Construction method of salt-resistant growth promoting system based on biochar-worm cast

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of based on the construction method of anti-salt promoting system of biochar-worm castings, it includes the following steps: step one, using farm poultry and livestock manure and cut shredded Lycium barbarum branch, compost fermentation is obtained semi-rotted compost material;Step two, worm is inoculated in semi-rotted compost material and continues compost fermentation by adding biochar;Step three, using the second mixture material is raised to breed ridge, and worm castings layer containing worm cocoon is laid on breeding ridge;Step four, scatter sand onion seed on planting ridge, and graft lycium barbarum sprout on planting ridge;Step five, every 15 days, drip irrigation complex microbial agent aqueous solution is carried out on the surface of planting ridge.The application adopts worm in situ treatment semi-rotted compost material, and introduces biochar, forms biochar-worm castings planting soil matrix, in this process, using the measures that biochar is synergistically controlled to generate worm castings in situ replaces root zone soil, to strengthen microbial effect, alleviate the negative effect that salt stress produces to plant growth.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of crop planting. More particularly, the present application relates to a method for constructing a salt-resistant and growth-promoting system based on biochar-worm cast. BACKGROUND

[0002] Long-term irrigation with brackish water will inevitably cause soil degradation and crop yield reduction. How to safely and effectively use brackish water for irrigation of farmland has become one of the urgent problems to be solved in agriculture. SUMMARY

[0003] An object of the present application is to solve at least the above problems and to provide at least the advantages to be explained later.

[0004] Another object of the present application is to provide a method for constructing a salt-resistant and growth-promoting system based on biochar-worm cast, which uses earthworms to treat semi-composted compost materials in situ and introduces biochar to form a planting soil matrix of biochar-worm cast. In this process, the use of biochar to synergistically regulate the generation of worm cast in situ to replace the soil in the root zone serves to strengthen the microbial effect and alleviate the negative effects of salt stress on plant growth.

[0005] To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the present application, a method for constructing a salt-resistant and growth-promoting system based on biochar-worm cast is provided, which comprises the following steps:

[0006] Step one, uniformly mix poultry and livestock manure with cut and shredded branches of Lycium barbarum to obtain a first mixture, add a compound microbial agent to the first mixture at a proportion of 8 ‰v / m of the wet weight of the first mixture, mix well, and compost for 10 days to obtain semi-composted compost materials. The composting degree of the materials is over the high-temperature period to avoid the escape or death of earthworms caused by high temperature. The composting site is provided between any two adjacent planting ridges. The compound microbial agent comprises Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus thuringiensis, Candida utilis, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus at a mass ratio of 1:1:1:1:1.

[0007] Step two, inoculate earthworms into the planting ridges, add biochar to the planting ridges after 10 days, mix well, and continue composting (earthworm in-situ composting), during which the moisture content of the ridges is maintained at 60%. The earthworms and microorganisms work together to decompose the recalcitrant lignified materials of the straw at the inoculation of earthworms during the composting period. At the end of the decomposition, inert carbon (biochar) is introduced to form worm cast biochar-completely decomposed as a planting ridge.

[0008] Step three, the edible mushroom residue and fermented and rotted cow dung are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:3 to obtain a second mixture, the second mixture is used to form a breeding ridge in a breeding field, the breeding ridge is irrigated with cow dung liquid until the water content of the second mixture is 75%, and 2cm-thick earthworm manure layers containing earthworm cocoons and 5cm-thick traditional Chinese medicine residues are sequentially laid on the breeding ridge;

[0009] Step four, after the material of the planting ridge in step two is completely decomposed, the planting ridge is sprayed with Allium songaricum seeds, and after the Allium songaricum seedlings cover the surface of the planting ridge, the planting ridge is grafted with wolfberry sprouts;

[0010] Step five, after the wolfberry sprouts are grafted, the surface of the planting ridge is drip irrigated with a water solution of the compound microbial agent with a concentration of 0.01g / L every 15 days, and the amount of the compound microbial agent used for each drip irrigation is 4m

[0011] Preferably, in the construction method of the salt-resistant growth-promoting system based on biochar-earthworm manure, the mass ratio of the farm poultry and livestock manure to the cut and shredded wolfberry branches is 4:1.

[0012] Preferably, in the construction method of the salt-resistant growth-promoting system based on biochar-earthworm manure, the width of the planting ridge is 100cm, and the height is 20cm; the width of the breeding ridge is 30cm, and the height is 15cm.

[0013] Preferably, in the construction method of the salt-resistant growth-promoting system based on biochar-earthworm manure, the mass ratio of the semi-rotted compost material to the biochar is 3:1.

[0014] Preferably, in the construction method of the salt-resistant growth-promoting system based on biochar-earthworm manure, the inoculation amount of the earthworms in step two is 0.1kg / m 3 ; and in step three, the amount of the earthworm cocoons in the earthworm manure layer is 100 / m 3 .

[0015] Preferably, in the construction method of the salt-resistant growth-promoting system based on biochar-earthworm manure, the preparation method of the biochar comprises the following steps:

[0016] S1, garden waste is crushed and mixed with graphene oxide according to a mass ratio of 1:0.1, high-temperature pyrolysis is performed under an inert gas environment for 3h to obtain a first carbonized product;

[0017] S2, the first biochar is soaked in a 0.1mol / L potassium permanganate solution for 2h, and then high-temperature pyrolysis is performed again under an inert gas environment for 2h, and the biochar is washed with water for 3 times to obtain a biochar crude product;

[0018] S3, the earthworm homogenate, humus, bamboo liquid vinegar are mixed according to the mass ratio 1:1:0.4, a third mixture is obtained, the pH is adjusted to neutral, and the third mixture is placed in an anaerobic room at room temperature for fermentation for 4 days, and a co-fermented product is obtained;

[0019] S4, the biochar crude product and the co-fermented product are mixed according to the mass ratio 1:0.8, a fourth mixture is obtained, the pH of the fourth mixture is adjusted to neutral, and the fourth mixture is placed at room temperature for fermentation for 10 days, and then low-temperature vacuum drying is performed, and the biochar- earthworm manure salt-resistant growth-promoting system is obtained.

[0020] Preferably, before step four, a plurality of grooves are arranged on the planting ridge at intervals, and each groove is provided with a mesh bag, and the mesh bag is filled with melon and fruit peels, and a water storage block is arranged on the top of the mesh bag, and the water storage block is prepared by mixing, crushing, vacuum drying and pressing into a cake shape with sugarcane residue, edible fungus residue, corn silk and attapulgite in a mass ratio of 1:1:1:0.5.

[0021] The present application at least includes the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. The present application adopts earthworm in-situ treatment of semi-rotted compost material, and introduces biochar to form a biochar-earthworm manure planting soil matrix, and in this process, the biochar is used to synergistically regulate the generation of earthworm manure to replace the root zone soil in-situ, to strengthen the microbial effect and alleviate the negative effects of salt stress on plant growth.

[0023] 2. The present application mixes poultry and livestock manure with wolfberry branches, uses a complex microbial system to rapidly compost and ferment in-situ in the planting area to form semi-rotted compost material, inoculates earthworms into the semi-rotted compost material, and at the same time adds biochar, uses earthworms, a complex microbial system, and biochar (inert carbon pool) to jointly degrade residual lignified materials, improves the degradation efficiency of difficult-to-degrade agricultural organic waste with high lignification degree, and after the material is completely composted, it is used as a crop planting area, and through in-situ composting of earthworms-salt-tolerant complex microbial bacteria-biochar, the soil of the planting area can be desalted once; before planting crops, an earthworm breeding ridge is arranged beside the planting ridge to supplement nutrients for the growth of crops in time, and at the same time, the decomposed branches and leaves produced during production are continuously produced to provide nutrients for the planting ridge, realizing a sustainable update of the in-situ desalination mode of earthworms-biochar; the complex microbial agent of the present application is a salt-tolerant growth-promoting microbial bacteria, which can accelerate the fermentation of the material, and also improve the salt tolerance of crops and promote the growth of crops; (the growth-promoting characteristics mainly manifest in nitrogen fixation, phosphorus dissolution, potassium dissolution, and ACC production);

[0024] 3. Biochar is a low-cost, sustainable, and environmentally friendly energy source. It possesses a rich microporous structure, a large specific surface area, and strong adsorption capacity. It exhibits high affinity for heavy metals, inorganic substances, and organic pollutants, improving soil matrix. This invention uses crushed corn stalks as the main raw material for biochar. Graphene oxide is added for primary carbonization, and the primary carbonized material is then soaked in potassium permanganate. Both processes increase the active sites of the primary carbonized biochar. A secondary carbonization process yields crude biochar. This crude biochar is then mixed with co-fermentation materials for fermentation, simulating the intestinal microbial environment of earthworms to bioactivate the crude biochar. This allows extracellular enzymes produced during fermentation to bind to functional groups on the biochar surface, adsorbing into the pores of the biochar. This results in biochar rich in beneficial microorganisms, which regulate soil flora, accelerate the decomposition of soil organic matter into a form usable by plants, improve soil structure, and promote crop growth.

[0025] 4. After composting, first sow salt-tolerant sand onion seeds on the planting ridges. After the grass plants completely cover the ridge surface, then plant wolfberry sprouts. The growth of sand onions can help reduce salt levels in the second stage. Sand onions also have the effects of suppressing weeds, repelling insects, and lowering soil temperature. During the planting process, apply compound microbial agents to the planting ridges through drip irrigation to avoid damage to the soil matrix of the planting ridges caused by direct irrigation with slightly saline water, which would affect the normal growth of crops.

[0026] 5. Set multiple grooves on the planting ridges, and place a net bag containing fruit peels that earthworms love to eat in each groove. Cover the net bag with a water-retaining block. During crop growth, water with a certain amount of heat can be added to the water-retaining block to stimulate the release of the aroma of the fruit peels. The aroma of the fruit peels can attract earthworms in other areas of the planting ridges and in the breeding ridges, increasing the activity range of earthworms, increasing the decomposition of organic matter in saline soil, promoting nutrient mineralization, improving the aggregate structure of saline-alkali soil, increasing soil permeability, biological quantity and activity. The active earthworms will transfer beneficial soil microorganisms from the breeding ridges to the planting ridges, providing nutrients for crop growth in a timely manner. During crop growth, the use of slightly saline water for irrigation will lead to an increase in soil salinity. However, the active earthworms of this invention can adjust the soil substrate of the planting ridges in real time, improve the soil microbial environment, and avoid the impact of slightly saline irrigation water on the normal growth of crops.

[0027] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will become apparent in part from the following description, and in part from those skilled in the art through study and practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of planting sites for this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can implement it based on the description.

[0030] It should be understood that terms such as “having,” “comprising,” and “including” as used herein do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or combinations thereof.

[0031] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods described in the following implementation plan are all conventional methods, and the reagents and materials described are all commercially available unless otherwise specified.

[0032] In the description of this invention, the terms "lateral", "longitudinal", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", and "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0033] <Example 1>

[0034] This invention provides a method for constructing a salt-tolerant growth-promoting system based on biochar and vermicompost, which includes the following steps:

[0035] Step 1: Mix farmyard manure and chopped wolfberry branches at a mass ratio of 4:1 to obtain the first mixture. Adjust the initial moisture content of the mixture to 60%. Use the first mixture to create planting ridges at intervals on the planting site. Inoculate the first mixture with a compound microbial agent at a wet weight ratio of 8‰v / m. Mix well and compost for 10 days to obtain semi-composted material. Passing the high-temperature period during composting is to prevent earthworms from escaping or dying due to high temperatures. (The text then repeats itself, so the translation reflects this.) Figure 1 As shown, the planting ridges are 100cm wide and 20cm high. A breeding area is set between any two adjacent planting ridges, and a walkway is reserved next to each breeding area. The compound microbial agent includes Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus thuringiensis, Candida albicans, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus in a mass ratio of 1:1:1:1:1.

[0036] Step 2: Inoculate earthworms into the planting ridges. After 10 days, add biochar to the planting ridges, mix well, and continue composting (earthworm in-situ composting) for another 10 days, maintaining the moisture content of the ridges at 60%. The mass ratio of semi-decomposed compost to biochar is 3:1; the earthworm inoculation rate is 0.1 kg / m². 3; compost overheat period first inoculated with earthworms, earthworms and microbial force digestion of straw lignified material; digestion of the end of the introduction of inert carbon pool (biochar) to form earthworm manure biochar - complete digestion as a planting ridge;

[0037] Step three, the edible fungus residue and fermented cow dung according to the quality ratio of 1:3 mixed to get the second mixture, using the second mixture in the breeding land breeding ridge, the width of the breeding ridge is 30 cm, the height is 15 cm; watering cow dung liquid to the second mixture to 75%, in the breeding ridge on the 2cm thick layer of earthworm manure containing earthworm cocoon, 5cm thick traditional Chinese medicine residue; the amount of earthworm cocoon in the earthworm manure layer is 100 / m 3 ;

[0038] Step four, after the complete digestion of the planting ridge of step two, the planting ridge is sown with onion seeds, and after the onion seedlings cover the surface of the planting ridge, the planting ridge is inserted with wolfberry sprout; the planting ridge is sown with 10 pounds of onion seeds per acre, and 6 rows of wolfberry sprouts are planted with a distance of 12.5 cm from the left and right ridge edges, a plant spacing of 10 cm, and a row spacing of 15 cm;

[0039] Step five, after the wolfberry sprout is inserted, every 15 days, the surface of the planting ridge is drip irrigated with a compound microbial agent aqueous solution (brackish water) with a concentration of 0.01 g / L, and the amount of compound microbial agent used for each drip irrigation is 4 acres / L.

[0040] <Example 2>

[0041] The same as example 1, the difference is that the preparation method of biochar includes the following steps:

[0042] S1, the garden waste is crushed and mixed with graphene oxide at a mass ratio of 1:0.1, high temperature pyrolysis under inert gas environment for 2-3h, to get the first carbonized product;

[0043] S2, the first biochar is soaked in 0.1 mol / L potassium permanganate solution for 1-2h, and then high temperature pyrolysis under inert gas environment for 1-2h, and washed with water for 3 times to get biochar crude product;

[0044] S3, the earthworm homogenate, humus soil and bamboo vinegar are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:1:0.4 to get the third mixture, and the pH of the third mixture is adjusted to neutral, which is placed in a light-proof anaerobic room at room temperature for 3-4d to get the co-fermented product;

[0045] S4, the biochar crude product and the co-fermented product are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:0.8 to get the fourth mixture, and the pH of the fourth mixture is adjusted to neutral, which is placed at room temperature for 8-10d, and then low temperature vacuum drying, to get the product.

[0046] The remaining parameters and experimental conditions are consistent with example 1.

[0047] <Example 3>

[0048] The same as example 1, except that before step four, a plurality of grooves are arranged on the planting ridge at intervals, and a net bag is placed in each groove, and each net bag contains a melon and fruit peel, and a water storage block is arranged on the top of the net bag, and the preparation method of the water storage block is as follows: a mixture of bagasse, edible fungus residue, corn silk and attapulgite in a mass ratio of 1:1:1:0.5 is mixed, crushed, vacuum dried and pressed into a cake to obtain the water storage block.

[0049] The remaining parameters and experimental conditions are consistent with example 1.

[0050] <Example 4>

[0051] The same as example 3, except that in step five, 35℃ water is added to the water storage block at the upper part of each groove after each drip irrigation to make the water storage block swell.

[0052] <Comparative Example 1>

[0053] The same as example 1, except that the breeding site is blank, and no breeding ridge is arranged, and the remaining conditions and parameters are the same as example 1.

[0054] <Comparative Example 2>

[0055] The same as example 1, except that the compound microbial agent is not added, and the remaining conditions and parameters are the same as example 1.

[0056] <Comparative Example 3>

[0057] The same as example 1, except that the biochar is not added, and the remaining conditions and parameters are the same as example 1.

[0058] <Comparative Example 4>

[0059] The same as example 1, except that the earthworms are not inoculated, and the remaining conditions and parameters are the same as example 1.

[0060] <Comparative Example 5>

[0061] The same as example 1, except that neither biochar nor earthworms are added, and the remaining conditions and parameters are the same as example 1.

[0062] <Comparative Example 6>

[0063] The same as example 1, except that in step four, the chives seeds are not scattered on the planting ridge, and the wolfberry sprout is directly cut, and the remaining conditions and parameters are the same as example 1.

[0064] <Comparative Example 7>

[0065] The difference between the embodiment 1 and the example 1 is that in the step 5, the equal amount of water (the slightly salty water used for preparing the water solution of the compound microbial agent) is drip irrigated on the surface of the planting ridge every 15 days, and the rest conditions and parameters are the same as those in the embodiment 1.

[0066] <Experimental example 1>

[0067] The planting methods of the embodiments 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-7 are used to plant the wolfberry sprout in the saline-alkali soil of the same quality (the soil pH is 8.6, the total salt content is 3.4 g / kg, and the organic matter content is 12.31 g / kg). After the wolfberry sprout is mature, the wolfberry sprout is picked, and the yield of the wolfberry sprout is counted after one planting cycle. The soil physical and chemical properties of the soil after the planting are measured, including the soil organic matter content (NYT 1121.6-2006), the soil bulk density (the ring knife method), the water content of the soil at a depth of 25 cm, the soil pH value, and the total salt content (FHZDZTR0070). The specific results are shown in Table 1.

[0068] Table 1: The yield of wolfberry sprout and the soil properties

[0069]

[0070] As shown in Table 1, compared with the comparative examples 1-7, the embodiments 1-4 of the present application effectively improve the soil matrix properties of the saline-alkali soil, which is more suitable for the growth of the wolfberry sprout, and greatly improves the yield of the wolfberry sprout. In particular, the soil organic matter and the water content of the embodiment 4 are significantly improved, the pH is adjusted to be neutral, which is more suitable for the growth of crops, and the bulk density and the total salt content are significantly reduced. Therefore, it can be known that the earthworms, the biochar, and the compound microbial agent are combined to make the planting ridge, the earthworm breeding ridge is arranged beside the planting ridge, the salt-tolerant crop allium is planted, and the compound microbial agent is applied with the drip irrigation water during the planting process. The bait preferred by the earthworms is used to increase the activity range of the earthworms, which not only can improve the yield of the wolfberry sprout, but also can effectively improve the soil properties of the saline-alkali soil.

[0071] The number of devices and the scale of processing described herein are used to simplify the description of the present application. The application, modification, and variation of the present application are obvious to those skilled in the art.

[0072] Although the embodiments of the present application have been disclosed as above, they are not limited to the application and the embodiments listed in the specification, and can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present application, and other modifications can be easily realized by those skilled in the art. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the specific details and the figures shown and described herein, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the equivalent scope.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a salt-tolerant growth promoting system based on biochar-worm castings, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: Step one, uniformly mix the poultry manure and the cut wolfberry branches to obtain a first mixture, add the first mixture to the planting field to form planting ridges, inoculate the complex microbial inoculum into the first mixture, uniformly mix and compost for 10 days to obtain semi-composted material; wherein, the complex microbial inoculum comprises Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus thuringiensis, Candida utilis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus in a mass ratio of 1:1:1:1:1; and the composting ridge is arranged between any two adjacent planting ridges; Step two, inoculate earthworms into the planting ridge, add biochar into the planting ridge after 10 days, uniformly mix and continue composting, and maintain the moisture content of the ridge at 60% during the composting; the mass ratio of the semi-composted material to the biochar is 3:1; The preparation method of the biochar comprises the following steps: S1, mix the garden waste and graphene oxide in a mass ratio of 1:0.1, pyrolyze under inert gas environment for 3 hours to obtain a first carbonized product; S2, soak the first carbonized product in a 0.1 mol / L potassium permanganate solution for 2 hours, then pyrolyze again under inert gas environment for 2 hours, and then wash with water for 3 times to obtain a biochar crude product; S3, mix the earthworm homogenate, humus soil and bamboo vinegar in a mass ratio of 1:1:0.4 to obtain a third mixture, adjust the pH of the third mixture to neutral, and then ferment the third mixture in an anaerobic room at room temperature for 4 days to obtain a co-fermented product; S4, mix the biochar crude product and the co-fermented product in a mass ratio of 1:0.8 to obtain a fourth mixture, adjust the pH of the fourth mixture to neutral, and then ferment the fourth mixture at room temperature for 10 days, and then low-temperature vacuum dry to obtain the biochar; Step three, mix the edible fungus residue and the fermented and composted cow dung in a mass ratio of 1:3 to obtain a second mixture, use the second mixture to form a breeding ridge in the breeding field, irrigate the breeding ridge with cow dung liquid until the water content of the second mixture is 75%, and then sequentially lay a 2 cm thick earthworm manure layer containing earthworm cocoons and a 5 cm thick traditional Chinese medicine residue on the breeding ridge; Step four, after the material in the planting ridge of step two is completely decomposed, sprinkle the Allium saxatile seeds on the planting ridge, and then graft the wolfberry sprouts on the planting ridge after the Allium saxatile seedlings cover the surface of the planting ridge; Step five, after grafting the wolfberry sprouts, drip irrigate the surface of the planting ridge with a complex microbial inoculum aqueous solution with a concentration of 0.01 g / L every 15 days, and the amount of the complex microbial inoculum used for each drip irrigation is 4 m2 / L; Before step four, a plurality of grooves are arranged on the planting ridge at intervals, a mesh bag is placed in each groove, and a piece of fruit or vegetable peel is placed in each mesh bag; a water storage block is arranged on the top of each mesh bag; and the water storage block is prepared by mixing, crushing, vacuum drying and pressing sugarcane residue, edible fungus residue, corn silk and attapulgite in a mass ratio of 1:1:1:0.5 to obtain a cake; In step five, after each drip irrigation, 35℃ water is added to the water storage block at the upper part of each groove to swell the water storage block.

2. The method for constructing a charcoal-worm cast based salt-tolerant growth promoting system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The mass ratio of the poultry manure to the cut wolfberry branches is 4:

1.

3. The method of constructing a charcoal-worm cast based salt-tolerant growth promoting system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The width of the planting ridge is 100 cm, and the height is 20 cm; the width of the breeding ridge is 30 cm, and the height is 15 cm. The width of the planting ridge is 100 cm, and the height is 20 cm; the width of the breeding ridge is 30 4. The method of constructing a charcoal-worm cast based salt-tolerant growth promoting system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The inoculation amount of earthworms in step two is 0.1 kg / m 3 ; in step three, the amount of earthworm cocoons in the earthworm manure layer is 100 / m 3 .

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