A method for breeding high-quality, high-yield and high beta-glucan highland barley

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of crop breeding, and particularly relates to a breeding method of high-quality, high-yield and high-beta-glucan highland barley. The highland barley variety obtained by the breeding method has a higher beta-glucan content, which can reach more than 6%, and has better and more stable comprehensive properties, and the yield is more than 5% higher than that of Longqing No. 1, the lodging resistance and disease resistance are equivalent to those of Longqing No. 1, and the waxy property is equivalent to that of Zhongnuo No. 8 (the amylopectin accounts for more than 90% of the total starch).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of crop breeding technology, specifically relating to a method for breeding high-quality, high-yield, and high-β-glucan barley. Background Technology

[0002] Barley (Hordeum vulgare var. coeleste Linnaeus) is an annual herbaceous plant belonging to the Poaceae family and the Hordeum genus. It is commonly cultivated in the northwestern and southwestern provinces of China, thriving in cool, high-altitude climates. It is highly cold-resistant, has a short growing season, is high-yielding, early-maturing, and widely adaptable. Barley possesses medicinal value, including its ability to regulate qi, invigorate the spleen and stomach, strengthen the body, dispel dampness, promote sweating, and stop diarrhea. Furthermore, barley has the highest β-glucan content among cereal crops worldwide, is rich in dietary fiber, various trace elements, and minerals beneficial to human health, such as calcium, phosphorus, iron, copper, zinc, and the trace element selenium, making it extremely nutritious.

[0003] β-glucan is a major component of the cell wall of barley endosperm, accounting for about 75% of the cell wall's dry weight. Current research has found that β-glucan in barley has lipid-lowering, cholesterol-lowering, and cardiovascular disease-preventing effects. Furthermore, its blood sugar-regulating, immunity-enhancing, and anti-tumor effects have been discovered, attracting widespread attention worldwide. Currently, the biomedical community generally believes that β-glucan has four major physiological functions: intestinal cleansing, cholesterol-lowering, blood sugar-regulating, and immunity-enhancing. Therefore, barley, as a grain used for both food and medicine, has become increasingly popular in recent years, and demand is increasing significantly. However, existing high-β-glucan barley varieties have relatively low yields, failing to simultaneously achieve both high β-glucan content and high yield. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a breeding method for high-quality, high-yield, and high-β-glucan barley. The barley varieties obtained by the breeding method have higher yields, better quality, and are comparable to their parents in terms of lodging resistance, disease resistance, and glutinousness.

[0005] This invention provides a method for breeding high-quality, high-yield, and high-β-glucan barley, comprising the following steps:

[0006] 1) Using Ganpi 8 as the female parent and Zhongnuo 8 as the male parent, hybridization was carried out to harvest the F0 generation. The F0 generation was then self-crossed to obtain the F1 generation plants of Ganpi 8 × Qingke Zhongnuo 8.

[0007] 2) Using Longqing No. 1 as the female parent and the F1 generation plants of Ganpi No. 8 × Qingke Zhongnuo No. 8 as the male parent, F0 generation seeds were obtained by hybridization. After planting, self-pollination was carried out to obtain F1 generation seeds.

[0008] 3) Sow the F1 generation seeds obtained in step 2), self-pollinate, and obtain F2 generation single-plant seeds;

[0009] 4) Sow the F2 generation single plant seeds obtained in step 3), and self-pollinate to the F6 generation to obtain a high-quality, high-yield, and high-β-glucan stable barley line.

[0010] Preferably, the hybridization in steps 1) and 2) includes artificial hybridization; the artificial hybridization includes emasculation, and the number of emasculated ears per plant is 1.

[0011] Preferably, the number of ears to be demasked in step 1) is 6 or more.

[0012] Preferably, in step 2), the number of ears to be demasked is 10 or more.

[0013] Preferably, in step 3), after the F1 generation seeds are sown, the F2 generation undergoes phenotypic segregation, and individual plants are harvested and threshed to obtain the F2 generation individual plant seeds.

[0014] Preferably, the self-pollination process of F3-F5 generation in step 4) includes: selecting single plants from the previous generation and sowing them individually, with each single plant sowing 2 rows. For the next generation, select single plants with the following characteristics: plant height 75-90cm, ear length ≥8cm, number of grains per ear ≥20, tillering rate ≥2, thousand-grain weight ≥40g, compact plant type, good color change at maturity, uniformity, lodging resistance, and disease resistance. Harvest single plants and air-dry them for storage.

[0015] Preferably, in step 4), F6 generation plants with good agronomic traits, plant height of 70-90cm, ear length ≥8cm, number of grains per ear ≥20, tillering rate ≥2, thousand-grain weight ≥40g, compact plant type, good color change at maturity, uniformity, strong lodging resistance, and strong disease resistance are harvested and stored.

[0016] Preferably, the breeding method further includes conducting strain identification tests on the obtained high-quality, high-yield, and high-β-glucan stable barley lines.

[0017] Preferably, the β-glucan content of the high-quality, high-yield, and high-β-glucan stable barley lines is higher than 6%.

[0018] Preferably, the control variety includes the locally cultivated variety.

[0019] Beneficial effects:

[0020] This invention provides a method for breeding high-quality, high-yield, and high-β-glucan barley, comprising the following steps: 1) Using Ganpi 8 as the female parent and Zhongnuo 8 as the male parent, hybridize and harvest the F0 generation, and self-pollinate the F0 generation to obtain the F1 generation plants of Ganpi 8 × Zhongnuo 8 barley; 2) Using Longqing 1 as the female parent and the F1 generation plants of Ganpi 8 × Zhongnuo 8 barley as the male parent, hybridize to obtain F0 generation seeds, plant and self-pollinate to obtain F1 generation seeds; 3) Sow the F1 generation seeds obtained in step 2), self-pollinate to obtain F2 generation single plant seeds; 4) Sow the F2 generation single plant seeds obtained in step 3), self-pollinate to the F6 generation to obtain a stable high-quality, high-yield, and high-β-glucan barley line. The barley varieties bred using the breeding method described in this invention have higher β-glucan content, reaching over 6%, better and more stable comprehensive traits, and a yield more than 5% higher than Longqing No. 1. Their lodging resistance and disease resistance are comparable to Longqing No. 1, and their glutinousness is comparable to Zhongnuo No. 8 (the proportion of amylopectin to total starch is greater than 90%). Detailed Implementation

[0021] This invention provides a method for breeding high-quality, high-yield, and high-β-glucan barley, comprising the following steps:

[0022] 1) Using Ganpi 8 as the female parent and Zhongnuo 8 as the male parent, hybridization was carried out to harvest the F0 generation. The F0 generation was then self-crossed to obtain the F1 generation plants of Ganpi 8 × Qingke Zhongnuo 8.

[0023] 2) Using Longqing No. 1 as the female parent and the F1 generation plants of Ganpi No. 8 × Qingke Zhongnuo No. 8 as the male parent, F0 generation seeds were obtained by hybridization. After planting, self-pollination was carried out to obtain F1 generation seeds.

[0024] 3) Sow the F1 generation seeds obtained in step 2), self-pollinate, and obtain F2 generation single-plant seeds;

[0025] 4) Sow the F2 generation single plant seeds obtained in step 3), and self-pollinate to the F6 generation to obtain a high-quality, high-yield, and high-β-glucan stable barley line.

[0026] Before conducting the aforementioned breeding, this invention preferably selects high-quality germplasm resources as breeding parents; the agronomic and economic traits selected during the selection process preferably include growth period, plant height, ear length, number of grains per ear, number of ears, thousand-grain weight, plant type, color change at maturity, uniformity, lodging resistance, and disease resistance; ultimately, the preferred selection results are the high-quality two-row high β-glucan barley “Zhongnuo 8”, the locally grown high-quality and high-yield malting barley “Ganpi 8”, and the high-quality, high-yield, lodging-resistant, and mechanized-harvestable two-row high barley “Longqing 1”; this invention preferably uses “Zhongnuo 8”, “Ganpi 8”, and “Longqing 1” as parents for the breeding of high-quality, high-yield, and high β-glucan high barley.

[0027] After obtaining the breeding parents, this invention uses Ganpi 8 as the female parent and Zhongnuo 8 as the male parent to harvest the F0 generation through hybridization. The hybridization preferred in this invention includes artificial hybridization; the artificial hybridization preferably includes emasculation, with one ear of emasculated per plant, and preferably more than six ears of emasculated ears, to obtain sufficient hybrid seeds. This invention does not have a specific limitation on the emasculation process; it can be carried out according to conventional emasculation steps in the art. In this invention, the F0 generation hybrid seeds are harvested uniformly when mature, and then air-dried for storage.

[0028] After obtaining the F0 generation, the present invention plants the seeds of the F0 generation and self-pollinates them to obtain F1 generation plants of Ganpi 8 × Qingke Zhongnuo 8. The planting and self-pollination process described in this invention is not particularly limited and can be carried out using conventional planting methods in the art.

[0029] After obtaining the F1 generation plants of Ganpi 8 × Qingke Zhongnuo 8, this invention uses Longqing 1 as the female parent and the F1 generation plants of Ganpi 8 × Qingke Zhongnuo 8 as the male parent to hybridize and obtain F0 generation seeds. These seeds are then self-pollinated to obtain F1 generation seeds. The hybridization preferred in this invention includes artificial hybridization; the artificial hybridization preferably includes emasculation, with each plant preferably having 1 emasculated ear, and preferably having more than 10 emasculated ears, the purpose being to obtain sufficient hybrid seeds. The F0 generation seeds of this invention are harvested uniformly when mature, and then air-dried for storage.

[0030] After obtaining the F1 generation seeds, this invention sows the F1 generation seeds and performs self-pollination to obtain F2 generation single-plant seeds. Planting the F1 generation seeds in the field constitutes the F2 generation. The F2 generation undergoes significant phenotypic segregation. Upon maturity, it is preferable to select a large number of individual plants; these individual plants are marked, and preferably harvested, threshed, and air-dried for preservation. During this large-scale phenotypic segregation, it is preferable to select individual plants with a plant height of 75-90cm, ear length ≥8cm, ear grain count ≥20, tillering rate ≥2, thousand-grain weight ≥40g, compact plant type, and good color change at maturity. These individual plants are then selected to obtain the F2 generation single-plant seeds.

[0031] After obtaining the F2 generation single plant seeds, this invention sows the F2 generation single plant seeds and self-pollinates to the F6 generation to obtain F6 generation seeds, thus obtaining a high-quality, high-yield, and high-β-glucan stable barley line. During the self-pollination process of the F3-F5 generations in this invention: preferably, single plants selected from the previous generation are sown individually, with each single plant preferably sown in 2 rows. For subsequent generations, single plants are further selected based on plant height 75-90cm, ear length ≥8cm, ear grains ≥20, tillering rate ≥2, thousand-grain weight ≥40g, compact plant type, good ripening color change, uniformity, lodging resistance, and disease resistance. The selected single plants are harvested, air-dried, and stored. In the F6 generation of self-pollination according to this invention, single plants with good agronomic traits, plant height of 70-90cm, ear length ≥8cm, number of grains per ear ≥20, tillering rate ≥2, thousand-grain weight ≥40g, compact plant type, good color change at maturity, uniformity, strong lodging resistance, and strong disease resistance are preferably selected for harvesting and storage. When selecting single plants, this invention preferably plants two rows of standard varieties before and after the initial planting row. These standard varieties are preferably parent plants or local dominant varieties; the local dominant varieties preferably include Ganqing No. 4.

[0032] After obtaining the high-quality, high-yield, and high-β-glucan stable barley lines, the present invention preferably selects lines with a β-glucan content higher than 6% from the high-quality, high-yield, and high-β-glucan stable barley lines for line identification tests.

[0033] The strain identification test described in this invention preferably includes: using the inter-plot method, planting three times, with a control plot added every 10 plots. The control variety is Ganqing No. 4. The plot is 2.5m long, 1.25m wide, with a row spacing of 0.25m, a section spacing of 0.25m, a walkway of 0.5m, and a plot area of ​​3.125m². 2 Five rows were planted, with 250 seeds sown per row. In mid-to-late March, the seeds were sown in rows by hand-hoeing. Lines with good comprehensive traits and a yield increase of more than 5% compared with the control variety were selected for a line comparison test.

[0034] The strain comparison test described in this invention preferably includes: randomized block design, planting three times, with each plot measuring 5.0m long and 2.5m wide, consisting of 10 rows, with a row spacing of 0.25m and a plot spacing of 0.25m, covering an area of ​​12.5m². 2 The sowing rate is calculated at 250,000 seeds per mu, with 560 seeds sown per row. The seeds are sown by hand in furrows on March 18. A strain with a yield increase of more than 5% compared to the control variety is selected to participate in the regional trials in the province. The preferred control variety is Ganqing No. 4.

[0035] The preferred regional trial plan for the entire province described in this invention includes: a randomized block design, planting three times, with plots 5.0m long and 2.5m wide, 10 rows per plot, row spacing of 0.25m, plot spacing of 0.25m, and a total area of ​​12.5m². 2 The sowing rate is calculated at 250,000 seeds per mu, with 560 seeds sown per row, and the seeds are broadcast in furrows according to the local sowing period.

[0036] To further illustrate the present invention, the technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] A method for breeding high-quality, high-yield, and high-β-glucan barley, comprising the following steps:

[0039] 1. Screening of high-quality germplasm resources: High-quality barley germplasm resources from home and abroad were collected, and their agronomic and economic traits were identified, including growth period, plant height, ear length, number of grains per ear, number of ears, thousand-grain weight, plant type, ripening color change, uniformity, lodging resistance, and disease resistance. Field identification was conducted to screen out the high-quality two-row high β-glucan barley “Zhongnuo 8”, the high-quality and high-yield malting barley “Ganpi 8” grown locally, and the high-quality, high-yield, lodging-resistant, and mechanized-harvestable two-row barley “Longqing 1”.

[0040] 2. Using Ganpi 8 as the female parent and Zhongnuo 8 as the male parent, artificial hybridization was carried out. When removing the emasculate, only one ear was produced per plant, and more than six ears were produced to obtain sufficient hybrid seeds. When the grains matured, they were mixed and harvested uniformly, air-dried and stored to harvest F0 generation hybrid seeds.

[0041] 3. Plant the F0 generation seeds of (Ganpi 8 × Zhongnuo 8) in the field to obtain the hybrid variety of (Ganpi 8 × Zhongnuo 8).

[0042] 4. Recrossing: Using Longqing No. 1 as the female parent and healthy, disease-free plants from the (Ganpi No. 8 × Zhongnuo No. 8) hybrid as the male parent, artificially crossbreed the plants. When removing the emasculate, each plant produces only one ear, and more than 10 ears are produced to obtain sufficient hybrid seeds. When the grains mature, they are mixed and harvested uniformly, air-dried and stored. The harvested hybrid seeds are the F0 generation.

[0043] 5. Planting F0 generation seeds in the field results in F1 generation seeds. Harvest F1 generation seeds when they mature, and then air-dry and store them.

[0044] 6. Planting F1 generation seeds in the field constitutes the F2 generation. The F2 generation is then combined with two rows of various standard varieties of Longqing No. 1. The F2 generation exhibits significant phenotypic segregation. Upon maturity, a large number of individual plants are selected. Each plant is marked, harvested individually, threshed individually, and air-dried for storage.

[0045] 7. For F3-F5 generation, select individual plants and sow 2 rows per plant. Combine various standard varieties of Longqing No. 1 in 2 rows before and after the combination. Select individual plants with a plant height of 75-90cm, ear length ≥8cm, number of grains per ear ≥20, tillering rate ≥2, thousand-grain weight ≥40g, compact plant type, good color change at maturity, uniformity, strong lodging resistance and disease resistance. Harvest individual plants and air-dry for storage.

[0046] 8. In the F6 generation, after multiple generations of self-pollination and selection, stable lines with good agronomic morphology, plant height of 70-90cm, ear length ≥8cm, number of grains per ear ≥20, tillering rate ≥2, thousand-grain weight ≥40g, compact plant type, good color change at maturity, uniformity, strong lodging resistance, and strong disease resistance were selected. β-glucan was tested on the stable barley lines, and identification tests were conducted to screen for lines with β-glucan content higher than 6%.

[0047] 9. Select strains with good overall traits and a larger yield increase compared to the control for strain identification tests.

[0048] Planting was carried out using a comparative intercropping method, with three planting cycles. A control plot was added every 10 plots. The control variety was Ganqing No. 4. Each plot was 2.5m long, 1.25m wide, with a row spacing of 0.25m, a section spacing of 0.25m, a walkway of 0.5m, and a plot area of ​​3.125m². 2 Five rows were planted, with 250 seeds sown per row. In mid-to-late March, the seeds were sown in rows by hand-hoeing. The varieties with good comprehensive traits and a yield increase of more than 5% compared with the control were selected for variety comparison trials.

[0049] 10. Select strains with good overall traits, stable traits, and a large increase in yield compared to the control in strain comparison trials to participate in strain comparison trials.

[0050] A randomized block design was used, with three plantings. Each plot was 5.0m long and 2.5m wide, with 10 rows, a row spacing of 0.25m, and a plot spacing of 0.25m, covering an area of ​​12.5m². 2 The sowing rate is calculated at 250,000 seeds per mu, with 560 seeds sown per row. The seeds are sown by hand in March by opening furrows and broadcasting. A variety with a yield increase of more than 5% compared to the control is selected to participate in the regional trials in the province.

[0051] 11. Provincial-level regional trials

[0052] A randomized block design was used, with three plantings. Each plot was 5.0m long and 2.5m wide, with 10 rows, a row spacing of 0.25m, and a plot spacing of 0.25m, covering an area of ​​12.5m². 2 The sowing rate is calculated at 250,000 seeds per mu, with 560 seeds sown per row, and the seeds are broadcast in furrows according to the local sowing period.

[0053] The results showed that the high-quality, high-yield, and high-β-glucan barley variety obtained had a higher yield than Longqing No. 1; its lodging resistance and disease resistance were comparable to Longqing No. 1, and its glutinousness was comparable to Zhongnuo No. 8 (the proportion of amylopectin to total starch was greater than 90%); the β-glucan content was 7.7%.

[0054] Although the above embodiments have provided a detailed description of the present invention, they are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. People can obtain other embodiments based on these embodiments without creative effort, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for breeding high-quality, high-yield, and high-β-glucan barley, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: 1) Using Ganpi 8 as the female parent and Zhongnuo 8 as the male parent, hybridization was carried out to harvest the F0 generation. The F0 generation was then self-crossed to obtain the F1 generation plants of Ganpi 8 × Qingke Zhongnuo 8. 2) Using Longqing No. 1 as the female parent and the F1 generation plants of Ganpi No. 8 × Qingke Zhongnuo No. 8 as the male parent, F0 generation seeds were obtained by hybridization. After planting, self-pollination was carried out to obtain F1 generation seeds. 3) Sow the F1 generation seeds obtained in step 2), self-pollinate, and obtain F2 generation single-plant seeds; 4) Sow the F2 generation single plant seeds obtained in step 3), and self-pollinate to the F6 generation to obtain a high-quality, high-yield, and high-β-glucan stable barley line.

2. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hybridization described in steps 1) and 2) includes artificial hybridization; the artificial hybridization includes emasculation, with each plant having 1 emasculated spike.

3. The breeding method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Step 1) involves removing at least 6 ears of grain.

4. The breeding method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Step 2) involves removing more than 10 ears of grain.

5. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 3) After the F1 generation seeds are sown, the F2 generation undergoes phenotypic segregation, and individual plants are harvested and threshed to obtain the F2 generation individual plant seeds.

6. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 4) The self-pollination process of F3-F5 generation includes: selecting single plants from the previous generation and sowing them individually, with each single plant sowing 2 rows. For the next generation, select single plants with the following characteristics: plant height 75-90cm, ear length ≥8cm, number of grains per ear ≥20, tillering rate ≥2, thousand-grain weight ≥40g, compact plant type, good color change at maturity, uniformity, lodging resistance, and disease resistance. Harvest single plants and air-dry them for storage.

7. The breeding method according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that, For the F6 generation in step 4), select individual plants with good agronomic traits, plant height of 70-90cm, ear length ≥8cm, number of grains per ear ≥20, tillering rate ≥2, thousand-grain weight ≥40g, compact plant type, good color change at maturity, uniformity, strong lodging resistance, and strong disease resistance for harvesting and storage.

8. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The breeding method also includes conducting strain identification tests on the obtained high-quality, high-yield, and high-β-glucan stable barley lines.

9. The breeding method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The high-quality, high-yield, and high-β-glucan stable barley lines have a β-glucan content of over 6%.