A method for cultivating a seedling of panax ginseng red fruit

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of red fruit ginseng seedling cultivation methods, belong to seedling cultivation field, including seed treatment, seed coat activation, induction germination and seedling and the like steps.Seed coat activation step provides sufficient nutrient substance and sufficient moisture for red fruit ginseng seed to make red fruit ginseng seed coat soften.Induction germination process uses temperature-sensitive protective agent to effectively prevent seed coat from being excessively softened while ensuring that red fruit ginseng seed coat is fully softened, so that the seed is rotten and necrotic, solve the problem that red fruit ginseng seed is weak in germination ability, low in germination rate, and slow in seedling growth due to thick seed coat, seed coat barrier difficult to overcome and seed coat excessively softened to make the seed rotten and necrotic.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of seedling cultivation of Aralia decaisneana, and particularly relates to a seedling cultivation method of Aralia decaisneana. BACKGROUND

[0002] Aralia decaisneana is a perennial herb of Aralia decaisneana Hoo et Tsai, and is commonly known as “dirt ginseng”, “spider fruit” and “fragrant cage”. The whole plant is non-toxic, and the fruit, leaf and root can be used as medicine with a bitter and slightly bitter taste. Aralia decaisneana has the functions of tonifying middle energizer and qi, regulating qi and tonifying blood, stopping bleeding and pain, promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis, reducing phlegm and relieving cough and asthma, reducing dampness, clearing heat and warming and regulating cold. The flavonoid content in the fruit of Aralia decaisneana is extremely high, which means that Aralia decaisneana has extremely high medicinal value, can help improve intestinal absorption, reduce thrombosis, prevent precancerous cell mutation and further prevent the spread of cancer cells.

[0003] Aralia decaisneana is a very special plant, and the growth environment is strict. Aralia decaisneana only grows at the edge of the original forest, in the valley, by the water or in the stone crevice, and likes loose, ventilated, drained and organic humus-rich soil. Water shortage and waterlogging can cause Aralia decaisneana to die. Aralia decaisneana usually takes seeds as a propagation unit, but the seed coat of Aralia decaisneana is thick. The seed germination needs to overcome the seed coat barrier, so that the seed germination ability is weakened, and the seed germination rate is low, so that the cultivation of Aralia decaisneana is difficult to be scaled and standardized. The seed coat of Aralia decaisneana is softened by soaking to improve the seed germination rate. If the softening temperature is too high, the seed is prone to rot and die, and if the softening temperature is too low, the softening effect is not obvious, and the seed still cannot overcome the seed coat barrier. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a seedling cultivation method of Aralia decaisneana to solve the problems of weak seed germination ability, low germination rate and slow seedling growth of Aralia decaisneana due to the thick seed coat, the difficulty in overcoming the seed coat barrier and the high or low temperature. SUMMARY

[0004] Therefore, the present application aims to provide a seedling cultivation method of Aralia decaisneana to solve the problems of weak seed germination ability, low germination rate and slow seedling growth of Aralia decaisneana due to the thick seed coat, the difficulty in overcoming the seed coat barrier and the high or low temperature.

[0005] The present application provides a seedling cultivation method of Aralia decaisneana to solve the above technical problems. The method comprises the following steps:

[0006] S1, seed treatment: selecting and cleaning Aralia decaisneana seeds;

[0007] Further, the mature, full and disease-free Aralia decaisneana seeds are soaked in water for 5-6 hours, and then soaked in a 2.4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid solution with a concentration of 2-4 mg / L for 1-3 days before being taken out for use.

[0008] S2, seed coat activation: after the red fruit ginseng seeds and seed coat activator are mixed evenly, the nutrient water mist is sprayed on the surface of the red fruit ginseng seeds with the water mist particle size of 10-20μm, and then the activated red fruit ginseng seeds are obtained after being placed in the dark condition for 2-3h;

[0009] S3, germination induction: the activated red fruit ginseng seeds and the temperature-sensitive protective agent are poured into the seed pelletizer, the temperature-sensitive protective agent is wrapped on the activated red fruit ginseng seeds, and the red fruit ginseng sprouts are obtained after watering for 3-5 days.

[0010] S4, seedling emergence: the red fruit ginseng sprouts are transplanted and covered with the mulch, the mulch is removed after watering for 10-20 days, and the seedling is obtained after continuing to water for 30-40 days.

[0011] Further, the mass ratio of the red fruit ginseng seeds, the seed coat activator and the nutrient water mist in the step S2 is 1:(1-2):(1-2).

[0012] Further, the seed coat activator comprises the following raw materials by weight: 3-6 parts of sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose, 1-3 parts of lignocellulose and 1-3 parts of sodium polyacrylate.

[0013] The preparation method of the seed coat activator: the sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose, the lignocellulose and the sodium polyacrylate are mixed and ball milled, and then sieved to obtain the seed coat activator.

[0014] Further, the nutrient water mist comprises the following raw materials by weight: 1-3 parts of urea iron, 1-3 parts of copper sulfate, 2-4 parts of sodium oxalate, 1-2 parts of zinc sulfate heptahydrate and 0.1-0.3 parts of sodium molybdate.

[0015] The germination of the red fruit ginseng seeds has the problem of thick seed coat and difficulty in overcoming the seed coat barrier. The seed coat activator prepared by mixing the sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose, the lignocellulose and the sodium polyacrylate is attached to the surface of the seeds. The plant nutrients such as urea iron, copper sulfate, sodium oxalate, zinc sulfate heptahydrate and sodium molybdate are dissolved in water to prepare a nutrient water mist, which is sprayed on the seed coat activator. The seed coat activator contains a large amount of sodium polyacrylate, sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose and lignocellulose, which can effectively absorb and coat the nutrient water mist on the surface of the seeds. The seed coat of the red fruit ginseng seeds is rapidly expanded and the permeability of the seed coat is increased in the wet environment with sufficient nutrients, and then the subsequent steps are cooperated to improve the seed germination rate.

[0016] Further, the mass ratio of the activated red fruit ginseng seeds and the temperature-sensitive protective agent in the step S3 is 1:(1-3).

[0017] Further, the preparation raw materials of the temperature-sensitive protective agent in the step S3 include triethanolamine, glutaraldehyde, magnesium sulfate, chitosan, gelatin, sodium phosphate, glycerol, sodium silicate, sodium hexametaphosphate, bamboo fiber and activated carbon.

[0018] Further, the preparation steps of the temperature-sensitive protective agent are as follows:

[0019] 1) Chitosan modification: triethanolamine and glutaraldehyde are uniformly mixed, magnesium sulfate is added and stirred to dissolve, then chitosan is added and stirred while heating to 80-100 DEG C, and constant temperature continues to stir for 20-30 min, and then cooled to room temperature to obtain chitosan gel, which is washed with deionized water for 3-5 times, and then dried and ground to obtain modified chitosan;

[0020] 2) Secondary modification of chitosan: gelatin, sodium phosphate and sodium silicate are mixed, glycerol is added and stirred until the precipitate is fully dissolved, then the modified chitosan is added and mixed uniformly, and then placed for 1-2 h to obtain secondary modified chitosan;

[0021] 3) Preparation of temperature-sensitive protective agent: the secondary modified chitosan, sodium hexametaphosphate, activated carbon and bamboo fiber are uniformly mixed, ball milled, sieved, and then placed at 25 DEG C for 2-3 h to obtain a temperature-sensitive protective agent with a particle size of 400-600 μm.

[0022] Further, the mass ratio of triethanolamine, glutaraldehyde, magnesium sulfate and chitosan in step 1) is (1-2):(0.2-0.4):(0.1-0.3):(2-4).

[0023] Further, the mass ratio of gelatin, sodium phosphate, sodium silicate, glycerol and modified chitosan in step 2) is (1-3):(1-2):(0.2-0.4):(1-3):(2-6).

[0024] Further, the mass ratio of secondary modified chitosan, sodium hexametaphosphate, activated carbon and bamboo fiber in step 3) is (1-3):(0.1-0.3):(0.4-0.8):(1-2).

[0025] The red fruit ginseng seeds cannot normally germinate in an environment above 30 DEG C, and the main reason is that various enzymes in the red fruit ginseng seeds lose activity at high temperature, and various reactions are interrupted, so that the seeds cannot germinate. Furthermore, the seeds are prone to rot and die under high temperature conditions, which further prevents the seeds from germinating. The temperature-sensitive protective agent for germination of red fruit ginseng seeds is prepared by taking advantage of the network structure of the temperature-sensitive gel, and the temperature-sensitive protective agent forms a gel with a porous structure on the surface of the seeds under high temperature conditions, which has good heat insulation effect, and effectively prevents the loss of nutrients and the rot and death of the seeds, thereby promoting the germination of the red fruit ginseng seeds.

[0026] The common chitosan / gelatin temperature-sensitive gel starts to solidify above 40 DEG C, while the suitable temperature for the seed germination of the Gypsophila oldhamiana seed is 25 DEG C. In order to adapt to the germination temperature of the seed germination of the Gypsophila oldhamiana seed, the chitosan is modified by triethanolamine, magnesium sulfate and glutaraldehyde in the application, the triethanolamine and the glutaraldehyde increase the distance between the chitosan molecules, so that the chitosan molecules after modification are more likely to form intermolecular hydrogen bonds with the gelatin molecules, and meanwhile the new temperature-sensitive gel starts to solidify at about 25 DEG C; the provided magnesium ions can also make a large number of active sites on the chitosan molecules crosslink to form a gel at about 25 DEG C. After the gelatin, sodium phosphate and sodium silicate are uniformly mixed, glycerol is added to be fully dissolved, and then the modified chitosan is mixed and placed to obtain the secondary modified chitosan. The secondary modified chitosan forms a reticular gel structure, and the structure contains sodium phosphate and sodium silicate, so that the structure is soft and strong in toughness and is not easy to be damaged. The secondary modified chitosan is in the form of solution and has great viscosity, and cannot be attached to the seed surface in the form of water mist spraying, so solid particles such as sodium hexametaphosphate, activated carbon and bamboo fiber are mixed with the secondary modified chitosan to be ball milled into granules, and a temperature-sensitive protective agent with viscosity on the surface is prepared, which can be attached to the seed coat activating agent. The prepared temperature-sensitive protective agent is coated on the seed coat activating agent, and the gel after solidification absorbs heat under high temperature conditions and releases heat under low temperature conditions, so that the internal gel temperature remains unchanged. That is, when the temperature is higher or lower than about 25 DEG C, the temperature-sensitive protective agent of the Gypsophila oldhamiana seed pellet forms a gel with a porous structure, so that the internal temperature of the seed pellet remains unchanged, the purpose of constant temperature germination is achieved, and the problem that the softening temperature is too high or too low to cause seed rot and necrosis is effectively solved, the seed germination rate is improved, and the formed gel also prevents the loss of water and nutrients, so that the seedlings can obtain sufficient nutrients and grow normally.

[0027] Advantages:

[0028] 1. The seed coat activating agent and the nutrient water mist are sprayed on the surface of the seed, and then the temperature-sensitive protective agent is coated, so that the germination rate of the Gypsophila oldhamiana seed and the survival rate of the seedling are effectively improved.

[0029] 2. Under the combined action of the seed coat activating agent and the sprayed nutrient water mist, the seed coat of the Gypsophila oldhamiana seed swells, the permeability of the seed coat increases, and the germination rate of the seed is effectively improved.

[0030] 3. The Gypsophila oldhamiana coated with the temperature-sensitive protective agent can withstand high temperature to keep the temperature constant when the seed germinates, the germination rate of the Gypsophila oldhamiana seed and the survival rate of the seedling are high under the condition of 35 DEG C, and the tolerance of the Gypsophila oldhamiana seed to high temperature environment is improved. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The application will be described in detail below in combination with the embodiments:

[0032] I. Preparation of the seed coat activating agent

[0033] The raw materials for preparing the seed coat activator were weighed according to the data in Table 1, and the specific ratio is shown below:

[0034] Table 1

[0035] Sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose (kg) Lignocellulose (kg) Sodium polyacrylate (kg) Seed coat activator 1 4 2 2 Seed coat activator 2 6 1 1 Seed coat activator 3 3 3 3 Seed coat activator 4 4 2 2

[0036] The specific preparation process of the seed coat activator 1-3 is as follows:

[0037] The sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose, lignocellulose and sodium polyacrylate were weighed respectively, mixed and ball milled, sieved, and the seed coat activator was prepared.

[0038] II. Preparation of nutrient water mist

[0039] The raw materials for preparing the nutrient water mist were weighed according to the data in Table 2, and the specific ratio is shown below:

[0040] Table 2

[0041]

[0042] The raw materials with the mass shown in Table 2 were weighed respectively, mixed uniformly, and added to 10 L of deionized water to prepare the nutrient water mist 1-3 for use.

[0043] III. Preparation of temperature-sensitive protective agent

[0044] The raw materials for preparing the temperature-sensitive protective agent were weighed according to the data in Table 3, and the specific ratio is shown below:

[0045] Table 3

[0046]

[0047] The specific preparation process of the temperature-sensitive protective agent 1-3 is as follows:

[0048] 1) Chitosan modification: uniformly mix triethanolamine and glutaraldehyde, add magnesium sulfate and stir to dissolve, then add chitosan, stir and heat to 90°C, continue to stir for 25 min, cool to room temperature, rinse with deionized water 4 times, then dry and grind to obtain modified chitosan;

[0049] 2) Secondary modification of chitosan: mix gelatin, sodium phosphate and sodium silicate, stir uniformly, add glycerol and stir until the precipitate is fully dissolved, then mix with the modified chitosan, and place for 1.5 h to obtain the secondary modified chitosan;

[0050] 3) Preparation of temperature-sensitive protective agent: mix the secondary modified chitosan, sodium hexametaphosphate, activated carbon and bamboo fiber, ball mill and sieve, then place at 25°C for 2.5 h to obtain the temperature-sensitive protective agent with a particle size of 400-600 μm.

[0051] The specific preparation process of the temperature-sensitive protective agent 4 is as follows:

[0052] Different from the preparation of the temperature-sensitive protective agents 1-3, only step 2) is as follows:

[0053] 2) Secondary modification of chitosan: uniformly mix sodium phosphate and sodium silicate, add glycerol and stir until the precipitate is fully dissolved, then add the modified chitosan and mix uniformly, and then place for 1.5 h to obtain the secondary modified chitosan;

[0054] The specific preparation process of the temperature-sensitive protective agent 5 is as follows:

[0055] Different from the preparation of the temperature-sensitive protective agents 1-3, only step 2) is as follows:

[0056] 2) Secondary modification of chitosan: uniformly mix gelatin and sodium silicate, add glycerol and stir until the precipitate is fully dissolved, then add the modified chitosan and mix uniformly, and then place for 1.5 h to obtain the secondary modified chitosan;

[0057] The specific preparation process of the temperature-sensitive protective agent 6 is as follows:

[0058] Different from the preparation of the temperature-sensitive protective agents 1-3, only step 2) is as follows:

[0059] 2) Secondary modification of chitosan: uniformly mix gelatin, sodium phosphate and sodium silicate, and mix with the modified chitosan uniformly, and then place for 1.5 h to obtain the secondary modified chitosan;

[0060] The specific preparation process of the temperature-sensitive protective agent 7 is as follows:

[0061] Different from the preparation of the temperature-sensitive protective agents 1-3, only step 2) is as follows:

[0062] 2) Secondary modification of chitosan: uniformly mix gelatin and sodium phosphate, add glycerol and stir until the precipitate is fully dissolved, then add the modified chitosan and mix uniformly, and then place for 1.5 h to obtain the secondary modified chitosan;

[0063] The specific preparation process of the temperature-sensitive protective agent 8 is as follows:

[0064] Different from the preparation of the temperature-sensitive protective agents 1-3, only step 1) is as follows:

[0065] 1) Modification of chitosan: add magnesium sulfate to glutaraldehyde and stir until dissolved, then add chitosan and stir while heating to 90°C, continue to stir for 25 min, cool to room temperature, then rinse with deionized water 4 times, and then dry and grind to obtain the modified chitosan;

[0066] The specific preparation process of the temperature-sensitive protective agent 9 is as follows:

[0067] The step 1) is different from the preparation of the temperature-sensitive protective agent 1-3, and the step 1) is specifically as follows:

[0068] 1) Chitosan modification: after adding magnesium sulfate and stirring to dissolve, chitosan is added, and the temperature is increased to 90 DEG C while stirring, and then the temperature is kept constant for 25 min. After cooling to room temperature, a chitosan gel is obtained, which is washed with deionized water for 4 times, and then dried and ground to obtain modified chitosan;

[0069] The specific preparation process of the temperature-sensitive protective agent 10 is as follows:

[0070] The step 1) is different from the preparation of the temperature-sensitive protective agent 1-3, and the step 1) is specifically as follows:

[0071] 1) Chitosan modification: after adding magnesium sulfate and stirring to dissolve, chitosan is added, and the temperature is increased to 90 DEG C while stirring, and then the temperature is kept constant for 25 min. After cooling to room temperature, a chitosan gel is obtained, which is washed with deionized water for 4 times, and then dried and ground to obtain modified chitosan;

[0072] Example 1:

[0073] S1, seed treatment: 1000 mature, full, and disease-free red fruit ginseng seeds of about 1 kg are soaked in water for 5.5 h, then soaked in a 2.4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid solution with a mass concentration of 3 mg / L for 2 days, and then taken out for use;

[0074] S2, seed coat activation: 1 kg of cleaned red fruit ginseng seeds and 1.5 kg of seed coat activator 1 are uniformly mixed, then 1.5 kg of nutrient water mist 1 is sprayed on the surface of the red fruit ginseng seeds with a water mist particle size of 10-20 μm, and then placed in the dark for 2.5 h to obtain activated red fruit ginseng seeds;

[0075] S3, germination induction: 1 kg of activated red fruit ginseng seeds and 2 kg of temperature-sensitive protective agent 1 are poured into a seed pelletizer, so that the temperature-sensitive protective agent 1 is wrapped on the activated red fruit ginseng seeds, and then water is poured for 4 days to obtain red fruit ginseng sprouts;

[0076] S4, seedling emergence: 20 m 2 of soil is turned over, and then the red fruit ginseng sprouts are transplanted, covered with a mulch film, and watered for 15 days, then the mulch film is removed, and water is continued for 35 days to obtain seedlings.

[0077] Example 2:

[0078] S1, red fruit ginseng seed treatment: 1000 mature, full, and disease-free red fruit ginseng seeds of about 1 kg are soaked in water for 5 h, then soaked in a 2.4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid solution with a mass concentration of 4 mg / L for 1 day, and then taken out for use;

[0079] S2, seed coat activation: 1 kg of cleaned red ginseng seeds and 1.0 kg of seed coat activator 2 were mixed uniformly, then 1.0 kg of nutrient water mist 2 was sprayed on the surface of the red ginseng seeds with a water mist particle size of 10-20 μm in volume diameter, and the activated red ginseng seeds were obtained after being placed in the dark for 2 h;

[0080] S3, germination induction: 1 kg of activated red ginseng seeds and 3 kg of temperature-sensitive protective agent 1 were poured into a seed pelleting machine, so that the temperature-sensitive protective agent 1 was wrapped on the activated red ginseng seeds, and the red ginseng sprouts were obtained after watering for 3 days;

[0081] S4, seedling emergence: 20 m 2 of soil was tilled, and the red ginseng sprouts were transplanted, covered with mulch, and watered for 10 days, then the mulch was removed and watering was continued for 30 days to obtain seedlings.

[0082] Example 3:

[0083] S1, red ginseng seed treatment: 1000 mature, full, and disease-free red ginseng seeds of about 1 kg were selected, soaked in water for 6 h, then soaked in a 2.4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid solution with a mass concentration of 2 mg / L for 3 days, and then taken out for use;

[0084] S2, seed coat activation: 1 kg of cleaned red ginseng seeds and 2.0 kg of seed coat activator 3 were mixed uniformly, then 2.0 kg of nutrient water mist 3 was sprayed on the surface of the red ginseng seeds with a water mist particle size of 10-20 μm in volume diameter, and the activated red ginseng seeds were obtained after being placed in the dark for 3 h;

[0085] S3, germination induction: 1 kg of activated red ginseng seeds and 1 kg of temperature-sensitive protective agent 1 were poured into a seed pelleting machine, so that the temperature-sensitive protective agent 1 was wrapped on the activated red ginseng seeds, and the red ginseng sprouts were obtained after watering for 5 days;

[0086] S4, seedling emergence: 20 m 2 of soil was tilled, and the red ginseng sprouts were transplanted, covered with mulch, and watered for 20 days, then the mulch was removed and watering was continued for 40 days to obtain seedlings.

[0087] Comparative Example 1:

[0088] This comparative example is compared with Example 1, and the only difference is that seed coat activator 1 is not used in step S2, and the remaining steps are the same, and step S2 is as follows:

[0089] S2, seed coat activation: 1.5 kg of nutrient water mist 1 was sprayed on the surface of 1 kg of cleaned red ginseng seeds with a water mist particle size of 10-20 μm in volume diameter, and the activated red ginseng seeds were obtained after being placed in the dark for 2.5 h.

[0090] Comparative Example 2:

[0091] This comparative example is contrasted with Example 1, the only difference being that the nutrient water mist 1 is not used in step S2, and the remaining steps are the same, and step S2 is as follows:

[0092] S2, seed coat activation: 1 kg of the washed Hongguo Shen seeds and 1.5 kg of the seed coat activator 4 are mixed uniformly, and then placed in the dark for 2.5 h to obtain the activated Hongguo Shen seeds.

[0093] Comparative Example 3:

[0094] This comparative example is contrasted with Example 1, the only difference being that the temperature-sensitive protective agent 1 is replaced by the temperature-sensitive protective agent 4 in step S3, and the remaining steps are the same, and step S3 is as follows:

[0095] S3, germination induction: 1 kg of the activated Hongguo Shen seeds and 2 kg of the temperature-sensitive protective agent 4 are poured into the seed pelleting machine, so that the temperature-sensitive protective agent 4 is wrapped on the activated Hongguo Shen seeds, and the Hongguo Shen sprouts are obtained after 4 days of watering and protection.

[0096] Comparative Example 4:

[0097] This comparative example is contrasted with Example 1, the only difference being that the temperature-sensitive protective agent 1 is replaced by the temperature-sensitive protective agent 5 in step S3, and the remaining steps are the same, and step S3 is as follows:

[0098] S3, germination induction: 1 kg of the activated Hongguo Shen seeds and 2 kg of the temperature-sensitive protective agent 5 are poured into the seed pelleting machine, so that the temperature-sensitive protective agent 5 is wrapped on the activated Hongguo Shen seeds, and the Hongguo Shen sprouts are obtained after 4 days of watering and protection.

[0099] Comparative Example 5:

[0100] This comparative example is contrasted with Example 1, the only difference being that the temperature-sensitive protective agent 1 is replaced by the temperature-sensitive protective agent 6 in step S3, and the remaining steps are the same, and step S3 is as follows:

[0101] S3, germination induction: 1 kg of the activated Hongguo Shen seeds and 2 kg of the temperature-sensitive protective agent 6 are poured into the seed pelleting machine, so that the temperature-sensitive protective agent 6 is wrapped on the activated Hongguo Shen seeds, and the Hongguo Shen sprouts are obtained after 4 days of watering and protection.

[0102] Comparative Example 6:

[0103] This comparative example is contrasted with Example 1, the only difference being that the temperature-sensitive protective agent 1 is replaced by the temperature-sensitive protective agent 7 in step S3, and the remaining steps are the same, and step S3 is as follows:

[0104] S3, inducing germination: 1 kg of activated red fruit ginseng seeds and 2 kg of temperature-sensitive protective agent 7 were poured into a seed pelletizer, so that the temperature-sensitive protective agent 7 was wrapped around the activated red fruit ginseng seeds, and water was poured in for 4 days to obtain red fruit ginseng sprouts.

[0105] Comparative Example 7:

[0106] This comparative example is compared with Example 1, the only difference being that the temperature-sensitive protective agent 1 in step S3 is replaced by temperature-sensitive protective agent 8, and the remaining steps are the same, and step S3 is as follows:

[0107] S3, inducing germination: 1 kg of activated red fruit ginseng seeds and 2 kg of temperature-sensitive protective agent 8 were poured into a seed pelletizer, so that the temperature-sensitive protective agent 8 was wrapped around the activated red fruit ginseng seeds, and water was poured in for 4 days to obtain red fruit ginseng sprouts.

[0108] Comparative Example 8:

[0109] This comparative example is compared with Example 1, the only difference being that the temperature-sensitive protective agent 1 in step S3 is replaced by temperature-sensitive protective agent 9, and the remaining steps are the same, and step S3 is as follows:

[0110] S3, inducing germination: 1 kg of activated red fruit ginseng seeds and 2 kg of temperature-sensitive protective agent 9 were poured into a seed pelletizer, so that the temperature-sensitive protective agent 9 was wrapped around the activated red fruit ginseng seeds, and water was poured in for 4 days to obtain red fruit ginseng sprouts.

[0111] Comparative Example 9:

[0112] This comparative example is compared with Example 1, the only difference being that the temperature-sensitive protective agent 1 in step S3 is replaced by temperature-sensitive protective agent 10, and the remaining steps are the same, and step S3 is as follows:

[0113] S3, inducing germination: 1 kg of activated red fruit ginseng seeds and 2 kg of temperature-sensitive protective agent 10 were poured into a seed pelletizer, so that the temperature-sensitive protective agent 10 was wrapped around the activated red fruit ginseng seeds, and water was poured in for 4 days to obtain red fruit ginseng sprouts.

[0114] Experiment 1: Temperature-sensitive experiment of temperature-sensitive protective agent

[0115] The prepared temperature-sensitive protective agents 1 and 4-8 were placed vertically in a constant temperature water bath, every 30 s the test tube was tilted at 45 degrees, and whether the liquid surface tilted with the test tube was observed, when it was observed that the liquid surface did not tilt with the test tube at 45 degrees, then after 30 s of constant temperature, the test tube was taken out and completely inverted, if the solution in the test tube did not flow within 15 s, then it was defined that the solution had gelled and solidified, the time required for the liquid state to change to the solid state at 15℃, 20℃, 25℃, 30℃ and 35℃ was recorded, i.e. the gelation time, the operation was repeated 3 times, and the average value was taken as the result as shown in Table 4.

[0116] Table 4

[0117]

[0118] Results analysis:

[0119] From the results of Table 4, temperature-sensitive protective agent 1 begins to gel at 20°C, and temperature-sensitive protective agents 4-10 do not gel at 25°C. This shows that the temperature-sensitive protective agent can form a gel when the temperature exceeds 25°C, keeping the temperature of the seed pellets stable, preventing the loss of nutrients in the red fruit ginseng seed pellets, and improving the germination rate of red fruit ginseng seeds and the survival rate of seedlings.

[0120] Experiment two: red fruit ginseng seed germination and seedling survival experiment at 35°C

[0121] The red fruit ginseng seed germination experiment was carried out according to the red fruit ginseng seedling cultivation method of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-9 at 35°C, and a blank control was set. The specific steps of the blank control experiment are as follows:

[0122] S1, red fruit ginseng seed treatment: select 1000 mature, full, and disease-free red fruit ginseng seeds weighing about 1 kg, soak in water for 5.5 h, then soak in a 2.4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid solution with a mass concentration of 3 mg / L for 2 days, and then take out for use;

[0123] S2, emergence: spread the red fruit ginseng seeds after turning over the 20 m 2 soil, cover with mulch, and water for 15 days at 35°C, then remove the mulch and continue to water for 35 days to obtain seedlings.

[0124] Record the number of germinated seeds after covering the mulch and watering for 15 days, record the number of germinated seeds, and calculate the germination rate; record the number of seedlings that survive after removing the mulch and watering for 35 days, record the number of surviving seeds, and calculate the survival rate.

[0125] Germination rate = (germination number / 1000) x 100%;

[0126] Survival rate = (survival number / 1000) x 100%; the results are shown in Table 5.

[0127] Table 5

[0128] Germination number Germination rate (%) Survival number Survival rate (%) Example 1 867 86.70％ 795 79.50％ Comparative example 1 395 39.50％ 218 21.80％ Comparative example 2 403 40.30％ 224 22.40％ Comparative example 3 437 43.70％ 401 40.10％ Comparative example 4 616 61.60％ 443 44.30％ Comparative example 5 524 52.40％ 392 39.20％ Comparative example 6 538 53.80％ 486 48.60％ Comparative example 7 612 61.20％ 384 38.40％ Comparative example 8 491 49.10％ 282 28.20％ Comparative example 9 468 46.80％ 211 21.10％ Blank control 392 39.20％ 247 24.70％

[0129] Experiment three: red fruit ginseng seed germination and seedling survival experiment at 15°C

[0130] The red fruit ginseng seed germination experiment was carried out according to the red fruit ginseng seedling cultivation method of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-9 at 15°C, and a blank control was set. The specific steps of the blank control experiment are as follows:

[0131] S1, Seed treatment of Radix Astragali: 1000 seeds of Radix Astragali of about 1 kg, which were mature, full, and free of diseases and pests, were soaked in water for 5.5 h, then soaked in a 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid solution with a mass concentration of 3 mg / L for 2 days, and then taken out for use;

[0132] S2, Germination: 20 m 2 of soil was turned over, and the seeds of Radix Astragali were sown, and then mulched with a mulch film, and watered for 15 days at 15°C, then the mulch film was removed, and watering was continued for 35 days to obtain seedlings.

[0133] The number of germinated seeds after watering for 15 days with the mulch film was recorded as the germination number, and the germination rate was calculated; the number of surviving seedlings after watering for 35 days after the mulch film was removed was recorded as the survival number, and the survival rate was calculated.

[0134] Germination rate = (germination number / 1000) x 100%;

[0135] Survival rate = (survival number / 1000) x 100%; the results are shown in Table 6.

[0136] Table 6

[0137] Germination number Germination rate (%) Survival number Survival rate (%) Example 1 901 90.10％ 825 82.50％ Comparative example 1 423 42.30％ 357 35.70％ Comparative example 2 519 51.90％ 291 29.1％ Comparative example 3 397 39.7％ 215 21.5％ Comparative example 4 497 49.7％ 375 37.5％ Comparative example 5 623 62.3％ 397 39.7％ Comparative example 6 574 57.4％ 369 36.9％ Comparative example 7 596 59.6％ 284 28.4％ Comparative example 8 611 61.1％ 351 35.1％ Comparative example 9 582 58.2％ 276 27.6％ Blank control 256 25.6％ 118 11.8％

[0138] Result analysis:

[0139] (1) From the germination rate and survival rate of the seeds of Radix Astragali in Example 1 in Table 5 and Table 6, it can be seen that within the scope of the present application, the germination rate of the seeds of Radix Astragali at 35°C is 86.70%, and the survival rate is 79.50%, which is increased by 47.5% and 54.8% respectively compared with the blank control. The germination rate of the seeds of Radix Astragali at 15°C is 90.1%, and the survival rate is 82.5%, which is increased by 64.5% and 70.7% respectively compared with the blank control.

[0140] (2) Comparing the germination rate and survival rate of the seeds of Radix Astragali in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-2 in Table 5 and Table 6, it can be seen that in Comparative Example 1, the seed coat activator 1 is not used in step S2; in Comparative Example 2, the nutrient water mist 1 is not used in step S2, and the germination rate and survival rate of the seeds of Radix Astragali are decreased. This is mainly because the seed coat activator 1 and the nutrient water mist work together to make the seed coat swell, increase the permeability of the seed coat, and promote the germination of the seeds and the growth of the seedlings.

[0141] (3) Comparing the germination rate and survival rate of *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* seeds in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 3-6 in Tables 5 and 6, it can be seen that in Comparative Examples 3-6, the germination rate and survival rate of *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* seeds decreased when gelatin, sodium phosphate, glycerol, and sodium silicate were not added during the preparation of the thermosensitive protective agent. This is because the secondary activation of chitosan was insufficient, resulting in a thermosensitive gel, which in turn reduced the germination rate of *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* seeds and the survival rate of seedlings.

[0142] (4) Comparing the germination rate and survival rate of *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* seeds in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 7-9 in Tables 5 and 6, it can be seen that the germination rate and survival rate of *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* seeds decreased when triethanolamine, glutaraldehyde, and magnesium sulfate were not added during the preparation of the temperature-sensitive protectant in Comparative Examples 7-9. This is mainly because ordinary chitosan requires a temperature above 40°C to form a gel. By increasing the distance between chitosan molecules in the triethanolamine, glutaraldehyde, and magnesium sulfate system, the modified chitosan molecules and gelatin molecules are more likely to form intermolecular hydrogen bonds, thereby lowering the gel formation temperature. When the temperature rises, the formation of gel lowers the temperature inside the *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* seed pellets, effectively reducing the loss of nutrients and promoting seed germination and seedling growth.

[0143] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modifications and substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention. Technical aspects, shapes, and structures not described in detail in this invention are all well-known technologies.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating Panax quinquefolius seedlings, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1, seed treatment: selecting and washing the seeds of Gynostemma pentaphyllum; S2, seed coat activation: after the washed seeds of Gynostemma pentaphyllum and the seed coat activator are uniformly mixed, nutrient water mist with a water mist particle size of 10-20 μm in volume diameter is sprayed on the surface of the seeds of Gynostemma pentaphyllum, and then the activated seeds of Gynostemma pentaphyllum are obtained after being placed in dark conditions for 2-3 h; S3, germination induction: the activated seeds of Gynostemma pentaphyllum and the temperature-sensitive protective agent are poured into a seed pelletizer, so that the temperature-sensitive protective agent is wrapped on the activated seeds of Gynostemma pentaphyllum, and the seedlings of Gynostemma pentaphyllum are obtained after being watered for 3-5 days; S4, seedling emergence: the seedlings of Gynostemma pentaphyllum are transplanted, covered with mulch, and watered for 10-20 days, then the mulch is removed, and the seedlings are watered for another 30-40 days to obtain seedlings; The seed coat activator in step S2 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-6 parts of sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose, 1-3 parts of lignocellulose, and 1-3 parts of sodium polyacrylate; The preparation method of the seed coat activator comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose, lignocellulose, and sodium polyacrylate, ball milling, and sieving to obtain the seed coat activator; The nutrient water mist in step S2 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-3 parts of urea iron, 1-3 parts of copper sulfate, 2-4 parts of sodium oxalate, 1-2 parts of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, and 0.1-0.3 parts of sodium molybdate; The preparation steps of the temperature-sensitive protective agent are as follows: 1) chitosan modification: uniformly mixing triethanolamine and glutaraldehyde, stirring and dissolving after adding magnesium sulfate, adding chitosan while stirring and heating to 80-100℃, continuously stirring for 20-30 min at constant temperature, cooling to room temperature to obtain chitosan gel, washing with deionized water for 3-5 times, and then drying and grinding to obtain modified chitosan; 2) secondary modification of chitosan: uniformly mixing gelatin, sodium phosphate, and sodium silicate, stirring and uniformly mixing after adding glycerol, and then adding modified chitosan, uniformly mixing, and placing for 1-2 h to obtain secondary modified chitosan; 3) preparation of temperature-sensitive protective agent: uniformly mixing secondary modified chitosan, sodium hexametaphosphate, activated carbon, and bamboo fiber, ball milling, sieving, and then placing at 25℃ for 2-3 h to obtain temperature-sensitive protective agent with a particle size of 400-600 μm.

2. The method of cultivating a seedling of Panacis quinquefolii C. A. Mey. var. rubrius Radlk. according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the seeds of Gynostemma pentaphyllum, the seed coat activator, and the nutrient water mist in step S2 is 1: (1-2): (1-2).

3. The method of cultivating Panax quinquefolius seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the activated seeds of Gynostemma pentaphyllum and the temperature-sensitive protective agent in step S3 is 1: (1-3).

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the seedlings are cultivated in a greenhouse for 3 to 4 months. The mass ratio of triethanolamine, glutaraldehyde, magnesium sulfate, and chitosan in step 1) is (1-2):(0.2-0.4):(0.1-0.3):(2-4).

5. The method for cultivating red ginseng seedlings according to claim 4, characterized in that, The mass ratio of gelatin, sodium phosphate, sodium silicate, glycerol, and modified chitosan in step 2) is (1-3):(1-2):(0.2-0.4):(1-3):(2-6).

6. The method of cultivating a seedling of Panacis quinquefolii C. A. Mey. according to claim 5, characterized in that, The mass ratio of secondary modified chitosan, sodium hexametaphosphate, activated carbon, and bamboo fiber in step 3) is (1-3):(0.1-0.3):(0.4-0.8):(1-2).

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