Camellia oleifera high yield hybrid breeding method combined with camellia oleifera fruit traits

Abstract

The application discloses a high-yield Camellia oleifera hybrid breeding method combining Camellia oleifera fruit characters, relates to the high-yield Camellia oleifera breeding technical field, and comprises the following steps: selecting high-yield parents, hybridizing, and obtaining a hybrid population family; predicting the unit crown area yield of each family of the hybrid population by a regression equation Y=10468.848+436.015X1+2345.035X2, wherein Y represents the unit crown area yield of the hybrid family, X1 represents the single fruit weight of the hybrid family fruit, and X2 represents the single fruit kernel number of the hybrid family fruit; screening high-yield hybrid family seeds according to the standard that the predicted unit crown area yield of the family is higher than the average value of the predicted hybrid population by 30%; in the high-yield hybrid family seeds, high-yield hybrid family seeds are screened according to the standard that the kernel weight is higher than the average value of the family by 30%; the high-yield hybrid family seeds are pretreated, the high-yield hybrid family seeds are cultivated into annual seedlings, and high-yield hybrid excellent seedlings are screened according to the standard that the seedling height is higher than the average value of the family by 30%. The application establishes a high-yield hybrid breeding technical system combining Camellia oleifera fruit characters, and the high-yield family selected by using the technical system has a selection efficiency greater than 60%, a selection accuracy of 100%, and an average unit crown area yield of high-yield excellent plants greater than 2.51 kg / m 2 , and solves the problems of long breeding cycle and low efficiency of the existing Camellia oleifera hybrid breeding.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to the high-yield breeding technology of Camellia oleifera Abel, in particular to a Camellia oleifera Abel high-yield hybrid breeding method combining fruit traits of Camellia oleifera Abel. BACKGROUND

[0002] Camellia oleifera Abel is one of the four major woody edible oil tree species in the world. By 2021, the planting area of Camellia oleifera Abel in China is 4.592 x 10 6 hm 2 , the Camellia oleifera Abel seed yield is 3.94 million tons, the annual tea oil yield is 0.889 million tons, and the Camellia oleifera Abel industry output value is 192 billion yuan. At present, China still needs to import a large amount of edible oil to fill the demand of the consumer market. Great progress has been made in the conventional breeding of Camellia oleifera Abel in China, but the rate of good seed is less than 20%, and it is particularly important to accelerate the breeding of high-quality and high-yield Camellia oleifera Abel in China.

[0003] A large number of studies have shown that yield traits are quantitative traits controlled by multiple genes, and the genetic mechanism is extremely complex. At present, yield phenotypic traits need to be identified after hybrid seedlings bloom and bear fruit, which has problems such as long cycle, occupation of land resources and high labor cost, and cannot realize rapid and accurate selection according to breeding goals. By using hybrid fruit traits to predict the yield of forest trees, through the observation of multiple traits, the productivity of each hybrid combination is reflected by regression analysis, and the advantages and disadvantages of the comprehensive traits of each hybrid combination are evaluated as a reference for the selection of excellent hybrid combinations; provide a basis for early selection of excellent hybrid combinations and excellent seedlings, greatly shorten the breeding cycle, and have important significance for the breeding of Camellia oleifera Abel

[0004] At present, Camellia oleifera Abel breeding mainly uses selection and hybrid breeding as the main means and yield as the main breeding purpose, and important progress has been made. China began to breed good seed of Camellia oleifera Abel in the mid-1950s, and has screened more than 20 excellent local varieties, more than 6000 excellent trees, bred 226 excellent clones, 19 excellent families and 5 excellent hybrid combinations identified by forest tree good seed, which has laid a solid material foundation for the good seed process of Camellia oleifera Abel in China. However, the high-generation breeding of Camellia oleifera Abel in China still cannot meet the demand of the increasingly developed Camellia oleifera Abel industry for good seed with higher generation and excellent genetic quality. At the same time, Wang Dongxue et al. have invented a Camellia oleifera Abel high-generation excellent tree early selection method, which includes excellent tree selection, excellent tree clone seedling cultivation and excellent tree clone seedling screening, but there is no technical system for high-yield breeding of Camellia oleifera Abel hybrid.

[0005] Therefore, how to provide a Camellia oleifera Abel high-yield hybrid breeding method is a problem to be solved by those skilled in the art. SUMMARY

[0006] Therefore, the application provides a high-yield Camellia oleifera hybrid breeding method combined with Camellia oleifera fruit traits. The method for obtaining high-yield hybrid superior trees is developed by constructing a high-yield Camellia oleifera multi-generation hybrid population, developing high-yield parent selection, hybridization, high-yield excellent hybrid fruit family selection, high-yield excellent hybrid seedling selection, and verifying the method in the F1 and F2 Camellia oleifera hybrid natural population in the peak yield period. A high-yield superior tree breeding technical system combined with Camellia oleifera fruit traits is established.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the application adopts the following technical scheme:

[0008] A high-yield Camellia oleifera hybrid breeding method combined with Camellia oleifera fruit traits, the process comprises:

[0009] 1) selecting high-yield parents, hybridizing, and obtaining hybrid population families;

[0010] 2) predicting the unit crown area yield of each family of the hybrid population by a regression equation Y = 10468.848 + 436.015X1 + 2345.035X2, wherein Y represents the unit crown area yield of the hybrid family, X1 represents the single fruit weight of the hybrid family fruit, and X2 represents the single fruit kernel number of the hybrid family fruit;

[0011] 3) screening high-yield hybrid family seeds according to the standard that the predicted unit crown area yield of the family Camellia oleifera is higher than the average value of the predicted hybrid population by 30%; all the families are combined together as the hybrid population, and the average value of the predicted unit crown area yield of the Camellia oleifera of all the families is the average value of the predicted unit crown area yield of the Camellia oleifera of all the families;

[0012] 4) screening high-yield hybrid family seeds according to the standard that the kernel weight is higher than the average value of the family by 30% in the high-yield hybrid family seeds;

[0013] 5) cultivating the high-yield hybrid family seeds into annual seedlings, and screening high-yield hybrid excellent seedlings according to the standard that the seedling height is higher than the average value of the family by 30%.

[0014] Preferably, in step 1), the high-yield parents are selected as follows:

[0015] Step one, in the high-yield excellent Camellia oleifera stand in the peak yield period for more than 10 years, the plants with many results, large kernels, full and uniform flower buds, and no diseases and insect pests are selected, the single plant yield is continuously measured for 3 years, and the high-yield plants with an average unit crown area yield greater than 1.20 kg / m 2 are selected;

[0016] Step two, the high-yield plants with an annual yield difference lower than 20% are selected from the high-yield plants as hybrid parents.

[0017] Preferably, the hybridization is as follows:

[0018] Step one, pollen collection;

[0019] Step two, female de-male, bagging;

[0020] Step three, within 2-3 days after de-male, when the stigma secretes mucus, pollination, the pollination time is in the windless and sunny morning 9-10 o'clock or afternoon 4-5 o'clock;

[0021] Step four, after pollination, when the petals wither, the stigma dries, remove the bag.

[0022] Preferably, in step 5), the pre-treatment is high-yield hybrid seed shade to moisture content of 12-15%, 0.5% potassium permanganate disinfection, sand storage in sterile sand over winter, and germination in late February-end of March of the next year.

[0023] Preferably, the high-yield hybrid family seed is cultivated into a stand, and the average unit crown area yield is 2.69kg / m 2 2 at the fruiting stage. 2 The average yield per plant of each family is greater than 13.01kg.

[0024] Preferably, in step 5), the high-yield hybrid excellent seedling has an average unit crown area yield of 2.80kg / m 2 2, and each plant is greater than 2.51kg / m 2 2. The average yield per plant is greater than 13.40kg.

[0025] Through the above technical solutions, compared with the prior art, the technical effects achieved by the present application are:

[0026] (1) Based on the regression relationship between the single fruit fresh weight and the single fruit seed number of Camellia oleifera, the present application develops a high-yield family selection method combined with the fruit traits of Camellia oleifera hybrids, and the high-yield family of Camellia oleifera obtained according to the method has high yield, and the average unit crown area yield is 2.69kg / m 2 2.

[0027] (2) Based on the seed weight of Camellia oleifera hybrid seeds and the height of 1-year-old seedlings, the present application develops a high-yield excellent tree selection method, and the high-yield excellent plant obtained according to the method has high yield, and the average unit crown area yield is 2.80kg / m 2 2.

[0028] (3) The selection efficiency of the high-yield family of the present application is greater than 60%, and the correct selection rate is 100%.

[0029] The method can obtain high-yield excellent strain offspring for variety test, each breeding generation can be shortened by 5-7 years, and the problems of long breeding period and low efficiency of Camellia oleifera hybrid breeding are solved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only constitute a part of the embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained without creative labor on the basis of the provided drawings.

[0031] Figure 1 The figure is a significant correlation figure of kernel weight and single fruit fresh weight and single fruit kernel number in a high-yield excellent hybrid fruit family;

[0032] Figure 2 The figure is a significant correlation figure of kernel weight and seedling height. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely in the following with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments only constitute a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the protection scope of the present application.

[0034] Embodiment 1

[0035] A high-yield hybrid breeding method combined with fruit traits of Camellia oleifera includes high-yield parent selection, hybridization, high-yield excellent hybrid fruit family selection, high-yield excellent hybrid seedling selection, and obtaining high-yield hybrid excellent strains. The main steps are as follows:

[0036] (1) High-yield parent selection:

[0037] ① In the high-yield excellent stand of Camellia oleifera in the peak production period of more than 10 years, select plants with many results, large kernels, full and uniform flower buds, and no diseases and insect pests, and continuously measure the yield of single plant for 3 years;

[0038] ② Select high-yield plants with average unit crown area yield greater than 1.20 kg / m 2 ;

[0039] ③ High-yield plants with yield difference between years lower than 20% are used as hybridization parents.

[0040] (2) Hybridization, obtain population:

[0041] ① Pollen collection: After the majority of flower buds on the male parent tree are just about to open, the branches are inserted into a container containing water. Clean white paper is laid around the container to collect the mature pollen that falls naturally. The pollen is stored in a black, ground glass bottle containing 3 times the volume of silica gel desiccant.

[0042] ② Emasculation: The characteristic is that during the flowering period of the female parent tree, the flower buds at the top of the branches are selected, a small amount of leaf tip is cut from the surrounding leaves, the petals are gently pulled apart, and the stamens are removed with tweezers. A 15cm x 15cm sulfuric acid paper bag is placed over it.

[0043] ③ Pollination: 2-3 days after emasculation, when the stigma secretes mucus, it is determined that the flower is pollinated. The pollination time is in the morning from 9-10am and in the afternoon from 4-5pm on a windless and sunny day. When pollinating, the sulfuric acid paper bag is opened, the petals are gently pulled apart again with tweezers, and the pollen is applied to the stigma with a brush. The amount of pollen is determined by the light yellow color. Then the sulfuric acid paper bag is reattached. After pollination, when the petals wither and the stigma dries out, the sulfuric acid paper bag is removed and the hybrid fruits are allowed to grow naturally.

[0044] (3) Selection method for establishing high-yield and excellent hybrid fruit family:

[0045] ① Hybrid family fruits are harvested at the mature stage the following year;

[0046] ② The single fruit fresh weight, fruit height, fruit diameter, fruit shape index (fruit height / fruit diameter), fruit skin thickness, single fruit seed number, single fruit fresh seed weight, and seed yield (single fruit fresh seed weight / single fruit fresh weight x 100%) of the hybrid family fruits are measured;

[0047] ③ The seeds of the hybrid family are used to cultivate 1-year-old seedling trees, which are transplanted to the mountain with a spacing of 3m x 3m. An F1 test stand is established, and the camellia oleifera F1 test stand is standardized for growth management every year;

[0048] ④ After the test stand has grown for 20 years, the yield is measured for 4 consecutive years during the peak production period;

[0049] ⑤ A single plant yield prediction model for the peak production period of the hybrid family is established based on the fruit characteristics. The fruit characteristics are X1 (fruit diameter, cm), X2 (fruit height, cm), X3 (single fruit fresh weight, g), X4 (fruit shape index, fruit diameter / fruit height), X5 (fruit skin thickness, cm), X6 (single fruit seed number, pieces), X7 (single fruit fresh seed weight, g), X8 (seed yield), and X9 (unit crown area yield, g).

[0050] The calculation results are shown in Tables 1-3;

[0051] Table 1

[0052] Variable Mean Standard deviation X1 3.6129 0.2098 X2 3.5419 0.318 X3 26.1849 4.7201 X4 0.995 0.0686 X5 0.305 0.0464 X6 5.1038 1.2299 X7 9.889 2.5738 X8 0.3722 0.0399 X9 11020.5 2291.3648

[0053] Table 2

[0054]

[0055]

[0056] Table 3

[0057]

[0058] The regression equation is X9 = 10468.84830 - 436.0150801 * X3 + 2345.0354764 * X6, wherein the complex correlation coefficient is R = 0.642938, and the variance analysis is shown in Tables 4-6:

[0059] Table 4

[0060]

[0061]

[0062] Table 5

[0063] Regression coefficient Standard regression coefficient Partial correlation t value p value X3 -436.0151 -0.8982 -0.4942 3.7052 0.0122 X6 2345.0355 1.2587 0.6231 2.3897 0.0406

[0064] Table 6

[0065] Hybrid family Observation Fitted value Fitted error Relative error % 1 13594.5 14341.5164 -747.0164 5.495 2 14072 11275.7802 2796.2198 19.8708 3 10288 9516.2901 771.7099 7.5011 4 8939 10537.9507 -1598.9507 17.8874 5 10554 10632.511 -78.511 0.7439 6 9839 9242.8959 596.1041 6.0586 7 5894.5 10033.4556 -4138.9556 70.2172 8 11615 12451.0399 -836.0399 7.1979 9 10200 10256.3669 -56.3669 0.5526 10 13500 12233.8423 1266.1577 9.3789 11 11415 9901.3068 1513.6932 13.2606 12 12335 11823.0442 511.9558 4.1504

[0066] In summary, the optimal regression model of the unit crown area yield of the family unit and the hybrid fruit traits is: unit crown area yield of the family unit = 10468.848 + 436.015 * single fruit weight of the hybrid family fruit + 2345.035 * single fruit kernel number of the hybrid family fruit.

[0067] (4) Screening of high-yield excellent hybrid fruit families:

[0068] The unit crown area yield of each hybrid family is predicted; and the high-yield families are screened according to the standard that the predicted unit crown area yield of the oil tea is higher than the average value of the predicted population by 30%.

[0069] (5) Selection of high-yield excellent plants of the F1 generation:

[0070] ① In the high-yield excellent hybrid fruit families, the kernel weight is extremely significantly correlated with the single fruit fresh weight and the single fruit kernel number (P<0.01), and the high-yield hybrid seeds can be screened according to the standard that the kernel weight is higher than the average value of the family by 30%. Figure 1

[0071] ​(2) High-yield hybrid seed is air-dried to a moisture content of about 15%, disinfected with 0.5% potassium permanganate, and then stored in sterile sand for winter; in late February or early March of the following year, the seeds are germinated, the soil is prepared, and seedlings are cultivated;

[0072] (3) The grain weight of the 1-year-old seedlings of the high-yield hybrid seeds is significantly correlated with the height of the seedlings Figure 2 , and the high-yield hybrid seedlings can be screened according to the criterion that the height of the seedlings is 30% higher than the average height of the family.

[0073] Example 2

[0074] A high-yield hybrid selection method combining the fruit traits of Camellia oleifera includes selection of high-yield parents, hybridization, selection of high-yield hybrid fruit families, selection of high-yield hybrid seedlings, and obtaining high-yield hybrid superior trees. The yield is verified during the peak production period, and the main steps are as follows:

[0075] (1) Selection of F1 high-yield parents:

[0076] ① In a high-yield Camellia oleifera stand with more than 10 years of peak production, select plants with many results, large grains, full and evenly distributed flower buds, and no diseases and pests. Measure the yield of a single plant for 3 consecutive years.

[0077] ② Select high-yield plants with an average unit crown area yield of more than 1.20 kg / m 2 ;

[0078] ③ Select high-yield plants with an interannual yield difference of less than 20% as F1 hybrid parents.

[0079] (2) Hybridization to obtain F1 population:

[0080] ① Pollen collection: After most of the flower buds on the parent tree are collected and the flower branches are about to open, they are inserted into a container containing water for cultivation. Clean white paper is laid around the container to collect the mature pollen that naturally falls. The mature pollen is stored in a black ground glass bottle containing 3 times the volume of silica gel desiccant.

[0081] ② Emasculation: During the flowering period of the female parent tree, select flower buds at the top of the branches, remove a small amount of leaf tip from the surrounding leaves, gently pull open the petals, and remove the stamens with tweezers. Wrap the flower buds in a sulfuric acid paper bag with a size of 15 cm x 15 cm.

[0082] ③ Pollination: 2-3 days after emasculation, when the stigma secretes mucus, it is determined that the flower can be pollinated. The pollination time is in the morning from 9-10 am and in the afternoon from 4-5 pm. During pollination, the sulfuric acid paper bag is opened, the petals are gently pulled open again with tweezers, the pollen is applied to the stigma with a brush, and the amount of pollen is adjusted to a light yellow color. Then, the sulfuric acid paper bag is rewrapped. After pollination, when the petals wither and the stigma dries out, the sulfuric acid paper bag is removed, and the hybrid fruits are allowed to grow naturally.

[0083] (3) Establish a selection method for high-yield and excellent hybrid fruit families:

[0084] ① Harvest the fruits of the F1 hybrid families when they grow to the maturation period of the next year;

[0085] ② Measure the single fruit fresh weight, fruit height, fruit diameter, fruit shape index (fruit height / fruit diameter), fruit skin thickness, single fruit seed number, single fruit fresh seed weight, and seed yield (single fruit fresh seed weight / single fruit fresh weight x 100%);

[0086] ③ Cultivate 1-year-old seedling trees from the seeds of the hybrid families, transplant them to the hill, with a plant spacing of 3m x 3m, and establish F1 test stands. Standardized growth management is carried out on the oil tea F1 test stands every year;

[0087] ④ After the F1 test stands grow for 20 years, measure the yield during the peak production period for 4 consecutive years;

[0088] ⑤ Establish a single plant yield prediction model for the hybrid families during the peak production period based on the fruit characteristics of all hybrid families. According to the regression equation results in Example 1, use the single fruit weight and single fruit seed number of the F1 hybrid family fruits as the dependent variables, and through the optimal regression equation Y = 10468.848 + 436.015X1 + 2345.035X2, where Y represents the predicted unit crown area yield of the hybrid family, X1 represents the single fruit weight of the hybrid family fruits, and X2 represents the single fruit seed number of the hybrid family fruits;

[0089] (4) Screening of F1 high-yield and excellent hybrid fruit families:

[0090] Predict the unit crown area yield of each F1 hybrid family; screen F1 high-yield families according to the standard of having a unit crown area yield of oil tea that is 30% higher than the average of the F1 population, and select 8, 15, 27, 33, 41, 46, 51, and 56 as the eight families.

[0091] (5) Selection of F1 high-yield and excellent plants:

[0092] ① In high-yield and excellent hybrid fruit families, screen high-yield hybrid seeds according to the standard of having a seed weight that is 30% higher than the average of the family;

[0093] ② Air dry the high-yield hybrid seeds to a moisture content of about 15%, disinfect them with 0.5% potassium permanganate, and store them in sterile sand over winter. In late February to early March of the following year, carry out seed germination, land preparation, and sowing to cultivate seedlings;

[0094] ③ Cultivate high-yield hybrid seeds into 1-year-old seedlings, and screen high-yield hybrid excellent seedlings according to the standard of having a seedling height that is 30% higher than the average of the family.

[0095] (6) F1 generation high yield excellent family verification:

[0096] ① Cultivate the seeds of each hybrid family into 1-year-old seedling, transplant on the hill, with a plant spacing of 3m x 3m, and build the test stand. The ordinary oil tea test stand is standardized for growth management every year;

[0097] ② The test stand grows for 20 years and is in the peak yield period. The yield is measured for 4 consecutive years;

[0098] ③ According to the standard that the yield per unit crown area of ordinary oil tea is higher than the average value of the group by 30%, 51, 46, 27, 56 and 41 are selected as the 5 high yield excellent families. The average yield per unit crown area of these high yield families is 2.96 kg / m 2 , the yield per unit crown area of each family is greater than 2.96 kg / m 2 (Table 7), the selection efficiency is 62.5%, and the selection accuracy is 100%.

[0099] Table 7 Fruit traits and yield in the peak yield period of F1 generation hybrid families

[0100]

[0101] (7) F1 generation high yield excellent plant verification, the selected high yield hybrid excellent 1-year-old seedlings are planted on the hill in March, with a plant spacing of 3m x 3m, and grow for 20 years, which are in the peak yield period. The yield is measured for 4 consecutive years, and the average yield per unit crown area is greater than 2.53 kg / m 2 (Table 8).

[0102] Table 8 Yield of F1 generation excellent plants in the peak yield period (kg / m 2 )

[0103] Year Best tree 2 Best tree 3 Best tree 4 Best tree 5 Best tree 6 2004 3.03 2.60 2.68 3.25 2.47 2005 3.92 3.33 3.44 3.81 3.00 2006 3.25 1.79 2.96 3.16 2.74 2007 2.83 2.40 2.88 3.53 2.11 Mean 3.26 2.53 2.99 3.44 2.58

[0104] Example 3

[0105] A high yield hybrid breeding method combined with fruit traits of ordinary oil tea includes high yield parent selection, hybridization, high yield excellent hybrid fruit family selection, high yield hybrid excellent seedling selection, and obtaining high yield hybrid excellent trees. In the peak yield period, the yield is verified, and the main steps are as follows:

[0106] (1) F2 high yield parent selection:

[0107] ① Select F1 generation high yield excellent plants, and the yield per unit crown area is greater than 1.79 kg / m 2 ;

[0108] ② The F1 generation high yield plants with a yield difference between years of less than 20% are used as F2 generation hybrid parents;

[0109] (2) Hybridization, F2 generation population is obtained, mainly including the following steps:

[0110] ① Pollen collection: After most flower buds are collected from the parent tree, the branches are inserted into a container containing water for cultivation. Clean white paper is laid around the container to collect mature pollen that naturally falls, and the pollen is stored in a black ground glass bottle containing 3 times the volume of silica gel desiccant;

[0111] ② Emasculation: During the flowering period of the female parent tree, choose the flower buds at the top of the branches, cut off a little leaf tip from the surrounding leaves, gently pull open the petals, and remove the stamens with tweezers, and cover a sulfuric acid paper bag with a size of 15cm x 15cm;

[0112] ③ Pollination: 2-3 days after emasculation, when the stigma secretes mucus, it is determined that the flower can be pollinated; the pollination time is 9-10 am and 4-5 pm on a sunny morning; after pollination, the sulfuric acid paper bag is opened, the petals are gently pulled open again with tweezers, and the pollen is applied to the stigma with a brush, and the amount of pollen is determined by the light yellow color, and then the sulfuric acid paper bag is covered again; when the petals wither and the stigma dries out, remove the sulfuric acid paper bag and let the hybrid fruits grow naturally;

[0113] (3) Screening of F2 generation high yield and excellent hybrid fruit families:

[0114] ① F2 generation hybrid fruit families grow to the mature stage the following year and are harvested;

[0115] ② Determine the single fruit fresh weight, fruit height, fruit diameter, fruit shape index (fruit height / fruit diameter), fruit skin thickness, single fruit seed number, single fruit fresh seed weight, and seed yield (single fruit fresh seed weight / single fruit fresh weight x 100%) of the F2 generation hybrid families (Table 9);

[0116] Table 9 Traits of F2 generation Camellia oleifera hybrid fruit families

[0117]

[0118]

[0119] ③ Predict the yield of the F2 generation hybrid families. The single fruit weight and single fruit seed number of the F2 generation hybrid families are used as the dependent variables, and the regression equation Y = 10468.848 + 436.015X1 + 2345.035X2 is used to predict the unit crown area yield of the F2 generation hybrid families at the peak yield period, where Y represents the unit crown area yield of the hybrid families, X1 represents the single fruit weight of the hybrid families, and X2 represents the single fruit seed number of the hybrid families (Table 10).

[0120] (4) According to the standard of the predicted unit crown area yield of Camellia oleifera being higher than the average value of F2 population by 30%, F2 high yield excellent families were screened, which were C17, C16 and C14 (Table 10).

[0121] Table 10 Regression equation of Camellia oleifera hybrid fruit traits to predict the yield of F2 families of Camellia oleifera

[0122] F2 generation family Fruit weight (g) Seed number per fruit Predicted unit crown width area yield (kg / m 2 )]]> Ranking C17 41.98 9.15 5.02 1 C16 38.57 8.58 4.74 2 C14 34.54 8.16 4.47 3 C7 30.22 7.27 4.07 4 C2 27.45 7.25 3.94 5 C5 28.44 5.78 3.64 6 C8 28.27 5.00 3.45 7 C1 26.90 4.75 3.30 8 C12 27.09 4.47 3.28 9 C3 26.44 3.85 3.1 10 C11 20.18 5.00 3.1 11 C4 22.32 4.00 2.96 12 C10 22.18 4.00 2.95 13 C18 20.15 4.00 2.86 14 C6 20.23 3.60 2.77 15 C19 15.96 4.00 2.68 16 C15 14.64 3.50 2.51 17 C9 12.89 3.00 2.31 18 C13 15.41 2.00 2.19 19 Mean 24.94 5.13 3.34 - 30% above the mean - - 4.34 -

[0123] (4) Selection of high yield excellent plants in F2 generation:

[0124] ① According to the standard of the seed weight being higher than the average value of family by 30%, high yield hybrid seeds were screened in the selected high yield excellent hybrid fruit families;

[0125] ② The high yield hybrid seeds were air-dried to the moisture content of about 15%, and then were disinfected with 0.5% potassium permanganate and stored in sterile sand for winter. In the end of February to early March of the next year, the seeds were germinated, the land was prepared, and the seedlings were sowed and cultivated;

[0126] ③ The high yield hybrid seeds were cultivated into 1-year-old seedlings, and the high yield hybrid excellent seedlings were screened according to the standard of the seedling height being higher than the average value of family by 30%.

[0127] (4) Verification of high yield excellent families in F2 generation:

[0128] ① The seeds of each hybrid family were cultivated into 1-year-old seedlings, and the 1-year-old seedlings were transplanted to the field with the plant spacing of 3m x 3m to establish F1 test forest stand. The F1 test forest stand of Camellia oleifera was standardized and managed every year;

[0129] ② The F2 test forest stand was grown for 12 years, and was in the peak yield period. The yield was measured for 3 consecutive years;

[0130] ③ According to the standard of the unit crown area yield of common Camellia oleifera being higher than the average value by 30%, C2, C8, C14, C16 and C17 were screened out as high yield families. The average unit crown area yield of the three high yield families was 2.71 Kg / m 2 , the average yield per plant was 14.27 kg (Table 11), the selection efficiency was 60%, and the selection accuracy was 100%.

[0131] Table 11 Yield of each hybrid family in F2 generation in the peak yield period

[0132]

[0133]

[0134] (6) F2 generation high yield fine plant verification: the screened high yield hybrid fine hybrid seedling is planted in March, the plant spacing is 3m*3m, grows for 12 years, is in the peak yield period, and yield is measured for 3 years in succession. The average unit crown area yield is greater than 2.80kg / m 2

[0135] The various embodiments in the specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the difference from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be mutually referred to.

[0136] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables a person skilled in the art to implement or use the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application will not be limited to these embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A high-yield hybrid breeding method for camellia oleifera combining the fruit traits of common camellia oleifera, characterized in that the process include: 1) Select high-yielding parents, crossbreed, and obtain hybrid population families; 2) After the hybrid population families entered their peak production period, the yield per unit crown area of ​​each family in the hybrid population was predicted using the regression equation Y = 10468.848 + 436.015X1 + 2345.035X2, where Y represents the yield per unit crown area of ​​the hybrid family, X1 represents the weight of the fruit of the hybrid family, and X2 represents the number of seeds per fruit of the hybrid family; 3) Screening high-yield hybrid family seeds according to the standard that the predicted yield per unit crown area of ​​the family oil-tea camellia is 30% higher than the predicted hybrid population average; 4) Among the high-yield hybrid family seeds, high-yield hybrid family seeds were selected based on the standard that the grain weight was 30% higher than the family average; 5) Pre-treating high-yield hybrid family seeds and cultivating them into one-year-old seedlings, and then selecting high-yield hybrid seedlings based on the standard that the seedling height is 30% higher than the family average; In step 1), the high-yielding parent is selected as follows: Step 1: Select high-yield and high-quality common Camellia oleifera stands with more than 10 years of peak production period, with plants that have abundant fruits, large seeds, plump and evenly distributed flower buds, and are free of diseases and insect pests. Measure the yield of individual plants for three consecutive years, and select plants with an average unit crown area yield greater than 1.20 kg / m 2 high-yielding plants; Step 2: Select high-yield plants with inter-annual yield differences of less than 20% from among the high-yield plants as hybrid parents.

2. The high-yield hybrid breeding method for camellia oleifera combined with common camellia oleifera fruit traits according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hybridization is: Step 1: Pollen collection; Step 2: emasculation and bagging of the female parent; Step 3: Pollinate within 2-3 days after emasculation when mucus is secreted from the stigma. The pollination time is 9-10 am or 4-5 pm on a windless and sunny day. Step 4: After pollination, when the petals wilt and the stigma dries up, remove the bag.

3. The high-yield hybrid breeding method for camellia oleifera combined with common camellia oleifera fruit traits according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 5), the pretreatment is to air-dry the high-yield hybrid seeds in the shade until the moisture content is 12-15%, disinfect them with 0.5% potassium permanganate, store them in sterile sand for the winter, and germinate them in late February to early March of the following year.

4. The high-yield hybrid breeding method for camellia oleifera combined with common camellia oleifera fruit traits according to claim 1, characterized in that: The forest stands cultivated from the high-yield hybrid family seeds have an average yield per unit crown area of ​​2.69 kg / m during the peak fruiting period. 2 , each family is greater than 2.43kg / m 2 The average yield per plant in each family was 14.27 kg, and each family was greater than 13.01 kg.

5. The high-yield hybrid breeding method for camellia oleifera combined with common camellia oleifera fruit traits according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 5), the average yield per unit crown area of ​​the high-yield hybrid seedlings is 2.80 kg / m 2 , each plant is greater than 2.51kg / m 2 The average yield per plant is 14.77 kg, and each plant is greater than 13.40 kg.

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