Method for converting spent lithium batteries into safe solid waste

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of waste lithium battery processing, and specifically discloses a method for changing waste lithium batteries into safe solid waste, which comprises the following steps: conveying waste lithium batteries treated by an oxygen-free crusher to the furnace pipe of a drying furnace for drying, and then conveying the waste lithium batteries to a first sorting system for first sorting; conveying the materials sorted for the first time to the furnace pipe of a pyrolysis furnace for pyrolysis, and then conveying the materials to a second sorting system for second sorting; conveying the waste gas generated in the drying furnace and the pyrolysis furnace into a combustion furnace for combustion treatment, and conveying the heat released by combustion in the form of hot air to the heating chamber of the drying furnace and the pyrolysis furnace for auxiliary heating. The heat generated by waste gas combustion is fully utilized, and the heat is conveyed into the heating chamber in the form of hot air to assist the drying furnace and the pyrolysis furnace in heating, so that the energy used in the heating process of the drying furnace and the pyrolysis furnace can be reduced, the purpose of energy saving is achieved, and the heat generated by waste gas combustion is recycled.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of waste lithium battery processing, and more particularly to a method for changing waste lithium batteries into safe solid waste. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the process of changing waste lithium batteries into safe solid waste, when the materials are dried and pyrolyzed, the waste gas generated needs to be subjected to high-temperature combustion to treat the organic matter in the waste gas. The flue gas generated after combustion needs to be subjected to quenching treatment, that is, the temperature is rapidly controlled below 200 degrees Celsius. After quenching treatment, the acid gas is purified and absorbed through water washing and reducing washing (defluorination treatment). Finally, after carbon adsorption, the emission reaches the standard. The waste water after defluorination can be returned to the quenching treatment process for quenching spray water, realizing zero discharge of waste water.

[0003] Since the materials need to be heated when they are dried and pyrolyzed, a large amount of energy will be undoubtedly wasted. In the high-temperature combustion process of waste gas treatment, a large amount of heat is generated by combustion. Therefore, recycling the heat generated by combustion can reduce the use of energy in the heating process to achieve the purpose of energy saving. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a method for changing waste lithium batteries into safe solid waste to at least partially solve the problems in the prior art. SUMMARY

[0004] A series of simplified concepts are introduced in the summary section, which will be further described in detail in the specific embodiment section. The summary section of the present application does not mean to attempt to limit the key features and necessary technical features of the claimed technical solution, nor to attempt to determine the protection scope of the claimed technical solution.

[0005] To at least partially solve the above problems, the present application provides a method for changing waste lithium batteries into safe solid waste, comprising:

[0006] The waste lithium batteries are transported to the furnace tube of the drying furnace for drying after being treated by the oxygen-free crusher, and then transported to the first sorting system for the first sorting;

[0007] The materials after the first sorting are transported to the furnace tube of the pyrolysis furnace for pyrolysis, and then transported to the second sorting system for the second sorting;

[0008] The waste gas generated in the drying furnace and the pyrolysis furnace is introduced into the combustion furnace for combustion treatment. The heat released by combustion is transported to the heating chamber of the drying furnace and the pyrolysis furnace in the form of hot air for auxiliary heating.

[0009] Preferably, the heating chambers of the drying furnace and the pyrolysis furnace are both heated by electric heating components arranged at the top and bottom of the rotating furnace tube, and the heating temperature of the electric heating components is automatically adjusted by the control module according to the temperature of the hot air supplied into the heating chamber, so that the heating temperature of the material in the furnace tube meets the preset temperature.

[0010] Preferably, the heating temperature of the pyrolysis furnace is higher than that of the drying furnace, and the hot air discharged from the combustion furnace is first supplied into the heating chamber of the pyrolysis furnace for auxiliary heating, and then discharged from the heating chamber of the pyrolysis furnace and supplied into the heating chamber of the drying furnace for auxiliary heating.

[0011] Preferably, the hot air outlet pipe of the combustion furnace is connected to the heating chamber of the pyrolysis furnace through a first air supply pipe, the heating chamber of the pyrolysis furnace is also connected to a first air return pipe, the heating chamber of the drying furnace is connected to the first air return pipe through a second air supply pipe, and the heating chamber of the drying furnace is also connected to a second air return pipe, which is connected to the circulating hot air inlet pipe of the combustion furnace.

[0012] Preferably, the first air return pipe is sleeved outside the first air supply pipe to form a double-layer pipe, the second air return pipe is sleeved outside the second air supply pipe to form a double-layer pipe, and the first air return pipe is connected to the second air supply pipe.

[0013] Preferably, the working chamber of the combustion furnace is provided with a spiral pipe, the spiral pipe is connected to the circulating hot air inlet pipe and the hot air outlet pipe respectively, and the circulating hot air inlet pipe is also bypassed by a supplementary air inlet pipe; one side of the combustion furnace is provided with a fuel inlet pipe, which is arranged parallel to the axis of the spiral pipe; the combustion furnace is provided with a plurality of waste gas inlet pipes arranged radially and parallel to the spiral pipe, which are connected to the waste gas outlet of the furnace tube, the waste gas inlet pipes extend into the working chamber, the plurality of waste gas inlet pipes are divided into a plurality of groups, the waste gas inlet pipes in each group are distributed along the axis of the spiral pipe, and each group has at least four waste gas inlet pipes; the top of the combustion furnace is provided with a smoke exhaust pipe connected to the working chamber.

[0014] Preferably, the circulating hot air inlet pipe is also bypassed by a hot air branch pipe, and the inner wall of the working chamber is provided with a heat preservation structure layer, the other end of the hot air branch pipe is connected to the heat preservation structure layer for supplying circulating hot air into the heat preservation structure layer.

[0015] The heat preservation structure layer comprises a perforated plate forming a cavity with the inner wall of the working chamber, a flow guide layer arranged between the perforated plate and the inner wall of the working chamber, an outer temperature insulation cavity connected to the hot air branch pipe and formed between the inner wall of the working chamber and the flow guide layer, and an inner temperature insulation cavity formed between the flow guide layer and the perforated plate, the hot air supplied into the outer temperature insulation cavity by the hot air branch pipe is guided to the perforated plate by the flow guide layer, and then supplied into the working chamber by the perforated plate to provide oxygen required for combustion in the working chamber.

[0016] Preferably, the flow guide layer comprises: a plurality of first flow guide plates spaced along the wall surface of the hole plate, the cross section of the first flow guide plate is trapezoidal, a plurality of first flow guide holes are arranged on the two side walls of the first flow guide plate, a second flow guide plate is connected between two adjacent first flow guide plates, a second flow guide hole is arranged on the second flow guide plate, a first flow guide space is formed between the two first flow guide plates, the second flow guide plate and the hole plate, a second flow guide space is formed between the first flow guide plate and the hole plate, and a third flow guide hole arranged on the hole plate is in communication with the second flow guide space.

[0017] Preferably, the flow guide layer comprises: a concave-convex curved plate, a plurality of convex arc surfaces and a plurality of concave arc surfaces are uniformly and spacedly arranged on the concave-convex curved plate, wherein four convex arc surfaces on one side of the concave-convex curved plate form a concave arc surface, and four concave arc surfaces on the other side of the concave-convex curved plate form a convex arc surface; and a fourth flow guide hole is arranged on the convex arc surface formed on the side of the concave-convex curved plate close to the hole plate, and a third flow guide hole arranged on the hole plate corresponds to the concave arc surface formed on the side of the concave-convex curved plate close to the hole plate.

[0018] Preferably, a reducing pipe is arranged in the waste gas inlet pipe, the diameters of two ends of the reducing pipe are greater than the diameter of the middle of the reducing pipe, an air inlet hole is arranged in the middle of the reducing pipe, the air inlet hole is arranged in the working chamber and close to the hole plate, and an air outlet hole is arranged on the end of the waste gas inlet pipe extending into the working chamber.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0020] The method for changing waste lithium batteries into safe solid waste fully utilizes the heat generated by waste gas combustion in the form of hot air into the heating chamber to assist the drying oven and the pyrolysis furnace in heating, so that the energy used in the heating process of the drying oven and the pyrolysis furnace can be reduced, the purpose of energy saving is achieved, and the recycling of the heat generated by waste gas combustion is realized.

[0021] The method for changing waste lithium batteries into safe solid waste, other advantages, objects and characteristics of the present application will be embodied in part through the following description, and part will be understood by those skilled in the art through research and practice of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0022] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present application, and constitute a part of the specification, together with the embodiments of the present application, to explain the present application, and do not constitute a limitation on the present application. In the drawings:

[0023] Figure 1 The full-process recovery treatment line schematic diagram of the method for changing waste lithium batteries into safe solid waste;

[0024] Figure 2Structure diagram of furnace tube and heating chamber in the method for changing waste lithium battery into safe solid waste according to the present application;

[0025] Figure 3 Structure diagram of internal structure of combustion furnace in the method for changing waste lithium battery into safe solid waste according to the present application;

[0026] Figure 4 Structure diagram of pipeline connecting combustion furnace, pyrolysis furnace and drying furnace in the method for changing waste lithium battery into safe solid waste according to the present application;

[0027] Figure 5 Top view sectional structure diagram of one structure of second air supply pipe and second air return pipe (first air supply pipe and first air return pipe) in the method for changing waste lithium battery into safe solid waste according to the present application;

[0028] Figure 6 Top view sectional structure diagram of another structure of second air supply pipe and second air return pipe (first air supply pipe and first air return pipe) in the method for changing waste lithium battery into safe solid waste according to the present application;

[0029] Figure 7 Front view structure diagram of another structure of second air supply pipe and second air return pipe (first air supply pipe and first air return pipe) in the method for changing waste lithium battery into safe solid waste according to the present application;

[0030] Figure 8 Structure diagram of waste gas inlet pipe and partial heat preservation structure layer in the method for changing waste lithium battery into safe solid waste according to the present application;

[0031] Figure 9 Three-dimensional structure diagram of first structure of flow guide layer in the method for changing waste lithium battery into safe solid waste according to the present application;

[0032] Figure 10 Sectional structure diagram of first structure of flow guide layer in the method for changing waste lithium battery into safe solid waste according to the present application;

[0033] Figure 11 Three-dimensional structure diagram of second structure of flow guide layer in the method for changing waste lithium battery into safe solid waste according to the present application;

[0034] Figure 12 Three-dimensional structure diagram of concave-convex curved plate in the method for changing waste lithium battery into safe solid waste according to the present application;

[0035] Figure 13 Sectional structure diagram of second structure of flow guide layer in the method for changing waste lithium battery into safe solid waste according to the present application; Detailed Implementation

[0036] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can implement it based on the description.

[0037] It should be understood that terms such as “having,” “comprising,” and “including” as used herein do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or combinations thereof.

[0038] like Figures 1-2 As shown, the present invention provides a method for converting waste lithium batteries into safe solid waste, comprising:

[0039] Waste lithium batteries are processed by an oxygen-free crusher 1 and then transported to the furnace tube 11 of a drying furnace 2 for drying. They are then transported to the first sorting system 3 for the first sorting.

[0040] The material after the first sorting is transported to the furnace tube 11 of the pyrolysis furnace 4 for pyrolysis, and then transported to the second sorting system 5 for a second sorting.

[0041] The waste gas generated in the drying furnace 2 and the pyrolysis furnace 4 is fed into the combustion furnace 5 for combustion treatment. The heat released by the combustion is transported in the form of hot air to the heating chamber 12 of the drying furnace 2 and the pyrolysis furnace 4 for auxiliary heating.

[0042] In the above technical solution, the oxygen-free crusher 1 ensures that the entire crushing process of waste lithium batteries is carried out in an oxygen-deficient state, and there will be no dangers such as explosion or excessive heat generation during the crushing process. At the same time, it can fully disperse the crushed material without any entanglement.

[0043] The crushed material is conveyed in a closed manner to the furnace tube 11 of the drying furnace 2. The drying furnace 2 adopts the form of a continuous rotary furnace. The material is slowly pushed in the rotating furnace tube 11. The material is continuously tumbling during the pushing process, so that the material is heated evenly. The maximum drying temperature is 600 degrees Celsius, mainly drying the volatile electrolyte.

[0044] The dried material enters the first sorting system 3 for the first sorting, separating heavy objects (shell and tabs) and light materials (positive and negative electrode sheets, diaphragm and black powder). The sorted light materials are then transported to the furnace tube 11 of the pyrolysis furnace 4 for pyrolysis.

[0045] The pyrolysis furnace 4 also adopts the form of a continuous rotary furnace. The maximum pyrolysis temperature is 1000 degrees Celsius. It mainly cracks the positive electrode coating material and the fine particles of membrane and plastic generated during the carbonization process. The pyrolysis material is transported to the second sorting system 5 for a second sorting to separate materials such as black powder, aluminum particles and copper particles.

[0046] During the whole process, the furnace tube 11 of the drying furnace 2 and the furnace tube 11 of the pyrolysis furnace 4 generate waste gas, which is sequentially subjected to high-temperature combustion, quenching treatment and dust removal treatment in the combustion furnace 5, and then enters the spray tower for unified emission standard discharge. The heat released during the high-temperature combustion process can be transported into the heating chamber 12 in the form of hot air for auxiliary heating. The flue gas after combustion in the combustion furnace 5 contains hydrogen fluoride, which needs to be purified and absorbed by water washing and alkali washing to remove acidic gas. The waste water after defluorination is returned to the quenching treatment process for quenching spray water, realizing zero discharge of waste water.

[0047] In the above method, the heat generated by waste gas combustion is fully utilized in the form of hot air to be introduced into the heating chamber 12 for auxiliary heating of the drying furnace 2 and the pyrolysis furnace 4, which can reduce the energy used in the heating process of the drying furnace 2 and the pyrolysis furnace 4, achieve the purpose of energy saving, and realize the recycling of the heat generated by waste gas combustion.

[0048] Further, the heating chamber 12 of the drying furnace 2 and the pyrolysis furnace 4 both heat the rotating furnace tube 11 by arranging electric heating components on the top and bottom, and automatically adjust the heating temperature of the electric heating components according to the hot air temperature introduced into the heating chamber 12 through the control module, so that the heating temperature of the material in the furnace tube 11 meets the preset temperature.

[0049] The drying furnace 2 and the pyrolysis furnace 4 both use electric heating to indirectly heat the material in the furnace tube 11. In order to save electric energy, the hot air generated by the combustion furnace 5 is introduced into the heating chamber 12 to work with the electric heating components, which can save electric energy. The control module can automatically adjust the heating temperature of the electric heating components according to the hot air temperature, so as to ensure that the heating temperature in the furnace tube 11 meets the working requirements.

[0050] In one embodiment, the heating temperature of the pyrolysis furnace 4 is higher than that of the drying furnace 2, and the hot air discharged from the combustion furnace 5 is first introduced into the heating chamber 12 of the pyrolysis furnace 4 for auxiliary heating, and then introduced into the heating chamber 12 of the drying furnace 2 for auxiliary heating after being discharged from the heating chamber 12 of the pyrolysis furnace 4.

[0051] In order to further improve the use efficiency of the hot air discharged from the combustion furnace 5, the temperature of the combustion in the combustion furnace 5 is generally controlled at 1000-1200 degrees Celsius, which is close to the working temperature of the pyrolysis furnace 4, so that the hot air discharged from the combustion furnace 5 can be preferentially introduced into the heating chamber 12 of the pyrolysis furnace 4 for auxiliary heating. In order to ensure the heating temperature, the hot air circulates in the combustion furnace 5, the heating chamber 12 of the pyrolysis furnace 4, and the heating chamber 12 of the drying furnace 2, so that the circulating hot air discharged from the heating chamber 12 of the pyrolysis furnace 4 reenters the heating chamber 12 of the drying furnace 2 for auxiliary heating. Since the working temperature of the drying furnace 2 is lower than that of the pyrolysis furnace 4, efficient use of the hot air can be achieved, and the heating work of the pyrolysis furnace 4 and the drying furnace 2 can be effectively assisted, thereby achieving the purpose of energy saving.

[0052] As shown in Figures 4-7 , further, the hot air outlet pipe 51 of the combustion furnace 5 is connected to the heating chamber 12 of the pyrolysis furnace 4 through the first air supply pipe 6, the heating chamber 12 of the pyrolysis furnace 4 is also provided with the first air return pipe 7, the heating chamber 12 of the drying furnace 2 is connected to the first air return pipe 7 through the second air supply pipe 8, and the heating chamber 12 of the drying furnace 2 is also provided with the second air return pipe 9, which is connected to the circulating hot air inlet pipe 52 of the combustion furnace 5.

[0053] Further, the first air return pipe 7 is sleeved outside the first air supply pipe 6 to form a double-layer pipe, and the second air return pipe 9 is sleeved outside the second air supply pipe 8 to form a double-layer pipe, and the first air return pipe 7 is connected to the second air supply pipe 8.

[0054] The first air supply pipe 6 and the first air return pipe 7 are both formed by a main air pipe and a plurality of branch air pipes connected to the main air pipe, the hot air outlet pipe 51 is connected to the main air pipe of the first air supply pipe 6, the plurality of branch air pipes of the first air supply pipe 6 and the first air return pipe 7 are both connected to the heating chamber 12, the first air return pipe 7 is sleeved outside the first air supply pipe 6, and the air inlet of the first air return pipe 7 can be at the end of each branch air pipe as shown in Figure 4 , or as shown in the structure of the second air supply pipe 8 and the second air return pipe 9 in Figure 6 and Figure 7 , a communication pipe 13 is arranged on each branch air pipe of the first air return pipe 7, the other end of the communication pipe 13 is connected to the heating chamber 12, and the end of each branch air pipe of the first air return pipe 7 is closed; the structure of the first air supply pipe 6 and the first air return pipe 7 is the same as that of the second air supply pipe 8 and the second air return pipe 9.

[0055] The hot air of the combustion furnace 5 is discharged from the hot air outlet pipe 51, enters the heating chamber 12 of the pyrolysis furnace 4 through the first air supply pipe 6 first, and then is discharged from the first air return pipe 7. The discharged hot air can play a heat preservation role on the first air supply pipe 6, reduce heat transfer between the first air supply pipe 6 and the external environment, and ensure effective use of heat. The hot air discharged from the first air return pipe 7 enters the second air supply pipe 8, is transported to the heating chamber 12 of the drying furnace 2 by the second air supply pipe 8, and then is discharged from the second air return pipe 9. The discharged hot air can play a heat preservation role on the second air supply pipe 8, reduce heat transfer between the second air supply pipe 8 and the external environment, and the second air return pipe 9 transports the circulating hot air to the circulating hot air inlet pipe 52 of the combustion furnace 5, is heated again by the combustion furnace 5 to realize circulating flow of the hot air, maximize the use of heat generated by the combustion furnace 5, and further achieve the purpose of energy saving.

[0056] As shown in Figure 3 In one embodiment, a spiral pipe 53 is arranged in the working chamber of the combustion furnace 5, the spiral pipe 53 is in communication with the circulating hot air inlet pipe 52 and the hot air outlet pipe 51 respectively, and the circulating hot air inlet pipe 52 is further bypassed by a gas inlet pipe 54. One side of the combustion furnace 5 is provided with a fuel inlet pipe 55 which is parallel to the axis of the spiral pipe 53. The combustion furnace 5 is provided with a plurality of waste gas inlet pipes 56 which are in communication with the waste gas outlets of the furnace pipes 11 and are arranged radially parallel to the spiral pipe 53. The waste gas inlet pipes 56 extend into the working chamber, and the plurality of waste gas inlet pipes 56 are divided into a plurality of groups. The waste gas inlet pipes 56 in each group are distributed along the axis of the spiral pipe 53, and each group of waste gas inlet pipes 56 is at least four. The top of the combustion furnace 5 is provided with a smoke exhaust pipe 57 which is in communication with the working chamber.

[0057] Gas fuel is introduced into the working chamber of the combustion furnace 5 through the fuel inlet pipe 55, and the oxygen required for combustion can be introduced through an air pipe which is in communication with the working chamber. The air pipe can be arranged at the inner center of the waste gas inlet pipe 56.

[0058] As shown in Figure 3 The fuel inlet pipe 55 is arranged below the combustion furnace 5, and the waste gas inlet pipe 56 is arranged on the side of the combustion furnace 5. In this way, the waste gas can be fully mixed with the oxygen required for combustion and then enter the working chamber to burn with the fuel (such as natural gas) to release heat, so that the waste gas can be burned more fully and the condition of incomplete combustion of the waste gas is prevented. In addition, the waste gas inlet pipes 56 are arranged uniformly, which can make the combustion temperature in the working chamber more uniform, so that the temperature of the discharged hot air can be controlled. In order to ensure the amount of circulating hot air, the gas inlet pipe 54 is bypassed on the circulating hot air inlet pipe 52 to supplement normal temperature air to ensure that the amount of hot air is sufficient for use.

[0059] Further, the circulating hot air inlet pipe 52 is also bypassed by a hot air branch pipe 58, and the inner wall of the working chamber is provided with a heat preservation structure layer, and the other end of the hot air branch pipe 58 is communicated with the heat preservation structure layer, for circulating hot air into the heat preservation structure layer;

[0060] As shown in Figure 3 and 8 The heat preservation structure layer comprises: a hole plate 10 forming a cavity with the inner wall of the working chamber, a flow guide layer 11 arranged between the hole plate 10 and the inner wall of the working chamber, and an outer temperature insulation cavity formed between the inner wall of the working chamber and the flow guide layer 11 and communicated with the hot air branch pipe 58, and the flow guide layer 11 and the hole plate 10 form an inner temperature insulation cavity, the hot air delivered by the hot air branch pipe 58 is guided to the hole plate 10 through the flow guide layer 11, and is delivered to the working chamber by the hole plate 10, so as to provide oxygen required for combustion in the working chamber.

[0061] In order to further reduce heat loss and improve heat utilization rate, the heat preservation structure layer is arranged on the working chamber of the combustion furnace 5, and the heat preservation structure layer is realized by circulating hot air to prevent the outer side wall of the working chamber from directly exchanging heat with the external environment;

[0062] Specifically, one end of the hot air branch pipe 58 connected with the circulating hot air inlet pipe 52 is upstream of the other end of the air supplement inlet pipe 54 connected with the circulating hot air inlet pipe 52, that is, before the circulating hot air contacts with the supplemented air, a part of the circulating hot air is introduced into the outer temperature insulation cavity, and the air pressure in the outer temperature insulation cavity is ensured to be greater than the air pressure in the working chamber, so that the circulating hot air can enter the working chamber from the hole plate 10 after being guided by the flow guide layer 11, and the oxygen in the circulating hot air can enter the working chamber; the circulating hot air in the outer temperature insulation cavity plays a first temperature insulation role for the inner temperature insulation cavity and the external environment, the circulating hot air enters the inner temperature insulation cavity, and the heat transfer between the circulating hot air and the hole plate 10 can be improved through the flow guide layer 11, so that the temperature of the circulating hot air entering the working chamber is not too low, and the circulating hot air can form an air layer on the inner side wall of the hole plate 10, playing a second temperature insulation role between the spiral pipe 53 and the outer temperature insulation cavity, reducing the heat transfer between the working chamber and the external environment, and playing a temperature insulation role.

[0063] Two structures of the flow guide layer 11 are provided as follows:

[0064] As shown in Figure 9 and Figure 10The first structure is shown in the drawings, the flow guide layer 11 comprises: a plurality of first flow guide plates 111 which are spaced apart along the wall surface of the hole plate 10, the cross section of the first flow guide plate 111 is trapezoidal, a plurality of first flow guide holes 112 are arranged on the two side walls of the first flow guide plate 111, a second flow guide plate 113 is connected between two adjacent first flow guide plates 111, a second flow guide hole 114 is arranged on the second flow guide plate 113, a first flow guide space is formed between the two first flow guide plates 111, the second flow guide plate 113 and the hole plate 10, a second flow guide space is formed between the first flow guide plate 111 and the hole plate 10, and the third flow guide hole 101 arranged on the hole plate 10 is in communication with the second flow guide space.

[0065] The third flow guide hole 101 on the side of the hole plate 10 is arranged upwardly inclined, the third flow guide hole 101 at the bottom of the hole plate 10 is arranged parallel to the axis of the spiral pipe 53, and the third flow guide hole 101 arranged at the top of the hole plate 10 is arranged inclined to one side of the smoke exhaust pipe 57, so that the flowing direction of the air layer formed on the inner side wall surface of the hole plate 10 conforms to the flowing direction of the flue gas.

[0066] After the circulating hot air enters the outer temperature insulation cavity, it enters the first flow guide space from the second flow guide hole 114, and impacts the hole plate 10 of the first flow guide space, so that the circulating hot air is fully exchanged with the outer wall surface of the hole plate 10 which has a higher temperature than the circulating hot air, so that the temperature of the circulating hot air is increased, and then the circulating hot air enters the second flow guide space from the first flow guide hole 112, and then enters the working chamber through the third flow guide hole 101 on the hole plate 10 in the second flow guide space, so as to supplement oxygen into the working chamber, and at the same time, an air layer can be formed on the inner side wall surface of the hole plate 10, so that the temperature of the outer temperature insulation cavity, the temperature of the inner temperature insulation cavity and the temperature of the air layer formed on the inner side wall surface of the hole plate 10 are sequentially increased, so as to better insulate the working chamber and the external environment, and at the same time, oxygen can be supplemented into the working chamber from various directions to ensure sufficient combustion.

[0067] As shown in the drawings, Figures 11-13 The second structure is shown in the drawings, the flow guide layer 11 comprises: a concave-convex curved plate 115, a plurality of convex arc surfaces 116 and a plurality of concave arc surfaces 117 are uniformly and spaced apart on the concave-convex curved plate 115, wherein the concave arc surface 117 is formed between the four convex arc surfaces 116 on one side of the concave-convex curved plate 115, and the convex arc surface 116 is formed between the four concave arc surfaces 117 on the other side; the fourth flow guide hole 118 is arranged on the convex arc surface 116 formed on the side of the concave-convex curved plate 115 close to the hole plate 10, and the third flow guide hole 101 arranged on the hole plate 10 corresponds to the concave arc surface 117 formed on the side of the concave-convex curved plate 115 close to the hole plate 10.

[0068] The air outlet direction of the third flow guide hole 101 on the hole plate 10 is perpendicular to the hole plate 10, and after the circulating hot air enters the outer temperature insulation cavity, it will enter from the fourth flow guide hole 118 to form an impact on the outer wall surface of the hole plate 10, and fully exchange heat with the outer wall surface of the hole plate 10 which has a higher temperature, and then under the flow guiding effect of the convex arc surface 116 and the concave arc surface 117, it is reflected to the third flow guide hole 101 of the hole plate 10 from the concave arc surface 117 close to the hole plate 10 side, enters the working chamber, and supplements oxygen in the working chamber to form an air layer on the inner wall surface of the hole plate 10. The temperature of the outer temperature insulation cavity, the temperature of the inner temperature insulation cavity, and the temperature of the air layer on the inner wall surface of the hole plate 10 will rise in turn, and the working chamber and the external environment are insulated. The oxygen in the circulating hot air entering the working chamber perpendicularly can fully mix with the gas in the working chamber, so that the combustion is more sufficient.

[0069] As shown in Figure 8 In one embodiment, a reducing pipe 561 is arranged in the exhaust gas inlet pipe 56, the diameter of the two ends of the reducing pipe 561 is larger than the middle diameter, the middle of the reducing pipe 561 is provided with an air inlet hole 562, the air inlet hole 562 is located in the working chamber and is close to the hole plate 10; one end of the exhaust gas inlet pipe 56 extending into the working chamber is provided with an air outlet hole 563.

[0070] In order to achieve sufficient combustion, the reducing pipe 561 is arranged in the exhaust gas inlet pipe 56, and when the exhaust gas is transported into the working chamber by the exhaust gas inlet pipe 56, the exhaust gas flow rate at the middle part of the reducing pipe 561 with smaller diameter will be faster, so that a negative pressure is formed at the air inlet hole 562 to suck the gas in the working chamber into the reducing pipe 561. Since the air inlet hole 562 is close to the hole plate 10, preferably close to the third flow guide hole 101 on the hole plate 10, the circulating hot air nearby transported into the exhaust gas inlet pipe 56 can be sucked into the exhaust gas inlet pipe 56 together with the exhaust gas, and then transported into the working chamber at high speed from the air outlet hole 563, which improves the combustion efficiency and ensures sufficient combustion, so that the fuel and exhaust gas are used efficiently.

[0071] In addition, in order to ensure sufficient oxygen, an air inlet pipe for introducing air or oxygen can also be arranged in the exhaust gas inlet pipe 56, and the end of the air inlet pipe is arranged on the side of the air inlet hole 562 away from the air outlet hole 563. When the oxygen is insufficient, air or oxygen can be introduced through the air inlet pipe.

[0072] Through the above design, the sufficient combustion treatment of the exhaust gas in the working chamber can be ensured, and the exhaust gas that is not fully combusted can be prevented from being discharged from the exhaust pipe 57, and at the same time, the exhaust gas is fully combusted to make the generated heat be utilized to the greatest extent, thereby saving energy.

[0073] In the description of the application, it is to be understood that the orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the application.

[0074] In the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connecting", "connecting", "fixing" and the like should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or it can be integrated; it can be mechanically connected, or it can be electrically connected or communicate with each other; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly limited. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0075] Although the embodiments of the present application have been disclosed as above, it is not limited to the application and implementation listed in the specification and embodiments, and it can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present application, and additional modifications can be easily realized by those skilled in the art, and therefore the present application is not limited to specific details and the figures shown and described herein, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the equivalent scope.

Claims

1. A method for converting waste lithium batteries into safe solid waste, characterized in that, include: Waste lithium batteries are processed by an oxygen-free crusher (1) and then transported to the furnace tube of a drying oven (2) for drying. They are then transported to the first sorting system (3) for the first sorting. The material after the first sorting is transported to the furnace tube of the pyrolysis furnace (4) for pyrolysis, and then transported to the second sorting system (5) for a second sorting; The exhaust gas generated in the drying furnace (2) and the pyrolysis furnace (4) is fed into the combustion furnace (5) for combustion treatment. The heat released by the combustion is delivered to the heating chamber (12) of the drying furnace (2) and the pyrolysis furnace (4) in the form of hot air for auxiliary heating. The working chamber of the combustion furnace (5) is provided with a spiral tube (53), which is connected to the circulating hot air inlet pipe (52) and the hot air outlet pipe (51) of the combustion furnace (5); The circulating hot air inlet pipe (52) is also connected to a hot air branch pipe (58). The inner wall of the working chamber is provided with a heat insulation structure layer. The other end of the hot air branch pipe (58) is connected to the heat insulation structure layer for circulating hot air to be introduced into the heat insulation structure layer. The thermal insulation structure layer includes: a perforated plate (10) forming a cavity with the inner wall of the working chamber, and a flow guiding layer (11) disposed between the perforated plate (10) and the inner wall of the working chamber; The flow guiding layer (11) includes: a plurality of first flow guiding plates (111) spaced apart along the wall of the perforated plate (10), the cross section of the first flow guiding plate (111) is trapezoidal, a plurality of first flow guiding holes (112) are provided on the two side walls of the first flow guiding plate (111), a second flow guiding plate (113) is connected between two adjacent first flow guiding plates (111), a second flow guiding hole (114) is provided on the second flow guiding plate (113), a first flow guiding space is formed between the two first flow guiding plates (111), the second flow guiding plate (113) and the perforated plate (10), a second flow guiding space is formed between the first flow guiding plate (111) and the perforated plate (10), and a third flow guiding hole (101) provided on the perforated plate (10) is connected to the second flow guiding space; Alternatively, the flow guiding layer (11) includes: a concave-convex curved plate (115) on which a plurality of raised arc surfaces (116) and a plurality of concave arc surfaces (117) are evenly spaced. The concave arc surfaces (117) are formed between the four raised arc surfaces (116) on one side of the concave-convex curved plate (115), and the raised arc surfaces (116) are formed between the four concave arc surfaces (117) on the other side. A fourth flow guiding hole (118) is provided on the raised arc surface (116) formed on the side of the concave-convex curved plate (115) near the perforated plate (10). The third flow guiding hole (101) provided on the perforated plate (10) corresponds to the concave arc surface (117) formed on the side of the concave-convex curved plate (115) near the perforated plate (10).

2. The method for converting waste lithium batteries into safe solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating chambers (12) of the drying furnace (2) and the pyrolysis furnace (4) heat the rotating furnace tubes by setting electric heating components at the top and bottom. The heating temperature of the electric heating components is automatically adjusted by the control module according to the temperature of the hot air introduced into the heating chamber (12) so that the heating temperature of the material in the furnace tube meets the preset temperature.

3. The method for converting waste lithium batteries into safe solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating temperature of the pyrolysis furnace (4) is higher than that of the drying furnace (2). The hot air discharged from the combustion furnace (5) is first introduced into the heating chamber (12) of the pyrolysis furnace (4) for auxiliary heating, and then discharged from the heating chamber (12) of the pyrolysis furnace (4) and then enters the heating chamber (12) of the drying furnace (2) for auxiliary heating.

4. The method for converting waste lithium batteries into safe solid waste according to claim 3, characterized in that, The hot air outlet pipe (51) of the combustion furnace (5) is connected to the heating chamber (12) of the pyrolysis furnace (4) through the first air supply pipe (6). The heating chamber (12) of the pyrolysis furnace (4) is also connected to the first return air pipe (7). The heating chamber (12) of the drying furnace (2) is connected to the first return air pipe (7) through the second air supply pipe (8). The heating chamber (12) of the drying furnace (2) is also connected to the second return air pipe (9). The second return air pipe (9) is connected to the circulating hot air inlet pipe (52) of the combustion furnace (5).

5. The method for converting waste lithium batteries into safe solid waste according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first return air duct (7) is sleeved on the outside of the first supply air duct (6) to form a double-layer duct, and the second return air duct (9) is sleeved on the outside of the second supply air duct (8) to form a double-layer duct. The first return air duct (7) is connected to the second supply air duct (8).

6. The method for converting waste lithium batteries into safe solid waste according to claim 4, characterized in that, A supplementary air inlet pipe (54) is also connected to the circulating hot air inlet pipe (52); a fuel inlet pipe (55) is provided on one side of the combustion furnace (5), the fuel inlet pipe (55) is arranged parallel to the axis of the spiral tube (53), the combustion furnace (5) is provided with multiple exhaust gas inlets (56) that are connected to the exhaust gas outlet of the furnace tube and arranged radially parallel to the spiral tube (53), the exhaust gas inlets (56) extend into the working chamber, the multiple exhaust gas inlets (56) are divided into multiple groups, the multiple groups of exhaust gas inlets (56) are distributed along the axis of the spiral tube (53), each group of exhaust gas inlets (56) has at least four; the top of the combustion furnace (5) is provided with a flue gas pipe (57) that is connected to the working chamber.

7. The method for converting waste lithium batteries into safe solid waste according to claim 6, characterized in that, The inner wall of the working chamber and the guide layer (11) form an outer heat insulation cavity that communicates with the hot air branch pipe (58). The guide layer (11) and the orifice plate (10) form an inner heat insulation cavity. The hot air delivered to the outer heat insulation cavity by the hot air branch pipe (58) is guided through the guide layer (11) to the orifice plate (10) and delivered to the working chamber by the orifice plate (10) to provide the oxygen required for combustion in the working chamber.

8. The method for converting waste lithium batteries into safe solid waste according to claim 7, characterized in that, The exhaust gas inlet pipe (56) is provided with a variable diameter pipe (561), the diameters at both ends of the variable diameter pipe (561) are larger than the diameter in the middle, and an air inlet hole (562) is provided in the middle of the variable diameter pipe (561). The air inlet hole (562) is located in the working chamber and is set close to the orifice plate (10).

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