Extraction and separation process of bamboo shoot dietary fiber

Abstract

This invention relates to a process for extracting, separating, and refining dietary fiber from bamboo shoots. First, fresh Lei bamboo shoots are peeled, washed, and cut into chunks to obtain block-shaped Lei bamboo shoots. The block-shaped Lei bamboo shoots are then crushed by a crusher to obtain wet granules. The wet granules are then subjected to high-speed double-stage pulping to obtain a pulping liquid. The pulping liquid is then spray-dried to obtain powdered bamboo shoot dietary fiber. The bamboo shoot dietary fiber has an uneven, fluffy structure. The refining process is simple and easy to scale up for industrial production. It can be used as a dietary supplement for mice, exhibiting effects such as weight loss, lowering blood lipids, lowering blood sugar, and lowering cholesterol in high-fat mice. Furthermore, the special high-speed double-stage pulping process significantly increases the surface area of ​​the bamboo shoot dietary fiber, which is beneficial for improving its adsorption properties.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a process for extracting, separating, and refining dietary fiber from bamboo shoots, belonging to the field of bamboo shoot dietary fiber processing technology. Background Technology

[0002] Bamboo shoots are hailed as a "treasure of the cold mountains." They are rich in nutrients, characterized by low fat, low sugar, and high fiber.

[0003] Dietary fiber is a mixture of various components, including cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, pectin, and soluble polysaccharides. As an extremely important functional food, it is receiving increasing attention in the development of functional foods.

[0004] The common method for extracting dietary fiber from bamboo shoots is enzymatic hydrolysis. For example, the method disclosed in CN105996060A, "A Method for Extracting Dietary Fiber from Bamboo Shoots," involves first washing, pre-cooking, and drying the peeled bamboo shoots, then pulverizing them into coarse powder. The coarse powder is then mixed with a phosphate buffer solution containing a complex enzyme, heated to 35–45°C for enzymatic hydrolysis, yielding an enzymatic hydrolysate. After enzyme inactivation, the hydrolysate is filtered through an ultrafiltration membrane. Finally, the ultrafiltration permeate is spray-dried, and the resulting powder is fed into an extraction vessel. A mixture of a carrying agent and supercritical CO2 gas is introduced, and extraction yields dietary fiber. The extraction method of this invention can significantly increase the content of total dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber, and soluble dietary fiber in the product, and the resulting product has good water-holding capacity and swelling properties.

[0005] The above-mentioned method for extracting dietary fiber from bamboo shoots requires the use of a large amount of enzymes, which not only makes process control difficult but also increases costs, hindering industrialization and the need to reduce costs.

[0006] Based on this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention addresses the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a process for extracting, separating, and refining dietary fiber from bamboo shoots. The specific technical solution is as follows:

[0008] A process for extracting, separating, and refining dietary fiber from bamboo shoots includes the following steps:

[0009] Step 1: Peel, wash, and cut fresh Lei bamboo shoots into chunks to obtain Lei bamboo shoot pieces;

[0010] Step 2: The blocky bamboo shoots are crushed by a crusher to obtain wet granules;

[0011] Step 3: After the wet granules are subjected to high-speed double-stage pulping, pulping liquid is obtained;

[0012] Step 4: The pulp is spray-dried to obtain powdered bamboo shoot dietary fiber.

[0013] A further improvement is made in step 2, where the particle size of the wet particles is less than 3 mm.

[0014] As a further improvement, in step 3, the mesh size of the screen used for filtration is 1.0 mm during the first pulping stage and 0.6 mm during the second pulping stage.

[0015] In a further improvement, in step 4, the bamboo shoot dietary fiber has a particle size greater than 80 mesh and a water content less than or equal to 3.2%, and the bamboo shoot dietary fiber is an amorphous composition.

[0016] In a further improvement, in step 3, the wet particles undergo a first pulping process in a first pulper. Before pulping, ice is poured into the first pulper, and the mass ratio of wet particles to ice in the first pulper is 10:1. The pulping speed is 300-500 r / min, and the pulping time is 10-15 min. Afterward, a second pulping process is carried out in a second pulper, where pulping is performed under microwave conditions with a power of 380-390 W, and the pulping time does not exceed 10 min. The pulping speed is 500-600 r / min.

[0017] Further improvements include the application of the aforementioned bamboo shoot dietary fiber in the preparation of health products / foods with weight loss effects and / or effects of regulating blood sugar, cholesterol, lipoproteins, and triglycerides.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0019] 1. The extraction, separation and refining process of bamboo shoot dietary fiber uses bamboo shoots as raw material, which is crushed, subjected to double high-speed pulping, and centrifugal spray drying to prepare powdered bamboo shoot dietary fiber with an uneven and fluffy structure; the refining process is easy to implement and can be industrialized on a large scale.

[0020] 2. Powdered bamboo shoot dietary fiber, as a dietary supplement for mice, showed effects such as weight loss, lowering blood lipids, lowering blood sugar, and lowering cholesterol in high-fat mice.

[0021] 3. The refined powdered bamboo shoot dietary fiber of this invention has a fluffy surface structure and a large surface area, which not only makes it easy to digest and absorb, but also helps to improve its adsorption properties. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 The extraction, separation, and refining process for dietary fiber from bamboo shoots;

[0023] Figure 2 SEM image of bamboo shoot powder;

[0024] Figure 3 The IR spectrum of bamboo shoot powder;

[0025] Figure 4 XRD pattern of bamboo shoot powder;

[0026] Figure 5 The effect of bamboo shoot powder on weight loss from high-fat feed;

[0027] Figure 6 The effect of bamboo shoot powder on blood lipids in mice (Figure 1) * p<0.05, *** p<0.001, vs. LFC group. # p<0.05, ## p<0.01, ### p<0.001 (vs. HFD group);

[0028] Figure 7 Imaging of adipose tissue (HE staining), where (A: LFC; B: HFD; C: HFBSP);

[0029] Figure 8 Liver tissue imaging (HE staining), (A: LFC; B: HFD; C: HFBSP). Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] 1. Experimental Methods

[0033] 1.1 Preparation of dietary fiber from bamboo shoots

[0034] Step 1: Peel, wash, and cut fresh Lei bamboo shoots into chunks to obtain Lei bamboo shoot pieces;

[0035] Step 2: 200.0 kg of blocky Lei bamboo shoots are crushed by a crusher to obtain wet particles with a particle size of less than 3 mm;

[0036] Step 3: After the wet granules are subjected to high-speed double-stage pulping, a pulping solution is obtained. In the first pulping stage, the mesh size of the sieve used for filtration is 1.0 mm; in the second pulping stage, the mesh size of the sieve used for filtration is 0.6 mm. The wet granules are pulped in the first pulping machine. Before pulping, ice cubes are poured into the first pulping machine. The mass ratio of wet granules to ice cubes in the first pulping machine is 10:1. The pulping speed is 300 r / min and the pulping time is 10 min. Then, the second pulping is carried out in the second pulping machine. The pulping is carried out under microwave conditions with a power of 386W for 7 min and the pulping speed is 550 r / min.

[0037] Step 4: The pulping liquid is spray-dried to obtain 17.2 kg of powdered bamboo shoot dietary fiber (hereinafter referred to as bamboo shoot powder, with a particle size of 170 mesh, a moisture content of 3.2%, and a specific surface area of ​​1.91 m²). 2 / g), with a yield of 8.6%. The specific preparation process is as follows: Figure 1 As shown.

[0038] 2. Mice and Diet

[0039] After a two-week environmental acclimatization period, the purchased mice were subjected to a seven-week experiment, including a low-fat control group (LFC), a high-fat group (HFD), and a high-fat bamboo shoot powder group (HFBSP), with 10 mice in each group. Details are shown in Table 1.

[0040] Table 1. Experimental Dietary Composition

[0041]

[0042]

[0043] 3. Results and Discussion

[0044] 3.1 Parameters of Bamboo Shoot Powder

[0045] Bamboo shoot powder (bamboo shoot dietary fiber) is produced directly and continuously from fresh Lei bamboo shoots. Due to the rapid and continuous processing, the powder retains the unique aroma, dietary fiber, and nutrients of bamboo shoots. The main components of bamboo shoot powder are cellulose (12.47%), hemicellulose (12.94%), lignin (20.24%), and protein (21.18%), among which cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin are dietary fibers, with a total content of 45.65%.

[0046] The structure of bamboo shoot powder was characterized by SEM, IR, and XRD. The results are shown in the figure. Figures 2-4 .Depend on Figure 2It is known that bamboo shoot powder (bamboo shoot dietary fiber) is composed of fibrous and granular substances. The fibrous substance is consistent with the main component of bamboo shoots, which is dietary fiber, while the other granular substance is mainly composed of protein. Figure 3 It can be seen that the peaks of bamboo shoot powder (bamboo shoot dietary fiber) on the infrared spectrum appear at 3280 (OH), 2929 (CH2), 1629 (C=O), 1395 (CH), 1045 (CO), and 886 (COC) cm⁻¹. -1 .Depend on Figure 4 It can be seen that bamboo shoot powder (bamboo shoot dietary fiber) did not show a crystallization peak and is an amorphous composition.

[0047] 4. Weight

[0048] To further investigate the weight loss effect of bamboo shoot powder (bamboo shoot dietary fiber) on a high-fat diet, three groups of mice (LFC, HFD, and HFBSP groups) were fed for 7 weeks. The experimental results are shown below. Figure 5 .

[0049] Depend on Figure 5 It was observed that during the first 0-2 weeks, there was no significant difference in body weight among the three groups of mice (LFC, HFD, and HFBSP groups). After 3 weeks of feeding, the body weight of the HFBSP group was not significantly different from that of the LFC group, but was lower than that of the HFD group. With continued feeding, after 7 weeks, the body weight of the HFBSP group was still not significantly different from that of the LFC group, but was significantly lower than that of the HFD group. The results indicate that mice in the high-value diet group, when simultaneously consuming bamboo shoot powder (bamboo shoot dietary fiber), achieved weight reduction. Bamboo shoot powder (bamboo shoot dietary fiber) is beneficial to the health of mice and has a certain weight-loss effect.

[0050] 5. Biochemical indicators

[0051] To obtain the blood lipid parameters of the three groups of mice (LFC, HFD, and HFBSP groups) after 7 weeks of feeding, a comparative study was conducted on indicators such as triglycerides (TG), blood glucose (GLU), total cholesterol (CHOL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C). The results are shown in […]. Figure 6 .

[0052] Depend on Figure 6 Analysis showed that the HFD group mice had the highest levels of all five blood lipid indicators. Triglycerides are the main component of body fat, and excessive triglycerides can lead to obesity, fatty liver, and other diseases. The results indicated that adding bamboo shoot (dietary fiber) powder to the diet could reduce triglyceride levels (p<0.05, vs. HFD group). The results also showed that the blood glucose levels of the HFBSP group mice were lower than those of the HFD group mice (p<0.01).

[0053] Total cholesterol is a key indicator of blood lipids in clinical practice; excessively high levels can lead to diseases such as diabetes, coronary heart disease, and atherosclerosis. Figure 6 The results showed that the total cholesterol level in the HFD group mice was 3.62 mmol / L, while the total cholesterol level in the LFC group was much lower at 2.24 mmol / L (p<0.001). The total cholesterol level in the HFBSP group mice was also low at 2.29 mmol / L. These results indicate that consuming a certain amount of bamboo shoot powder (bamboo shoot dietary fiber) simultaneously with a high-fat diet can reduce the total cholesterol level in the blood of mice. Elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) can lead to atherosclerosis, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Figure 6 It can be seen that the low-density lipoprotein content in the HFBSP group mice was also low.

[0054] Therefore, bamboo shoot powder (bamboo shoot dietary fiber) can reduce the levels of triglycerides (TG), blood glucose (GLU), total cholesterol (CHOL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) in high-fat mice, which is beneficial to their health.

[0055] 6. Fat and liver

[0056] After feeding three groups of mice (LFC, HFD, and HFBSP groups) with bamboo shoot powder (bamboo shoot dietary fiber) for 7 weeks, their adipose tissue imaging results are as follows: Figure 7 As shown. The results indicate that the cells in the HFD group ( Figure 7 The value at point B was significantly greater than that at the LFC group. Figure 7 Cells at point A in the middle and cells in the HFBSP group ( Figure 7 (Point C in the text), meaning that the HFD group mice were slightly overweight, and that consuming bamboo shoot powder (bamboo shoot dietary fiber) could alleviate their obesity. This research result is consistent with... Figure 5 The results are consistent.

[0057] Liver tissue imaging (HE staining) results are shown in the figure. Figure 8 A significant difference was observed in the results of the three groups of mice (LFC, HFD, and HFBSP groups). The HFD group mice ( Figure 8 The presence of a small amount of oil at point B indicates a tendency towards obesity.

[0058] 7. Conclusion

[0059] Bamboo shoot powder (bamboo shoot dietary fiber) is made from fresh Lei bamboo shoots through rapid continuous processing, and its dietary fiber (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin) content is 45.65%. After feeding three groups of mice (LFC, HFD, and HFBSP groups) with Lei bamboo shoot (dietary fiber) powder for 7 weeks, the body weight of the mice in the HFD group was significantly higher than that in the LFC and HFBSP groups. This indicates that adding bamboo shoot powder (bamboo shoot dietary fiber) to the diet is helpful for maintaining body weight. After feeding the three groups of mice (LFC, HFD, and HFBSP groups) with Lei bamboo shoot (dietary fiber) powder for 7 weeks, adding bamboo shoot powder (bamboo shoot dietary fiber) to the diet can reduce the levels of triglycerides (TG), blood glucose (GLU), total cholesterol (CHOL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) in high-fat mice, which is beneficial to their health. After feeding three groups of mice (LFC, HFD, and HFBSP groups) with bamboo shoot powder (bamboo shoot dietary fiber) for 7 weeks, the cells of the HFD group mice were significantly larger than those of the LFC and HFBSP groups, suggesting weight gain. Therefore, this newly developed bamboo shoot powder (bamboo shoot dietary fiber) can be further applied as an additive in the food industry.

[0060] Example 2

[0061] The only difference between this example and Example 1 is that in step 3, the wet particles undergo a first pulping process in a first pulper without adding ice before pulping. The pulping speed is 300 r / min, and the pulping time is 10 min. Then, a second pulping process is performed in a second pulper without microwave treatment. The pulping time is 7 min, and the pulping speed is 550 r / min. Everything else remains the same, ultimately yielding powdered bamboo shoot dietary fiber (particle size 170 mesh, moisture content 3.1%, specific surface area 0.83 m²). 2 / g).

[0062] Example 3

[0063] The only difference between this example and Example 1 is that in step 3, the wet particles undergo a first pulping process in a first pulper without adding ice beforehand. The pulping speed is 300 rpm, and the pulping time is 10 minutes. Then, a second pulping process is performed in a second pulper under microwave conditions at 386 W for 7 minutes at a speed of 550 rpm. The rest of the process remains the same, ultimately yielding powdered bamboo shoot dietary fiber (particle size 170 mesh, moisture content 3.2%, specific surface area 0.72 m²). 2 / g).

[0064] Example 4

[0065] The only difference between this example and Example 1 is that in step 3, the wet particles undergo a first pulping process in a first pulper. Before pulping, ice is added to the first pulper, and the mass ratio of wet particles to ice in the first pulper is 10:1. The pulping speed is 300 r / min, and the pulping time is 10 min. Then, a second pulping process is performed in a second pulper, without microwave treatment, for 7 min at a speed of 550 r / min. Everything else remains the same, ultimately yielding powdered bamboo shoot dietary fiber (particle size 170 mesh, moisture content 3.1%, specific surface area 1.01 m²). 2 / g).

[0066] Example 5

[0067] The only difference between this example and Example 1 is that in step 3, during the second pulping process in the second pulper, the pulping is performed under microwave conditions with a power of 386W for 11 minutes at a rotation speed of 550 r / min; everything else remains the same. The final product is powdered bamboo shoot dietary fiber (particle size 170 mesh, moisture content 3.1%, specific surface area 1.53 m²). 2 / g).

[0068] Example 6

[0069] The only difference between this example and Example 1 is that in step 3, during the second pulping process in the second pulper, the pulping is performed under microwave conditions with a power of 390W for 7 minutes, and the pulping speed is 550 r / min; everything else is the same, ultimately yielding powdered bamboo shoot dietary fiber (particle size 170 mesh, moisture content 3.1%, specific surface area 1.37 m²). 2 / g).

[0070] Example 7

[0071] The only difference between this example and Example 1 is that in step 3, during the second pulping process in the second pulper, the pulping is performed under microwave conditions with a power of 380W for 7 minutes at a rotation speed of 550 r / min; the rest remains the same, ultimately yielding powdered bamboo shoot dietary fiber (particle size 170 mesh, moisture content 3.1%, specific surface area 1.68 m²). 2 / g).

[0072] In this invention, by first treating the bamboo shoots with ice water during high-speed double-stage pulping and then subjecting them to microwave-assisted pulping, the dual action facilitates fiber breakdown, thereby significantly increasing the specific surface area of ​​the dietary fiber in the finished bamboo shoots. Dietary fiber with a larger specific surface area has significantly improved taste and its ability to adsorb cholesterol, sodium cholate, fat, etc., thereby inhibiting the body's absorption.

[0073] Additionally, it should be noted that during the second pulping process, since the pulping is performed under microwave conditions, the pulping time should not be too long, otherwise it will have the opposite effect.

[0074] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A process for extracting, separating, and refining dietary fiber from bamboo shoots, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Peel, wash, and cut fresh Lei bamboo shoots into chunks to obtain block-shaped Lei bamboo shoots; Step 2: The blocky bamboo shoots are crushed by a crusher to obtain wet granules; Step 3: After the wet granules are subjected to high-speed double-stage pulping, pulping liquid is obtained; Step 4: The pulp is spray-dried to obtain powdered bamboo shoot dietary fiber; In step 3, the wet granules undergo a first pulping process in a first pulper. Before pulping, ice is poured into the first pulper. The mass ratio of wet granules to ice in the first pulper is 10:

1. The pulping speed is 300~500 r / min, and the pulping time is 10~15 min. Afterward, a second pulping process is carried out in a second pulper under microwave conditions with a power of 380~390W. The pulping time does not exceed 10 min, and the pulping speed is 500~600 r / min.

2. The extraction, separation, and refining process for bamboo shoot dietary fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the particle size of the wet particles is less than 3 mm.

3. The application of bamboo shoot dietary fiber in the preparation of health products with weight loss effects, characterized by: The bamboo shoot dietary fiber is obtained by an extraction, separation and refining process for bamboo shoot dietary fiber as described in claim 1 or 2.

4. The application of bamboo shoot dietary fiber in the preparation of health products with blood sugar regulating effects, characterized by: The bamboo shoot dietary fiber is obtained by an extraction, separation and refining process for bamboo shoot dietary fiber as described in claim 1 or 2.

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