plurality of sub-tables, and the relational database comprising a plurality of celestial bodies, an observation device name for obtaining observation data, and a waveband energy range of the observation data.

[0005] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, astronomical data, an observation device name are obtained through a plurality of data sets, the astronomical data comprising a plurality of celestial bodies, a plurality of waveband energy ranges, a timestamp and observation data.

[0006] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the observation data further comprises an exposure time and a flux error.

[0007] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a time-domain astronomical data retrieval method is provided, comprising: obtaining a target celestial body, an energy range, and a time range, wherein the target celestial body is selected from a celestial body distribution map or a celestial body table; obtaining, according to the target celestial body and the energy range, a plurality of target wavebands of the target celestial body in the energy range from a time-domain astronomical database, wherein the time-domain astronomical database is created according to a time-domain astronomical database creation method; retrieving, based on a celestial body number corresponding to the target celestial body and a waveband number corresponding to each of the plurality of target wavebands, a target sub-table corresponding to each of the target wavebands of the target celestial body from the time-domain astronomical database; and retrieving, according to the time range, a plurality of flux densities in the time range from the target sub-table.

[0008] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the method further comprises: obtaining a target coordinate and a retrieval radius; determining a retrieval range according to the target coordinate and the retrieval radius; retrieving, from the time-domain astronomical database, a retrieval celestial body located in the retrieval range; and generating a celestial body distribution map and a celestial body table according to the retrieval celestial body.

[0009] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, after the target celestial body is obtained, the method further comprises: in a case where the target celestial body is selected from the celestial body distribution map, displaying the target celestial body in the celestial body table; and in a case where the target celestial body is selected from the celestial body table, selecting and highlighting the corresponding target celestial body in the celestial body distribution map.

[0010] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the method further comprises: obtaining, according to the plurality of target wavebands, an observation equipment name and a waveband energy range of each of the plurality of target wavebands from the time-domain astronomical database; and generating a waveband distribution table of the target celestial body according to the waveband number, the observation equipment name, and the waveband energy range of each of the target wavebands.

[0011] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the method further comprises: obtaining a unit time period; and obtaining, according to the flux densities of each of the target wavebands in the time range, an average flux density of each unit time period in the time range, wherein the average flux density is obtained by averaging a plurality of flux densities in each unit time period.

[0012] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the method further comprises: generating, according to the average flux densities of the plurality of target wavebands of the target celestial body in the time range, a light curve of the plurality of target wavebands of the target celestial body in the time range, to obtain a light curve statistical diagram.

[0013] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the method further comprises: obtaining a to-be-viewed waveband from the plurality of target wavebands, the to-be-viewed waveband being selected through the waveband distribution table or the light curve statistical diagram; and displaying, in the light curve statistical diagram, a light curve of the to-be-viewed waveband.

[0014] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the method further includes: in response to at least one of the target celestial body, the energy range, the time range, and the unit time period changing, generating a new waveband distribution table and / or a light variation curve according to a new target celestial body, a new energy range, a new time range, and a new unit time period.

[0015] Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a time-domain astronomical database creation device, including: a first creation module configured to create a super table, the super table including a time stamp, a label, and observation data, the label including a celestial body number, a waveband number, and a waveband energy range; a numbering module configured to number a plurality of celestial bodies and a plurality of wavebands of each celestial body, and obtain respective observation data of each celestial body in the plurality of wavebands; a generation module configured to generate a sub table according to the observation data corresponding to each celestial body number and each waveband number based on a structure of the super table, to obtain a plurality of sub tables, wherein metadata of each sub table includes a corresponding label, each row includes a time stamp and observation data corresponding to the time stamp, and the observation data includes a flux density; and a second creation module configured to create a time-domain astronomical database, the time-domain astronomical database including a time-series database and a relational database, the time-series database including the super table and the plurality of sub tables, and the relational database including the plurality of celestial bodies, names of observation devices obtaining the observation data, and the waveband energy range of the observation data.

[0016] Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a time-domain astronomical data retrieval device, including: a parameter acquisition module configured to acquire a target celestial body, an energy range, and a time range, wherein the target celestial body is selected from a celestial body distribution map or a celestial body table; a waveband acquisition module configured to acquire a plurality of target wavebands of the target celestial body in the energy range from a time-domain astronomical database according to the target celestial body and the energy range, wherein the time-domain astronomical database is created according to a time-domain astronomical database creation method; a first retrieval module configured to retrieve a target sub table corresponding to each target waveband of the target celestial body from the time-domain astronomical database based on a celestial body number corresponding to the target celestial body and a waveband number corresponding to each target waveband; and a second retrieval module configured to retrieve a plurality of flux densities in the time range from the target sub table according to the time range.

[0017] Another aspect of the present disclosure provides an electronic device, including: one or more processors; a memory storing one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the above method.

[0018] Another aspect of the present disclosure also provides a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the above method.

[0019] Another aspect of the present disclosure also provides a computer program product comprising a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the above method. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent from the following description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0021] Figure 1 An application scenario diagram of the time-domain astronomical database creation method, the time-domain astronomical data retrieval method, the device, the equipment, the medium and the program product according to the embodiments of the present disclosure is schematically shown;

[0022] Figure 2 A flowchart of the time-domain astronomical database creation method according to the embodiments of the present disclosure is schematically shown;

[0023] Figure 3 A space occupation comparison between a database model and a relational database model of the time-domain astronomical database creation method according to the embodiments of the present disclosure is schematically shown;

[0024] Figure 4 A flowchart of the time-domain astronomical data retrieval method according to the embodiments of the present disclosure is schematically shown;

[0025] Figure 5 A data retrieval time histogram of the time-domain astronomical data retrieval method according to the embodiments of the present disclosure is schematically shown;

[0026] Figure 6A A schematic diagram of the visualization platform LCGAT based on the time-domain astronomical data retrieval method according to the embodiments of the present disclosure is schematically shown;

[0027] Figure 6B A schematic diagram of the visualization platform LCGAT based on the time-domain astronomical data retrieval method according to the embodiments of the present disclosure is schematically shown;

[0028] Figure 7 A flowchart of the time-domain astronomical database creation method, the time-domain astronomical data retrieval method according to the embodiments of the present disclosure is schematically shown;

[0029] Figure 8 A structural block diagram of the time-domain astronomical database creation device according to the embodiments of the present disclosure is schematically shown;

[0030] Figure 9 A structural block diagram of the time-domain astronomical data retrieval device according to the embodiments of the present disclosure is schematically shown;

[0031] Figure 10 A structural block diagram of the time-domain astronomical data retrieval device according to the embodiments of the present disclosure is schematically shown; and

[0032] Figure 11 A block diagram of an electronic device suitable for implementing the time-domain astronomical database creation method and the time-domain astronomical data retrieval method according to embodiments of the present disclosure is schematically shown.

[0033] In the drawings, the acquisition, storage, and application of images, and the like, are in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and regulations, such as copyright law. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it is to be understood that these descriptions are merely exemplary and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present disclosure. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that one or more embodiments can be practiced without these specific details. In addition, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques have been omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concept of the present disclosure.

[0035] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the present disclosure. As used herein, the term "includes" and "comprises" and the like means the presence of stated features, steps, operations, and / or components but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, or components.

[0036] All terms used herein, including technical and scientific terms, have the meanings commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, unless otherwise defined. It should be noted that the terms used herein should be interpreted as having meanings consistent with the context of the specification, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal manner.

[0037] In the case of using expressions similar to "at least one of A, B, and C, etc.", it should be generally interpreted as including one or more of the items enumerated in the list (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, and C" should include, but not be limited to, a system having A alone, a system having B alone, a system having C alone, a system having both A and B, a system having both A and C, a system having both B and C, and / or a system having A, B, and C, etc.).

[0038] In the technical solutions of the present disclosure, the collection, storage, use, processing, transmission, provision, disclosure, and application of data (such as including but not limited to user personal information) are in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and regulations, necessary security measures are taken, and do not violate public order and good customs.

[0039] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a time-domain astronomical database creation method, comprising: creating a super table, the super table comprising a timestamp, a label and observation data, the label comprising an astronomical object number, a waveband number and a waveband energy range; numbering a plurality of astronomical objects and a plurality of wavebands for each astronomical object, and obtaining respective observation data of each astronomical object in the plurality of wavebands; generating a sub-table for each astronomical object number and each waveband number based on the structure of the super table according to the corresponding observation data, to obtain a plurality of sub-tables, wherein the metadata of each sub-table comprises the corresponding label, each row comprises a timestamp and observation data corresponding to the timestamp, and the observation data comprises a flux density; and creating a time-domain astronomical database, the time-domain astronomical database comprising a time-series database and a relational database, the time-series database comprising the super table and the plurality of sub-tables, and the relational database comprising a plurality of astronomical objects, observation device names for obtaining the observation data and waveband energy ranges of the observation data.

[0040] Figure 1 An application scenario diagram of the time-domain astronomical database creation method and the time-domain astronomical data retrieval method according to embodiments of the present disclosure is schematically shown.

[0041] As shown in Figure 1 The application scenario 100 according to the embodiments can comprise a first terminal device 101, a second terminal device 102, a third terminal device 103, a network 104 and a server 105. The network 104 is a medium for providing a communication link between the first terminal device 101, the second terminal device 102, the third terminal device 103 and the server 105. The network 104 can comprise various connection types, such as wired, wireless communication links or optical fiber cables, etc.

[0042] A user can use at least one of the first terminal device 101, the second terminal device 102 and the third terminal device 103 to interact with the server 105 through the network 104 to receive or send messages, etc. Various communication client applications can be installed on the first terminal device 101, the second terminal device 102 and the third terminal device 103, such as shopping applications, web browser applications, search applications, instant messaging tools, email clients, social platform software, etc. (only as examples).

[0043] The first terminal device 101, the second terminal device 102 and the third terminal device 103 can be various electronic devices with a display screen and supporting web browsing, including but not limited to smartphones, tablet computers, laptop computers and desktop computers, etc.

[0044] Server 105 can be a server that provides various services, such as a backend management server that supports websites browsed by users using the first terminal device 101, the second terminal device 102, and the third terminal device 103 (this is just an example). The backend management server can analyze and process data such as received user requests, and feed back the processing results (such as web pages, information, or data obtained or generated according to user requests) to the terminal devices.

[0045] It should be noted that the time-domain astronomical database creation method and the time-domain astronomical data retrieval method provided in this disclosure embodiment can generally be executed by server 105. Correspondingly, the time-domain astronomical database creation device and the time-domain astronomical data retrieval device provided in this disclosure embodiment can generally be located in server 105. The time-domain astronomical database creation method and the time-domain astronomical data retrieval method provided in this disclosure embodiment can also be executed by a server or server cluster that is different from server 105 and capable of communicating with the first terminal device 101, the second terminal device 102, the third terminal device 103, and / or server 105. Correspondingly, the time-domain astronomical database creation device and the time-domain astronomical data retrieval device provided in this disclosure embodiment can also be located in a server or server cluster that is different from server 105 and capable of communicating with the first terminal device 101, the second terminal device 102, the third terminal device 103, and / or server 105.

[0046] It should be understood that Figure 1 The number of terminal devices, networks, and servers shown is merely illustrative. Depending on implementation needs, any number of terminal devices, networks, and servers can be included.

[0047] The following will be based on Figure 1 The described scene, through Figures 2-7 The time-domain astronomical database creation method and the time-domain astronomical data retrieval method of the disclosed embodiments are described in detail.

[0048] Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating a method for creating a time-domain astronomical database according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown schematically.

[0049] like Figure 2 As shown, the time-domain astronomical database creation method of this embodiment includes operations S210 to S240.

[0050] In operation S210, a super table is created. The super table includes timestamps, labels, and observation data. Labels include celestial object number, band number, and band energy range. The super table serves as a template for generating sub-tables.

[0051] In the time series database model, due to the characteristic of "time uniqueness" in the time series database, the time in each table is used as the primary key and cannot be repeated. However, in astronomical observation, one observation usually contains multiple celestial bodies and multiple wavebands, and these observation data have the same observation time. Therefore, the traditional table building method of the relational database is no longer applicable. When processing the observation data, since the nature of the observation data is light variation data, the time series database structure is designed based on the characteristics of the light variation data, and a table is independently created for each data collection point. In order to facilitate the aggregation between multiple tables, a super table needs to be created for each data type of the collection point. Similar to the standard relational database, each table has a name and fields. As a time series database model, each row must contain a timestamp. In addition, the table can have one or more tags, which are the same for each row in the table and can be regarded as the metadata of the table, used to distinguish different tables under the super table. The structure of the super table is shown in the following table.

[0052]

[0053] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the super table defines three types of columns, namely the timestamp Timestamp, the tag Tag and the observation data Field. The tag can be used as the metadata of the sub-table to distinguish the sub-table, including the celestial body number src_id, the waveband number waveband_id, the waveband energy start value energy_start and the waveband energy end value energy_end, the waveband energy start value and the waveband energy end value being used to represent the waveband energy range of the waveband corresponding to the waveband number; the timestamp is represented by start_time, and the data type is datetime, which is used to represent the start time of one observation action of the observation device; the observation data can include the flux density Flux, which is used to generate the light variation curve. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the observation data further includes the exposure time exposure_time and the flux error flux_err, and the exposure time and the flux error and other parameters can be calculated based on the formula to obtain the physical parameters such as upperlimit for studying the variation trend of the celestial body.

[0054] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, astronomical data and the names of observation devices of data sets can be obtained from multiple observation data sets such as Gaia DR3, Fermi-LAT Fourth Source Catalog, and MAXI / GSC X-Ray source catalog, and the astronomical data includes reference star catalog, energy range, time stamp, and observation data. The reference star catalog includes the names of celestial bodies that can be observed by observation devices, and the observation device names can include Gaia, Fermi, MAXI, and other astronomical telescope names. Since each astronomical telescope observes different energy ranges, the energy ranges of each celestial body that can be observed are also different, and therefore the observation data of each celestial body at different wave bands can be obtained according to different observation devices, which belong to different data sets, and the observation data corresponds to the time stamp one-to-one.

[0055] In operation S220, numbering is performed for multiple celestial bodies and multiple wave bands of each celestial body, and observation data of each celestial body in multiple wave bands is obtained. Each celestial body can include multiple wave bands, and the observation data is classified according to the celestial body number and the wave band number.

[0056] In operation S230, based on the structure of the super table, a sub-table is generated for each celestial body number and each wave band number according to the corresponding observation data, and multiple sub-tables are obtained, wherein the metadata of each sub-table includes the corresponding label, each row includes a time stamp and observation data corresponding to the time stamp, and the observation data includes flux density.

[0057] In embodiments of the present disclosure, each wave band of each celestial body is regarded as a collection point, and a super table is used as a template to specify the specific values of the celestial body number, wave band number, and wave band energy range in the label, and a sub-table is independently created for each collection point. As shown in the following table:

[0058]

[0059] The sub-table contains observation data such as exposure time exposure_time, flux flux, and flux error flux_err, and the observation time start_time is used as the time stamp. The multiple sub-tables are distinguished from each other by the label composed of the celestial body number src_id, the wave band number waveband_id, the wave band energy start value energy_start, and the wave band energy end value energy_end in the label.

[0060] In operation S240, a time-domain astronomical database is created, which includes a time series database and a relational database. The time series database includes a super table and multiple sub-tables, and the relational database includes multiple celestial bodies, the names of observation devices that obtain observation data, and the wave band energy ranges of the observation data.

[0061] Since the observation data is time series data, but the observation data also needs to store the corresponding celestial bodies, wave bands and observation equipment. This kind of data belongs to non-time series data, which can be retrieved in the form of rows. Therefore, the celestial bodies, observation equipment and wave band energy range are stored as metadata of multiple observation data sets such as Gaia DR3, Fermi-LAT Fourth Source Catalog and MAXI / GSC X-Ray source catalog in the relational database.

[0062] For example, the relational database can use PostgreSQL to store the metadata of the observation data set. In the relational database, the celestial body data of the Einstein Probe Satellite Experiment Star (LEIA) and the commonly used star catalog in multiple observation data sets can be stored to obtain the celestial bodies from the relational database. And the observation equipment used in multiple observation data sets and the wave band and wave band energy range observed by each observation equipment to the celestial bodies are stored in the relational database.

[0063] Figure 3 The spatial occupation of the database model and the relational database model of the time-domain astronomical database creation method according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown.

[0064] As shown in Figure 3 The multi-time light curve generation tool (light curve generate in arbitrary time bin, LCGAT) uses the time-domain astronomical database of the present disclosure to store the observation data. The relational based-light curve generate in arbitrary time bin (RB-LCGAT) uses the relational database to store the observation data. Figure 3The horizontal coordinate of the histogram is MAXI, Fermi, and Gaia three observation data sets, and the vertical coordinate is the space occupied. The three groups of histograms correspond to the space occupied by LCGAT and RB-LCGAT for storing data in the three observation data sets. Each group of histograms includes three line columns, the left column is the total storage space occupied by the time-domain astronomical database of the present disclosure, the middle column and the right column are the data storage space and the index storage space when the observation data is stored in the relational database. In order to facilitate comparison, the data storage space of the relational database in the three groups of data is set to 1.0. When comparing the storage space, the data represented by the left column is compared with the sum of the data represented by the right two columns. It can be found that when storing the observation data of the three observation data sets through the time-domain astronomical database of the present disclosure, the storage space used is only 25% of that using the relational database, and the data compression rate reaches 75%.

[0065] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the principle of "computing moving towards data" of the new generation of scientific research platform is adopted, and the time series database model is innovatively applied in astronomical data storage. At present, the storage of astronomical light variation data such as Gaia DR3, Fermi-LAT Fourth Source Catalog and MAXI / GSC X-Ray source catalog has been realized. Compared with the relational database, the data compression rate reaches 75%, and there is a significant advantage in data storage space occupation.

[0066] Figure 4 A flowchart of a time-domain astronomical data retrieval method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown.

[0067] As shown in Figure 4 The time-domain astronomical data retrieval method of this embodiment includes operation S410 to operation S440.

[0068] In operation S410, a target celestial body, an energy range, and a time range are obtained, wherein the target celestial body is selected from a celestial body distribution map or a celestial body table.

[0069] Before generating the light curve of the target celestial body, the observation data of the target celestial body within a certain energy range and time range needs to be obtained, so the user needs to select parameters such as the target celestial body and the energy range and the time range. The target celestial body can be obtained by obtaining the celestial body name and retrieving the target celestial body according to the celestial body name.

[0070] In some embodiments, the target celestial body can also be obtained by conical retrieval. The target coordinate and the retrieval radius are obtained; the conical retrieval range is determined according to the target coordinate and the retrieval radius; the retrieval celestial body located in the retrieval range is retrieved from the time-domain astronomical database; and the celestial body distribution map and the celestial body table are generated according to the retrieval celestial body. Based on the selection of the user in the celestial body distribution map or the celestial body table, the target celestial body is obtained.

[0071] For example, in the case where the user sets the target coordinates and the search radius, the target coordinates (RA, DEC) and the search radius are obtained, a cone is made with the user position as the vertex, the target coordinates as the bottom center, and the search radius as the bottom radius, the range covered by the cone is the range of the cone search, the search celestial bodies in the range of the cone are obtained from the time-domain astronomical database as the to-be-selected items, and the user is waited to select the target celestial body from the search celestial bodies.

[0072] In operation S420, a plurality of target wave bands of the target celestial body in the energy range are obtained from the time-domain astronomical database according to the target celestial body and the energy range, wherein the time-domain astronomical database is created according to the time-domain astronomical database creation method.

[0073] Since each celestial body includes a plurality of wave bands in different energy ranges, it is necessary to select the target wave bands in which the target celestial body is located from the time-domain astronomical database.

[0074] For example, the A celestial body includes three wave bands, the wave band energy range of the wave band 1 is 3e+5keV to 1e+6keV, the wave band energy range of the wave band 2 is 1e+5keV to 3e+8keV, and the wave band energy range of the wave band 3 is 1e+6keV to 3e+8keV. When the energy range is 2e+5keV to 3e+8keV, the wave band 1 and the wave band 3 are selected as the target wave bands.

[0075] In operation S430, a target sub-table corresponding to each target wave band of the target celestial body is retrieved from the time-domain astronomical database based on the celestial body number corresponding to the target celestial body and the wave band number corresponding to each target wave band in the plurality of target wave bands.

[0076] For example, the celestial body number of the A celestial body is src_id=1, and the wave band numbers of the wave band 1 and the wave band 3 are waveband_id=1 and waveband_id=3, respectively. Based on the celestial body number and the wave band number, two corresponding target sub-tables are retrieved from the time-domain astronomical database. The label of the sub-table corresponding to the wave band 1 of the A celestial body is: src_id=1, waveband_id=1, energy_start=300000, energy_end=1000000. The label of the sub-table corresponding to the wave band 3 of the A celestial body is: src_id=1, waveband_id=3, energy_start=1000000, energy_end=300000000.

[0077] In operation S440, a plurality of flux densities in the time range are retrieved from the target sub-table according to the time range.

[0078] For example, the time range of the acquired data is from October 23, 2012 to April 7, 2022. The time range is compared with the time stamp of each observation data in the target sub-table. The observation data whose time stamp is within the time range is taken as the retrieval result, and the flow density in the observation data within the time range is obtained.

[0079] Figure 5 A data retrieval time histogram of the time-domain astronomical data retrieval method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown.

[0080] As shown in Figure 5 The horizontal coordinate in the histogram is the retrieval time (seconds), and the vertical coordinate is the retrieval frequency. The present disclosure applies the time series database model to the observation data retrieval. Compared with the relational database, the horizontal coordinate in the figure is divided by 0.03. The retrieval time distribution of the present disclosure for retrieving the observation data is on the left side of 0.03. The left dashed line represents the average time of the present disclosure for retrieving the observation data. The retrieval time distribution of the relational database for retrieving the observation data is on the right side of 0.03. The right dashed line represents the average time of the relational database for retrieving the observation data. Therefore, the present disclosure also has a significant advantage in the retrieval speed of data. Compared with the relational database, the retrieval speed is improved by 2 times.

[0081] Figure 6A And Figure 6B A schematic diagram of the visualization platform LCGAT based on the time-domain astronomical data retrieval method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown.

[0082] As shown in Figure 6A The celestial body selection area of LCGAT is shown. The celestial body selection area includes a celestial body distribution map 610 and a celestial body table 620. According to the conical retrieval, the retrieved celestial bodies within the retrieval range are displayed in the celestial body distribution map 610, and all celestial bodies are displayed in the celestial body table 620, which helps the user to select the target celestial body therefrom.

[0083] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, in the case that the target celestial body is selected from the celestial body distribution map, the target celestial body is correspondingly displayed in the celestial body table; in the case that the target celestial body is selected from the celestial body table, the corresponding target celestial body is selected and highlighted in the celestial body distribution map.

[0084] For example, celestial object selection areas can be built using the JavaScript libraries Tabulator.js and Aladin Lite. Aladin Lite is an astronomical data visualization tool that can load and display sky images and celestial data in celestial distribution maps, providing a user-friendly interface including zooming, panning, and target object selection. Tabulator.js is a JavaScript library focused on creating interactive tables, offering excellent scalability and interactivity. Furthermore, by combining the APIs and event hooks of Tabulator.js and Aladin Lite, two-way data binding between celestial distribution maps and celestial tables can be achieved. When a user selects a target celestial object from either the distribution map or the table, the selected object will be marked in the other selection area, enhancing the user experience. Users can input target coordinates, select target celestial objects based on cone search results, or use intuitive drag-and-zoom operations to find target celestial objects on the distribution map or select them from the table. When a user selects a target celestial object from the table, Aladin Lite will center and highlight that object on the distribution map.

[0085] like Figure 6B The image shows the LCGAT light curve generation area, which includes a parameter adjustment area 630, a table generation area 640, and a line graph generation area 650. Users can adjust the energy range, time range, and unit time period in the parameter adjustment area.

[0086] Based on the selected target celestial body, multiple target bands are obtained from a time-domain astronomical database according to their energy and time ranges. In some embodiments, the observation device name and band energy range for each target band are obtained from the time-domain astronomical database; based on the band number, observation device name, and band energy range for each target band, a band distribution table of the target celestial body is generated in the table generation area 640. Wherein, as... Figure 6B As shown, the table includes band numbers 5, 6, and 7, the observation equipment Fermi, and the starting and ending values ​​of the band energy for each band.

[0087] In some embodiments of this disclosure, a unit time period is obtained; based on the flow density of each target band within the time range, the average flow density of each unit time period within the time range is obtained, wherein the average flow density is obtained by averaging multiple flow densities within each unit time period.

[0088] For example, Quasar.js and Echarts.js can be used for construction. Quasar.js is a Vue.js-based framework that provides a set of Vue components for building user interfaces. Echarts.js is a js-based chart library that can dynamically generate various types of charts such as line charts. The parameters selected by the user are: the energy range is 1.00e-8 to 1.00e+8 keV, the time range is from October 23, 2012 to April 7, 2022, and the unit time is 50 days. Based on the energy range and the time range, the target waveband and the corresponding flux density that meet the conditions are retrieved, and the flux density of each target waveband in every 50 days is divided into a group, and the average flux density of each group is calculated.

[0089] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, after calculating the average flux density of the multiple target wavebands in the time range, a light curve of the target celestial body in the multiple target wavebands in the time range is generated, that is, a light curve is obtained, and a light curve statistical chart is obtained.

[0090] In some embodiments, if multiple target wavebands of the target celestial body are retrieved through parameters, but only one light curve of the target waveband is wanted to be viewed. The selection can be made through a waveband distribution table or a light curve statistical chart, for example, any item in the waveband distribution table is selected, or selection is made from the icons of the light curve statistical chart.

[0091] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, in response to at least one of the target celestial body, the energy range, the time range, and the unit time period being changed, a new waveband distribution table and / or a light curve are generated according to the new target celestial body, the energy range, the time range, and the unit time period.

[0092] For example, the user can dynamically generate a light curve by adjusting the parameters in real time. In the case where a light curve statistical chart has been generated, the user adjusts the time range, and a light curve of the new time range can be obtained. The user adjusts the unit time, and a new light curve obtained by calculating the average flux density with the new unit time can be obtained.

[0093] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, at the back end of the LCGAT, an application program interface (API) service built based on a Flask framework can also be adopted. In addition to the interfaces supporting the front-end functions such as conical retrieval, dataset retrieval, and light curve generation, the back-end application layer API also provides APIs related to statistical features of light curves to support the research on burst source identification and the like, so that users can obtain and analyze the statistical features of light variation data, thereby more deeply studying the variation trend of celestial bodies. Users can not only visually operate on the interactive Web page, adjust the light variation generation parameters, and visually observe and understand the variation trend of light variation data under different parameters, but also perform more complex and in-depth scientific research such as burst source identification and variable source period extraction through the API. The present disclosure provides a multi-dimensional scientific research tool for users, and users can perform personalized data analysis and processing according to specific needs.

[0094] Figure 7 The flowchart of the time-domain astronomical database creation method and the time-domain astronomical data retrieval method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown.

[0095] As shown in Figure 7 the time-domain astronomical database creation method and the time-domain astronomical data retrieval method of this embodiment include operation S701 to operation S707.

[0096] In operation S701, a super table is created. Each band of each celestial body is determined as a collection point, and the celestial body and the band are taken as labels.

[0097] In operation S702, astronomical data of a plurality of observation data sets are obtained. The astronomical data can include the name of the celestial body, the band energy range, the time stamp, and the observation data.

[0098] In operation S703, a sub-table is created based on the super table and the astronomical data. Different sub-tables are distinguished by labels, and the sub-tables are generated according to the observation data belonging to the same label.

[0099] In operation S704, a time-domain astronomical database is created based on the super table, the sub-table, and the observation data set.

[0100] In operation S705, a target celestial body and retrieval parameters are obtained. The retrieval parameters include a time range, an energy range, and a unit time.

[0101] In operation S706, a target band and an average flux density are obtained from the time-domain astronomical database based on the target celestial body and the retrieval parameters.

[0102] In operation S707, a band distribution table and a light curve statistical chart are generated based on the target band and the average flux density.

[0103] Based on the time-domain astronomical database creation method described above, the present disclosure further provides a time-domain astronomical database creation device. The following will be described in detail in combination with Figure 8 The device is described in detail.

[0104] Figure 8 The structure block diagram of the time-domain astronomical database creation device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown.

[0105] As Figure 8 shown, the time-domain astronomical database creation device 800 of the embodiment includes a first creation module 810, a numbering module 820, a generation module 830 and a second creation module 840.

[0106] The first creation module 810 is configured to create a super table, the super table including a timestamp, a label and observation data, the label including a celestial body number, a wave band number and a wave band energy range. In an embodiment, the first creation module 810 can be configured to perform the operation S210 described above, which will not be repeated here.

[0107] The numbering module 820 is configured to number a plurality of celestial bodies and a plurality of wave bands of each celestial body, and obtain respective observation data of each celestial body in the plurality of wave bands. In an embodiment, the numbering module 820 can be configured to perform the operation S220 described above, which will not be repeated here.

[0108] The generation module 830 is configured to generate a sub table according to the observation data corresponding to each celestial body number and each wave band number based on the structure of the super table, to obtain a plurality of sub tables, wherein the metadata of each sub table includes the corresponding label, each row includes a timestamp and observation data corresponding to the timestamp, and the observation data includes a flux density. In an embodiment, the generation module 830 can be configured to perform the operation S230 described above, which will not be repeated here.

[0109] The second creation module 840 is configured to create a time-domain astronomical database, the time-domain astronomical database including a time series database and a relational database, the time series database including the super table and the plurality of sub tables, and the relational database including a plurality of celestial bodies, an observation device name for obtaining the observation data and a wave band energy range of the observation data. In an embodiment, the second creation module 840 can be configured to perform the operation S240 described above, which will not be repeated here.

[0110] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, any of the first creating module 810, the numbering module 820, the generating module 830 and the second creating module 840 can be implemented in one module, or any of them can be split into multiple modules. Alternatively, at least part of the function of one or more of these modules can be combined with at least part of the function of other modules and implemented in one module. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, at least one of the first creating module 810, the numbering module 820, the generating module 830 and the second creating module 840 can be at least partially implemented as a hardware circuit, such as a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic array (PLA), a system on chip, a system on board, a system on package, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or any other reasonable way of hardware or firmware that can be integrated or packaged with a circuit, or implemented in any one of software, hardware and firmware or in a proper combination of any of them. Alternatively, at least one of the first creating module 810, the numbering module 820, the generating module 830 and the second creating module 840 can be at least partially implemented as a computer program module that can perform corresponding functions when the computer program module is run.

[0111] Figure 9 A structure block diagram of the time-domain astronomical data retrieval device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown.

[0112] As shown in Figure 9 the time-domain astronomical data retrieval device 900 of the embodiment includes a parameter obtaining module 910, a waveband obtaining module 920, a first retrieval module 930 and a second retrieval module 940.

[0113] The parameter obtaining module 910 is configured to obtain a target celestial body, an energy range and a time range, wherein the target celestial body is selected from a celestial body distribution map or a celestial body table. In an embodiment, the parameter obtaining module 910 can be configured to perform the operation S310 described above, and details are not repeated here.

[0114] The waveband obtaining module 920 is configured to obtain, according to the target celestial body and the energy range, a plurality of target wavebands of the target celestial body in the energy range from a time-domain astronomical database, wherein the time-domain astronomical database is created according to the time-domain astronomical database creating method. In an embodiment, the waveband obtaining module 920 can be configured to perform the operation S320 described above, and details are not repeated here.

[0115] The first retrieval module 930 is configured to retrieve, based on the celestial body number corresponding to the target celestial body and the wave band number corresponding to each target wave band in the plurality of target wave bands, a target sub-table corresponding to each target wave band of the target celestial body from the time-domain astronomical database. In an embodiment, the first retrieval module 930 can be configured to perform the operation S330 described above, and details are not repeated here.

[0116] The second retrieval module 940 is configured to retrieve, from the target sub-table, a plurality of flux densities in the time range according to the time range. In an embodiment, the second retrieval module 940 can be configured to perform the operation S330 described above, and details are not repeated here.

[0117] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, any one or more of the parameter acquisition module 910, the wave band acquisition module 920, the first retrieval module 930, and the second retrieval module 940 can be combined in one module, or any one of them can be split into multiple modules. Alternatively, at least part of the function of one or more of these modules can be combined with at least part of the function of the other modules, and implemented in one module. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, at least one of the parameter acquisition module 910, the wave band acquisition module 920, the first retrieval module 930, and the second retrieval module 940 can be at least partially implemented as a hardware circuit, such as a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic array (PLA), a system on chip, a system on board, a system on package, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or any other reasonable way of integrating or packaging a circuit, etc. hardware or firmware, or any one of software, hardware and firmware or any appropriate combination of any of them. Alternatively, at least one of the parameter acquisition module 910, the wave band acquisition module 920, the first retrieval module 930, and the second retrieval module 940 can be at least partially implemented as a computer program module which can perform corresponding functions when executed.

[0118] Figure 10 The structure block diagram of the time-domain astronomical data retrieval device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown.

[0119] As shown in Figure 10 , the architecture of the time-domain astronomical data retrieval device 1000 includes a user layer 1010, an application layer 1020, and a data layer 1030.

[0120] The data layer 1030 includes a relational database and a time series database, configured to store celestial body data, observation equipment, and observation data required for retrieval.

[0121] The application layer 1020 is configured to retrieve celestial data and observation data from the data layer 1030 according to the retrieval parameters, and generate light curves according to the retrieved observation data. An API constructed in the backend of the application layer can retrieve and provide other data based on specific requirements of a user.

[0122] The user layer 1010 constructs a complete interactive interface LCGAT through APIs of various components, and provides a user with an intuitive and easy-to-operate web platform.

[0123] Figure 11 A block diagram of an electronic device suitable for implementing the time-domain astronomical database creation method and the time-domain astronomical data retrieval method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown.

[0124] As shown in Figure 11 The electronic device 1100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a processor 1101, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to programs stored in a read-only memory (ROM) 1102 or loaded into a random access memory (RAM) 1103 from a storage portion 1108. The processor 1101 can include, for example, a general-purpose microprocessor (such as a CPU), an instruction set processor, and / or a related chipset, and / or a special-purpose microprocessor (such as an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)), and the like. The processor 1101 can also include on-board memory for cache use. The processor 1101 can include a single processing unit or multiple processing units for performing different actions of the method processes according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0125] In the RAM 1103, various programs and data required for operation of the electronic device 1100 are stored. The processor 1101, the ROM 1102, and the RAM 1103 are connected to each other through a bus 1104. The processor 1101 performs various operations of the method processes according to embodiments of the present disclosure by executing programs in the ROM 1102 and / or the RAM 1103. It should be noted that the programs can also be stored in one or more memories other than the ROM 1102 and the RAM 1103. The processor 1101 can also perform various operations of the method processes according to embodiments of the present disclosure by executing programs stored in the one or more memories.

[0126] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the electronic device 1100 can further include an input / output (I / O) interface 1105 that is also connected to the bus 1104. The electronic device 1100 can further include one or more of the following components connected to the I / O interface 1105: an input part 1106 including, for example, a keyboard and a mouse; an output part 1107 including, for example, a cathode ray tube (CRT), a liquid crystal display (LCD), and a speaker; a storage part 1108 including, for example, a hard disk; and a communication part 1109 including, for example, a LAN card, a modem, and the like. The communication part 1109 performs communication processing via a network such as the Internet. A drive 1110 is also connected to the I / O interface 1105 as necessary. A removable medium 1111 such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, a semiconductor memory, and the like is mounted on the drive 1110 as necessary, so that a computer program read therefrom is installed in the storage part 1108 as necessary.

[0127] The present disclosure also provides a computer readable storage medium, which can be included in the device / apparatus / system described in the above embodiments, or can exist separately without being assembled into the device / apparatus / system. The above computer readable storage medium carries one or more programs, which, when executed, implement the method according to the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0128] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the computer readable storage medium can be a non-volatile computer readable storage medium, for example, which can include, but is not limited to, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any appropriate combination thereof. In the present disclosure, the computer readable storage medium can be any tangible medium that contains or stores a program that can be used by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. For example, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the computer readable storage medium can include one or more memories such as the ROM 1102 and / or the RAM 1103 described above and / or one or more memory other than the ROM 1102 and the RAM 1103.

[0129] The embodiments of the present disclosure also include a computer program product, which includes a computer program containing program codes for executing the methods shown in the flowcharts. When the computer program product is run in a computer system, the program codes are used to make the computer system implement the time domain astronomical database creation method and the time domain astronomical data retrieval method provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0130] The above-described functions of the system / device defined in the system / apparatus of the embodiments of the present disclosure are performed when the computer program is executed by the processor 1101. According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, the system, apparatus, module, unit, etc. described above can be implemented by the computer program modules.

[0131] In one embodiment, the computer program can be stored in a tangible storage medium, such as an optical, magnetic, or other memory on a hard disk drive, solid-state drive, or other storage device. In another embodiment, the computer program can be transmitted over a network, using a wireless or wired communication protocol, and be downloaded and installed by the communication portion 1109 and / or from the removable medium 1111. The program code embodied in the computer program can be transmitted using any suitable network medium, including, but not limited to, wireless, wired, or any suitable combination of the above.

[0132] In such an embodiment, the computer program can be downloaded and installed from the network through the communication portion 1109 and / or from the removable medium 1111. When the computer program is executed by the processor 1101, the above-described functions of the system defined in the embodiments of the present disclosure are performed. According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, the system, apparatus, device, module, unit, etc. described above can be implemented by the computer program modules.

[0133] According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, the program code for execution of the computer program provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure can be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, and specifically, can be implemented using a high-level procedural and / or object-oriented programming language, and / or an assembly / machine language. The programming language includes, but is not limited to, a programming language such as Java, C++, Python, "C" language, or a similar programming language. The program code can be executed entirely on the user computing device, partially on the user device, partially on a remote computing device, or entirely on a remote computing device or server. In the case of a remote computing device, the remote computing device can be connected to the user computing device through any kind of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or can be connected to an external computing device (for example, connected through the Internet using an Internet service provider).

[0134] The computer program product of the first aspect can include one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing instructions that, when executed, cause one or more processors to perform the operations of the first aspect. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media can include, for example, magnetic media such as one or more magnetic disks, magnetic tapes or cassettes; optical media such as one or more compact discs (CD), optical discs or discs (for example, DVD, Blu-ray Disc®, digital video disc, ultra density disc, ultra-compact disc, any optical media, etc.); semiconductor media such as solid state hard drives (for example, flash memory, solid state USB drives, etc.); any other suitable medium; or any suitable combination of media.

[0135] Those skilled in the art will understand that features of the various embodiments and / or claims of the present disclosure can be combined or / and integrated with one another, even though such a combination or integration is not expressly disclosed in the present disclosure. In particular, the features of the various embodiments and / or claims of the present disclosure can be combined and / or integrated with one another in any number of ways, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. All such combinations and / or integrations are within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0136] The above describes embodiments of the present disclosure. However, these embodiments are merely for illustrative purposes, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Although each embodiment is described above separately, this does not mean that the measures in each embodiment cannot be used advantageously in combination. The scope of the present disclosure is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents. Those skilled in the art can make various substitutions and modifications without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, and all such substitutions and modifications shall fall within the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A method for creating a time-domain astronomical database, the method comprising: creating a super table comprising a timestamp, a label, and observation data, the label comprising a celestial body number, a waveband number, and a waveband energy range; numbering a plurality of celestial bodies and a plurality of wavebands for each celestial body, and obtaining observation data of each celestial body in the plurality of wavebands; generating a plurality of sub-tables based on the structure of the super table, according to the observation data corresponding to each celestial body number and each waveband number, wherein the metadata of each sub-table comprises the corresponding label, each row comprises a timestamp and observation data corresponding to the timestamp, and the observation data comprises flux density; creating a time-domain astronomical database comprising a time-series database and a relational database, the time-series database comprising the super table and the plurality of sub-tables, and the relational database comprising the plurality of celestial bodies, observation device names for obtaining the observation data, and waveband energy ranges of the observation data.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: obtaining astronomical data, observation device names, the astronomical data comprising the plurality of celestial bodies, a plurality of waveband energy ranges, the timestamp, and the observation data, through a plurality of data sets.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein, The observation data further comprises exposure time and flux error.

4. A method for retrieving time-domain astronomical data, the method comprising: obtaining a target celestial body, an energy range, and a time range, wherein the target celestial body is selected from a celestial body distribution map or a celestial body table; obtaining a plurality of target wavebands of the target celestial body in the energy range from a time-domain astronomical database according to the target celestial body and the energy range, wherein the time-domain astronomical database is created according to the method of claim 1; retrieving a target sub-table corresponding to each target waveband of the target celestial body from the time-domain astronomical database based on a celestial body number corresponding to the target celestial body and a waveband number corresponding to each target waveband; retrieving a plurality of flux densities in the time range from the target sub-table.

5. The method of claim 4, further comprising: obtaining target coordinates and a retrieval radius; determining a retrieval range according to the target coordinates and the retrieval radius; retrieving retrieval celestial bodies located in the retrieval range from the time-domain astronomical database; generating the celestial body distribution map and the celestial body table according to the retrieval celestial bodies.

6. The method of claim 4 or 5, further comprising, after the obtaining of the target celestial body: in the case that the target celestial body is selected from the celestial body distribution map, displaying the target celestial body in the celestial body table; in the case that the target celestial body is selected from the celestial body table, selecting and highlighting the corresponding target celestial body in the celestial body distribution map.

7. The method of claim 4, further comprising: obtaining observation device names and waveband energy ranges of each target waveband from the time-domain astronomical database according to the plurality of target wavebands. generating a band distribution table of the target celestial body according to the band number of each target band, the observation device name and the band energy range.

8. The method of claim 4, further comprising: acquiring a unit time period; obtaining an average flux density of each unit time period within the time range according to the flux density of each target band within the time range, wherein the average flux density is obtained by calculating an average of a plurality of flux densities within each unit time period.

9. The method of claim 8, further comprising: generating a light curve of a plurality of target bands of the target celestial body within the time range according to the average flux density of the plurality of target bands of the target celestial body within the time range, to obtain a light curve statistical chart.

10. The method of claim 9, further comprising: obtaining a to-be-viewed band from the plurality of target bands, the to-be-viewed band being selected by the band distribution table or the light curve statistical chart; displaying the light curve of the to-be-viewed band in the light curve statistical chart.

11. The method of claim 8, further comprising: in response to at least one value of the target celestial body, the energy range, the time range and the unit time period being changed, generating a new band distribution table and / or a light curve according to new target celestial body, energy range, time range and unit time period.

12. A time-domain astronomical database creation apparatus, comprising: a first creation module configured to create a super table, the super table comprising a time stamp, a label and observation data, the label comprising a celestial body number, a band number and a band energy range; a numbering module configured to number a plurality of celestial bodies and a plurality of bands of each celestial body, and to obtain respective observation data of each celestial body within the plurality of bands; a generation module configured to generate a plurality of sub-tables based on a structure of the super table according to the observation data corresponding to each celestial body number and each band number, respectively, wherein metadata of each sub-table comprises a corresponding label, each row comprises a time stamp and observation data corresponding to the time stamp, and the observation data comprises a flux density; and a second creation module configured to create a time-domain astronomical database, the time-domain astronomical database comprising a time-series database and a relational database, the time-series database comprising the super table and the plurality of sub-tables, and the relational database comprising the plurality of celestial bodies, an observation device name for obtaining the observation data and a band energy range of the observation data.

13. A time-domain astronomical data retrieval apparatus, comprising: a parameter acquisition module configured to acquire a target celestial body, an energy range and a time range, wherein the target celestial body is selected from a celestial body distribution chart or a celestial body table; a band acquisition module configured to acquire a plurality of target bands of the target celestial body within the energy range from a time-domain astronomical database according to the target celestial body and the energy range, wherein the time-domain astronomical database is created according to the method of claim 1. ​ The first retrieval module is configured to retrieve, based on the celestial body number corresponding to the target celestial body and the wave band number corresponding to each target wave band of the target celestial body, a target sub-table corresponding to each target wave band of the target celestial body from the time-domain astronomical database. and The second retrieval module is configured to retrieve, from the target sub-table, a plurality of flux densities within the time range according to the time range. 14.An electronic device, comprising: one or more processors; a memory device for storing one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs, when executed by the one or more processors, enable the one or more processors to perform the method according to any one of claims 1-11. 15.A computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the method according to any one of claims 1-11. 16.A computer program product comprising a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method according to any one of claims 1-11.

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