Cutting tool and method of manufacturing the same

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of cutting tools and its preparation method.Cutting tool includes tool base body and composite coating, composite coating includes TiAlXN layer and TiSiYN layer sequentially stacked on tool base body;X element is selected from at least one of B and Ta, Y element is selected from at least one of B, V and Mo.Wherein, X element can refine coating grain, improve the hardness of coating, Y element has self-lubricating, can reduce the friction coefficient of tool coating, in turn reduce the friction between cutting tool and workpiece, cutting tool and chip, thereby reduce the wear of cutting tool, improve tool wear resistance.Above-mentioned cutting tool can simultaneously meet the cutting requirement to 201 stainless steel and 304 stainless steel material, prolong tool service life, in turn can reduce the frequency of replacement tool in cutting process, improve production efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cutting tool surface protection technology, and in particular to a cutting tool and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] 201 and 304 stainless steels differ significantly in properties; 201 stainless steel is harder and more brittle than 304. Machining 201 stainless steel requires cutting tools with better toughness to resist impact loads. 304 stainless steel, on the other hand, has good toughness and high plasticity, making it prone to work hardening during machining. This leads to faster tool wear, higher cutting forces and temperatures, and makes it difficult to break or allow the workpiece to stick, as well as control over machining accuracy and surface quality. These differences place higher demands on cutting tools in terms of hardness, toughness, coefficient of friction, and crack propagation resistance.

[0003] Traditional techniques involve coating cutting tools with TiAlN coatings, which can generally meet the machining requirements of 201 stainless steel. However, when machining 304 stainless steel, the cutting tools suffer from insufficient hardness and wear resistance, leading to easy tool wear.

[0004] Traditional cutting tools with TiAlN+TiSiN composite coating can meet the hardness and wear resistance requirements when machining 304 stainless steel. However, when machining 201 stainless steel, the tools are prone to insufficient toughness and chipping. They still cannot meet the machining requirements of both 304 and 201 stainless steel at the same time. Frequent tool changes are required during the production process, resulting in low production efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a cutting tool with high hardness, low wear resistance and good toughness and its preparation method, which can simultaneously meet the processing requirements of 201 stainless steel and 304 stainless steel.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a cutting tool, comprising a tool substrate and a composite coating, wherein the composite coating comprises a TiAlXN layer and a TiSiYN layer sequentially stacked on the tool substrate;

[0007] The X element is selected from at least one of B and Ta, and the Y element is selected from at least one of B, V and Mo.

[0008] The aforementioned cutting tool features a composite coating comprising a TiAlXN layer and a TiSiYN layer on its substrate. The X element, selected from at least one of B and Ta, refines the coating grains and increases its hardness. The Y element, selected from at least one of B, V, and Mo, possesses self-lubricating properties, significantly reducing the coefficient of friction of the tool coating. This reduces friction between the cutting tool and the workpiece, and between the cutting tool and the chips, thereby reducing tool wear and improving its wear resistance. The cutting tool with this composite coating exhibits excellent resistance to crack propagation at the coating interface between the tool substrate and the composite coating, effectively enhancing the tool's toughness. This cutting tool can simultaneously meet the cutting requirements of both 201 and 304 stainless steel materials, extending tool life and reducing the frequency of tool replacement during machining, thus improving production efficiency.

[0009] In some embodiments of this application, the composite coating further includes a TiSiN layer disposed between the TiAlXN layer and the TiSiYN layer.

[0010] In some embodiments of this application, the composite coating contains multiple TiAlXN layers and multiple TiSiN layers, which are alternately stacked to form a first composite structure. The first composite structure is stacked with the TiSiYN layer, and the innermost layer of the first composite structure is the TiAlXN layer.

[0011] In some embodiments of this application, in the first composite structure, the thickness of the innermost TiAlXN layer is 15nm-1μm, and the thickness of the other individual TiAlXN layers is 15nm-50nm; and / or, in the first composite structure, the thickness of a single TiSiN layer is 15nm-50nm.

[0012] In some embodiments of this application, the composite coating contains multiple TiAlXN layers and multiple TiSiYN layers, which are alternately stacked to form a second composite structure; the outermost layer of the second composite structure is a TiSiYN layer.

[0013] In some embodiments of this application, the composite coating includes a first composite structure disposed between the second composite structure and the tool substrate.

[0014] In some embodiments of this application, in the second composite structure, the outermost TiSiYN layer has a thickness of 0.1 μm-1 μm, and the thickness of the other individual TiSiYN layers is 15 nm-50 nm; and / or, in the second composite structure, the thickness of the individual TiAlXN layer is 15 nm-50 nm.

[0015] In some embodiments of this application, the composite coating includes a transition layer disposed between the tool substrate and the TiAlXN layer.

[0016] In some embodiments of this application, the transition layer includes Ti 40 Al 60 N-layer and Ti 30 Al 60 Ta 10 At least one of the N layers.

[0017] In some embodiments of this application, the transition layer includes Ti sequentially stacked on the tool substrate. 40 Al 60 N-layer and Ti 30 Al 60 Ta 10 N layers.

[0018] A second aspect of this application provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned cutting tool, comprising the following steps:

[0019] The composite coating is formed on the tool substrate.

[0020] In some embodiments, the composite coating is formed by at least one of magnetron sputtering and cathodic arc deposition. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a cutting tool according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a cutting tool according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a cutting tool according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a cutting tool according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0026] 100. Tool base;

[0027] 200. Composite coating; 201. TiAlXN layer; 202. TiSiYN layer;

[0028] 210. Transition layer; 211. Ti 40 Al 60 N layers; 212, Ti 30 Al 60 Ta 10N layers;

[0029] 220. First composite structure;

[0030] 221. The TiAlXN layer in the first composite structure; 222. The TiSiN layer in the first composite structure;

[0031] 230. Second composite structure;

[0032] 231. TiAlXN layer in the second composite structure; 232. TiSiYN layer in the second composite structure. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, a more comprehensive description is provided below, along with preferred embodiments. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. It should be understood that these embodiments are provided to provide a thorough and complete understanding of the disclosure of the present invention.

[0034] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0035] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0036] The weights of the relevant components mentioned in the embodiments of this invention can refer not only to the specific content of each component, but also to the proportional relationship between the weights of the components. Therefore, any scaling up or down of the content of the relevant components according to the embodiments of this invention is within the scope disclosed in the embodiments of this invention. Specifically, the weights mentioned in the embodiments of this invention can be well-known units of mass in the chemical industry, such as μg, mg, g, and kg.

[0037] One embodiment of the present invention provides a cutting tool, including a tool substrate and a composite coating. The composite coating includes a TiAlXN layer and a TiSiYN layer sequentially stacked on the tool substrate; the X element is selected from at least one of B and Ta, and the Y element is selected from at least one of B, V and Mo.

[0038] The aforementioned cutting tool features a composite coating comprising a TiAlXN layer and a TiSiYN layer on its substrate. The X element, selected from at least one of B and Ta, refines the coating grains and increases its hardness. The Y element, selected from at least one of B, V, and Mo, possesses self-lubricating properties, significantly reducing the friction coefficient of the tool coating. This reduces friction between the cutting tool and the workpiece, and between the cutting tool and the chips, thereby reducing tool wear and improving its wear resistance. The cutting tool with this composite coating exhibits excellent resistance to crack propagation at the coating interface between the tool substrate and the composite coating, effectively enhancing the tool's toughness. This cutting tool can simultaneously meet the cutting requirements of both 201 and 304 stainless steel materials, extending tool life and reducing the frequency of tool replacement during machining, thus improving production efficiency.

[0039] See appendix Figure 1 An example cutting tool includes a tool substrate 100 and a composite coating 200, wherein the composite coating 200 includes a TiAlXN layer 201 and a TiSiYN layer 202 sequentially stacked on the tool substrate 100.

[0040] Furthermore, the thickness of the TiAlXN layer is 0.1 μm-3 μm. As an example, the thickness of the TiAlXN layer can be 0.1 μm, 0.5 μm, 1.0 μm, 2.4 μm, or 3 μm. Furthermore, the thickness of the TiAlXN layer can be any value within a range formed by any two of the aforementioned values.

[0041] Furthermore, the thickness of the TiSiYN layer is 0.1 μm-3 μm. As an example, the thickness of the TiSiYN layer can be 0.1 μm, 0.5 μm, 1.0 μm, 2.4 μm, or 3 μm. Furthermore, the thickness of the TiSiYN layer can be within a range formed by any two of the aforementioned values.

[0042] Furthermore, the thickness of the composite coating is 0.2 μm-5 μm. It can be understood that the sum of the thicknesses of the TiAlXN layer and the TiSiYN layer is 0.2 μm-5 μm.

[0043] In some embodiments, the composite coating further includes a TiSiN layer disposed between the TiAlXN layer and the TiSiYN layer.

[0044] In some embodiments, the composite coating comprises multiple TiAlXN and TiSiN layers, which are alternately stacked to form a first composite structure. The first composite structure is stacked with a TiSiYN layer, and the innermost layer of the first composite structure is a TiAlXN layer. It can be understood that the innermost layer refers to the layer in the first composite structure closest to the tool substrate.

[0045] In some embodiments, the thickness of the first composite structure is 0.1 μm-3 μm. For example, the thickness of the first composite structure can be 0.1 μm, 0.5 μm, 1 μm, 1.5 μm, 2.4 μm, or 3 μm. Further, the thickness of the first composite structure can be a range of values ​​formed by any two of the aforementioned point values.

[0046] In some embodiments, the thickness of the innermost TiAlXN layer in the first composite structure is 15 nm to 1 μm. As an example, the thickness of the innermost TiAlXN layer in the first composite structure can be 15 nm, 20 nm, 30 nm, 50 nm, 0.1 μm, 0.2 μm, 0.3 μm, 0.5 μm, 0.7 μm, 0.8 μm, or 1 μm. Further, the thickness of the innermost TiAlXN layer in the first composite structure can be a range of values ​​formed by any two of the above points. Preferably, the thickness of the innermost TiAlXN layer in the first composite structure is 0.2 μm to 0.5 μm. Or, the thickness of the innermost TiAlXN layer in the first composite structure is 15 nm to 20 nm.

[0047] In some embodiments, the thickness of the other individual TiAlXN layers in the first composite structure is 15nm-50nm. As an example, the thickness of the other individual TiAlXN layers in the first composite structure can be 15nm, 18nm, 20nm, 30nm, 40nm, or 50nm. Further, the thickness of the other individual TiAlXN layers in the first composite structure can be a range of values ​​formed by any two of the above points. Preferably, the thickness of the other individual TiAlXN layers in the first composite structure can be 15nm-20nm.

[0048] In some embodiments, the thickness of a single TiSiN layer in the first composite structure is 15 nm to 50 nm. As an example, the thickness of a single TiSiN layer in the first composite structure can be 15 nm, 18 nm, 20 nm, 30 nm, 40 nm, or 50 nm. Further, the thickness of other single TiSiN layers in the first composite structure can be within a range formed by any two of the above values. Preferably, the thickness of a single TiSiN layer in the first composite structure is 15 nm to 20 nm.

[0049] See Figure 2An example cutting tool includes a tool substrate 100 and a composite coating 200, wherein the composite coating 200 includes a first composite structure 220 and a TiSiYN layer 202 sequentially stacked on the tool substrate 100. The first composite structure 220 is formed by alternating layers of multiple TiAlXN layers 221 and TiSiN layers 222 (see attached diagram). Figure 2 The diagram only shows four alternating stacked TiAlXN layers 221 and TiSiN layers 222 (there can be more than four alternating stacked TiAlXN layers 221 and TiSiN layers 222), and the innermost layer of the first composite structure 220 is a TiAlXN layer 221.

[0050] In some embodiments, the composite coating comprises multiple TiAlXN and TiSiYN layers, which are alternately stacked to form a second composite structure; the outermost layer of the second composite structure is a TiSiYN layer. It can be understood that the outermost layer refers to the layer in the second composite structure furthest from the tool substrate.

[0051] It is understood that in some examples, the composite coating described above may contain only the second composite structure. In other embodiments, the composite coating may simultaneously include a first composite structure and a second composite structure, with the first composite structure disposed between the second composite structure and the tool substrate. See Appendix Figure 3 An example cutting tool includes a tool substrate 100 and a composite coating 200, the composite coating 200 including a first composite structure 220 and a second composite structure 230 sequentially stacked on the surface of the tool substrate.

[0052] In some embodiments, the thickness of the second composite structure is 0.1 μm-3 μm. As an example, the thickness of the second composite structure can be 0.1 μm, 0.5 μm, 1 μm, 1.5 μm, 2.4 μm, or 3 μm. Further, the thickness of the second composite structure can be a range of values ​​formed by any two of the aforementioned point values.

[0053] In some embodiments, the thickness of the outermost TiSiYN layer in the second composite structure is 0.1 μm-1 μm. As an example, the thickness of the outermost TiSiYN layer in the second composite structure can be 0.1 μm, 0.2 μm, 0.3 μm, 0.5 μm, 0.7 μm, 0.8 μm, or 1 μm. Further, the thickness of the outermost TiSiYN layer in the second composite structure can be a range of values ​​formed by any two of the above points.

[0054] In some embodiments, the thickness of the other individual TiSiYN layers in the second composite structure is 15nm-50nm. As an example, the thickness of the other individual TiSiYN layers in the second composite structure can be 15nm, 18nm, 20nm, 30nm, 40nm, or 50nm. Further, the thickness of the other individual TiSiYN layers in the second composite structure can be within a range formed by any two of the above values. Preferably, the thickness of the other individual TiSiYN layers in the second composite structure can be 15nm-20nm.

[0055] In some embodiments, the thickness of a single TiAlXN layer in the second composite structure is 15nm-50nm. As an example, the thickness of a single TiAlXN layer in the second composite structure can be 15nm, 18nm, 20nm, 30nm, 40nm, or 50nm. Further, the thickness of a single TiAlXN layer in the second composite structure can be a range of values ​​formed by any two of the above points. Preferably, the thickness of a single TiAlXN layer in the second composite structure is 15nm-20nm.

[0056] In some embodiments, the composite coating includes a transition layer disposed between the tool substrate and the TiAlXN layer. Providing a transition layer between the tool substrate and the TiAlXN layer helps to improve the adhesion between the tool substrate and the composite coating, thereby improving the wear resistance of the cutting tool.

[0057] It is understood that when the composite coating contains the aforementioned first composite structure, the transition layer is located between the tool substrate and the first composite structure. Specifically, the transition layer is located between the tool substrate and the innermost TiAlXN layer in the first composite structure.

[0058] In some embodiments, the transition layer includes Ti 40 Al 60 N-layer and Ti 30 Al 60 Ta 10 At least one of the N layers. Wherein, Ti 40 Al 60 N and Ti 30 Al 60 Ta 10 The number of N atoms in N is assumed to be 50% of the total number of atoms, and the number of other atoms is also 50% of the total number of atoms. This is omitted in the molecular formula. The subscript value 40 / 60 indicates that the atomic ratio of Ti to Al is 40:60. Ti 30 Al 60 Ta 10 The subscript values ​​30 / 60 / 10 in N indicate that the atomic ratio of Ti, Al, and Ta is 30:60:10.

[0059] In some embodiments, the transition layer includes Ti sequentially stacked on the tool substrate. 40 Al 60 N-layer and Ti 30 Al 60 Ta 10 N layers. By sequentially stacking two transition layers, the adhesion between the film and the substrate can be improved.

[0060] In some embodiments, Ti 40 Al 60 The thickness of the N layer is 0.1μm-0.5μm.

[0061] In some embodiments, Ti 30 Al 60 Ta 10 The thickness of the N layer is 0.1μm-0.5μm.

[0062] See appendix Figure 4 An example cutting tool includes a tool substrate 100 and a composite coating 200, the composite coating 200 including a transition layer 210, a first composite structure 220 and a second composite structure 230 sequentially stacked on the surface of the tool substrate.

[0063] Furthermore, the transition layer 210 includes Ti layers sequentially stacked on the surface of the tool substrate 100. 40 Al 60 N-layer 211 and Ti 30 Al 60 Ta 10 N layers 212. Ti 40 Al 60 N-layer 211 is disposed between the tool substrate 100 and Ti. 30 Al 60 Ta 10 Between layer N and layer 212; Ti 30 Al 60 Ta 10 N-layer 212 is set at Ti 40 Al 60 Between the N layer 211 and the innermost TiAlXN layer 221 of the first composite structure.

[0064] The first composite structure 220 includes multiple sequentially and alternately stacked on Ti. 30 Al 60 Ta 10 TiAlXN layer 221 and TiSiN layer 222 on N layer 212 ( Figure 4The image shows only four alternating layers of TiAlXN 221 and TiSiN 222 (there can be more than four alternating layers of TiAlXN 221 and TiSiN 222). The innermost layer in the first composite structure is TiAlXN 221, and the outermost layer is TiSiN 222. The innermost layer in the first composite structure is the layer closest to the tool substrate, and the outermost layer is the layer furthest from the tool substrate.

[0065] The second composite structure 230 includes a plurality of TiAlXN layers 231 and TiSiYN layers 232 that are alternately stacked on the first composite structure. Figure 4 The image only shows four alternating layers of TiAlXN 231 and TiSiYN 232 (more than four layers of TiAlXN 231 and TiSiYN 232 can be alternating). In the second composite structure, the innermost layer is TiAlXN 231, and the outermost layer is TiSiYN 232. The innermost layer in the second composite structure is the layer closest to the tool substrate, and the outermost layer is the layer furthest from the tool substrate.

[0066] An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned cutting tool, comprising the following steps:

[0067] The aforementioned composite coating is formed on the tool substrate.

[0068] In some embodiments, a composite coating is formed by at least one of magnetron sputtering and cathodic arc deposition.

[0069] It is understood that each layer in the composite coating, including the TiAlXN layer and the TiSiYN layer, can be formed using the above method, and then sequentially formed on the tool substrate according to the stacking order.

[0070] In some embodiments, the tool substrate may be made of cemented carbide, high-speed steel, or cubic boron nitride (CBN). As an example, the material of the tool substrate includes, but is not limited to, cemented carbide WNMG080408.

[0071] In some embodiments, the surface roughness Ra of the tool substrate is 0.4 μm-0.8 μm.

[0072] In some embodiments, the TiAlXN layer in the composite coating is formed by simultaneously employing a magnetron sputtering method and a cathodic arc deposition method.

[0073] In one embodiment, the process parameters for forming the TiAlXN layer include: a bias voltage of 30V-200V and an average arc source current density of 0.5A / cm².2 -2A / cm 2 The magnetron sputtering source has an average power density of 5 W / cm². 2 -20W / cm 2 The cavity pressure is 2Pa-6Pa.

[0074] In some embodiments, the TiSiYN layer in the composite coating is formed by simultaneously employing a magnetron sputtering method and a cathodic arc deposition method.

[0075] In one embodiment, the process parameters for forming the TiSiYN layer include: a bias voltage of 30V-200V and an average power density of 5W / cm² for the magnetron sputtering source. 2 -20W / cm 2 The cavity pressure is 0.4 Pa to 3 Pa.

[0076] In some embodiments, the process parameters for forming the TiSiN layer include: a bias voltage of 30V-200V and an average power density of 5W / cm² for the magnetron sputtering source. 2 -20W / cm 2 The cavity pressure is 0.4 Pa to 3 Pa.

[0077] In some embodiments, the magnetron sputtering source target used in the magnetron sputtering method can be TixAlyXz or TiaSibYc. In TixAlyXz, x, y, and z represent the ratio of the atomic numbers of Ti, Al, and X, and x, y, and z satisfy the following conditions: x + y + z = 1, 0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.5, and y = 2x. The X element in TixAlyXz can be at least one of B and Ta.

[0078] In TiaSibYc, a, b, and c represent the ratio of the atomic numbers of Ti, Si, and Y, and a, b, and c satisfy the following conditions: a + b + c = 1, 0.10 ≤ b ≤ 0.25, and 0.02 ≤ c ≤ 0.1. The Y element in TiaSibYc can be at least one of B, V, and Mo.

[0079] In some embodiments, the cathode arc source target used in the cathode arc deposition method may be Ti. 40 Al 60、 Ti 30 Al 60 Ta 10 and Ti 85 Si 15 At least one of them. Wherein, Ti 40 Al 60、 Ti 30 Al 60 Ta 10 and Ti 85 Si 15In the figures, 40 / 60, 30 / 60 / 10, and 85 / 15 represent the ratio of the number of atoms of each element.

[0080] In one embodiment, the method of forming the first composite structure includes: under a bias voltage of 30-200V and an average current density of 0.5A / cm² from the arc source. 2 -2A / cm 2 The magnetron sputtering source has an average power density of 5 W / cm². 2 -20W / cm 2 Under cavity pressure of 2Pa-6Pa, TiAlXN and TiSiN layers were deposited alternately to obtain the first complex structure.

[0081] In one embodiment, the method for forming the second composite structure includes: under a bias voltage of 30V-200V and an average current density of 0.5A / cm² from the arc source. 2 -2A / cm 2 The magnetron sputtering source has an average power density of 5 W / cm². 2 -20W / cm 2 Under cavity pressure of 2Pa-6Pa, TiAlXN and TiSiYN layers were deposited alternately to obtain the second composite structure.

[0082] In some embodiments, the above-described method for preparing a cutting tool further includes the following steps:

[0083] A transition layer is first formed on the surface of the tool substrate, and then TiAlXN and TiSiYN layers are formed sequentially.

[0084] In some embodiments, a transition layer is formed on the tool substrate using a cathodic arc deposition method.

[0085] It is understandable that Ti in the transition layer 40 Al 60 N-layer and Ti 30 Al 60 Ta 10 All N layers can be formed using the above method, and are formed sequentially on the tool substrate in the order of layering.

[0086] Forming the aforementioned transition layer using the cathodic arc deposition method helps to improve the bonding force between the composite coating and the tool substrate, thereby effectively improving the tool's wear resistance.

[0087] In some embodiments, the process parameters for forming the transition layer include: a bias voltage of 30V-60V and an average arc source current density of 0.5A / cm². 2 -2A / cm 2 The cavity pressure is 2Pa-6Pa.

[0088] In some embodiments, the above-described method for preparing cutting tools further includes, before the step of sequentially applying a coating to the tool substrate, the following pretreatment steps S10-S20 for the tool substrate.

[0089] S10. Sandblasting is performed on the surface of the tool substrate to obtain a tool substrate with a surface roughness Ra of 0.3μm-0.5μm.

[0090] Furthermore, the blasting medium can be silicon carbide or aluminum oxide.

[0091] S20. The surface of the tool substrate obtained in step S10 is bombarded with working gas under vacuum atmosphere and then etched to obtain a tool substrate with a surface roughness Ra of 0.4μm-0.8μm.

[0092] Furthermore, the working gas includes at least one of argon and krypton, and the etching time is 20-60 minutes.

[0093] In some embodiments, in order to achieve the surface roughness of step S10, the etching step in step S20 may be performed multiple times as needed.

[0094] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer and more concise, the invention is described using the following specific embodiments, but the invention is by no means limited to these embodiments. The embodiments described below are merely preferred embodiments of the invention and can be used to describe the invention, but should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the protection scope of this invention.

[0095] To better illustrate the present invention, the following embodiments are provided for further explanation. The specific embodiments are as follows.

[0096] Example 1

[0097] Carbide (WNMG080408) turning inserts and a 20*20*5mm carbide test block were used as the substrates to prepare cutting tools and test blocks respectively.

[0098] The specific steps are as follows:

[0099] (a) Preprocessing:

[0100] (1) Pretreatment: Sandblasting is performed on the surface of the substrate. The process parameters for sandblasting are: sandblasting time is 4 min, sandblasting medium is 500 mesh SiC, pressure is 1.1 MPa, sandblasting distance is 85 mm, and sandblasting angle is 50° to obtain a tool substrate and test block substrate with a surface roughness Ra of 0.4 μm.

[0101] (2) Vacuuming: Place the sample into the Huasheng HA800 vacuum coating equipment and use a vacuum pump to extract the air from the vacuum coating machine cavity so that the vacuum degree inside the vacuum coating machine reaches 0.1Pa.

[0102] (3) Heating: Start the heating module to make the cavity temperature reach 500℃.

[0103] (4) Etching: Argon gas is introduced into the vacuum coating machine to bombard the surface of the workpiece to remove the firmly attached oxide layer and other impurities. After etching for 20 minutes at 280V, the surface roughness of the workpiece is approximately Ra0.46μm.

[0104] (ii) The workpiece substrate obtained in step (4) is coated using a cathode arc power supply and a magnetron sputtering source. The coating process uses nitrogen and argon as working gases.

[0105] The specific coating steps are as follows:

[0106] The arc-igniting needle generates an electric arc to evaporate the target material, causing the target material to emit an ion beam. The coating particles in the ion beam are deposited on the surface of the tool substrate to form a corresponding coating layer. The composite coating is formed on the substrate surface in sequence, and the process conditions are as follows:

[0107] Ti 40 Al 60 N-layer: Using Ti target material 40 Al 60 (Where 40 / 60 represents the ratio of Ti to Al atoms in the target material as 40:60), with a bias voltage of 45V and an average arc source current density of 0.5-2A / cm². 2 Ti with a thickness of 0.15 μm was obtained under a cavity pressure of 2-6 Pa. 40 Al 60 N layers.

[0108] Ti 30 Al 60 Ta 10 N-layer: Using Ti target material 30 Al 60 Ta 10 (Where 30 / 60 / 10 represent the atomic ratio of Ti:Al:Ta in the target material as 30:60:10.) At a bias voltage of 55V, the average current density of the arc source is 0.5-2A / cm². 2 Ti with a thickness of 0.15 μm was obtained under a cavity pressure of 2-6 Pa. 30 Al 60 Ta 10 N transition layer;

[0109] First TiAlTaN layer: Magnetron sputtering using Ti target material 30 Al 60 Ta 10 (Where 30 / 60 / 10 represent the atomic ratio of Ti:Al:Ta in the target material as 30:60:10). The bias voltage is 40V, and the average power density of the magnetron sputtering source is 10W / cm². 2 Under a cavity pressure of 0.6 Pa, a first TiAlTaN layer with a thickness of 1.0 μm was obtained.

[0110] TiAlTaN / TiSiN layer: The cathode arc deposition target material is Ti 85 Si 15 (Where 85 / 15 represents the atomic ratio of Ti:Si in the target material, which is 85:15); magnetron sputtering uses a Ti target material. 30 Al 60 Ta 10 (Where 30 / 60 / 10 represent the atomic ratio of Ti:Al:Ta in the target material as 30:60:10). Under a bias voltage of 60V and an average arc source current density of 2A / cm². 2 The average power density of the magnetron sputtering source is 10 W / cm². 2 Under a cavity pressure of 3 Pa, a second TiAlTaN layer and a TiSiN layer were deposited alternately in sequence. The thickness of a single second TiAlTaN layer was 20 nm, and the thickness of a single TiSiN layer was 20 nm. The thickness of the TiAlTaN / TiSiN composite structure layer obtained after alternating deposition was 0.6 μm.

[0111] TiAlTaN / TiSiBN layer: Magnetron sputtering uses a Ti target material. 30 Al 60 Ta 10 (Where 30 / 60 / 10 represent the ratio of the number of atoms in the target material Ti:Al:Ta as 30:60:10), Ti 80 Si 15 B5 (where 80 / 15 / 5 represent the atomic ratio of Ti:Si:B in the target material as 80:15:5), at a bias voltage of 60V and an average power density of 10W / cm² in the magnetron sputtering source. 2 Under a cavity pressure of 0.6 Pa, the third TiAlTaN layer and the first TiSiBN layer were deposited alternately in sequence. The thickness of a single third TiAlTaN layer was 20 nm, and the thickness of a single first TiSiBN layer was 20 nm. The thickness of the TiAlTaN / TiSiBN composite structure layer obtained after alternating deposition was 0.8 μm.

[0112] Second TiSiBN layer: Magnetron sputtering uses a Ti target material. 80Si 15 B5 (where 80 / 15 / 5 represent the atomic ratio of Ti:Si:B in the target material as 80:15:5), with a bias voltage of 80V and an average power density of 10W / cm² at the magnetron sputtering source. 2 A second TiSiBN layer with a thickness of 0.3 μm was obtained under a cavity pressure of 0.6 Pa.

[0113] Examples 1-4 all adopted the above preparation method, the only difference being that the coating materials TiAlTaN, TiSiBN and the thickness were different. The composite coating structure in the cutting tools and cutting test blocks prepared in Examples 1-4 was consistent. The specific structure of the composite coating in the coated cutting tools and cutting test blocks prepared in Examples 1-4 is shown in Table 1.

[0114] Comparative Example 1

[0115] The preparation method of Comparative Example 1 is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that the coating structure obtained when the workpiece substrate is coated in step (II) is different. Specifically, the composite coating structure of Comparative Example 1 is shown below:

[0116] (1) TiAlN layer: using Ti target material 40 Al 60 With a bias voltage of 40V and an average current density of 2A / cm² in the arc source, 2 A TiAlN layer with a thickness of 1.5 μm was obtained under a cavity pressure of 3 Pa.

[0117] (2) TiSiN layer: using Ti target material 85 Si 15 With a bias voltage of 80V and an average current density of 2A / cm² in the arc source, 2 A TiSiN layer with a thickness of 1.5 μm under a cavity pressure of 3 Pa.

[0118] The specific structure of the composite coating in the cutting tool and cutting test block prepared in Comparative Example 1 is shown in Table 1.

[0119] Comparative Example 2

[0120] The preparation method of Comparative Example 2 is basically the same as that of Comparative Example 1, except that the TiSiBN layer of equal thickness is formed in step (2) of Comparative Example 2.

[0121] Table 1

[0122]

[0123] Performance testing

[0124] Performance testing of cutting test blocks

[0125] Nano-scratching, nano-indentation, and tribological wear tests were conducted on the cutting test blocks prepared in each embodiment and comparative example. Specifically, the test methods are as follows:

[0126] Nano-scratching: The adhesion between the coating and the cemented carbide substrate was measured using an Anton Paar NST³ nano-scratching tester. A 120N termination load was set, the scratch length was 3mm, and the scratching time was set to 30s. Each coating was repeated 3 times to measure the adhesion and fracture toughness between the composite coating and the substrate.

[0127] Nanoindentation: The hardness and Young's modulus of the coating were measured using an Anton Paar NHT³ nanoindentation tester. A load of 20 mN was applied at a loading rate of 40 mN / min and held for 10 s. The indentation depth was less than one-tenth of the coating thickness. A matrix of indentation points was used to ensure sufficient data collection. The hardness H and Young's modulus E* of the coating were converted into the resistance to plastic deformation factor H. 3 / E* 2 This reflects the coating's ability to resist plastic deformation.

[0128] Friction and wear test: The wear resistance of the coating was measured using an MS-T3001 friction and wear tester. A stainless steel ball with a grinding head rotated in a circular path with a radius of 2 mm. The applied force was 5 N, the linear velocity was 0.1 m / s, and the total path distance was 200 m. Each coating was tested 10 times. The changes in friction force and coefficient of friction over time were recorded, and the average value of the coefficient of friction was taken. For the samples after the friction and wear test, the cross-sectional area of ​​the worn surface was measured using a three-dimensional profilometer and converted into a wear rate. The average wear rate was taken.

[0129] The performance results of the cutting test blocks prepared in each embodiment and comparative example are shown in Table 2.

[0130] Table 2

[0131]

[0132] H in the table 3 / E *2 It indicates the ability to resist plastic deformation.

[0133] As can be seen from Table 2, the composite coating of the cutting specimen prepared in Comparative Example 1 is Ti. 40 Al 60 N / Ti 85 Si 15 The composite coating of the cutting specimen prepared in Comparative Example 2 is Ti (N-layer). 40 Al 60The N / TiSiBN layer, while the composite coating of the cutting test blocks prepared in Examples 1-4 includes TiAlXN layer and TiSiYN layer, and the overall performance of the cutting test blocks of Examples 1-4 in terms of coating hardness, elastic modulus, resistance to plastic deformation, bonding force between the tool substrate and the composite coating and the wear resistance of the coating is better than that of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2.

[0134] Examples 1-4 describe composite coatings formed on cemented carbide cutting tools and test blocks. Performance tests on the cutting test blocks revealed that the composite coating achieved a coating hardness of 37.6 GPa-38.4 GPa, a Young's modulus of 472.5 GPa-483.5 GPa, and resistance to plastic deformation of 0.2373 GPa-0.2422 GPa. The adhesion between the substrate and the composite coating also reached 94.7 N-98.6 N. It exhibited a low wear rate, a low coefficient of friction, and superior overall wear resistance, meeting the cutting requirements of 201 and 304 stainless steel.

[0135] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0136] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of this invention patent should be determined by the appended claims, and the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A cutting tool, characterized in that, The tool substrate includes a composite coating, wherein the composite coating comprises a TiAlXN layer and a TiSiYN layer sequentially stacked on the tool substrate; The X element is selected from at least one of B and Ta, and the Y element is selected from at least one of B, V and Mo; The composite coating further includes a TiSiN layer disposed between the TiAlXN layer and the TiSiYN layer; The composite coating comprises multiple TiAlXN layers and multiple TiSiN layers, which are alternately stacked to form a first composite structure. The first composite structure is stacked with the TiSiYN layer, and the innermost layer of the first composite structure is the TiAlXN layer. In the first composite structure, the thickness of the innermost TiAlXN layer is 15nm-1μm, and the thickness of the other individual TiAlXN layers is 15nm-50nm; in the first composite structure, the thickness of a single TiSiN layer is 15nm-50nm.

2. The cutting tool as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The composite coating comprises multiple TiAlXN and TiSiYN layers, which are alternately stacked to form a second composite structure, wherein the outermost layer of the second composite structure is a TiSiYN layer.

3. The cutting tool as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The composite coating includes a first composite structure, which is disposed between the second composite structure and the tool substrate.

4. The cutting tool as described in claim 2, characterized in that, In the second composite structure, the outermost TiSiYN layer has a thickness of 0.1μm-1μm, and the thickness of each individual TiSiYN layer is 15nm-50nm; and / or, in the second composite structure, the thickness of each individual TiAlXN layer is 15nm-50nm.

5. The cutting tool according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The composite coating includes a transition layer disposed between the tool substrate and the TiAlXN layer.

6. The cutting tool as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The transition layer includes Ti 40 Al 60 N layer and Ti 30 Al 60 Ta 10 at least one of the N layer.

7. The cutting tool as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The transition layer includes Ti sequentially stacked on the tool substrate. 40 Al 60 N-layer and Ti 30 Al 60 Ta 10 N layers.

8. The method for preparing a cutting tool according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The composite coating is formed on the tool substrate.

9. The method for preparing a cutting tool as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The composite coating is formed by at least one of magnetron sputtering and cathodic arc deposition.

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