Combined ventilation design method and device for ventilation ducts and fans in cold region highway tunnels

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of highway tunnel ventilation, and specifically to a combined ventilation design method and device for highway tunnel ventilation ducts and fans in cold regions. By determining the initial tunnel ventilation duct; and determining the corresponding first tunnel ventilation section and second tunnel ventilation section based on the initial tunnel ventilation duct; obtaining the design wind speeds of the initial tunnel ventilation duct, the first tunnel ventilation section and the second tunnel ventilation section; optimizing the initial tunnel ventilation duct according to each design wind speed, determining the final tunnel ventilation duct, and determining the fan configuration for combined ventilation with the final tunnel ventilation duct. This solution adopts a combined ventilation method of highway tunnel ventilation ducts and fans in cold regions, which can improve the operating efficiency of the tunnel ventilation system while ensuring the thermal insulation performance of the tunnel air curtain antifreeze system, solve the problem of the mutual restriction between the thermal insulation performance of the air curtain antifreeze system and the fluidity of the air in the tunnel, and effectively ensure the operational safety of highway tunnels in cold regions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of highway tunnel ventilation, and in particular to a combined ventilation design method and device for a cold region highway tunnel ventilation duct and fan. Background Art

[0002] High-altitude, cold regions suffer from harsh geographical environments, with winter temperatures often dropping below 0°C. This results in varying degrees of frost damage in many cold-region highway tunnels. Air curtain anti-freeze systems, as a highly effective anti-freeze measure for cold-region highway tunnels, have been implemented in some cold-region tunnel projects. While air curtain anti-freeze systems effectively prevent cold air from entering the tunnel, they also block the entry of fresh air and the exit of polluted air, posing new challenges to the design of ventilation systems for cold-region highway tunnels. Therefore, for cold-region highway tunnels equipped with air curtain anti-freeze systems, a new ventilation method is urgently needed to ensure proper ventilation. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In response to the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention proposes a combined ventilation design method and device of ventilation ducts and fans in cold-region highway tunnels, so as to reduce the impact of the air curtain antifreeze system of cold-region tunnels on the ventilation system, while ensuring the thermal insulation performance of the air curtain antifreeze system, and improving the operating efficiency of the tunnel ventilation system.

[0004] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a combined ventilation design method for ventilation ducts and fans in cold region highway tunnels.

[0005] In a first achievable embodiment, a combined ventilation design method for ventilation ducts and fans in cold region highway tunnels includes:

[0006] Determining an initial tunnel ventilation duct; and determining a corresponding first tunnel ventilation section and a second tunnel ventilation section based on the initial tunnel ventilation duct;

[0007] Obtaining the design wind speeds of the initial tunnel ventilation duct, the first tunnel ventilation section, and the second tunnel ventilation section;

[0008] The initial tunnel ventilation duct is optimized according to each design wind speed, the final tunnel ventilation duct is determined, and the fan configuration for combined ventilation with the final tunnel ventilation duct is determined.

[0009] In combination with the first possible implementation, in a second possible implementation, obtaining the design wind speeds of the initial tunnel ventilation duct, the first tunnel ventilation section, and the second tunnel ventilation section includes:

[0010] Obtaining a first design air volume for a first tunnel ventilation section;

[0011] Obtaining a second design air volume for the second tunnel ventilation section;

[0012] Obtaining a second design wind speed according to the second design wind volume;

[0013] obtaining a second ventilation resistance of the second tunnel ventilation section according to the second design wind speed;

[0014] Obtain the exhaust design wind speed of the tunnel ventilation duct according to the second ventilation resistance;

[0015] The first design wind speed of the first tunnel ventilation section is obtained according to the first design wind volume, the second design wind speed and the exhaust design wind speed.

[0016] In combination with the second implementable manner, in a third implementable manner, obtaining a second ventilation resistance of the second tunnel ventilation section according to the second design wind speed includes:

[0017] Acquiring tunnel structural parameters, traffic parameters, environmental parameters, and second section parameters of the second tunnel ventilation section;

[0018] A second ventilation resistance of the second tunnel ventilation section is calculated according to the second design wind speed, tunnel structure parameters, traffic parameters, environmental parameters and second section parameters.

[0019] In combination with the second feasible manner, in a fourth feasible manner, obtaining the exhaust design wind speed of the tunnel ventilation duct according to the second ventilation resistance includes:

[0020] determining the rising pressure at the tunnel ventilation duct opening according to the second ventilation resistance;

[0021] The exhaust design wind speed of the tunnel ventilation duct is calculated according to the tunnel structure parameters, the first section parameters of the first tunnel ventilation section, the second section parameters of the second tunnel ventilation section and the rising pressure.

[0022] Combined with the fourth feasible method, in the fifth feasible method, the exhaust design wind speed of the tunnel ventilation duct is calculated by the following formula:

[0023]

[0024] In the above formula, ρ is the tunnel air density, kg / m 3 ; A e is the cross-sectional area of ​​the tunnel ventilation duct, m 2 ; A1 is the clear cross-sectional area of ​​the first tunnel ventilation section, m 2 ;K e is the exhaust outlet boost momentum coefficient, v e is the exhaust design wind speed of the tunnel ventilation duct, m / s; v2 is the design wind speed of the second tunnel ventilation section, m / s; A2 is the clear cross-sectional area of ​​the second tunnel ventilation section; ΔP e The rising pressure at the tunnel ventilation duct outlet, N / m 2.

[0025] In combination with the second implementable manner, in a sixth implementable manner, obtaining the first design wind speed of the first tunnel ventilation section according to the first design air volume, the second design wind speed, and the exhaust design wind speed includes:

[0026] Obtaining a first alternative design wind speed according to the first design air volume and the clear cross-sectional area of ​​the first tunnel ventilation section;

[0027] Calculate the second alternative design wind speed according to the second design wind speed and the exhaust design wind speed;

[0028] The maximum value of the first alternative design wind speed and the second alternative design wind speed is selected as the first design wind speed of the first tunnel ventilation section.

[0029] In combination with the second feasible method, in the seventh feasible method, the initial tunnel ventilation duct is optimized according to each design wind speed to determine the final tunnel ventilation duct, including:

[0030] Determine whether the first design wind speed, the second design wind speed and the exhaust design wind speed meet the preset ventilation conditions;

[0031] If the preset ventilation conditions are met, the ventilation verification of the initial tunnel ventilation duct is successful, and the initial tunnel ventilation duct is determined as the final tunnel ventilation duct;

[0032] If the preset ventilation conditions are not met, the length of the initial tunnel ventilation duct is continuously reduced, and the initial tunnel ventilation duct after each reduction in length is used as a new tunnel ventilation duct for ventilation verification, and when the ventilation verification of the new tunnel ventilation duct is successful, the reduction of the length of the initial tunnel ventilation duct is stopped, and the new tunnel ventilation duct that has successfully passed the ventilation verification is determined as the final tunnel ventilation duct.

[0033] In combination with the first feasible approach, in the eighth feasible approach, a fan configuration for combined ventilation with the final tunnel ventilation duct is determined, including:

[0034] Determine the third tunnel ventilation section and the fourth tunnel ventilation section corresponding to the final tunnel ventilation duct;

[0035] calculating a third ventilation resistance of the third tunnel ventilation section and a fourth ventilation resistance of the fourth tunnel ventilation section;

[0036] Screen the fan configuration according to the third ventilation resistance and the fourth ventilation resistance.

[0037] In combination with the eighth possible implementation, in a ninth possible implementation, screening the fan configuration according to the third ventilation resistance and the fourth ventilation resistance includes:

[0038] Determine the range of the total lift pressure of the jet fan group according to the third ventilation resistance, and select the model and configuration of the jet fan according to the range of the total lift pressure of the jet fan group;

[0039] The range of the total pressure rise of the axial flow fan group is determined according to the fourth ventilation resistance, and the model and configuration of the axial flow fan are selected according to the range of the total pressure rise of the axial flow fan group.

[0040] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a combined ventilation design device for ventilation ducts and fans in cold region highway tunnels.

[0041] In a tenth possible implementation, a combined ventilation design device for a cold region highway tunnel ventilation duct and fan includes:

[0042] an initial tunnel ventilation duct determining module, configured to determine an initial tunnel ventilation duct; and determine a corresponding first tunnel ventilation section and a second tunnel ventilation section according to the initial tunnel ventilation duct;

[0043] a design wind speed acquisition module configured to acquire design wind speeds of the initial tunnel ventilation duct, the first tunnel ventilation section, and the second tunnel ventilation section;

[0044] The ventilation verification module is configured to optimize the initial tunnel ventilation duct according to each design wind speed and determine the final tunnel ventilation duct.

[0045] The fan configuration determination module is configured to determine the fan configuration for combined ventilation with the final tunnel ventilation duct.

[0046] It can be seen from the above technical solution that the beneficial technical effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0047] 1. This solution adopts a combined ventilation method of ventilation ducts and fans in cold-region highway tunnels. While ensuring the thermal insulation performance of the tunnel air curtain antifreeze system, it can improve the operating efficiency of the tunnel ventilation system, solve the problem of the mutual restriction between the thermal insulation performance of the air curtain antifreeze system and the fluidity of the air in the tunnel, and effectively ensure the operational safety of cold-region highway tunnels.

[0048] 2. The key component of the air curtain antifreeze system is the ventilation duct. This solution rationally designs the tunnel ventilation duct based on the air curtain antifreeze system's infrastructure and configures fans integrated with the tunnel ventilation duct. This allows the tunnel ventilation duct to not only implement the air curtain antifreeze system but also provide ventilation functions. This offers significant advantages in terms of applicability and cost-effectiveness.

[0049] 3. This scheme optimizes the parameters of the initial tunnel ventilation duct by designing the wind speeds of the initial tunnel ventilation duct, the first tunnel ventilation section, and the second tunnel ventilation section, thereby determining the final tunnel ventilation duct. This achieves the rational determination of the ventilation duct and the corresponding ventilation design parameters, and has good engineering application value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly describes the drawings required for the specific embodiments or the description of the prior art. Similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals throughout the drawings. Elements or parts in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0051] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a combined ventilation design method for ventilation ducts and fans in cold region highway tunnels provided in this embodiment;

[0052] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the layout relationship of ventilation ducts and fans for combined ventilation in a cold region highway tunnel provided in this embodiment;

[0053] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a combined ventilation design device for a cold region highway tunnel ventilation duct and fan provided in this embodiment;

[0054] Figure 4 A line graph of the design wind speed of the ventilation section of the second tunnel of the cold region highway in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 5 A line graph of the design wind speed of the ventilation section of the first tunnel of the cold region highway in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 6 A line graph showing the exhaust design wind speed of the ventilation duct in a cold region highway tunnel according to Example 1 of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 7 A line graph of the design wind speed of the ventilation section of the second tunnel of the cold region highway in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 8 A line graph of the design wind speed of the ventilation section of the first tunnel of a cold region highway in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 9 This is a line graph of the exhaust design wind speed of the ventilation duct in the cold region highway tunnel in Example 2 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] The following embodiments of the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and are therefore only examples and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0061] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the technical or scientific terms used in this application should have the common meanings understood by those skilled in the art to which this invention belongs. The terms "first," "second," and so on, in the description and claims of the embodiments of the present disclosure, and in the accompanying drawings, are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or precedence. It should be understood that the terms used in this manner are interchangeable where appropriate to facilitate the implementation of the embodiments of the present disclosure described herein. In addition, the terms "including," "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. Unless otherwise specified, the term "plurality" means two or more. In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the character " / " indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship. For example, A / B means: A or B. The term "and / or" describes an association relationship between objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B means: A or B, or, A and B. The term "corresponding" can refer to an association relationship or a binding relationship. A and B corresponding means that there is an association relationship or a binding relationship between A and B.

[0062] Combine Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a combined ventilation design method for ventilation ducts and fans in cold region highway tunnels, including:

[0063] Step S01, determining the initial tunnel ventilation duct;

[0064] Step S02: determining the corresponding first tunnel ventilation section and second tunnel ventilation section according to the initial tunnel ventilation duct;

[0065] Step S03: obtaining the design wind speeds of the initial tunnel ventilation duct, the first tunnel ventilation section, and the second tunnel ventilation section;

[0066] Step S04: Optimize the initial tunnel ventilation duct according to each design wind speed to determine the final tunnel ventilation duct;

[0067] Step S05: Determine the fan configuration for combined ventilation with the final tunnel ventilation duct.

[0068] In some embodiments, the combined ventilation mode of the highway tunnel ventilation duct and the fan is a segmented ventilation mode, and the layout relationship is as follows: Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the cold region highway tunnel structure is divided into the first tunnel ventilation section and the second tunnel ventilation section, with wind speeds of V r1 and V r2 The second ventilation section in the tunnel structure partially overlaps with the ventilation duct, and the wind speed in the ventilation duct is V e. The ventilation duct refers to the initial tunnel ventilation duct or the final tunnel ventilation duct. The first tunnel ventilation section adopts the conventional longitudinal ventilation method, and jet fans are arranged along the way. Fresh air is sent in through the jet fans to ensure better ventilation efficiency. The second tunnel ventilation section adopts the ventilation method of ventilation duct exhaust. An exhaust axial flow fan is arranged at the inlet section of the ventilation duct, and the other end is connected to a customized air curtain machine arranged in the open hole structure. The hot air discharged from the wind curtain through the ventilation duct is used to discharge the polluted air in the tunnel to ensure better ventilation efficiency. In this way, the combined ventilation method of ventilation ducts and jet fans in cold-region highway tunnels can improve the operating efficiency of the tunnel ventilation system while ensuring the thermal insulation performance of the tunnel air curtain antifreeze system, solve the problem of the mutual restriction between the thermal insulation performance of the air curtain antifreeze system and the fluidity of the air in the tunnel, and effectively ensure the safety of cold-region highway tunnel operations.

[0069] Optionally, the initial tunnel ventilation duct is determined by the following formula to determine the corresponding first tunnel ventilation section and second tunnel ventilation section:

[0070] L2=L'-L0

[0071] L1=L-L2

[0072] In the above formula, L is the total length of the tunnel, m; L1 is the length of the first tunnel ventilation section, m; L2 is the length of the second tunnel ventilation section, m; L' is the length of the tunnel ventilation duct, m, and L0 is the length of the tunnel open hole structure ventilation duct, m.

[0073] Optionally, the length of the tunnel ventilation duct does not exceed 1 / 2 of the total length of the tunnel.

[0074] Optionally, the design wind speeds of the initial tunnel ventilation duct, the first tunnel ventilation section and the second tunnel ventilation section are obtained, including: obtaining the second design air volume of the second tunnel ventilation section; obtaining the second design wind speed based on the second design air volume; obtaining the second ventilation resistance of the second tunnel ventilation section based on the second design wind speed; obtaining the exhaust design wind speed of the tunnel ventilation duct based on the second ventilation resistance; and obtaining the first design wind speed of the first tunnel ventilation section based on the second design wind speed and the exhaust design wind speed.

[0075] In some embodiments, the air volume required for the first tunnel ventilation section is calculated based on the tunnel design speed of 10 km / h as a level, and the air volume required for diluting smoke and CO is calculated separately, and the air volume required for ventilation is calculated. The larger of the two is taken as the first design air volume of the first tunnel ventilation section. The first design air volume of the first tunnel ventilation section Q1≥max(Q req1(VI) ,Q req1(CO) ,Q req1(ac) ); where Q1 is the first design air volume of the first tunnel ventilation section, m 3 / s;Q req1(VI)The air volume required for diluting smoke and dust in the first tunnel ventilation section, m 3 / s;Q req1(CO) is the required air volume for dilution of CO in the first tunnel ventilation section, m 3 / s;Q req1(ac) is the ventilation air volume required for the first tunnel ventilation section, m 3 / s.

[0076] In some embodiments, the second design air volume of the second tunnel ventilation section is set at a level of 10 km / h below the tunnel design speed. The required air volume for diluting smoke and CO and the required air volume for ventilation are calculated using existing technology, and the larger one is taken as the design air volume of the second tunnel ventilation section. req2(VI) ,Q req2(CO) ,Q req2(ac) ); where Q2 is the second design air volume, Q req2(VI) The air volume required for diluting smoke and dust in the second tunnel ventilation section, m 3 / s;Q req2(CO) is the required air volume for dilution of CO in the second tunnel ventilation section, m 3 / s;Q req2(ac) is the ventilation air volume required for the second tunnel ventilation section, m 3 / s.

[0077] Optionally, obtaining the second design wind speed according to the second design wind volume includes: dividing the second design wind volume by the clear cross-sectional area of ​​the second tunnel ventilation section to obtain the second design wind speed.

[0078] Optionally, the calculation formula for the second design wind speed is: Among them, v2 is the second design wind speed of the second tunnel ventilation section, m / s; A2 is the clear cross-sectional area of ​​the second tunnel ventilation section.

[0079] Optionally, the second ventilation resistance of the second tunnel ventilation section is obtained according to the second design wind speed, including: obtaining tunnel structure parameters, traffic parameters, environmental parameters and second section parameters of the second tunnel ventilation section; calculating the second ventilation resistance of the second tunnel ventilation section according to the second design wind speed, tunnel structure parameters, traffic parameters, environmental parameters and second section parameters.

[0080] In some embodiments, tunnel structural parameters include the local resistance coefficient at the tunnel exit and the resistance coefficient along the tunnel. Traffic parameters include the equivalent vehicle impedance area, the tunnel's designed hourly traffic volume, and the operating vehicle speed within the tunnel. Environmental parameters include the tunnel's air density. Second section parameters include the length of the second tunnel's ventilation section, the equivalent cross-sectional diameter of the second tunnel's ventilation section, and the clear cross-sectional area of ​​the second tunnel's ventilation section.

[0081] Optionally, the second ventilation resistance is calculated by the following formula:

[0082]

[0083] In the above formula, ΔP2 is the second ventilation resistance, ξ ex is the local resistance coefficient at the tunnel exit, λ is the resistance coefficient along the tunnel, L2 is the length of the second tunnel ventilation section, D2 is the cross-sectional equivalent diameter of the second tunnel ventilation section, ρ is the tunnel air density, v n is the wind speed in the tunnel caused by natural wind, v2 is the design wind speed of the second tunnel ventilation section, A m is the equivalent impedance area of ​​the car, A2 is the clear cross-sectional area of ​​the second tunnel ventilation section, N is the tunnel design hourly traffic volume, v t is the vehicle speed in the tunnel.

[0084] Optionally, the exhaust design wind speed of the tunnel ventilation duct is obtained according to the second ventilation resistance, including: determining the rising pressure at the tunnel ventilation duct mouth according to the second ventilation resistance; calculating the exhaust design wind speed of the tunnel ventilation duct according to the tunnel structure parameters, the first section parameters of the first tunnel ventilation section, the second section parameters of the second tunnel ventilation section and the rising pressure.

[0085] Optionally, determining the pressure rise at the tunnel ventilation duct opening according to the second ventilation resistance includes: determining a value range of the pressure rise at the tunnel ventilation duct opening according to the second ventilation resistance, and the formula is expressed as: ΔP e ≥ΔP2; where ΔP2 is the second ventilation resistance of the second tunnel ventilation section, N / m 2 ;ΔP e The pressure rise at the ventilation duct outlet, N / m 2 .

[0086] Optionally, obtaining the exhaust design wind speed of the tunnel ventilation duct includes:

[0087]

[0088] In the above formula, ρ is the tunnel air density, kg / m 3 ; A e is the cross-sectional area of ​​the tunnel ventilation duct, m 2 ; A1 is the clear cross-sectional area of ​​the first tunnel ventilation section, m 2 ;K e is the exhaust outlet boost momentum coefficient, v e is the exhaust design wind speed of the tunnel ventilation duct, m / s; v2 is the design wind speed of the second tunnel ventilation section, m / s; A2 is the clear cross-sectional area of ​​the second tunnel ventilation section; ΔP e The rising pressure at the tunnel ventilation duct outlet, N / m 2 .

[0089] Optionally, the first design wind speed of the first tunnel ventilation section is obtained according to the first design air volume, the second design wind speed and the exhaust design wind speed, including: obtaining a first alternative design wind speed according to the first design air volume and the net clear area of ​​the first tunnel ventilation section; calculating the second alternative design wind speed according to the second design wind speed and the exhaust design wind speed; and selecting the maximum value of the first alternative design wind speed and the second alternative design wind speed as the first design wind speed of the first tunnel ventilation section.

[0090] Optionally, obtaining a first alternative design wind speed based on the first design air volume and the net cross-sectional area of ​​the first tunnel ventilation section includes: dividing the first design air volume by the net cross-sectional area of ​​the first tunnel ventilation section to obtain the first alternative design wind speed.

[0091] Optionally, a second alternative design Among them, A1 is the clear cross-sectional area of ​​the first tunnel ventilation section, m 2 ;v e is the exhaust design wind speed of the tunnel ventilation duct, m / s; v2 is the design wind speed of the second tunnel ventilation section, m / s; A2 is the clear cross-sectional area of ​​the second tunnel ventilation section, A e is the cross-sectional area of ​​the tunnel ventilation duct, m 2 .

[0092] Optionally, the maximum value of the first alternative design wind speed and the second alternative design wind speed is selected as the first design wind speed of the first tunnel ventilation section, and the formula is expressed as:

[0093] Optionally, the initial tunnel ventilation duct is optimized according to each design wind speed to determine the final tunnel ventilation duct, including: judging whether the first design wind speed, the second design wind speed and the exhaust design wind speed meet the preset ventilation conditions; if the preset ventilation conditions are met, the ventilation verification of the initial tunnel ventilation duct is successful, and the initial tunnel ventilation duct is determined as the final tunnel ventilation duct; if the preset ventilation conditions are not met, the length of the initial tunnel ventilation duct is continuously reduced, and the initial tunnel ventilation duct after each length reduction is used as a new tunnel ventilation duct for ventilation verification, and when the ventilation verification of the new tunnel ventilation duct is successful, the length reduction of the initial tunnel ventilation duct is stopped, and the new tunnel ventilation duct with successful ventilation verification is determined as the final tunnel ventilation duct.

[0094] Optionally, the preset ventilation conditions are that the first design wind speed, the second design wind speed is less than or equal to the first preset wind speed index, and the exhaust design wind speed is less than or equal to the second preset wind speed index.

[0095] In some embodiments, the first preset wind speed index is 10.0 m / s, and the first design wind speed and the second design wind speed are less than or equal to 10.0 m / s. In special cases, the first preset wind speed index is 12.0 m / s, and the first design wind speed and the second design wind speed are less than or equal to 12.0 m / s. The second preset wind speed index is 20.0 m / s, and the exhaust design wind speed is less than or equal to 20.0 m / s.

[0096] In some embodiments, the process of obtaining the final tunnel ventilation duct is as follows:

[0097] Step S11, determining the initial tunnel ventilation duct;

[0098] Step S12: determining the corresponding first tunnel ventilation section and second tunnel ventilation section according to the initial tunnel ventilation duct;

[0099] Step S13: obtaining a second design wind speed of the second tunnel ventilation section;

[0100] Step S14: obtaining the exhaust design wind speed of the tunnel ventilation duct;

[0101] Step S15: obtaining a first design wind speed for the first tunnel ventilation section according to the second design wind speed and the exhaust design wind speed;

[0102] Step S16: Determine whether the first design wind speed, the second design wind speed, and the exhaust design wind speed meet preset ventilation conditions; if the preset ventilation conditions are met, the initial tunnel ventilation duct ventilation verification is successful, and step S17 is executed; if the preset ventilation conditions are not met, step S18 is executed;

[0103] Step S17: determining the initial tunnel ventilation duct as the final tunnel ventilation duct;

[0104] Step S18: Reduce the length of the initial tunnel ventilation duct to obtain a new tunnel ventilation duct, and use the new tunnel ventilation duct as the initial tunnel ventilation duct and return to step S11.

[0105] Optionally, determining the fan configuration for combined ventilation with the final tunnel ventilation duct includes: determining the third tunnel ventilation section and the fourth tunnel ventilation section corresponding to the final tunnel ventilation duct; calculating the third ventilation resistance of the third tunnel ventilation section and the fourth ventilation resistance of the fourth tunnel ventilation section; and screening the fan configuration according to the third ventilation resistance and the fourth ventilation resistance.

[0106] Optionally, if the final tunnel ventilation duct is the initial tunnel ventilation duct, the third tunnel ventilation section and the fourth tunnel ventilation section are the first tunnel ventilation section and the second tunnel ventilation section, respectively. If the final tunnel ventilation duct is a new tunnel ventilation duct, the corresponding third tunnel ventilation section and fourth tunnel ventilation section are determined in the same manner as the first and second tunnel ventilation sections were determined for the initial tunnel ventilation duct.

[0107] Optionally, the third ventilation resistance of the third tunnel ventilation section is calculated in the same manner as the first ventilation resistance of the first tunnel ventilation section. The fourth ventilation resistance of the fourth tunnel ventilation section is calculated in the same manner as the second ventilation resistance of the second tunnel ventilation section.

[0108] Optionally, the calculation formula for the first ventilation resistance or the third ventilation resistance is:

[0109]

[0110] In the above formula, ΔP1 is the ventilation resistance of the first tunnel ventilation section, N / m 2 ξ e is the local resistance coefficient at the tunnel entrance; ξ s is the local resistance coefficient of tunnel diversion; D1 is the equivalent cross-sectional diameter of the first tunnel ventilation section, m.

[0111] Optionally, screening the fan configuration according to the third ventilation resistance and the fourth ventilation resistance includes: determining the range of the total lift pressure of the jet fan group according to the third ventilation resistance, and selecting the model and configuration of the jet fan according to the range of the total lift pressure of the jet fan group; determining the range of the total lift pressure of the axial fan group according to the fourth ventilation resistance, and selecting the model and configuration of the axial fan according to the range of the total lift pressure of the axial fan group.

[0112] In some embodiments, the range of determining the total lift pressure of the jet fan group based on the third ventilation resistance includes: the total lift pressure of the jet fan group is greater than or equal to the third ventilation resistance. The range of determining the total lift pressure of the axial flow fan group based on the fourth ventilation resistance includes: the total lift pressure of the axial flow fan group is greater than or equal to the fourth ventilation resistance.

[0113] In some embodiments, when the third ventilation resistance is equal to the first ventilation resistance, the range of the total lift pressure of the jet fan group is: ∑P j ≥ΔP1; where ∑P j is the total lift pressure of the jet fan group, N / m 2 ; ΔP1 is the first ventilation resistance, N / m 2 When the fourth ventilation resistance is equal to the second ventilation resistance, the range of the total lift pressure of the axial flow fan group is: ∑P a ≥ΔP2; where ∑P a is the total pressure rise of the axial flow fan group, N / m2 , ΔP2 is the second ventilation resistance.

[0114] Combine Figure 3 As shown, a combined ventilation design device for cold-region highway tunnel ventilation ducts and fans includes: an initial tunnel ventilation duct determination module 101, configured to determine the initial tunnel ventilation duct; and determine the corresponding first tunnel ventilation section and second tunnel ventilation section based on the initial tunnel ventilation duct; a design wind speed acquisition module 102, configured to obtain the design wind speeds of the initial tunnel ventilation duct, the first tunnel ventilation section and the second tunnel ventilation section; a ventilation verification module 103, configured to optimize the initial tunnel ventilation duct according to each design wind speed and determine the final tunnel ventilation duct; a fan configuration determination module 104, configured to determine the fan configuration for combined ventilation with the final tunnel ventilation duct.

[0115] In some embodiments, ventilation ducts are a key component of the air curtain antifreeze system. This solution utilizes the rational design of tunnel ventilation ducts based on the air curtain antifreeze system's infrastructure and deploys fans integrated with the tunnel ventilation ducts. This allows the tunnel ventilation ducts to function as ventilation systems, providing significant advantages in terms of applicability and cost-effectiveness. This solution allows for the rational determination of ventilation duct lengths and corresponding ventilation design parameters, demonstrating significant engineering application value.

[0116] The present invention will be described in detail below through embodiments, and a combined ventilation design method and device for a cold region highway tunnel ventilation duct and fan proposed by the present invention will be applied in conjunction with specific examples.

[0117] In this embodiment 1, a high-altitude highway tunnel in a cold region is used as an example. The basic ventilation design parameters are as follows:

[0118] The tunnel is a first-class highway tunnel with a design speed of 80km / h, a tunnel length of 5km, and a clear area of ​​65.65m 2 The average altitude of the tunnel site is 2400m, and the air density is 0.907kg / m 3 The wind speed in the tunnel caused by natural wind is 2m / s; the tunnel's mixed vehicle design peak hour traffic volume in 2028, 2035, 2040 and 2045 are 315 vehicles / h, 548 vehicles / h, 769 vehicles / h and 1056 vehicles / h respectively.

[0119] For cold-region high-altitude highway tunnels with a small designed traffic volume, such as Example 1, the probability of traffic congestion in the tunnel is very small, and the tunnel and the road section are equipped with a complete traffic monitoring system. Even if traffic congestion occurs in the tunnel, the number of vehicles entering the tunnel can be limited through traffic control. Therefore, compared with setting up the ventilation system according to traffic congestion conditions, this embodiment verifies the design wind speed based on vehicle speeds under different operating conditions, which is more in line with actual conditions and further illustrates the practicality of the combined ventilation design method of ventilation ducts and fans for cold-region highway tunnels provided by the present invention.

[0120] The specific steps of a combined ventilation design method for ventilation ducts and fans in cold region highway tunnels are as follows:

[0121] Step S31: The total length of the tunnel is 5000m, and the length of the initial tunnel ventilation duct is planned to be 2050m; the length of the first tunnel ventilation section is 3000m, and the length of the second tunnel ventilation section is 2000m.

[0122] Step S32: Calculate the design wind speed of the second tunnel ventilation section. The result is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the design wind speed of the first tunnel ventilation section is as follows Figure 5 As shown, the initial design wind speed of the tunnel ventilation duct is as follows Figure 6 shown. Figure 4-Figure 6 The following are the design wind speed line graphs for various operating conditions, considering the long-term traffic volumes in 2028, 2035, 2040 and 2045 respectively.

[0123] In step S33, the design wind speed in the second tunnel ventilation section is less than 10.0 m / s, which meets the requirements. The design wind speed in the first tunnel ventilation section reaches a maximum of 13.1 m / s, exceeding 10.0 m / s and not meeting the requirements. The design wind speed in the tunnel ventilation duct reaches a maximum of 25.1 m / s, exceeding 20.0 m / s and not meeting the requirements.

[0124] Step S34: The length of the initial tunnel ventilation duct is 2050m, the length of the first tunnel ventilation section is 3000m, and the length of the second tunnel ventilation section is 2000m. These do not meet the requirements of various indicators. The tunnel ventilation plan is unreasonable. After reducing the length of the initial tunnel ventilation duct, the ventilation of the tunnel ventilation duct is re-evaluated until the requirements are met.

[0125] Example 2:

[0126] This embodiment 2 is based on the embodiment 1, and further reasonably determines the ventilation duct length and corresponding ventilation design parameters, as follows:

[0127] Step S41: The total length of the tunnel is 5000m, and the length of the proposed new tunnel ventilation duct is 1550m; the length of the third tunnel ventilation section corresponding to the new tunnel ventilation duct is 3500m, and the length of the fourth tunnel ventilation section is 1500m.

[0128] Step S42: Calculate the design wind speed of the fourth tunnel ventilation section. The result is as follows: Figure 7 As shown, the design wind speed of the third tunnel ventilation section is as follows Figure 8 As shown, the design wind speed of the new tunnel ventilation duct is as follows Figure 9 shown. Figure 7-Figure 9 The following are the design wind speed line graphs for various operating conditions, considering the long-term traffic volumes in 2028, 2035, 2040 and 2045 respectively.

[0129] Step S43, the design wind speed of the fourth tunnel ventilation section is less than 10.0m / s, which meets the requirements; the design wind speed of the fourth tunnel ventilation section is less than 10.0m / s, which meets the requirements; the design wind speed in the tunnel ventilation duct is less than 20.0m / s, which meets the requirements.

[0130] Step S44: Calculate the ventilation resistance of the third tunnel ventilation section and the fourth tunnel ventilation section, determine the range of the total lift pressure of the fan group based on the ventilation resistance, and then determine the selection and configuration of the fans as follows: 1120 type jet fans, with a single unit power of 30kW, and two disaster prevention jet fans are arranged in the same section of the tunnel; a total of 24 1120 type jet fans are configured.

[0131] This plan repeatedly calculates different ventilation duct length options and the corresponding required air volume, design air volume, wind speed, etc., and determines the reasonable ventilation duct length and corresponding ventilation design parameters through the design wind speed, so as to finally determine the reasonable tunnel ventilation duct and fan combination, solve the problem of the mutual restriction between the thermal insulation of the air curtain anti-freeze system and the fluidity of the air in the tunnel, and effectively ensure the safe operation of highway tunnels in cold regions.

[0132] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features therein. These modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should all be included in the scope of the claims and description of the present invention.

Claims

1. A combined ventilation design method for ventilation ducts and fans in cold region highway tunnels, characterized in that: include: Determine the initial tunnel ventilation duct length; The length of the first tunnel ventilation section and the length of the second tunnel ventilation section corresponding to the initial tunnel ventilation duct are determined by the following formula: ； ； in, is the total length of the tunnel, is the length of the first tunnel ventilation section, is the length of the second tunnel ventilation section, is the length of the tunnel ventilation duct, The length of ventilation duct for open-hole structure of tunnel; Obtain the design wind speeds for the initial tunnel ventilation duct, the first tunnel ventilation section, and the second tunnel ventilation section, including: Calculate the required air volume for smoke dilution, CO dilution, and ventilation for the first and second tunnel ventilation sections respectively, and compare them. Select the maximum required air volume as the first design air volume and the second design air volume for the first and second tunnel ventilation sections, respectively. The second design wind speed is calculated based on the second design air volume and the clear cross-sectional area of ​​the second tunnel ventilation section. The specific calculation formula is as follows: ； in, is the second design air volume, is the clear cross-sectional area of ​​the ventilation section of the second tunnel; The second ventilation resistance is calculated based on the second design wind speed and the structural parameters of the second tunnel ventilation section. The specific calculation formula is as follows: ； in, is the local resistance coefficient at the tunnel exit, is the resistance coefficient along the tunnel, is the cross-sectional equivalent diameter of the second tunnel ventilation section, is the tunnel air density, is the wind speed in the tunnel caused by natural wind, is the equivalent impedance area of ​​the car, Design hourly traffic volume for the tunnel, is the vehicle speed in the tunnel; According to the structural parameters of the first and second tunnel ventilation sections and the second design wind speed, the exhaust design wind speed is obtained by solving the following equation: ； in, is the clear cross-sectional area of ​​the first tunnel ventilation section, is the cross-sectional area of ​​the tunnel ventilation duct, is the exhaust outlet pressure boost momentum coefficient, is the rising pressure at the tunnel ventilation duct outlet selected according to the second ventilation resistance, Design wind speed for exhaust; The first alternative wind speed is calculated based on the first design air volume and the clear cross-sectional area of ​​the first tunnel ventilation section. The second alternative wind speed of the first tunnel ventilation section is calculated based on the exhaust wind speed, the cross-sectional area of ​​the tunnel ventilation duct, the second design wind speed, and the clear cross-sectional area of ​​the second tunnel ventilation section. The maximum value of the first alternative wind speed and the second alternative wind speed is selected as the first design wind speed of the first tunnel ventilation section, which is specifically: ； in, is the first design air volume; Determining whether the first design wind speed, the second design wind speed, and the exhaust design wind speed meet preset ventilation conditions; If the preset ventilation conditions are met, the ventilation verification of the initial tunnel ventilation duct is successful, and the initial tunnel ventilation duct is determined as the final tunnel ventilation duct; If the preset ventilation condition is not met, the length of the initial tunnel ventilation duct is continuously reduced, and the initial tunnel ventilation duct after each reduction in length is used as a new tunnel ventilation duct for ventilation verification, and when the ventilation verification of the new tunnel ventilation duct is successful, the length reduction of the initial tunnel ventilation duct is stopped, and the new tunnel ventilation duct that has successfully passed the ventilation verification is determined as the final tunnel ventilation duct; According to the determined length of the final tunnel ventilation duct, the lengths of the third tunnel ventilation section and the fourth tunnel ventilation section corresponding to the final tunnel ventilation duct are determined in the same manner as the lengths of the first tunnel ventilation section and the second tunnel ventilation section of the initial tunnel ventilation duct; The third ventilation resistance corresponding to the third tunnel ventilation section is calculated using the same calculation method as the first ventilation resistance of the first tunnel ventilation section. The specific calculation formula for the first ventilation resistance is as follows: ； in, is the local resistance coefficient at the tunnel entrance, is the tunnel diversion local resistance coefficient, is the cross-sectional equivalent diameter of the ventilation section of the first tunnel; Calculate the fourth ventilation resistance corresponding to the fourth tunnel ventilation section using the same calculation method as the second ventilation resistance of the second tunnel ventilation section; Determine the range of the total lift pressure of the jet fan group according to the third ventilation resistance, and select the model and configuration of the jet fan according to the range of the total lift pressure of the jet fan group; The range of the total pressure rise of the axial flow fan group is determined according to the fourth ventilation resistance, and the model and configuration of the axial flow fan are selected according to the range of the total pressure rise of the axial flow fan group.

2. A combined ventilation design device for ventilation ducts and fans in cold region highway tunnels, characterized in that: include: The initial tunnel ventilation duct determination module is configured to determine the length of the first tunnel ventilation section and the length of the second tunnel ventilation section corresponding to the initial tunnel ventilation duct by using the following formula: ； ； in, is the total length of the tunnel, is the length of the first tunnel ventilation section, is the length of the second tunnel ventilation section, is the length of the tunnel ventilation duct, The length of ventilation duct for open-hole structure of tunnel; The design wind speed acquisition module is configured to calculate the required air volume for smoke dilution, the required air volume for CO dilution, and the required air volume for ventilation for the first tunnel ventilation section and the second tunnel ventilation section, respectively, and compare them, and select the maximum required air volume as the first design air volume and the second design air volume for the first tunnel ventilation section and the second tunnel ventilation section, respectively; The second design wind speed is calculated based on the second design air volume and the clear cross-sectional area of ​​the second tunnel ventilation section. The specific calculation formula is as follows: ； in, is the second design air volume, is the clear cross-sectional area of ​​the ventilation section of the second tunnel; The second ventilation resistance is calculated based on the second design wind speed and the structural parameters of the second tunnel ventilation section. The specific calculation formula is as follows: ； in, is the local resistance coefficient at the tunnel exit, is the resistance coefficient along the tunnel, is the cross-sectional equivalent diameter of the second tunnel ventilation section, is the tunnel air density, is the wind speed in the tunnel caused by natural wind, is the equivalent impedance area of ​​the car, Design hourly traffic volume for the tunnel, is the vehicle speed in the tunnel; According to the structural parameters of the first and second tunnel ventilation sections and the second design wind speed, the exhaust design wind speed is obtained by solving the following equation: ； in, is the clear cross-sectional area of ​​the first tunnel ventilation section, is the cross-sectional area of ​​the tunnel ventilation duct, is the exhaust outlet pressure boost momentum coefficient, is the rising pressure at the tunnel ventilation duct outlet selected according to the second ventilation resistance, Design wind speed for exhaust; The first alternative wind speed is calculated based on the first design air volume and the clear cross-sectional area of ​​the first tunnel ventilation section. The second alternative wind speed of the first tunnel ventilation section is calculated based on the exhaust wind speed, the cross-sectional area of ​​the tunnel ventilation duct, the second design wind speed, and the clear cross-sectional area of ​​the second tunnel ventilation section. The maximum value of the first alternative wind speed and the second alternative wind speed is selected as the first design wind speed of the first tunnel ventilation section, which is specifically: ； in, is the first design air volume; a ventilation verification module, configured to determine whether the first design wind speed, the second design wind speed, and the exhaust design wind speed meet preset ventilation conditions; If the preset ventilation conditions are met, the ventilation verification of the initial tunnel ventilation duct is successful, and the initial tunnel ventilation duct is determined as the final tunnel ventilation duct; If the preset ventilation condition is not met, the length of the initial tunnel ventilation duct is continuously reduced, and the initial tunnel ventilation duct after each reduction in length is used as a new tunnel ventilation duct for ventilation verification, and when the ventilation verification of the new tunnel ventilation duct is successful, the length reduction of the initial tunnel ventilation duct is stopped, and the new tunnel ventilation duct that has successfully passed the ventilation verification is determined as the final tunnel ventilation duct; a fan configuration determination module configured to determine, based on the determined length of the final tunnel ventilation duct, the lengths of the third tunnel ventilation section and the fourth tunnel ventilation section corresponding to the final tunnel ventilation duct in the same manner as the lengths of the first tunnel ventilation section and the second tunnel ventilation section were determined for the initial tunnel ventilation duct; The third ventilation resistance corresponding to the third tunnel ventilation section is calculated using the same calculation method as the first ventilation resistance of the first tunnel ventilation section. The specific calculation formula for the first ventilation resistance is as follows: ； in, is the local resistance coefficient at the tunnel entrance, is the tunnel diversion local resistance coefficient, is the cross-sectional equivalent diameter of the ventilation section of the first tunnel; Calculate the fourth ventilation resistance corresponding to the fourth tunnel ventilation section using the same calculation method as the second ventilation resistance of the second tunnel ventilation section; Determine the range of the total lift pressure of the jet fan group according to the third ventilation resistance, and select the model and configuration of the jet fan according to the range of the total lift pressure of the jet fan group; The range of the total pressure rise of the axial flow fan group is determined according to the fourth ventilation resistance, and the model and configuration of the axial flow fan are selected according to the range of the total pressure rise of the axial flow fan group.

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